人教版高中英语选修十课文原文及翻译
第 一单元
Unit 1 Reading
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
一次成功的失败经历
If at first you don’t succeed, try and try again. -- W C Fields
如果起初不成功，就要一次又一次地尝试。-W.C．菲尔茨
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to
Antarctica on the ship
ENDURANCE in August 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous
explorers of his day and it
was considered a great honour to be part of any expeditions he led. Now read
the first part of
Perce's story.
1914 年8 月，珀斯，布莱克鲍罗参加了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“持久号”轮船
南
极探险。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最负盛名的探险家，加入他的探险活动被认为是一种
巨大的
荣耀。现在请看读帕斯所讲故事的第一部分。
August 29th, 1916
Slowly I put my head out of my sleeping bag and look around me. Everything
is grey: the inside
of the hut appears grey, the morning light looks grey and the pot bubbling on
the oil stove is grey.
The smell is, as usual, almost unbearable, being a mixture of sweat, seal oil fat
and dirty
underwear. I try to think of happier things: warm and dry clothes, a cosy
bedroom, sunny days, my
mother's face and the celebration we will get when we return, for I am part of
a failed expedition
that tried to cross the continent of Antarctica, something that had never been
done before. As I
think of this, a black blanket drops and covers me, almost blocking out the
memories of happier
times. I feel breathless as I remember my rotten toes that had to be removed
when they became
blackened from frostbite. Our circumstances are so desperate that it is
uncertain whether we will
ever return alive. Perhaps our bodies will be recognized and collected by some
other expedition
team many years from now.
1916 年8 月29 日
慢慢地，我把头探出睡袋，向四周看了看。一切都是灰色的：小屋里面看上去是灰
色的，
晨曦看上去是灰色的，燃油炉上噗噗作响的罐子也是灰色的。同往常一样，气味中混
合着汗
液、海豹油脂和脏内衣的味道，几乎让人难以忍受。我尝试着想一些快乐的事情：温
暖和干
爽的衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光灿烂的日子、妈妈的脸庞，以及返家后得到的庆贺，因
为我是
试图横穿南极大陆的一次失败探险活动的成员之一，这种事以前还没有人做过。正想
到这儿，
一条黑毛毯掉下来把我盖住，几乎把美好时光的记忆封闭住了。一想到由于冻伤变黑
而必须
截去的腐烂的脚趾头，我就感到喘不过气来。我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不
会活着
回去。也许好些年后，我们的尸体会被其他探险队所辨认并搜集起来。
Just as I am about to become self-pitying, the door to our shelter opens and
a blast of cold air
tears through the hut. "Shut that door!" I yell in a hoarse voice that I hardly
recognize as my own.
"Hold on now. Perce. Don't you go turning into another Tom," comes the
reply . "We've caught
another penguin, so it’s penguin soup tonight!” Bless Frank Wild, the
kindest man there is, after
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our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as selfish and bad-
tempered as Tom
Orde-Lees! I struggle out of my bed and a new day begins.
正当我快要变得自我怜惜起来时，我们营棚的门开了，一股冷空气穿过营棚。“把门
关上！”
我用一种自己都快辨认不出来的沙哑的嗓音嚷嚷道。“坚持下去，珀斯。不要变成另
一个汤
姆。”一个声音在应答。“我们又逮住了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了！”保佑弗兰
克·怀尔
德，他可是我们的头儿欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最好的人啦。我怎么能像汤姆·奥德·利
兹
那样自私自利和脾气暴躁呢！我挣扎着下床，新的一天开始了。
When the expedition was announced, I was only twenty and I had always
dreamed of adventure.
So it was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this
advertisement:
Men wanted for a dangerous journey: small wages, bitter cold, months of
complete
darkness and safe return uncertain. Honour and reward will follow if it is
successful. Sir Ernest
Shackleton.
当初宣布探险活动时，我才20 岁，老梦想着要去冒险。所以在1914 年7 月的一个
早晨，
我是怀着无比激动的心情读以下这则广告的：
为危险之旅招募人手：工资低廉、寒冷无比、数月不见天日、无法确保安全返回。
如果
成功，荣耀和报酬将会接踵而至。欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士。
An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South Pole - I was
hooked ! I was an
amateur but I was young, fit and energetic. I secretly hid aboard the ship,
Endurance, in a small
cupboard. Nobody found me until the ship had sailed and I was suffering
badly from seasickness.
Anyhow, Shackleton seemed interested in my silly behaviour and accepted the
situation. He made
me a steward to help cook twenty-eight meals three times a day.
同伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——我被深深地迷住了！我是探险的
门
外汉，但我年轻，身体健康而且精力充沛。我偷偷地上了“持久号”轮船，藏在一个
小橱里。
直到轮船已开始航行了，我才被人发现，而且晕船晕得很厉害。不管怎么说，沙克尔
顿似乎
对我傻乎乎的行为感兴趣，并且接受了这种局面。他让我当一名伙计，协助做28 个人
一天
三顿的饭菜。
On January 18th, 1915, the Endurance became stuck in pack ice (which can be
solid or broken
into huge floating pieces of ice) as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze
around us and we
were well and truly stuck! The ship was gradually crushed in front of our eyes.
I believe
Shackleton must have mourned this unexpected end to his expedition, but he
did not waste time on
regrets. Calling us calmly together, he made an urgent announcement that we
must save only
essential supplies before the strip sank, particularly the small boats, food,
cooking equipment,
candles, bedding and clothes. To show his determination, Shackleton threw
some gold coins and
his gold watch onto the ice. But to my surprise he encouraged Hussey to bring
his banjo. He
described it as vital for keeping us cheerful.
1915 年1 月18 日，正当我们接近南极时，“持久号”被海上的浮冰（有的坚固无
比，
有的破裂成若干巨大的冰块浮在水上）卡住了。周围的冰都冻结了，我们千真万确地
被困住
了！轮船在我们的眼前慢慢地被挤坏。我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的
结局感
到痛心，但他并没有把时间浪费在遗憾和悔恨中。他镇静地把大家召集在一起，然后
紧急宣
布我们必须在船沉下去之前，只抢出基本给养，尤其是小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、卧
具和衣
服。为了显示自己的决心，沙克尔顿把一些金币和他的金表扔到冰上。然而，让我感
到惊讶
的是，他竞鼓励赫西带上班卓琴。他把班卓琴描述成让我们保持精神振奋的关键。
His perseverance won our complete faith in him. He was always honest with
us (as in the
th
advertisement) and never gave way to disappointment, even when the ship
sank. On April 9 1916,
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we moved to our present camp on Elephant Island. Soon Shackleton set
out the framework for our
life here: no differences in rank or in social status; everyone to keep busy; a
fair division of food
and bedding; and a concern for all. This team-spirit contributed to the morale
of the crew and
saved our lives.
他的顽强精神赢得了我们对他的完全信赖。他对我们也总是坦诚相待（就像广告中那
样），
他从不灰心丧气，从不放弃，甚至当轮船沉下去时也是如此。1916 年4 月9 日，我们
搬到
了大象岛上现在的宿营地。不久沙克尔顿给我们这里的生活列出了规矩：取消级别和
社会地
位上的差异，每个人都得忙起来；公平分配食物和卧具；关心每一个人。这种团队精
神鼓舞
了船员们的士气，并挽救了我们的生命。
Once we were settled on Elephant Island, Shackleton explained his plan to
save us:
twenty-two of us were to remain here and he would select five others to go to
South Georgia and
bring help. No rescue attempt could be expected from outside as nobody
knew where we were. I
will never forget watching the little boat disappear through the booming
waves into the stormy
ocean. We who remained on Elephant Island swore that we would do as he
advocated: remain
optimistic and recover our health before he returned to rescue us.
我们在大象岛上一安顿好，沙克尔顿就马上向大家解释了他的营救计划：22 人留在这
里，
他挑选其他五个人去南乔治亚求援。由于谁也不知道我们身处何地，所以不能指望任
何外部
救援。我永远也不会忘记眼看着小船从哗哗作响的波浪中消失在波涛汹涌的大洋里的
情景。
留在大象岛上的人发誓要按他所主张的那样做：在他返回来救我们之前要保持乐观、
恢复健
康。
Unit 1 Reading and writing
“OPTIMISM HELPED US PERSEVERE”
“乐观帮助我们锲而不舍”
Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from
Elephant Island. The
danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find
us, the fear that we
might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and
discouraged. But it
was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner of penguin and some
dynamic music to
make a man feel more cheerful again.
我们留在了岛上，看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离大象岛。起初，他们将面临的危险、回来
寻
找我们的机会、以及害怕再也无从知晓他们的命运和可能的耽搁，都使我们情绪低落、
沮丧
不已。不过，这并没有持续很长时间。除了美味的企鹅餐和动感音乐外，没有其它东
西能再
让人感到愉快了。
Life now fell into a regular pattern. Just keeping alive took all our time and
energy. For
example, we had to gather fresh water by grasping and then melting sea-ice.
If this stands for a
period of time its salt disappears and it becomes fresh water suitable for
drinking. But melting the
ice was a problem. With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only
fuel we could use was
seal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke but had the advantage of burning
strongly in fierce winds.
We could also eat the remains when the fire died down.
现在生活转入了常规。单单活下去这一项就耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。例如：我
们必
须要抓住和溶化海面上的冰块来收集淡水。如果冰块溶化了一段时间，水里面的盐分
就会消
失．之后变成适于饮用的淡水。然而溶化冰块却是个问题。南极地区不长树，也没有
油料，
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唯一可供我们用作燃料的便是海豹脂肪。燃烧海豹脂肪会产生油腻的黑烟，但它
有能在强风
中烧旺的好处。火熄灭后我们也可以吃剩下的东西。
Food was also a problem as there were no vegetables or fruit to be found. As
one of our group,
Lionel Greenstreet noted in his diary after a few weeks how bored he was with
the meals: "The
food now is pretty well all meat. Seal steaks, cooked seal, penguin steaks,
cooked penguin,
penguin liver. "As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cook these animals, so I
was soon being
encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could. It was difficult.
食物也是个问题，因为找不到蔬菜和水果。作为大家中的一员，莱昂内尔·格林斯特
里特
数周后在日记中提到他对饭菜是何其厌烦：“现在食物全是肉。海豹肉排、煮海豹、
企鹅肉
排、煮企鹅、企鹅肝”。作为厨子，我的责任就是把这些动物清洗干净并做成熟肉。
没过多
久他们就不断鼓动我想方设法去变化伙食的花样。这可真不容易。
We had to be very particular about our personal care because a changeable
temperature could
harm us. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too
many clothes as to
become too cold from wearing too few. Becoming too hot led to sweating
and this could freeze
very quickly. Another part of the body that needed special caution was the
eyes. The ice and snow
reflected dangerous rays from the sun so that if we did not wear sunglasses
we would suffer from
snow blindness.
我们必须要特别注意自己照顾自己，因为变幻的气温可能会伤害到我们。穿衣服太多
而太
热同穿得太少而太冷差不多一样危险。太热导致出汗，而汗水很快就会结成冰。另外
一个需
要特别小心的身体部位是眼睛。冰雪会反射阳光中的危险射线，所以如果不戴上太阳
镜，可
能会造成日盲症。
Four months of this was as much as the twenty-two of us could bear in this
bone-numbing cold.
We were lucky that our group worked hard to show an admirable mental
attitude and dealt with
our ever-present fears in a positive and successful way. Above all, Shackleton
encouraged us to
have celebrations: for birthdays, festivals or even just because of a good catch
of penguin. This
kept us cheerful and encouraged harmony in the group.
在这样彻骨的寒冷中，这种状况持续的四个月是我们22 人所能承受的极限。我们很走
运，
因为我们全组努力显示出一种令人钦佩的精神状态，并且以积极的态度成功地克服了
无所不
在的恐惧。最重要的是沙克尔顿曾鼓励我们举办各种庆祝活动：庆祝生日、庆祝节日，
甚至
就仅仅因为企鹅的捕获量大也庆祝一番。这让我们保持振奋的情绪，并且增进了团队
和谐的
气氛。
When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not
hide our tears. We
were at last free to go home to a warm bed, good food and the care of our
family and friends. Our
optimism and faith in Sbackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and
he had repaid us by
his commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death.
当救援真的赶来时，我们长长地松了口气，欣喜不已，许多人忍不住流下了眼泪。
我们
终于可以自由地回家，躺在温暖的床上，品尝可口的食物，享受家庭和朋友的关爱了。
乐观
和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持顽强地活了下来，他给我们的回报则是承诺返回岛
上，并
且把我们从缓慢而又痛苦的死亡中解救出来。
第二单元
Unit 2 Reading
4
KING LEAR 李尔王
Part 1
The king’s throne room. Enter King Lear; the king’s daughters: Goneril,
Regan and Cordelia:
the Dukes of Albany and Cornwall, Goneril’s and Regan’s husbands; and
the Duke of Kent, a
loyal friend of the king.
国王的觐见室。李尔王上场，国王的女儿们：贡纳莉、里根和科迪莉亚；贡纳莉和
里根
的丈夫奥尔巴尼公爵和康沃尔公爵；肯特公爵，国王的一位忠实的朋友。
LEAR:
My dear daughters, I am growing old and tired. The burden of government
sits heavily on my
shoulders. I have decided to retire and hand over the heavy load of
responsibility to you three. See,
here is a map of my kingdom with all the boundaries drawn on it. I have
divided the kingdom into
three parts, and allocated one part to each of you. Now tell me, my dears,
which of you loves me
the most? For whichever of you has for me the most devotion I will give to her
the best part of
everything I own. Goneril, what do you say?
李尔： 我亲爱的女儿们，我老了，也累了。治理国家的重担落在我的双肩上。我已决
定退
休，把责任重担传到你们三人的手中。瞧，这是我的王国地图，边界都标在上面。我
已把国
家一分为三，给你们每个人划分一份。现在告诉我，亲爱的孩子们，你们当中谁最爱
我?因
为你们当中不管是谁，只要最有孝心，我就把最好的一块给她。贡纳莉，你说说看。
GONERIL:
Sir, I do not have the words to express the depth of my devotion. I love you
more than all the
riches in the world, more than my freedom, more even than my own eyesight.
In fact, I love you
more than life itself.
贡纳莉： 父王，我无法用语言来表达我对您深深的爱。我爱您胜于爱世上所有的财富，
胜
于爱我的自由，甚至还胜于爱我的眼睛。事实上，我爱您胜于爱自己的生命。
LEAR:
(showing his daughter the map) My darling girl. You and your husband Albany
shall have this part
of my kingdom with all its rivers and forests and mountains. And your children
shall own it after
you. Now Regan, it is your turn. What have you got to say to me?
李尔： （给他女儿看地图）我亲爱的女儿，你和你的丈夫奥尔巴尼将拥有王国的这一
部分，
包括其中所有的河流、森林和山脉。你们的孩子可以继承下去。里根，现在轮到你了。
你对
我说些什么呢？
REGAN:
In expressing her love for you, my sister has also expressed mine. Yet I love
you even more than
words can say. I adore you more than anything else in the whole world. My
greatest happiness is
in loving you.
里根： 姐姐在表达她对您的爱的同时，也道出了我的心声。然而我对您的爱甚至是无
法用
语言表达的。我深爱您胜于深爱世界上的一切。我最大的幸福就是爱您。
LEAR:
To you and your husband Cornwall and to your future children, I give this
part of my kingdom
(showing them on the map). This part is equal in value to what I give to
Goneril. Now my darling,
my favourite, my Cordelia. What have you to say to delight an. old man and
earn the best part of
his kingdom?
李尔： 为你和你的丈夫康沃尔以及你们未来的孩子，我把王国的这一部分赐予你们
（给他
们看地图）。这部分同我给贡纳莉的那部分价值相等。现在，我亲爱的，我最喜欢的
孩子，
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我的科迪莉亚，你说什么来取悦一位老人，赢得王国最好的部分呢？
CORDELIA: Nothing, my father.
LEAR:
Nothing?
LEAR:
You'll get nothing for nothing. I pray you, speak.
CORDELIA: I'm sorry but I'm not as clever as my sisters. I cannot describe my
feelings with
such fancy words. I love you as it is right and proper for a daughter to love her
father,
neither less nor more.
LEAR:
Try harder, Cordelia, or you may lose your share of the kingdom.
CORDELIA: My dear father, you brought me into this world, you cared for me
and loved me.
In return I love, honour and obey you. I do not understand why my sisters
spoke as
they did. If they do indeed love you that much, then I don't understand why
they
ever got married. You see, when I marry, it will be my duty to give half my love
to
my husband.
LEAR:
You truly mean what you say?
CORDELIA: Yes. Your Majesty.
LEAR:
So young and so hard-hearted.
CORDELIA: So young and so truthful, my Lord.
LEAR:
Well, then. Let truth be your reward. You are no longer my daughter but a
stranger to
my heart.
科迪莉亚：我无话可说，我的父亲。
李尔： 无话可说？
科迪莉亚：无话可说。
李尔： 无话可说你将一无所获。我求求你说几句。
科迪莉亚：很抱歉，我不像姐姐们那样聪明。我不会用这么花哨的话来描述我的感觉。
我爱
您如同一个女儿除如其分地爱着父亲，一分不多，一分木少。
李尔： 好好想一想，科迪莉亚。否则的话，你将丧失你应得的那一份土地。
科迪莉亚：亲爱的父亲，您把我带到这个世界上，您关心我，爱我。作为回报，我爱
您，敬
重您，遵从您。我搞不明白姐姐们为什么那样讲。如果她们真的那样爱您，那我就
不明白她们为什么要嫁人。您知道，只要我一嫁人，我就有职责把一半的爱分给我
的丈夫。
李尔： 此话当真？
科迪莉亚：是的，陛下。
李尔： 年纪轻轻，心肠却铁硬。
科迪莉亚：年纪轻轻，但是实话实说，我的陛下。
李尔： 那么，好吧。就让实话作为你的回报吧。你不再是我的女儿了，我心里再也没
有你。
KENT: But sir … 但是，陛下…
LEAR:
Be quiet, Kent. Do not come between me and my anger. She was my favourite
daughter. With her
I hoped to spend my old age. But that is never going to happen now. You,
servant! Go and find the
King of France and the Duke of Burgundy. We'll see if either wants to be a
bridegroom when she
has no riches to bring to the marriage. Goneril, Regan, I shall distribute my
kingdom between the
two of you. I shall take nothing for myself except a troop of one hundred of
my most loyal soldiers
6
to care for and protect me. And as I have no third-born daughter, I will
spend my days with you
two -- a month with one and then a month with the other.
李尔： 别说话，肯特。不许阻止我发怒。她曾是我最疼爱的女儿。我曾想同她一道度
过晚
年，但那种事情再也不会发生了。你这个仆人，去找一下法国国王和勃艮第公爵。我
们倒要
看看，她没有分毫嫁妆，你们俩谁愿意当她的新郎。贡纳莉、里根，我把我的王国分
给你们
两人。我自己什么也不要，只要一支由百名最忠诚的卫兵组成的队伍来照看和保护我。
我没
有第三个亲生女儿，我将同你们两个过日子——一个月在这一家，下个月在另一家。
KENT: But sir, I beg you …
LEAR:
Do not contradict me. It is done.
KENT: But sir, please hear me out. I speak on behalf of Cordelia. I have served
you for many
years and you know that I have always honoured you as my king and loved
you as a
father, but I believe you are being influenced by false flattery. Cordelia's
devotion to Your
Majesty is beyond question.
LEAR:
Kent, if you value your life, say no more.
KENT: I have to speak out, my Lord. I would rather lose my life than see you
make such a
mistake. You do wrong to cause friction between yourself and your daughter. I
forecast that
such actions will cause great conflict throughout your kingdom.
LEAR:
How dare you oppose me. Get out of my sight. Pack up your things and be
gone from
my kingdom. If you have not passed beyond my frontiers within five days, I
will have
you killed.
肯特：但是，陛下，我求您……
李尔：别顶撞我。就这么定了。
肯特：但是，陛下，请您听我讲完。我要替科迪莉亚讲几句话。我已侍奉您多年，您
是知道
酌，我一直敬您为君王，也像爱父亲一样爱着您，但是我相信您现在正被虚伪的奉承
所影响。科迪莉亚对陛下的热爱是无可置疑的。
李尔：肯特，你若想活命的话，就别再讲了。
肯特：我必须要讲清楚，我的陛下。我宁愿丢掉性命也不愿意看到您犯下如此严重的
错误。
您错误地让您和您的女儿之间产生摩擦。我料想这种行为会在您的王国里造成巨大的
冲突。
李尔：你竟敢反对我。从我面前滚出去。收拾好你的东西，滚出我的王国。五天之内
你若没
有离开我的国土，我就叫人杀了你。
Unit 2 Reading and speaking
PART 3
NARRATOR:
As soon as Goneril has got all she can from her father she begins treating him
disrespectfully.
When Lear wants to speak to her, Goneril tells her servant, Oswald, to say she
is sick. She
encourages her staff to be disrespectful towards Lear and begins complaining
about the hundred
soldiers Lear has brought with him. However, King Lear soon has a friend by
his side. The Duke
of Kent, who Lear ordered to leave Britain, cannot abandon his king. He
therefore comes to Lear
disguised as a servant called Caius and asks for a job.
7
旁 白： 当贡纳莉从她父亲那里得到所能得的一切后，马上开始粗鲁地对待他。
当李尔
想跟她谈一谈时，贡纳莉叫她的仆人奥斯瓦尔德说她病了。她怂恿下属对李尔不敬，
并开始
抱怨李尔所带的百名卫兵。然而，李尔王旁边很快就有了一个朋友。被李尔勒令离开
不列颠
的肯特公爵不能丢弃他的国王。因此，他化装成一个名叫凯厄斯的仆人，来到李尔这
里寻求
一份差使。
LEAR:
(Enter Lear several of Lear's soldiers and Kent disguised as n servant.)
OK, Caius, I'II give you a trial. And if you prove to be good at your job, 1'II
keep you on as my
servant. (Oswald enters.) Hey, you there. Where's my daughter? (Oswald
ignores the king and
hurries out of the room.) Hey. What's going on? Call him back. Is he deaf? (A
soldier rushes out
after Oswald.) It's as though the whole world has gone to sleep. (Soldier
reenters.) Where's that
servant? Why didn't he come back when I called?
（李尔、数名卫兵以及假扮作仆人的肯特上场。）凯厄斯，我将考验你一下。如果你
能证明
你擅长你的差使，我会留你作我的仆人。（奥斯瓦尔德上场）嗨，叫你。我女儿在什
么地方？
（奥斯瓦尔德不理睬李尔王，匆忙走出房间。）嗨，怎么搞的？他回来。他聋了吗？
（一名
卫兵追着奥斯瓦尔德冲了出去。）好像整个世界都睡着了。（卫兵重新上场。）那个
仆人哪儿
去了？我叫他，他为什么不回来？
SOLDIER: Sir, he answered me very rudely and said he would not come back.
LEAR:
I don't believe it!
SOLDIER: Sir, I am sorry, to tell you this, but it seems to me that you are not
being treated with
the respect due to a king. Everyone here, including your daughter, is behaving
very
coldly towards you.
LEAR:
Mmm. I suspected the same, but I kept telling myself it was my imagination.
Please
tell my daughter I wish to speak with her. (Soldier bows and leaves. Oswald
enters.)
Ah, come here my man and answer me. Who am I?
OSWALD: My lady's father.
LEAR:
Your lady's father? Is that all I am to you, you dog, you slave! (Lear raises his
arm as
though to strike Oswald. )
OSWALD: I'II not be hit, my Lord.
KENT: (Kent kicks Oswald’s feet out from under him.) And you won't be
laid flat on your
back either, I suppose. Now get up and get out of here. (Oswald leaves.)
LEAR:
My thanks, Caius. I can see you will be a most valuable servant.
(Enter Goneril.) What's up, daughter? You always seem to be frowning lately.
GONERIL: Is it any wonder that I frown when your soldiers are continually
drinking and
fighting? I thought when I told you about their behaviour you would make
them
behave, but now I hear you have insulted Oswald. I do believe you are
encouraging
your soldiers in their bad behaviour.
LEAR:
Is this my daughter scolding me?
GONERIL: I have had enough of your soldiers. They are expensive to keep and
you don't need
them. Besides, their drunken behaviour and bad manners are disgusting. You
will
send half of them away. And unless you want me to get rid of the rest of them
too, I
suggest you teach them how to behave properly.
LEAR:
That's a lie. My soldiers are good men who know how to behave properly. I
won't stay
8
here to be insulted. I still have one more daughter. She'll scratch out your
eyes when
she hears how you've treated me. Men! Get my horses ready and collect my
baggage.
I'II leave immediately. I won't stay where I'm not welcome.
卫兵：陛下，他很粗鲁地回答我，说他不愿意回来。
李尔： 我不相信！
卫兵：陛下，我很难过地告诉您，您在这儿似乎没有得到一个国王应有的尊敬。这儿
的每个
人，包括您的女儿，对您都很冷淡。
李尔：恩。我也这样怀疑过，但我一直地对自己说，这只是我的想象罢了。请告诉我
的女儿
我希望同她谈一谈。（卫兵鞠躬，离开。奥斯瓦尔德上场。）啊，伙计，过来回答我
的
问题。我是谁？
奥斯瓦尔德：女主人的父亲。
李尔： 女主人的父亲？我在你眼里就是这个样子？狗奴才！（李尔抬起胳膊似乎要去
打奥
斯瓦尔德。）
奥斯瓦尔德：我可不会挨打的，我的老爷。
肯特： （肯特从下面将奥斯瓦尔德的双腿踢倒。）我想你也不会四脚朝天地躺下。站
起来，
从这儿滚出去。（奥斯瓦尔德下。）
李尔： 多谢了，凯厄斯。找看出来你将会是个最有用的仆人。（贡纳莉上。）怎么啦，
女儿？
近来你似乎总是皱着眉头。
贡纳莉：我皱眉有什么好奇怪的？你的卫兵老是酗酒斗殴。我本来以为告诉你他们的
行径之
后，你会纠正他们的。但现在我倒是听说你辱骂了奥斯瓦尔德。我真的相信你是在
纵容你的那些举止不良的卫兵。
李尔： 这难道是我的女儿在斥责我吗？
贡纳莉：我烦透了你的士兵了。保留他们很费钱，而且你也不需要他们。此外，他们
醉醺醺
的举止和不礼貌的行为让人感到恶心。你要把他们遣送一半。你要是不想让我把剩
下的士兵也赶走的话，我说你还是教教他们遵守规矩的好。
李尔： 一派谎言。我的卫兵们很优秀，他们知道怎样举止得当。我不想呆在这里受辱。
我
还有一个女儿。她若知道你是如何待我的，她一定会把你的眼珠子抠出来的。伙计们！
把马备好，收拾好行李，我马上就走。我不想呆在不受欢迎的地方。
第三单元
Unit 3 Reading
THE START OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
民权运动的开端
Sunday, December 4th, 1955
Today we went to church where our minister, Martin Luther King, Jr,
announced that a boycott of
the buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow. I’ve always hated having to
sit in the worst seats
on the bus so I’m happy to support it. Dr King encourages us to fight against
this unfair system
which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like. It is regarded as an
offence if we sit at the
front of a bus and if we break this law, we receive a heavy punishment. But on
Thursday, I’m glad
to say, this unjust separation of people on the basis of skin color was
challenged. A black lady,
9
Rosa Parks, got on board a city bus and sat in the fifth row with three
other blacks. Gradually the
seats for whites filled until one white man remained standing. By law he could
not sit with Rosa
and by tradition blacks were expected to move. All four were asked to stand.
The other three
submitted but Rosa was unwilling to do so and she refused. She was arrested.
How brave she was!
I’m not sure if I would have had enough courage to refuse like that.
King and the other black leaders in Montgomery have seized on this
incident and decided on a
collision course to change the law They’re hopeful that they can negotiate a
fairer situation if all
the blacks support them. But I do worry about what will happen tomorrow.
Will it be chaos?
1955 年12 月4 日星期日
今天我们去教堂，牧师马丁·路德·金宣布：从明天开始抵制公交车和无轨电车。我
一
向痛恨必须坐在公交车最差的座位上，所以我很高兴支持这项举动。金博士鼓励我们
同这个
禁止我们黑人随意就坐的不公平的制度作斗争。如果我们坐在公交车前面的座位上，
就会被
认为是违规了，如果我们不遵守这项法律，我们会遭到严惩。但说起来我很高兴，在
星期四，
这种根据肤色的不公平的种族隔离受到了挑战。一位名叫罗莎·帕克斯的黑人女士上了
一辆
城市公交车，她同其他三位黑人坐在第五排。专供白人坐的座位渐渐地坐满了人，直
到有一
个白人男子一直站着。根据法律，他不能同罗莎坐在一起，而且根据传统习惯，黑人
要让出
座位。四个人都被要求站起来。另外三个人屈从了，而罗莎不愿意这样做，她拒绝站
起来。
她被捕了。她太勇敢了！我不太肯定自己是否有足够的勇气像她那样拒绝让座。
金和蒙哥马利市的其他黑人领袖抓住这起事件，决定用抗争的方式来改变这项法律。
他
们满怀信心，如果全体黑人都支持他们，他们可以通过谈判而赢得一个较为公平的局
面。但
是，实在担心明天会发生什么。会是一片混乱吗？
th
December 5, 1955
This morning, I yawned as I woke even earlier than usual, but my sister,
Serena was already up.
She urged me to dress quickly and to wear my most comfortable sandals.
Immediately I jumped
out of bed. I like to be punctual for work and no boycott is going to make me
late. By coincidence
a bus arrived as we reached the empty bus stop, but we ignored it . Normally
we would have been
only too happy, as it would have guaranteed us a seat for the whole journey.
But not today! Taxis
passed all full of passengers as we pedestrians marched on the pavement.
Those in the cars waved
and we saluted them back. The whites, on the other hand, shouted abuse at
us. We felt their
hostility but it only made us firmer in our resolve. Luckily when I felt I could
walk no further, a
black taxi driver offered us a lift. It seemed like an answer to a prayer! No
chaos after all and I
even arrived at work on time!
The boycott continued very successfully for a year. Maryann Jones became
accustomed to
travelling to work without the bus. Meanwhile the hostility of the whites grew.
1955 年12 月5 日
今天早晨我哈欠连连，因为我比往常醒得还要早，但是我妹妹塞雷娜已经起床了。
她催
促我快点穿衣服，穿上最舒适的便鞋。我马上从床上跳了下来。我是喜欢准时上班的，
抵制
公交车不会使我迟到。碰巧的是，当我们到达空荡荡的公交车站时，一辆公交车过来
了，但
我们未加理睬。通常情况下，我们只会欣喜若狂，因为这会保证我们全程都有座位。
但今天
不同了！当我们这些步行者在人行道上行进时，满载乘客的出租车从我们身边驶了过
去。车
上的人向我们挥手，我们向他们致意。而另一方面，白人们大声咒骂我们。我们感觉
到了他
们的敌意，但这只会使我们的决心更加坚定。庆幸的是，就在我感到再也走不动的时
候，一
位黑人出租车司机让我们搭了一段车。这似乎像是对祈祷的回报！最终没有任何混乱，
我甚
10
至按时上了班！
抵制运动非常成功地持续了一年。玛丽安·琼斯已习惯于不乘坐公交车而步行去上班。
然而，白人们的敌意也在不断上升。
January 25th, 1956
What excitement! Serena came home to say that the news that the boycott
was over was going
to be all over the newspapers tomorrow. I was eager to know the result.
“It’s not true,” she
shouted at me. “It’s just a story made up by the whites to stop our
campaign. We’ve been too
successful for them . Martin Luther King, Jr came and told me himself that it
was just a trick.
We must continue till we win.” I’ve never seen her as angry as that, so I kept
quiet. Maybe
white businesses are suffering now since we don’t shop downtown anymore.
But it must mean
we’re winning. I won’t mind my tired feet tomorrow. I wonder whether
they’ll try other tricks?
They did. The houses of Martin Luther King, Jr and the other leaders were
bombed. But this
did not stop the boycott. Encouraged by a Supreme Court decision that public
education must be
mixed nationwide, the leaders went to court to argue against separation on
buses. It was not until
November 13, 1956 that the US Supreme Court declared separation on buses
was not
constitutional.
1956 年1 月25 日
太激动了！塞雷娜回家说，结束抵制的消息明天将会登上所有的报纸。我急于想知
道结
果。“这不是真的。”她对我大声嚷道：“这只是白人编造的故事，想叫我们停止运
动。对他
们来说，我们太成功了。马丁·路德·金亲自来告诉我，这只是一个诡计。我们必须坚持
下
去，直到获胜。”我从未看到她那样生气过，所以我保持沉默。或许现在白人的商店
正在遭
受损失，因为我们再也不到市区去购物了。但这肯定意味着我们正在获胜。我不在乎
明天双
脚疲惫。我寻思着，他们会不会再耍其它花招？
他们真的那样干了。马丁·路德·金和其他领袖的房屋遭到了炸弹袭击。但这并未使
抵
制停了下来。这些黑人领袖受到了最高法院一项裁决的鼓舞，这项裁决规定全国范围
内的公
共教育必须要实施不同种族混校。于是他们上法院据理力争，反对公交车上的种族隔
离。直
到1956 年11 月13 日，美国最高法院才判定公交车上的种族隔离不符合宪法。
November 13th, 1956
Today is a red-letter day! In court we won a fundamental victory in the battle
for our civil rights. If
black and white students must now be educated together. why should people
be seated in buses
according to the color of their skin? The Supreme Court agreed it was wrong,
so from now on
we’ll be able to sit where we like on buses. My happiness is complete! We
may only have struck
one small blow for liberty but who knows where it'll lead?
1956 年11 月13 日
今天真是值得纪念的一天！在法庭上，我们赢得了民权斗争中的一场根本性的胜利。
如
果黑人学生和白人学生现在必须在一起接受教育的话，那么为什么在公交车上人们就
应该根
据肤色来就座呢？最高法院认为这是错误的，所以从今往后我们将可以在公交车上坐
我们喜
欢坐的地方。我感到无比欢欣鼓舞！我们也许为自由仅仅进行了一次小的斗争，但谁
能知道
这一斗争会将我们引向何方呢？
Maryann Jones was right. The success of the Montgomery bus boycott began
the Civil Rights
Movement that led to the improvement of conditions for black people in
education, housing, jobs,
11
voting and hotels throughout the USA.
玛丽安·琼斯说对了。蒙哥马利市抵制公交车的成功开启了民权运动的先声，而民权运
动带
来了全美国的黑人在教育、住房、工作、投票选举和旅馆住宿等方面状况的改善。
Unit 3 Using Language
“I HAVE A DREAM”
“我有一个梦想”
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true
meaning of its creed:
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former
slaves and the sons
of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of
brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, (a state where
justice is difficult to
find if you are black,) will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where
they will not be
judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day that even in Alabama where white people
speak so fiercely
against blacks …right there in Alabama black boys and girls will be able to join
hands with white
boys and girls as sisters and brothers.
我有一个梦想，那就是有一天这个国家会站起，并实现其信条的真谛：“我们认
为这
些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等。”
我有一个梦想，那就是有一天在佐治亚州的红色山冈上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔
日奴
隶主的儿子同席而坐，共叙兄弟情谊。
我有一个梦想，那就是有一天甚至密西西比州（这是黑人难以寻觅到正义的一个州）
也将
变成自由和正义的绿洲。
我有一个梦想，那就是有一天我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他
们的
品格优劣来评价他们的国度里生活。
我有一个梦想，那就是有一天甚至在白人极端排斥黑人的阿拉巴马州……，就在那
里黑
人儿童将能与白人儿童情同骨肉，携手并进。
This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this
faith we will be
able to cut a stone of hope from the mountain of despair. With this faith we
will be able to
transform the unpleasant sounds of our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood. With this
faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together,
to go to jail together,
to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This
will be the day, this
will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new
meaning "My country,
sweet land of liberty -- to you I sing. Land where my father died, from every
mountain, let
freedom ring!"
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let
freedom ring …
这就是我们的希望。这就是我返回南方时所带的信念。带着这种信念，我们就能够从
绝望
之山上切下一块希望之石。带着这种信念，我们就能够把我们国家中令人不快的声音
变成一
曲优美的兄弟情谊的交响乐。带着这种信念，我们就能够一起工作、一起祈祷、一起
斗争、
一起坐牢、一起捍卫自由，我们知道终有一天我们将会获得自由。这将会是这样的日
子，在
12
这一天里所有上帝的儿女将能够以全新的意义歌唱“我的祖国，甜蜜的自由之邦
——为了你，
我歌唱。我父亲长眠的土地，从每座山上，让自由回荡！”
如果美国要成为一个伟大的国家，这必须成为现实。所以让自由回荡……
Let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom to
ring -- when we let it
ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we
will be able to speed
up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and
Gentiles, Protestants
and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old
Negro spiritual: "Free at
last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
让自由回荡。当这实现时，当我们让自由回荡时——当我们让自由响彻于每座大小
村庄，
响彻于每个州和每个城市时，我们将会加速那一天的到来。那时上帝所有的儿女，不
管是黑
人还是白人，犹太人还是非犹太人，新教徒还是天主教徒，都将携手同唱那首古老的
黑人圣
歌：“终于自由啦！终于自由啦！感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由啦！”
第四单元
Unit 4 Reading
HOW TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL READER
如何成为一名成功的阅读者
Most people agree that the best way to improve your skills in any endeavour
is to practise, practise
and then practise some more. This applies equally to playing sports or
becoming a good musician,
painter or doctor. Of course, natural talent also plays a part in high
achievement, but learning the
correct techniques and then practising them will improve anyone's
performance.
1．熟能生巧。
大多数人认为努力改进技能的最佳方式就是实践、实践、再实践。这同样适用于进
行体
育运动、当一名优秀的音乐家、画家或者医生。当然，人的天赋对取得重要成就也发
挥作用，
但是学会运用恰当的技巧，然后再加以实践将会提高人的工作成绩。
The same principle applies to competent readers. There are certain techniques
you can learn and
then it is up to you to practise, practise and practise. The texts you choose to
practise with should
not be too difficult or you will soon get frustrated and bored. One way to test
whether a text is at
the right level is to read the first page. If the percentage of new words is
higher than 3%, you will
not be able to read the text easily and so will probably not enjoy it.
Reading will also be more enjoyable if the subject interests you or you
believe it is useful. For
example, suppose in biology you were studying how plants reproduce, then
you could find an
English text about this on the Internet. That way you would be practising
reading in English as
well as studying biology.
2.让阅读训练趣味化。
上述原则同样适用于能力强的读者。有某些技巧可供你学习，然后全靠你自己去练
习、
练习、再练习了。选择阅读训练的课文不应太难，否则的话，很快就会产生受挫感并
觉得乏
味。检测一篇课文是否难度适中的一种方法是阅读该课文的第一页。如果生词的比例
高于
3%，这篇课文读起来就不会轻松，所以很可能你不会喜欢它。
如果课文主题让你感兴趣，或者你相信它有用，这时阅读也将更加有趣。例如：假
设在
13
生物学中，你正在研究植物如何繁衍，那你会在因特网上找到有关这方面的英语
文章。那样
的话你就一方面在练习英语阅读，同时也在学习生物了。
If you wanted to become a champion high jumper but your jumping
technique was all wrong, even
if you practised for a long time, you would probably never become really
good at it. It is the same
with reading. Some methods of reading are more efficient than others, so it is
a good idea to use
the same techniques as good readers do. Some of the techniques of good
readers are discussed
below.
学习优秀阅读者的技巧。
如果你想当一名跳高冠军，然而你的跳高技巧完全不正确，这样即使你练习了很长
时间，
很可能你永远也不会跳出好成绩。阅读也同样如此。一些阅读方法比其它方法更加有
效，所
以使用与优秀读者相同的技巧是一个好办法。以下讨论优秀读者的一些技巧。
It is much easier to understand a text if you already know something about
the subject or the
the reading texts in this book. Some pre-reading activities ask you to recall
your knowledge
about the subject, some teach you a few of the new words you will find in the
text, some ask you
to glance at the way the text is organized. When there are no pre-reading
questions, a good reader
asks himself or herself pre-reading questions such as:
What is the title of this text?
What do the sub-headings/pictures/diagrams/captions tell me about the
text?
What is the text going to be about?
What do I already know about this topic?
仔细阅读之前，优秀读者预习课文。
在开始阅读之前，如果对文章的主题或结构有所了解的话，理解这篇文章将会容易得
多。这
也是为什么本书许多阅读课文前有读前活动的原因。有些读前活动要求你回忆与主题
有关的
知识，有些教你几个将在课文中出现的生词，有些要求你浏览一下课文的组织结构。
当没
有读前问题时，优秀的读者会自问如下这些问题：
●课文的标题是什么？
●小标题／插图／图表／图片说明文字可以告诉我课文的什么内容？
●课文将要谈论什么？
●关于这个话题我已经知道些什么？
While reading, a good reader thinks about the content and asks questions or
makes comments in
his or her head. For example:
That's interesting/important!
I didn't know that! What does that mean?
I don't agree with that.
Yes, I read the same thing in another book.
I wonder what the author will say next.
优秀阅读者积极主动而非消极被动地阅读。
阅读的时候，优秀的读者会思考文章的内容，并在脑海里提问或发表评论。例如：
太有意思了／太重要了！
我竟然不知道！那是什么意思？
我不同意那种看法。
14
是的，我在另一本书中读过同样的东西。
我想知道作者下一步会说些什么。
Think about the way you read different types of text in your own language. As
Francis Bacon
once said. "Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some
few to be chewed and
digested." For some purposes you need to read every word of the text. For
other tasks such as
finding certain facts you can read much faster, slowing down to read more
carefully only when
you see a sentence that might be relevant to your task. You will read more
efficiently if you keep
in mind the purpose for your reading and then read in a way that will best
help you to achieve this
purpose.
优秀阅读者根据阅读的目的采用不同方法阅读。
想一想用母语阅读不同类型文章时你所采用的方式吧。诚如弗朗西斯· 培根曾经所说的
那
样：“有些书籍只须浅尝，有些可以吞，只有少数需要咀嚼，慢慢消化。”为了某些
目的，你
有必要逐词阅读文章。至于其它任务，像查找某些事实之类，你可以快速阅读。只有
看到与
你的任务相关的句子时，你才放慢速度仔细阅读。如果你记住阅读的目的，并且以帮
你实
现该目的的最佳方式进行阅读，那么你的阅读将会更加有效。
Read the sentences in the box below and then see how many of the questions
beneath the
sentences you can answer. At this stage, do not look up the unknown words
or phrases.
Tom picked a tamarillo from the tree, cut it in half and scooped out the pulp.
He tasted it, and
found it was delicious.
1 Does Tom like tamarillos?
2 Do you have to cook tamarillos before you eat them?
3 What kind of food is a tamarillo?
As your purpose for reading these sentences was to answer the questions,
you can achieve
your purpose even though you probably don't know what “pulp” or
“tamarillo” is. However, you
can guess from the context that a tamarillo is some sort of fruit and its pulp is
something nice to
eat.
优秀读者不必懂得课文中的每一个词。
阅读下面方框中的句子，然后看看这些句子下面的问题你能回答出多少。在本阶段，
不要查
阅不认识的单词或词组。
汤姆从树上摘下一个tamarillo（新西兰番茄），把它切成两半，舀出pulp（果
瓤）。他尝
了一下，发现味道很鲜美。
1．汤姆喜欢tamarillos 吗？
2．吃之前必须要把它煮一下吗？
3．tamarillos 是一种什么样的食物
由于你阅读这些句子的目的是回答这些问题，所以即使你很可能不知道“pulp”或
者
“tamarillo”是什么意思，你还是可以达到你的目的。然而，通过上下文你可以猜出
tamarillo
是一种水果，而且它的pulp 是很好吃的东西。
We can all improve our reading. All it requires is plenty of practice using the
right techniques. One
way to know what techniques to use is to study the techniques that good
readers use and then
adopt them in your own reading. Very soon you will have developed reading
skills that will help
you with all your reading.
15
小结。
我们都可以提高自己的阅读能力。全部的要求就是运用恰当的技巧大量练习。知道运
用何
种技巧的一种方法就是研究优秀读者所使用的方法，然后在自己的阅读申加以采纳。
很快你
就会提高阅读技能，有助于你开展各种阅读活动。
Unit 4 Using Language
HOW DO YOU LEARN BEST?
如何才能学得最好？
1 I would rather hear a book on a cassette than read it.
2 When I am doing my homework, I like to hear music in the background.
3 When I go shopping, I would rather rely on a written list than on my
memory,
4 I like playing sports m ore than watching them.
5 It is a struggle for me to keep my room or desk tidy.
8 I like reading stories more than listening to them.
9 When I am spelling words, I try to "see" the words in my mind.
10 I like talking on the phone.
11 I love working with my hands to build things.
12 I often draw when I am on the phone.
13 I can express myself more easily when I talk than when I write.
14 I find it hard to concentrate when there are a lot of people talking near
me.
15 I like to follow a map rather than written or spoken directions.
16 I often know what I want to say but have trouble expressing it in words.
17 I read as little as possible.
18 When I remember something that happened in the past, I often see
pictures of it in my mind.
19 I learn about something best when someone explains it to me.
20 I find it hard to concentrate when people are moving around me or things
are messy.
21 When I am spelling difficult words, I often write them down to see if they
“ look right”.
22 I find it tiresome to sit and concentrate on anything for a long time. I
prefer to keep
changing activities.
23 I usually remember people's names but I often forget their faces.
24 I usually remember people's faces but I am often vague about their
names.
25 I remember things in a list best if I say them to myself.
26 I prefer to be shown what to do rather than be told.
27 When I am giving directions, I have a tendency to move my body and/or
hands as I speak.
28 When I am spelling difficult words, I often sound them out as I write
them down.
29 I like art more than music.
30 I enjoy reading.
31 When I am trying to solve a problem, I like to consult someone else
about it.
32 When I am learning to spell words, I write them down again and again
until I know them.
通过以下检测弄清你是哪种类型的学习者。只对你认为同你情况相似的句子打勾。
1．我宁愿听磁带朗读而不愿看书。
2．做功课时，我喜欢边做边有背景音乐陪伴。
16
3．购物时，我宁愿依赖购物清单而不是凭自己的记忆买东西。
4．我喜欢参加体育运动甚过观看运动。
5．对我而言，保持我的房间和书桌整洁是件费劲的事。
6．我知晓所听歌曲的大部分歌词。
7．在读或听的时候，我往往会在脑海中看到图像。
8．比起听故事，我更喜欢读故事。
9．拼单词时，我尝试在脑海中“看见”这些单词。
10.我喜欢通过电话交谈。
II.我喜欢动手制作东西。
12.打电话时，我经常画些东西。
13.我说的时候比写的时候更能容易地表达自己的思想。
14.当附近有很多人在交谈时，我感到难以集中注意力。
15.我喜欢按照地图而不是书面或口头指示（找到目的地）。
16.我通常知道我想说什么，但是用语言表达出来有困难。
17.我尽可能少看书。
18.当我记起过去发生的某件事时，我通常在脑海中看到它的图像。
19．当有人向我解释某件事时，这时我学得最好。
20.当有人在我附近走动，或者东西十分凌乱时，我感到难以集中注意力。
21．当拼读难的单词时，我经常把这些词写T 来，看看它们是不是“看起来正确”。
22．如果长时间坐着并集中注意力于某事，我会感到很厌倦。我喜欢不断变换活动。
23．我通常记住人们的姓名，但经常忘记他们的面貌。
24.我通常记住人们的面貌，但经常对他们的姓名模糊不清。
25.如果我把清单上的东西对自己诉说一遍就记得最牢。
26.我喜欢别人给我示范做什么，而不是告诉我做什么。
27.当我给指示时，一讲话我就有晃动身体和（或）手的倾向。
28.当拼读难的单词时，我经常一边把它们读出来一边把它们写下来。
29.比起音乐来，我更喜欢美术。
30.我喜欢阅读。
31．当我试图解决一个问题时，我喜欢咨询别人。
32.当我在学习拼读单词时，我把单词一遍又一遍地写下来，直至掌握为止。
现在根据下面的指示来看一看你是哪种类型的学习者。
第五单元
Unit 5 Reading
TH
THE RISE OF ENGLISH AUTHORESSES IN THE 19 CENTURY
19 世纪英国女作家的崛起
Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the
writing of
novels by authoresses? Clearly this restriction must have operated at a time
when there was no
equality of opportunity for women. Perhaps you think that discrimination of
this kind was in force
a very long time ago because, after all, it is a very old-fashioned idea. But you
would be wrong,
because it was a generally held view only one hundred years ago in England.
Even so there is
another twist to this story. In a strange contradiction, this period produced
five of the most
17
courageous and gifted authoresses. Those who got round this ban were:
Jane Austen, the three
Bronte sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Anne), and the writer known as George
Eliot.
你相信从前社会上存在着反对女子写小说的舆论吗？很显然，这种限制在妇女没有平
等
权利的时期肯定会起作用的。或许你会认为这种类型的歧视只会在很久以前才有影响，
因为
毕竟这是一种很落伍的想法。但是你弄错了，因为在英国仅仅一百年前，这还是一种
被普遍
接受的观念。即便如此，事情发展还是有所转折。在一种奇怪的矛盾状况下，这段时
期却产
生了五位最具勇气和才华的女作家。绕过对女子写小说的限制的人有：简·奥斯汀、勃
朗特
三姐妹（夏洛蒂、艾米莉和安妮），以及人们称之为乔治·艾略特的作家。
Jane Austen (1775-1817) was the first of these great women writers. She
produced six
completed novels, all of which deal with the problems and limitations of
women's choices. At this
time the only respectable career for a woman was to marry, so the dilemma of
her heroines' was
also to marry but for love. Her most popular novel has always been Pride and
Prejudice. In this
story we follow the lives of five sisters as they overcome obstacles to their
happiness and marriage
until all is happily resolved. But the appeal of Jane's work was not in its
content alone. It was also
in her refreshingly light and ironic style, evident from the first sentence of the
novel:
"Everyone knows that a single Man with a fortune must be in want of a wife. "
As readers, we know that this sentence is not really true but it represents the
opinions of all
mothers who have daughters to marry. It is making fun of those mothers
whose only wish is to
marry their daughters well.
After Jane Austen, authoresses found it an even more hopeless task to publish
novels under
their own names. So they chose to publish their works using men's names.
The three Bronte sisters
adopting this practice, Mary Ann Evans did the same and wrote under the
name of George Eliot.
Sceptical reviewers did not see through this deception and gave their
approval to their work.
简·奥斯汀(1775 - 1817)是这些伟大女作家中的第一位。她创作了六部完整的小说，
这
些作品都涉及到女性选择权的问题及其局限性。那时，女性唯一受到尊重的事业就是
嫁人。
所以她作品中女主人公也为了无爱情的婚姻所困扰。她最受欢迎的小说一直是《傲慢
与偏
见》。在这部小说中，我们跟踪书中五姐妹的生活轨迹，看她们克服幸福和婚姻中的
种种障
碍，直至一切问题圆满解决。然而，简的作品引入人胜之处不仅仅在于故事内容本身，
还在
于她那种清新明快而又带点讽刺的写作风格，这从小说的第一句就可以很清楚看出来：
“众所周知，凡是有财产的单身汉必需要娶一位太太。”
作为读者，我们知道这句话并不完全真实，然而它却代表着所有有女儿要出嫁的母亲
们
的观点。这句话就是在调侃那些母亲，因为她们一心要女儿嫁个好人家。
简·奥斯汀之后，女作家们发现用真名出版小说更加无望。所以，她们选择使用男人
的姓名来出版自己的作品。勃朗特三姐妹采用了这种做法，玛丽·安·埃文斯也同样如此，
她用乔治·艾略特作为笔名。生性多疑的评论家没有看穿这层伪装，而且对他们的作品
大加
赞赏。
Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) was the most famous of the three Bronte sisters.
Her novels
were revolutionary for the explicit way they described women struggling
against their restricted
roles in society. Her heroines are outspoken in expressing their feelings, while
demonstrating
honesty and conscience in their choices. Her most famous book, Jane Eyre,
describes the growth
of a poor, abused heroine with an unhappy childhood through to a mature
person who finds
eventual happiness after many struggles and disappointments. Being
immediately hailed as "the
18
masterwork of a great genius", Jane Eyre became a great success. The
book was a revelation after
the more reserved feelings expressed in Jane Austen's novels.
夏洛蒂·勃朗特(1816 - 1855)是勃朗特三姐妹中最出名的一个。她的小说具有革命性，
因为她的小说用鲜明的笔调描述了女性与其受社会限制的角色之间的对抗。她作品中
的女主
人公们坦率地表达自己的感情，而与其同时，她们的选择也显示出真诚和良知。她最
有名的
小说《简·爱》所描绘的女主人公从童年的不幸、贫穷且饱受摧残到成熟，她历经多种
坎坷
和失望，最后终于找到了幸福。《简·爱》一出版，立即被誉为“伟大天才的杰作”，
获得了
巨大的成功。同简·奥斯汀小说中表达的那种较为含蓄的感情相比，《简·爱》算是一种
直
接的表露。
The fifth premier authoress of this period was George Eliot (1819-1880). Her
novels examined
the morally ambiguous concessions people make in their lives in order to
succeed. In one of her
books, Silas Marner, the hero discovers a little girl whom he takes in to live
with him. Her own
father has already rejected her, because he fears he would lose his second
wife's love if he
acknowledges her - a mistake for which the couple both suffer.
在这一阶段的第五位女作家是乔治·艾略特(1819 -1880)。她的小说探讨了人们在生活
中为了取得成功在道德上所作的模糊的退让。在她的一部名为《织工马南》的小说中，
男主
人公发现了一个小姑娘，并带她回家与自己共同生活。小姑娘自己的父亲已经丢弃了
她，因
为如果他认自己女儿的话，他害怕会失去第二个妻子对他的爱——这是个让这对夫妇
都痛苦
的错误。
With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers, there
were also some
excellent male authors. Among them Charles Dickens (1812-1870) stands out
as a literary critic of
the injustices of his society. His novels describe the hardships of poor people
who did not possess
money or a sponsor to smooth their path. In David Copperfield, the hero
experiences suffering
before he meets his eccentric, kind and tolerant aunt, Betsy Trotwood. David
benefits from her
truly generous nature, and owes his education, wealth and happiness to her
care. Charles Dickens
is today confirmed as one of the great writers of the19th century. Although
his output was greater
than any of the authoresses mentioned above, his impact was not greater
than theirs. These women
having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th century
English literature
must include them.
19 世纪被认为是伟大的女作家人才辈出的世纪，这一时期也有一些优秀的男作家。在
这些作家中，查尔斯·狱更斯（1812-1870）作为社会不公正问题文学批评家是最为出
众的。
他的小说描绘了穷人生活的艰辛：他们或者身无分文，或者缺乏赞助人帮助他们铺平
前进的
道路。在小说《大卫·科波菲尔》中，主人公在遇到怪癖、善良、宽容的姑妈贝特西·特
洛
特伍德之前历经苦难。大卫得益于姑妈那真正慷慨大方的性格，在她的关心下，大卫
受到了
教育、获得了财富和幸福。今天，查尔斯·狄更斯是公认的19 世纪伟大的作家之一。
尽管
他的作品数量超过了上述的任何一位女作家，但是他的影响力并没有超过她们。这E
些女
作家由于创作了具有最高水准的作品，任何关于19 世纪英国文学的研究都必须包括她
们。
Unit5 Using Language
“THE PROPOSAL” FROM PRIDE AND PREJUDICE
《傲慢与偏见》中的“求婚”
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Elizabeth Bennet rnet and disliked Mr Darcy, a rich and handsome
landowner almost at once
for his proud ways and rude manners. When she meets him a second time at
his aunt 's house, she
is astonished when he proposes marriage to her.
伊丽莎白贝·内特见到富有而英俊的土地拥有者达西先生时，由于他态度傲慢，加之
举止无礼，她几乎立刻就讨厌起他了。当伊丽莎白在达西姑妈家再次碰到他时，他向
她求婚，
伊丽莎白非常惊讶。
After several minutes, he came towards her in a breathless manner. "In vain
have I struggled!
It will not do. You must allow me to tell you how much I adore and love you."
Elizabeth was
astonished and she stared at him silently. This was a signal for him to
continue. He spoke fluently,
but concentrated on her low social rank with a warmth which did not
recommend him as a
husband.
几分钟后，达西激动得气喘吁吁地向她走来。“我怎么挣扎都不行，不管用！你得允
许
我告诉你我是多么敬慕你、多么爱你”。伊丽莎白大吃一惊，一言不发地盯着他。这
是一个
信号，示意他继续讲下去。他言辞流利、语气热烈，但主要是说她低下的社会地位，
听起来
可不像要做她的丈夫。
At first, in spite of disliking him, she did not discount his affection, and was
sensitive to the
pain she was going to cause him when she declined his offer of marriage. But
as he continued in
his arrogant way, she forgot his feelings. He concluded by hoping that she
would accept his hand
in marriage. He spoke of his anxiety, but it was evident from his face that he
felt sure of her
answer. When he finished, she responded, "Sorry, sir. I can't marry you."
起初，虽然不喜欢他，她并没有漠视他的爱，而且还很在意拒绝他的求婚会给他带来
的痛苦。然而，当他以那种傲慢的方式继续讲下去时，她就忘记了他的感受。他结束
时希望
她能接受他的求婚。他谈到了自己的焦虑，但是从他的面部表情来看，很显然他对她
的答复
很有把握。他讲完后，她回答道：“很抱歉，先生。我不会嫁给你的。”
Mr Darcy listened to her words with great surprise. He struggled to control
the expression on
his face. The pause was dreadful. At length he asked, "And this is all the reply
that I am to have! I
might, perhaps, ask why I am refused so abruptly?" "I might as well enquire,"
replied she, "why
you told me that you liked me against your will? But there are other things!
Do you think that I
would accept the man who has ruined the happiness of my beloved sister?"
听她这样说，达西先生极为惊讶，他竭力控制自己的面部表情。这种停顿是很可怕的。
终于，他问道：“这就是我要得到的全部答复！也许我可以问一下，为什么我会被如
此断然
地拒绝？”“我也可以请问一句，”她答道：“为什么你对我说你是违心地喜欢我？
不过，还
有其它一些事！你想一想，一个毁了我亲爱的姐姐的幸福的人，我会接受他吗？”
At these words, Mr Darcy's face changed colour but he listened while she
continued. "I have
every reason in the world to think ill of you. You cannot deny that you
opposed the marriage of
my sister with your friend," she repeated. With assumed calmness he replied,
"I did everything in
my power to separate my friend from your sister, and I rejoice in my success."
"But this is not the
only reason I dislike you," she continued, "Long ago my initial opinion of you
was decided when I
was informed by Mr Wickham of his hardships."
听到这些话，达西先生的脸色变了，不过他还是在听她说。“我有足够的理由对你怀
有
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恶感。你无法抵赖你反对过我姐姐同你朋友的婚事，”她重复道。他假装镇静地
回答道：“我
尽自己所能，用各种办法来拆散我的朋友和你的姐姐，而且我对自己的成功感到很高
兴。”
“但这不是我讨厌你的唯一理由，”她继续说道，“很久以前，威克汉姆先生告诉了
我他的苦
处，我对你就有了初步的印象。”
"You take a special interest in that gentleman's concerns." said Darcy less
calmly.
"Who can help feeling sorry for his hardships?"
"His hardships," repeated Darcy angrily, "have been great indeed."
"He is poor because of you. He is innocent yet you treat his hardships with
extreme
unkindness," Elizabeth replied.
"And this," cried Darcy as he walked with quick steps across the room, "is
your opinion of
me! Thank you for being so outspoken. My faults are heavy indeed! But
perhaps," added he,
stopping in his walk and turning towards her, "if your pride has not been hurt
by my honest
confession and if I had flattered you, it might have been different. I am not
ashamed of the
feelings I related. They were natural and just. Could you expect me to
congratulate myself on
relations, whose condition in life is so decidedly beneath my own?"
“你对那位先生的事特别感兴趣，”达西说话不那么镇定了。
“谁不会同情他的苦处？”
“他的苦处，”达西生气地重复道，“确实太大啦。”
“因为你他才穷困潦倒。他很无辜，而你却极不厚道地对待他的苦处。”伊丽莎白答
道。
“而这，”达西大声嚷道，同时快速走向房间另一头，“就是你对我的印象！感谢你
如此直言
不讳。我的毛病确实很多！但是，或许，”他停下来转向她，补充说道：“如果我的
坦诚相告
没有伤及你的高傲，如果我阿谀奉承你，事情可能就会完全不同了。对我述说的感情
我并不
感到羞耻，因为这些是自然的和恰当的。难道你指望我会为有那些生活状况远比我差
的亲戚
而感到庆幸吗？”
Elizabeth felt herself growing angry. "You are mistaken, Mr Darcy. Your
rudeness when you
offered me your hand in marriage helped me. It spared me any concern I
might have felt in
refusing you if you had behaved more like a gentleman."
He replied politely and coldly, "You have said quite enough, madam. Forgive
me for having
taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for your health and
happiness." And
with these words he hastily left the room.
伊丽莎白觉得自己越来越生气。“你弄错了，达西先生。当你向我求婚时，你的粗鲁
帮
了我的忙。如果你的举止更像一个绅士的话，在拒绝你时，我可能会感到不自在，而
现在这
省掉了我的一切不自在。”
他礼貌地但却泠冰冰地回答道：“女士，您说的够多的了。请原谅我占用您如此多的
时
间，也请接受我对您健康和幸福的最美好的祝愿。”讲完这些话，他匆匆地离开了房
间。
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