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人教版 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural disasters
外研版 必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope
译林版 必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural disasters
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．metal n．金属
2．tsunami n．海啸
3．typhoon n．台风
4．volcano n．火山
5．brick n．砖；砖块
6．tornado n．龙卷风；旋风
7．lava n．熔岩；岩浆
8．unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
9．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
10．orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
11．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
12．landslide n．(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
13．sandstorm n．沙尘暴
14．lightning n．闪电
15．thunderstorm n．雷暴
16．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
17．helicopter n．直升机
18．drought n．长期缺乏，严重短缺；干旱，旱灾
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹 v．跟踪，追踪
2．forecast v．& n．预测，预报
3．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
4．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
5．slide vi.& vt.(slid；slid)滑行；逐渐陷入 n．幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩
6．claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；宣称；断言 n．声称
7．otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外
8．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
9．hug vt.(hugged；hugged)拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 n．拥抱
10．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
11．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
12．staff n．全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于
13．trap vt.(trapped；trapped)使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
14．export n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出
15．disaster n．灾难；灾害
16．fund n．资金；基金 v．为……提供资金
17．import n．进口产品，输入的产品；进口，输入 vt.进口，引进
18．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，缓解；救济(物资)
19．shelter n．庇护；住处；避难处 v．保护；掩蔽；躲避
20．supply n．供应，供给；补给品 v．供应，供给
21．strike vi.& vt.(struck；struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
22．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援→rescuer n．救助者
2．announcement n．通告，公告→announce vt.通告，公告
3．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
4．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发
5．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地；猛
烈地→sharpen v．(使)变锋利
6．inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉→information n．信息→informed adj.有学问的；有见识的
了解情况的→informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
7．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；交付
8．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmation n．确认；证实；批准，许可9．scare vt.& vi.惊吓，(使)害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓
人的
10．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
11．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
12．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→wisely adv.明智地
13．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
14．unbearable adj.难耐的；难以处理的→bearable adj.可以忍受的；能应付的→bear vt.忍
受
15．destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的→destroy v．破坏→destruction
n．破坏
16．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.使震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked
adj.感到震惊的
17．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affection n．喜爱；爱情
18．distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的→distantly adv.远离地；
疏远地
1．blizzard n．暴风雪
2．disaster-relief n．赈灾；灾难援助
3．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
4．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
5．exceptionally adv.极其，非常
6．avalanche n．雪崩
7．cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
8．desertification n．(土地的)沙漠化
9．latitude n．纬度
10．equator n．赤道
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．in shock震惊；吃惊
2．at large整个，全部
3．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
4．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
5．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
6．safe and sound安然无恙地
7．occur to被想到，浮现在脑中8．keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静
9．dig out掘出；发现
10．to one’s relief让某人宽慰的是
11．in the open air露天；在户外
12．make up for弥补，补偿
13．get back up on one’s feet 重新振作起来
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．be doing...when...正在做……这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children when sea water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌进我家。
2．It occurs/occurred to sb that...某人突然想起……
It occurred to him that he had forgotten his wallet in the fire.他突然想起他的钱包落在大火里
了。
3．as if...好像……
At 3：42 a．m.，everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
凌晨3点42分，一切开始摇晃。似乎世界末日即将来临。
4．现在分词短语作结果状语
On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500
injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．tsunami n．海啸
2．typhoon n．台风
3．drought n．长期缺乏，严重短缺；干旱，旱灾
4．volcano n．火山
5．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt. ( 使 ) 破裂
6．hurricane n． ( 尤指西大西洋的 ) 飓风
7．orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的
8．landslide n． ( 山地或悬崖的 ) 崩塌；滑坡
9．unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
10．sandstorm n．沙尘暴
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．forecast v．& n．预测，预报2．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
3．claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；宣称，声称，断言
4．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
5．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
6．staff n．全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于
7．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
8．shelter n．庇护；住处；避难处 v．保护；掩蔽；躲避
9．supply n．供应，供给；补给品 v．供应，供给
10．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．announcement n．通告，公告→announce vt.通告，公告
2．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
3．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；交付
4．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发
5．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affection n．喜爱；爱情
6．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
7．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
8．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmation n．确认；证实；批准，许可
9．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地；猛
烈地→sharpen v．(使)变锋利
10．unbearable adj.难耐的；难以处理的→bearable adj.可以忍受的；能应付的→bear vt.忍
受
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共6分)
1．blizzard n．暴风雪
2．avalanche n．雪崩
3．disaster-relief n．赈灾；灾难援助
4．cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
5．desertification n． ( 土地的 ) 沙漠化
6．equator n．赤道
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
2．get back up on one’s feet 重新振作起来
3．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中
4．make up for 弥补，补偿5．at large 整个，全部
6． to one ’ s relief 让某人宽慰的是
7．in the open air 露天；在户外
8． keep one ’ s head (在困境中)保持冷静
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The scary scene in the film scared me so much that I didn’t dare to stay at home alone.
(scare)
2．He was shocked at the shocking news，for I could see the shocked look on his face.(shock)
3．The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.
(dead)
4．The storm was very destructive and caused great destruction to crops and animals of farmers.
(destroy)
5．The leader is eager for more information about the flood，so we must keep him informed of
what’s happening in the disaster area.(inform)
6．In reality，he is a man of much wisdom and in a way he is quite like his father who always
uses time wisely.(wise)
7．During the disaster，the rescuers came to many people’s rescue，never giving up any hope
of rescuing from danger.(rescue)
8．My parents live in a distant city but the Internet removes the distance in a way.(distant)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．Their houses were swept away by the flood，so they had to build new ones.
2．The houses on the seaward side of the road were all in ruins because of the hurricane.
3．People were in shock—and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan.
4．After a roll call(点名) confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，
crying and hugging each other.
5．Soon after the quake，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were
trapped and to bury the dead.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．我清楚地看到漩涡里有树和桶，突然想到我可以把自己绑到桶上来帮助自己漂浮。(It
occurs/occurred to sb that...)
I saw clearly that there were trees and barrels in the whirlpool and it suddenly occurred to me that I
could tie myself to a barrel to help me float.
2．他被急流冲走了，好像被巨浪吞没了，我们看不见他了。(as if...)
He was swept away by the rapid water. It seemed as if he was swallowed by the huge waves andwe lost sight of him.
3．地震过后，许多房屋和道路被摧毁，使许多人无家可归。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
After the earthquake，a lot of houses and roads were destroyed，leaving a great many people
homeless.
4．Falmont小学的校长Alice Brown正在上课，这时地板开始摇晃。(be doing...when...)
Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to
shake.
Disasters such as tornadoes，floods，landslides，drought，volcanic eruptions，
typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes are sometimes destructive，1.causing(cause) great
damage to many countries.Among them the earthquake has the 2.worst(bad) effects.The 1976
Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 deaths.90 percent of homes lay 3.in ruins and
people suffered a lot.Everywhere the shocked survivors saw 4.destroyed(destroy) bricks and
useless metals as if the world were at 5.an end.Rescue teams dug out the trapped，buried
the dead and built shelters.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.With unified efforts
and 6.wisdom(wise) of all people ， the city revived 7.itself(it) and began to breathe
again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis.The tsunami that 8.struck(strike) Asia in
2004 crashed into coastlines and swept away many people.Foreign countries aided these areas
by delivering food and 9.supplies(supply) by helicopter.(Tips for emergency：※Keep calm
※Tap on a pipe or whistle for help ※Stay away from power lines ※Survive on 10.what you
have on hand.)
inform vt.告知，通知；了解，熟悉(informed adj.有学问的；有见识的 information n．
信息)
•inform sb of/about sth 通知某人某事
inform sb that...通知某人……
•keep sb informed of/about...通知某人关于……；使某人知道……
(1)The government has declared a state of emergency and has appealed to the public to stay calm，
waiting for further information(inform)．
(2)They are keeping us informed(inform) of the development of the latest updates of the situation.
(3)我想告知全体职员一些详细的信息，以便他们为此做好充分的准备。
I ’ d like to inform all the staff of/about some detailed information so that they can make full
preparations for it.scare vt.使恐惧；使害怕vi.受惊吓(scared adj.恐惧的；惊恐的)
•scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事
scare...away/off把……吓跑
•be scared to death吓得要死
be scared to do sth/of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
(1)The robber scared her into handing over her money and gold ring.
(2)Seeing the volcano eruption in the distance，I had to admit I was scared(scare) to death by this
vivid scene.
(3)北极熊越靠近，我们就越害怕。我们试图用辣椒喷雾把它吓跑。
The nearer the polar bear was，the more scared we got.We tried to use the pepper spray to scare it
away/off.
(4)父亲一回到家，我胆怯地低着头，不敢看他的脸。
The moment my father arrived home，I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look/of looking
at his face.
shock v．使震惊 n．休克；打击；震惊；震动(shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.
感到震惊的)
•be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do...因做……而震惊
•in shock震惊地；休克
be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆
(1)The old couple were shocked at the shocking news that their son got seriously injured in the
rescue work.(shock)
(2)Tom was shocked to realize(realize) that the dam had been destroyed in the flood，which was
a shock to the authority.
(3)Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the
injured people who were trapped.
(4)看到厨房里一片狼藉，这位父亲惊呆了。(2021·新课标 Ⅰ，读后续写)
Seeing the great mess in the kitchen，the father was numb with shock.
distance n．距离；远处(distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的 distantly adv.远离地；
疏远地)
in the distance在远处at/from a distance离一段距离；从远处
at a distance of在……远的地方
keep sb at a distance对某人冷淡；与某人疏远
within walking distance走着就能到
(1)The tough period during the earthquake I once experienced is a distant(distance) memory for
me now.
(2)我们将于下周六在一个距我们学校两千米远的农场进行水果采摘活动。
We’ll hold a fruit-picking activity next Saturday on a farm which is at a distance of two
kilometres from our school.
(3)你也可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店走着就能到。(应用文写作之建议信)
You can also visit the city museum，which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay.
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪(ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产)
·be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭
fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭
·ruin one’s hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康
(1)90 percent of houses lay in ruins after the landslide and helicopters were used to evacuate
people living there.
(2)We visited the ruins of the Old Summer Palace last winter.It was ruined by foreign invaders.
(ruin)
(3)The heavy rain lasted two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday.
→The heavy rain lasted two weeks，completely ruining our holiday.(用非谓语动词作状语改写)
be doing...when... I was having breakfast with my three children when sea water
started filling my home.我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌进我家。
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下句
型：
•be about to do...when...正要做……突然……
•had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
(1)双胞胎正在煲(stew)鸡肉粥，这时他们的爸爸迈进了厨房。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
The twins were stewing chicken porridge when their father marched into the kitchen.
(2)我们正要离开时，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。
We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.
(3)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。I had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．deliver
(1)The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy，which made the handsome prince
wild with excitement. B
(2)The son of a grocer ， he’d spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in
Bernardsville，New Jersey.(2021·新课标Ⅰ) A
(3)When delivering a speech，if necessary，you can refer to your notes. C
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)The government demanded that the relief should be sent to the flood victims as soon as
possible.救济物资
(2)The accident which happened yesterday claimed more than 20 lives.夺去
(3)Affected with a serious disease，he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was
no hope of recovery.感染
(4)I stood there，shedding tears of regret in silence and I wished that I hadn’t said such sharp
words to my father.刻薄的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．It occurred to me that the bear might be attracted by the smell of our garlic bread; therefore，I
threw the bread as far as I could.
2．There is no reliable information(inform) about the earthquake which happened yesterday.
3．It was a great shock for me to learn that he lost his family in the disaster.
4．Mary’s description of the tornado was so vivid that I felt as if I had experienced(experience)
one myself.
5．With time going on，the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.
6．I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked(shock)
when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
7．The snow lasted a week，resulting(result) in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
8．We were constantly affected by the people who devoted their lives to fighting against natural
disasters.
假如你是李华，在得知土耳其大地震的消息后，作为鹰潭中学的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括：
1．表达安慰；
2．中国救援队已前往援助；
3．表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。
完成句子
1．听说你们的家乡出乎意料地发生了可怕的地震，造成了巨大的损失，我深感难过。
(strike；现在分词短语作结果状语)
2．许多房屋和道路都成了废墟，我想借此机会向遭受苦难的人们表示最深切的同情。(in
ruins)
3．考虑到你们目前的处境，我们迫不及待地竭尽全力帮助你们。(make every bit of our effort
to do...)
4．中国救援队已赶赴你们的家乡参加救援工作，紧急食品也已经运送。(rescue team；join
the relief efforts；emergency delivery)
5．我坚信一切都会好起来的，你们的城市会很快恢复活力，振作起来。(revive itself；get
back up on one’s feet)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear friends，
I’m deeply sorry to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly struck your hometown，
causing great damage.Numerous houses and roads in ruins，I want to take this opportunity to
express my deepest sympathy for the people who suffered.
Thinking about your present situation，we cannot wait a minute to make every bit of our
effort to help you.Chinese rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to join the relief efforts，
and an emergency delivery of food has been transported as well.
I’m fully convinced that everything will be fine，and your city will revive itself and get
back up on its feet soon.
Yours sincerely，Li Hua
语料积累 情感细节描写：恐惧(二)
frightened adj.害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frighten v．使害怕
scare v．使害怕→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.惊悚的，吓人的
单词 panic v．& n．恐慌，害怕→panicked adj.恐慌的 dreadful adj.可怕的；极坏
的
terrible/horrible/awful adj.可怕的
be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措 one’s throat tightens with horror/fear吓
得喉咙发紧
be pale with fright吓得面无人色 be scared out of one’s wits吓得魂不附体 be
词块 numb/frozen with fear吓呆了 frighten the pants off sb把……吓得屁滚尿流
tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖 be scared to death/half dead with fright吓得要
死 tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水
one’s heart be stuck on one’s throat心卡在嗓子眼
1.A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street.(无灵主语
句)
走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。
2．I was wandering in the wood when a snake came out and scared me to death.
我正在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我半死。
3．I froze with terror，too scared to move an inch.我吓得呆住了，寸步难行。
句型
4．Seeing the bloody scene，she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and
fainted on the ground.
看到这血腥的一幕，她不受控制地发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒在地。
5．The explosion really frightened the pants off me.爆炸把我吓坏了。
6．He was overcome with terror as he realized he was lost in the wilderness.
当他意识到自己迷失在荒野中时，内心恐惧极了。
语料运用 The fire started to spread all over the hotel，and people fleeing out of it in time
①were still in great panic.Just at that moment，a sharp scream came out of the crowd.A young
mother ②who was dead with fright(定语从句) cried that her baby was still in the hotel
room.Hearing that，③ a flood of fear welled up in the crowd(无灵主语句)，and they didn’t
know what they could do in that situation.They tried to comfort the woman ④who had been scared
out of her wits，but words just failed them.They almost lost hope when a young man quickly ran to
the pool in front of the hotel，poured water on his jacket and then rushed into the burning
room.Seeing the scene，everyone ⑤ was numb with fear，wishing he could successfully bringthe baby out.⑥ Everyone ’ s heart was stuck in their throat until they heard some cry of a baby.
大火开始蔓延到整个酒店，及时逃离的人们仍然非常恐慌。就在这时，人群中传来一声尖锐
的尖叫。一位吓坏了的年轻母亲哭着说她的孩子还在酒店房间里。听到这句话，人群中涌起
一阵恐惧，他们不知道在这种情况下能怎么办。他们试图安慰那个被吓得魂不附体的女人，
却不知道说什么。一个年轻人迅速跑到酒店前的游泳池，把水倒在夹克上，然后冲进着火的
房间时，他们几乎失去了希望。看到这一幕，所有人都吓得麻木了，希望他能成功把孩子抱
出来。每个人的心都卡在嗓子眼里，直到他们听到了婴儿的哭声。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·福建厦门期中)
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient
Greece to the present day ， countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict
earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidence of coming quakes.
However，there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand
some basic physics of earthquakes，” said Egill，a research professor at the California Institute
of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement，but
precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other
challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs，given that these warning signs are not
yet entirely understood.Actually，real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of
potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and
symptoms.As it turns out，quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was recognized science in ancient
Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and
forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years
ago：he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had
suddenly become muddy.Indeed，an earthquake occurred two days later，making Pherecydes
famous.Nowadays，seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest
potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently ， Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of
confidence.Generally，Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is
located beyond a depth of 40km.Fortunately，such quakes are almost always harmless，since
quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every
possible method to try to predict earthquakes，” Bruneau said.“Nobody has been able to crackit and make a believable prediction.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预测是人类一直追求的技术，并解释了
地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。
1．What do we know about earthquake forecasting?
A．Scientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes.
B．As long as enough data is collected，earthquakes can be predicted.
C．Mathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes.
D．Scientists have not yet fully studied the structure of earthquakes.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“From ancient Greece to the present day，countless
scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.”可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们
一直热衷于准确预测地震。故选A。
2．How did Pherecydes successfully predict that earthquake?
A．By seismic and remote-sensing methods.
B．By observing unusual natural phenomena.
C．By living in seismic zones throughout the year.
D．By looking into data on the early warning signs.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that
usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed，an earthquake occurred two days
later”可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象成功预测了那场地震。故选
B。
3．What was Bruneau’s opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction?
A．He strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem.
B．He was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future.
C．He considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40km.
D．He thought that scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict
earthquakes”及“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”可推知，
Bruneau认为科学家目前没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Why do humans predict earthquakes.
B．How to protect oneself during an earthquake.C．What methods can be used to forecast earthquakes.
D．When to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了从古至今人类一直力图寻
找准确预测地震的方法，故本文的主旨是预测地震的方法。故选C。
B
As a shift in the polar vortex(极地涡旋) swept across much of the US，many people in the
country were hit with a sudden snap of cold.Heavy ice and snow coupled with fallen trees caused
the outages in major cities，with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be
restored.
Polar vortices were noticed long ago.But the first known use of the term “polar vortex”
was in a magazine in 1853.Polar vortices are present year-round，but we don’t hear about them
until they cause problems.They maintain freezing temperatures at the North and South Poles by
moving in tight counterclockwise patterns.Polar vortices grow stronger in winter and weaken in
summer.They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric current called the jet
stream.However，when the jet streams weaken，the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed
southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention!
In Texas，roads froze over，causing six traffic deaths，and many schools were shut
down.People are not the only earthlings to struggle with the cold.Crops and animals are also
freezing.This could have major consequences，especially if herds of cattle die.If snow blocks
cattle，the animals can’t reach basic necessities like food and fresh water.
On a brighter note，some Texas cities were more prepared than others，for instance，
Amarillo ， which is located in North Texas ， so they are more accustomed to colder
temperatures.Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter
storms.Officials have spread out fire stations to increase coverage of first responders，employed
modified dump trucks for clearing ice，and upgraded civic centers to provide shelter during
storms.Hopefully，other Texas cities will follow the good example set by Amarillo!
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。极地涡旋会给人类的生命、财产带来巨大的威胁，但是好在人
类已发现有效措施积极应对。
5．What does the underlined word “outages” refer to in paragraph 1?
A．Traffic jams. B．Power struggles.
C．Power cuts. D．Traffic accidents.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“with companies unable to tell their customers whenpower will be restored”可知，outages意为“断电”。故选C。
6．What can we learn about polar vortices?
A．They grow stronger in summer.
B．They are affected by jet streams.
C．They were first observed in 1853.
D．They move in a clockwise direction.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“They are kept in place at the poles by...However，
when the jet streams weaken，the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed...！”可知，极涡会
受到急流的影响。故选B。
7．What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?
A．The definition of the polar vortex.
B．The characteristics of the polar vortex.
C．The ways to deal with the polar vortex.
D．The serious impact made by the polar vortex.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“In Texas，roads froze over，causing six traffic deaths，
and many schools were shut down...Crops and animals are also freezing...”可知，倒数第二段主
要讲的是极地涡旋造成的严重影响。故选D。
8．Why is Amarillo striking?
A．Because it is located in the north of Texas.
B．Because it has been upgraded and modernized.
C．Because it has been regarded as an example to other cities.
D．Because it has taken effective measures to resist winter storms.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Amarillo is notable because the city was
redesigned to...to provide shelter during storms.”可知，阿马里洛引人注目是因为它已采取有
效措施应对冬季风暴。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Chick-fil-A is known for their incredible customer service.But the restaurants often find
special ways to 1 in times of crisis，too.And this North Carolina Chick-fil-A helped
Hurricane Florence relief 2 by opening its doors on Sunday.
You’ll always hear “My pleasure” from Chick-fil-A 3 when they serve you.And the
Wilmington，North Carolina Chick-fil-A，owned by Donovan and Nikki Carless，was quick to
serve locals on Sunday after Hurricane Florence left thousands of people 4 .
By then，the hurricane had already 5 the lives of 43 people.Rescue missions 6around 5,000 people from dangerous conditions.And the Governor of North Carolina ，Roy
Cooper，announced that floodwaters were still a(n) 7 to the state.
With this in mind，the restaurant owners asked their employees who would be 8 to serve
food on Sunday.It’s a day the company usually closes.But on this particular Sunday，the doors
opened and served the miserable 9 .
According to ABC News 11，the team 10 the opportunity to help. 11 the Red
Cross，the team was able to give 500 sandwiches and 1,200 biscuits at three different 12
.Other fast-food chains also 13 in rescue work.And this is 14 what community is all
about.In times like these，it’s always 15 to see businesses put their bottom dollar aside and
instead look to see how they can give back.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了快餐连锁店 Chick-fil-A在周日开门帮助救援在
飓风“佛罗伦萨”中受灾的灾民的故事。
1．A.remain B．respond
C．reflect D．refresh
答案 B
解析 根据下文“And this North Carolina Chick-fil-A helped Hurricane Florence relief
by opening its doors on Sunday.”可知，Chick-fil-A在危难开头也经常能找到特殊的方法作出
反应。故选B。
2．A.effort B．fund
C．supplies D．staff
答案 A
解析 根据下文“serve locals on Sunday after Hurricane Florence...”可知，Chick-fil-A 周日
开门营业，帮助佛罗伦萨飓风后的救援工作。relief effort指的是救援工作。故选A。
3．A.leaders B．residents
C．colleagues D．employees
答案 D
解析 根据下文“when they serve you”可知，此处指的是 Chick-fil-A 的雇员。故选D。
4．A.motionless B．fearless
C．homeless D．speechless
答案 C
解析 根据常识可知，此处指飓风使成千上万人无家可归。故选C。
5．A.claimed B．lost
C．confirmed D．dominated
答案 A
解析 claim(灾难﹑事故等)夺去(生命)；lose丢失；confirm证实；dominate支配，控制。根据句中“the lives of 43 people”可知，此处指飓风夺走了43人的生命。故选A。
6．A.hid B．separated
C．recovered D．distinguished
答案 C
解析 根据句中“from dangerous conditions”可知，此处指将大约5 000人从危险的环境中
救出。recover 指“找回；寻回；找到”，符合语境。故选C。
7．A.warning B．threat
C．reminder D．interruption
答案 B
解析 根据下文“With this in mind，the restaurant owners asked their employees who would be
to serve food on Sunday.”可推知，洪水对该州来说仍然是威胁。故选B。
8．A.proud B．reliable
C．curious D．willing
答案 D
解析 根据下文“It’s a day the company usually closes.”可推知，此处指餐馆老板询问了谁
愿意在周日来餐厅为难民提供食物。故选D。
9．A.victims B．villagers
C．rescuers D．attackers
答案 A
解析 根据常识可知，在灾难面前，人们是受害者。故选A。
10．A.opened up B．waited for
C．benefited from D．jumped at
答案 D
解析 open up开放；wait for等待；benefit from从……中受益；jump at欣然接受。根据上
文可知，餐馆老板询问了谁愿意在周日来餐厅为难民提供食物，此处指员工们欣然接受了这
个提供帮助的机会。故选D。
11．A.In command of B．In reward for
C．In association with D．In contrast to
答案 C
解析 in command of指挥；in reward for作为报答；in association with联合；in contrast to
与……对比。根据句意可知，此处指该团队与红十字会联合。故选C。
12．A.companies B．habitats
C．shelters D．settlements
答案 C
解析 结合上文提到飓风“佛罗伦萨”导致数千人无家可归可知，该团队和红十字会联合，在三个不同的避难处提供三明治和饼干。故选C。
13．A.engaged B．delighted
C．succeeded D．invested
答案 A
解析 根据also可推知，此处指其他快餐连锁店也参与了救援工作。engage (sb) in(使某人)
参加或从事某事。故选A。
14．A.merely B．surely
C．probably D．truly
答案 D
解析 根据上文“...the team was able to give 500 sandwiches and 1,200 biscuits at three different
.Other fast-food chains also...”可知，这就是社区的真正意义所在。故选D。
15．A.challenging B．inspiring
C．astonishing D．puzzling
答案 B
解析 challenging具有挑战性的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；astonishing令人惊讶的；puzzling
令人困惑的。通读全文可知，在类似这样的时刻，看到企业不顾自己的利益转而寻求如何回
报社会的行为是令人鼓舞的。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National
Park(GPNP).1. (cover) an area about three times 2. size of
Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.The
plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3. (be) previously
unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
4._________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period，the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP
5._________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and
integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological
buffer zones,6. leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future
generations”．The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7._________
(population) and homes of giant pandas，and 8. (eventual) achieve a desired level of
population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9. an umbrella species(物种)，bringing protection to a
host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is
intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10. live within the Giant
Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.1．答案 Covering
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的主语the GPNP为逻辑上的
主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，此空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
2．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。“倍数＋the＋名词＋of”是倍数的一种表达方式。故填the。
3．答案 were
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。空前that指代先行词areas，作主语，根据previously可知时态
是一般过去时，根据主谓一致原则，从句主语是复数，从句谓语应用复数形式。故填
were。
4．答案 to increase
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词的不定式形式。故填 to
increase。
5．答案 is designed
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为
被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语是
单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
6．答案 and
解析 考查连词。分析句子可知，“protecting”“preserving”“protecting”和“leaving
behind”是现在分词并列作of的宾语，因此用and连接。故填and。
7．答案 populations
解析 考查名词复数。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词
population(种群)的复数形式。故填populations。
8．答案 eventually
解析 考查副词。应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
9．答案 as
解析 考查介词。serve as“担任，充当”，是固定短语。故填as。
10．答案 that
解析 考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，先行词species在从句中作主语，且前面有all
修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
