必修I---1 Friendship
一、知识点
1. be good to 对……友好
be good for 对……有益；be bad to…/be bad for…
I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人.
It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地
方度假会给你带来很多好处。
The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商业
的发展。
be good at 擅长make good 有成就；成功as good as 实际上；几乎
等于
a good deal 许多，大量 彻底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink
喝个痛快
2. add up 加起来
add up to 合计，总计
add… to 把……加到…… add to 增加
Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加
起来，看看得多少？
Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.
Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they
offer help when it is needed.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是270。
You shouldn’t add fuel to the flame 你不应该火上加油
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的
夜晚更加生色。
The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors’ difficulties.恶劣的
天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。
Your friend can not go until he finishes cleaning his bike.
not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到
until 状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开
始，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。
They did not come back until eleven. 他们会在十一点后回来。
I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。
4. You had to pay to get it repaired
get sth done 使……完成/让某人做某事
5. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your
friend down.
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!
calm …down 使平息, 使平静
calm down 平息/平静下来
The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下
来。
It was a long time before he managed to calm himself down. 过了很
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
久他才努力使自己冷静下来。
We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.
我们试图让他平静下来，但他仍不停地哭着。
6. Tell your friend that you are concerned about him. be concerned
about 关心，挂念
He was very concerned about his children's education. 他很关心他
儿子的教育。
Please don’t be concerned about me.请别为我操心。
Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那
么关注他对她的工作的看法？
7. Your friend has gone on holiday and asked you to take care of his
dog.
go on holiday 度假
be on holiday 正在休假
What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together.我们大家一起
去度假那可太有意思了.
take care of 爱护，照料
take care 注意，当心
You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your
health. 你的体格不壮，因此最好注意健康。
8. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose. 在遛狗
的时候，你一粗心松开了手中的狗链。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句
的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be 动词省去。
walk sb home/ to a place: 为保证安全而陪某人去某地 It’s late ----
let me walk you home.
9. take one’s end-of-term exam 参加期末考试
10. 3) Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him
cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定语从句）
cheat in the exam 考试作弊
11. look at someone else’s paper 看别人的试卷
12. make a list of reasons 列举一些原因
13. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your
deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的
朋友吗？
14. go through 遭遇；经历；熬过；用光(钱)；获准，通过
It can go through the test of the time. 它能经受时间的考验.
She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her
family.
He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿为国家赴汤
蹈火。
15. hide away 躲藏；隐藏
16. I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people
do,…我不愿像大多数人一样在日记中记流水账，……
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Why don't you set your ideas down on paper?
We have had a series of stormy days when we were on the island.
The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察
让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。
16. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so
long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我
不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然
有关的事物都无比狂热。
17. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky,
the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me
spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的
歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
18. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in
order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.
有一天晚上，我熬到11 点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮
一次。
19. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a
window.但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。
She speaks French far better than I, so I don't dare talk with her in
French.
20. I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 黄
昏时我碰巧在楼上，那时窗户是开着的。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
sth happen to sb 某人发生某事
What happened to him?
sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 正巧 it so happened that 。。。
It happened that he was seen by his father. = He happened to be seen
by his father.
他碰巧被他父亲看见了。
As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in.
正当我打算出去找他时，他恰巧进来。
The street lights go on at dusk. 街上的路段在傍晚时分亮起来。
21. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night
face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
It is the first (second…etc) that… (从句谓语动词用现在完成时)
It was the first (second…etc) that… (从句谓语动词用过去完成时)
the first time 可作从属连词用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I
saw her, my heart stopped.
It was the first time that I talked with a foreigner face to face.
I think we need a face-to-face talk so as to clear the
misunderstanding.
I have often heard of her. Actually, I've never met her face to face.
22. in one’s power 处于……的控制之中
I have got him in my power. I can ask him to do anything I want. 我
控制了他，我可以让他为我做任何事。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
23. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature
is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已不再是乐趣，
因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
It’s no good/ use doing sth. 做某事时没用的。
24. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.
25. suffer from 患…病; 受…苦痛;遭受
Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam. 世
界上大多数大城市都交通堵塞为患。
26. It was such fun to watch it run loose in the park.
27. I’ve got tired of looking nature through dirty curtains and dusty
windows.
28. I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly.
29. Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.
with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常
作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
30. have some trouble with sb or sth. 在……上遇到了麻烦
I have some trouble with my studies.
31. get along … with sb/sth. 与某人相处怎样/某事进展如何？
If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can
write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相处上有问
题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
32. This has made me angry.
…he made her diary her best friend…
make 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、
过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式:
make sb. do sth.让(使)某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.(注意在
被动句中，不定式前要加to)
make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…We should do our best to make our
country stronger and more beautiful.
make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被…When you speak, you
should make yourself understood.
(4) make sb.+n. 使某人成为…
make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. We made him leader of our team.
(注意表示职位的名词前不加冠词)
He made it easy for us to understand the text.
33. I’m not good at communicating with people.
34. Although I tried to talk to my classmates, I still found it hard to
make friends with them.
35. I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how.
36. Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 琼斯先生单独一人生
活，常常感到孤独。
37. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给
我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客气
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
提出请求）
38. join in discussions and show interest in other people’s ideas
39. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好
习惯。
40. Why not have a try?
41.True friends are like wine; the older, the better.
42. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind
that blows from the sea.
43. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
二、练习
一）把句子补充完整
1. 你把所有的数加起来就会知道
You will know the __________ when you _______ ________ all the
numbers.
2. 我们努力想让他平静下来，但他还是激动地大叫。
We tried to _________ him _________ but he kept __________
excitedly.
3. 玛丽在医院里住了很长一段时间后，恢复了健康。
After a long stay________ _________ Mary ________
4. 李鸣在这里定居后，和邻居们相处得很好。
Since Li Ming _________ here, he has ________ ¬________ _____
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
_________ his neighbours.
5. 如果你不想和我在一起，你就收拾东西走人。
If you don’t want to stay with me, you can _______ _______ and go.
6. 战争期间，我受了很多苦。我用日记记下自己的经历，
以便老了以后能够记住。
During the war, I ________ a lot. I wrote my diary to
________ ________ my
___________, so I would __________ them when I was old.
二）填入所缺的词。
1.It was quite terrible. It took me some time to c______ down myself.
2.Parents are always c_______ much about their children.
3.True friends always s______ their sadness and happiness with each
other.
4.I'm terribly sorry. I didn't do it on p__________.
5. Some animals hibernate under snow, because there is much air in
l______ snow.
6. A_______ to the law, t_______ are not allowed to smoke or drink.
7. The old man went t_______ many wars and s_____ a lot from them.
8. After the terrible hurricane, the whole house was destroyed
e________.
9. If you have some trouble, you can go to the teacher for
a_________.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
10. By internet, we can c_________ with people all over the world
c_________.
11. By now, he has formed the h______ of doing some reading before
going to bed.
12. The r_____ he gave for his c_____ in the exam was simple.
三）选择填空
--- Mary’s got crazy and has been sent to the mental hospital. Did you
tell her boss about that?
--- Yes, but I _____ her husband first.
A. should have told
B. shouldn’t have told
C. must have told
D. needn’t have told
There was ______ time _____ Chinese used foreign oil.
A. a; when
B. a; while
C. /; when
D. /; while
3．It was because of bad weather __________ the football match had
to be put off.
A. so
B. so that
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
C. why
D. that
4.---Look! The telephone is broken. Someone damaged it ________
purpose.
---That may be right. But perhaps it was broken _________ accident.
A. on; by
B. by; by
C. on; on
D. by; on
5. What great trouble we had ___________ where his house was.
A. in finding
B. to find
C. find
D. found
6. Some students have trouble _____ grammar while others have
difficulty______ new words.
A. in; remember
B. for; to remember
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
C. on; remembering
D. with; remembering
7． I cannot spend ________ money on the car which is ________
expensive for me.
A. too much; much too
B. far too; too much
C. much too; too much
D. too many; much too
8．
catch the first bus, he got up very early this morning.
A. In order to
B. In order that
C. So as to
D. So that
9. There are altogether 6 people in the room, the baby________.
A. include
B. including
C. included
D. to include
10. The manager of the factory told us that very little ______ was
made of the waste material in the past.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A. cost
B. value
C. use
D. matter
11. There is no _____ swimming-pool in this school and the students
often go to swim _____.
A. indoors; outdoors
B. indoor; outdoor
C. indoor; outdoors
D. indoor; indoors
12. It is the first time that I _______ this kind of moon cake.
A. enjoyed
B. have enjoyed
C. enjoy
D. enjoying
13. When was it _____ your mother showed you around the West
Lake ？
A. until
B. if
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
C. which
D. that
14． In the reading room , we found her _____ at a desk, with her
attention ____ on a book.
A. sitting; fixing
B. to sit; fixed
C. seating; fixing
D. seated; fixed
15．I’m glad you’ve come; I am _______ telephoning you.
A. at the point of
B. to the point of
C. on the point of
D. in the point of
必修I--unit 1 练习参考答案
Answers
（一）
1. result, add, up 2.. calm, down, shouting
3. in, hospital, recovered. 4. settled, got , along, well, with
5. pack, up 6. suffered, set, down, experiences, remember
（二）
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
1. calm 2. concerned 3. share 4. purpose 5. loose 6.
according, teenagers
7. through, suffered 8. entirely 9. advice 10. communicate 11.
habit
12. reason, cheat
（三）
1-5 AADAA
6-10 DAACC
11-15 CBDDC
必修I--unit 2
I---II English around the world
一、知识点
1. go to the pictures 去看电影（美）；go to the movies 去看电影（英）
2. …list the countries that use English as an official language 列举把
英语用作官方语言的国家
3. the road to …通向……之路
4. at the end of 在……末端，在……尽头，by the end 最后（=finally）
5. because of 因为…… （注意和because 的区别）
Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
pollution.因为污染严重，许多美丽的鱼类正在面临绝种。
An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so
much.
争论是不可避免的，因为他们彼此非常厌恶。
6. native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人
7. even if (= even thoug)即使，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既
可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但是even if/even though,引导的从
句中不用将来时。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave
for Beijing.
8. come up 走上前来，走近，发生，出现 come up with 追上，赶上，
提出
9. Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and
communicate with each other.事实上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，
所有的语言都会有所发展、有所变化。
10. be different from… 与……不同
be different in … 在……不同
Most of my projects will be wildly different in performance from one
night to the next.
我多数作品每天晚上的演奏风格都各不相同。
As we know, Britain English is a little different from American
English.中所周知，英国英语和美国英语有点不同。
11. be based on 以……为基础The relationship between our two
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
countries is based upon mutual respect. 两个国家的关系以相互尊重
为基础。This book is based on a true story that happened in the 1930s.
这本书以发生在20 世纪三十年代的真实故事为基础。 The reporter
asked the writer who he based his character on. 记者问作家他作品
的人物是以谁为原型的。
12. at present 目前，眼下be present at 在席；出席present sth to sb
/ present sb with sth 把……推荐，呈现……for the present 眼前；暂
时present oneself 出席；到场
13. make (great/ good/better/full)use of
We have a lot of work to do, so we have to make good use of time.我
们有很多工作要做，所以要好好利用时间。
14. The latter gave a separate identity to Amerian English speaking.
后者体现了美国英语的不同特色。
15. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English
speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 比如说， 印
度拥有众多讲英语流利的人，这是应为英国于1765 到1947 年统治过
印度。(A small number of friends came to help him when he was in
trouble)
16. such as 例如
for example In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy,
girl, and book. 这一段里面有很多名词，例如男孩、女孩和书本。
Many great men have risen from poverty---Lincoln, for example. 许
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
多伟人从贫困中崛起，例如林肯。You can take your research work for
example.
你可以拿你的研究工作做个例子。
17. Today, the number of people learning English in China is
increasing rapidly. 目前在中学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。
18. the largest number of 大多数的
China has the largest number of people.中国有着世界上最多的人。
19. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as
a native speaker. 中国人说英语很难像以英语为母语的人说英语那
么流利。
20. One reason is that English has a large vocabulary. 一个原因是英
语有很大的词汇量。
21. different English speaking countries 不同的说英语的国家
22. sing sb a song = sing a song for sb
23. turn off
turn on
turn up
turn down
24. hold on 坚持住，握住不放；(打电话时)不挂断，等—会hold on to
vt. 拉住(抓牢)
25. believe it or not 信不信由你
26. those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
English 人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语
27. … you will hear the difference in the way（that/ in which） people
speak. 你会听出人们在说话时的差异。
28. play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角
色；参与
play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用
Deng Xiaoping played an important part in developing the economy
in China.邓小平在中国经济的发展过程中起着重要作用。
29. from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方
30. the same …as… 与……一样
31. … they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects. ……
他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。
32. No problem.没问题
33. a nice fall day = a lovely autumn day
34. at the top of…在…顶上，在最高位，
at the bottom of 在……底部
35. keep fit
保持健康
You need exercise and keep fit.你需要运动和保持体形。
36. build up 逐渐积聚，集结；逐步建立；增进，增强
bring up 教养，养育；提出
37. When you learn English, try to have fun with the language. 当学
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
英语的时候，努力找出语言的乐趣。
38. Visitors are requested not to take photos in the museum. 博物馆
要求参观的旅客不得在馆内拍照。
39. by candle light 借助于烛光
40. be satisfied with…对……感到满意，满足于
Never be satisfied with just a little success. 不要有一点成绩就满足。
41. She suggested using CDs to listen to English songs and learn
English expressions, watching the news and interviews on CCTV 9,
and trying to listen to native speakers.她建议用CD 来听英语歌曲和
学习英语短语，看新闻和中央电视台9 套访谈，努力听以英语为母语
的人说话。
It is suggested that ...有人提议... I suggest that ...我觉得[认为]
I suggested you do what he says. 我建议你按照他说的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天还是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他苍白的脸色暗示
了他身体不好。
42. at sea 在海上 当海员 迷惑, 茫然by sea 乘船，经海路
by the sea
在海边, 在海岸边 in the sea 在海里
on the sea 在海上
beyond/over the sea 在海外
She tried to understand the instructions, but she was completely at
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
sea.
她费尽力气想看懂那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。
43. according to … 按照…… He lives according to her means 他按他
的方式生活
二、练习
一）单项选择
1 Mr. Huang will ________ in the movement.
A. play a leading part B. take parts C. play leading
part D. take a part
2. We discussed where to go for a whole morning, but we decided to
stay at home_____.
A. at the end B. by the end C. in the end D. on end
3. _____ of the students who took part in the military training is 450.
A. A number B. A lot C. Lots D. The
number
4. Sometimes ________ English is quite different from _______
English in many ways.
A. speaking, writing B. spoken, written
C. speaking, written D. spoken, writing
5. Can you tell me if you have found the key ________ your car.
A. for B. to C. about D. by
6. When we visited Zhou Zhuang again ten years later, we found it
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
changed so much that we could hardly ________ it.
A. remember B. think about C. believe D.
recognize
7. It is so nice to hear from her, _______, we last met more than 30
years ago.
A. what’s more B. that’s to say C. in other words D. believe it or
not
8. They lived a hard life and were often made _______ for over ten
hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. to working D.
worked
9. Do you have any difficulty ________?
A. on listening B. to listening C. for listening D.
with listening
10. Please tell me the way you thought of _______ the garden.
A. take care of B. to take care of C. taking care of D. to
take care
11. Can you explain how it _______ that you missed the morning
classes?
A. came across B. came to C. came up D. came
about
12. China Daily is ____ a newspaper, for it can also serve as a useful
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
textbook for English study.
A. more than B. more or less C. less than D.
more and more
13. The leader of the factory told us that very little _______ was made
of the waste material in the past.
A. cost B. value C. use D. matter
14. The reason _____ being late for the meeting was ____ his little
son fell ill this morning.
A. for, that B. why, that C. for, because D. why, because
15. You made the same mistake for _____ second time,
dropping ____ “n” in the word “government”.
A. a, the B.a , a C. the, an D. a, an
16. The president, together with his bodyguards, _____ to the nuclear
station _____ there was an accident 20 minutes ago.
A. have come, which B. came, in which
C. has come, where D. came, in where
17.“Not all of the dinosaurs were dangerous”. This sentence
means ____ .
A. none of the dinosaurs were dangerous.
B. all of the dinosaurs were not dangerous.
C. few of the dinosaurs were dangerous.
D. no dinosaurs were dangerous
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
18. －He asked Tom, “Have you finished your homework？”
－He asked Tom ______ .
A. if had he finished his homework.
B. whether he had finished his homework.
C. if he had finished homework.
D. if you had finished your homework.
19. He realized she was crying ________ what he had sad.
A. because B. because of C. as D. since
20. ------You haven’t done it well.------ But I tried my best and did it
_______ the way _______ I think is the best.
二）根据首字母提示完成句子。
1．Mr. Wu doesn't like the W ______-way of life, so he came back to
our hometown last year.
2．She has a very large v____________ and she can read English
novels now.
3．His n___________ language is not Chinese but he can speak it
fluently.
4．Everyone went to see the film, me i_______________.
5．What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “g____________”.
6．The UN is an i__________ organization that tries to solve
problems between countries
7．In this part of the city, you can see ancient and m_______ buildings
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
next to each other.
8．It is the duty of a g_______________ to provide education for the
children of its countries.
9 ．I love working abroad and meeting people from different
c__________.
10．We are concerned about the p__________ situation in the Middle
East.
11．A_________, I’ve known Barbara for years since we were babies.
12．Jet Li has played lots of leading r_______ in Kong Fu films.
13．Though I hadn’t seen Lily for ten years, I r_______ her voice
immediately I picked up the phone.
14． Judging from his a_______, he must be from North East of
China next to each other.
必修I--Unit 2 练习参考答案
Keys
一）
1-5 ACDBB 6-10 DDBDB 11-15 DACAD 16-20 CBBBA
二）
1. Western 2. vocabulary 3. native 4. included 5.gas 6.
international 7. morden 8. government 9. cultures 10.present 11.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Actually 12. roles 13. recognized 14.accent
必修I--unit 3
I---III Travel journal
一、知识点
1.prefer
prefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说
Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一
套？
I prerer to go to America for my fruther study. 我更愿意选择去美国
进修学习。
Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting. 安妮更愿意我代替她
去参加会议。
1.
advantages and disadvantages 优劣
2.
How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常生活中他们是
如何利用它的
3.
flow through 流过，流经
4.
Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed
about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。 连词since 引导的时间状语从句用一
般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词语连用，副词since
后不用从句或词语。
It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)
自从……至今已经多久了。
since then 自从那时至今 ever since 从那以后一直
5.
persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.
即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。
6.
grow up in western Yunnan 在云南西部长大
7.
After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike
trip.大学毕业以后，我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行。
8.
It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire
Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄
公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。
强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下：
强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果
被强调部分是人时，用连词that 或who；如果被强调部分是物，只
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。
含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型:
① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分
+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it
that/who+句子的其余部分？
9.
schedual for the trip 旅行计划
10.
be fond of 喜欢，喜爱
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she
insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最
佳路线并不清楚，她坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。 （注
意1：Although conj. “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。拓展：
① although 从句多在句首， though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何
位置，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但是，不过”讲，而
although 无此用法。
② although 用来陈述事实而不用于假设，所以as though(仿佛，好
像)，even though(即使，尽管)中不能用although。
③ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装(将表语、状语、情态动词
后的动词原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。注意
2：insist 在这里的意思是“坚持要求”后面的that 从句用虚拟语气；
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
如果insist 意为“强调，坚持认为”的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的
时态。例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她强调她没撒谎。
另外，还可以用insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、坚持主张，如：She
insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly 她老是一大早
起来把收音机音量开大。）
11.
care about details 考虑细节 （The only thing he cares about is money.
他唯一在乎的就是金钱。
care for 喜欢，照料，照顾 I don’t really care for red wine. 我其实
并不喜欢红葡萄酒。
Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，谁来照顾
你的孩子？
12.
give me a determined look 给了我一个坚定的眼神
13.
change one’s mind 改变主意
14.
…she seemed to be excited about it. 似乎显得兴奋
15.
an interesting experience 一次有趣的经历
16.
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让
步了。Once 可作为从属连词，作“一(旦)……就……”解，连接一个
表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。
如：Once you have begin you must continue.
Once printed，the book will be very popular。
17.
It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across
wetern Yunnan Province. 它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西
部。
18.
It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains
where rice grows. 河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向生长稻谷的平原。
19.
He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他太
固执，没有一人能劝动他做事。
20.
A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how
hard it is. 不论工作多难，一个坚决的人总是努力地去完成它。
21.
My grandapa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the
river. 我爷爷喜欢钓鱼，有时他整天在河边钓鱼。
22.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.我喜欢
那件红色的衣服不喜欢那件绿色的，因为红色的更合我的身。
23.
The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.
音乐会顺利地进行，因为李佩组织地相当好。
24.
I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted. Finally I gave
in.我想付火车票费用，但我朋友坚持他付。最后我让步了。
25.
She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.她
说服了我们不做公共汽车而是骑车去工作。
26.
As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.由于
双方都不让步，那天没有形成决议。
27.
The task was difficult, but Helen’s determined expression let me
know that she would not give up.虽然工作很难，但海伦的坚定神情使
我知道她不会放弃。
28.
How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up
close. 我多么希望我能够进行太空旅行，近距离地看看星星啊。
29.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven
Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.第一次看
Steven Spieberg 执导的电影“ET”时，他就下定决心也要当一名导演。
30.
a large parcel of 一大包
31.
We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.我们要投保给一
切问题保险。
32.
Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.我们
的腿又冷又沉，感觉就像大冰块。
33.
Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at
us.一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看我们。
34.
However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked
wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。
35.
as usual 像往常一样
36.
At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through
clouds. 在某个时刻，我们发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
37.
We saw many sheep eating green grass. 我们看到羊群在吃草。
38.
make camp 宿营
39.
put up our tent 搭帐篷
40.
stay awake 睡不着，醒着
41.
at midnight 在半夜
42.
for company 做伴
43.
lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下
44.
We can hardly wait to see them.我们迫不及待地想要见到他们。
45.
Good luck on your journey. 祝你旅途愉快
46.
When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey? 当你出游
的时候问什么不记旅行日记呢？
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
47.
see the world through somebody else’s eyes 通过别人的眼睛看世界
48.
go in the right direction 走正确的方向
49.
The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.乌龟以很慢的速度行进。If
you pace yourself, you will be able to work efficiently. 如果你为自己
定好了速度，你就会高效地工作。
50.
be similar to 类似于
51.
afford to do sth 付得起，能承担
52.
be tired from
因……而疲劳
be tired of 对……厌倦
53.
be in high spirits 喜气洋洋，兴高采烈
54.
come true 实现，成真
55.
Ask them to give you some advice on improving it. 要他们就如何改
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
进提一些建议。
56.
a guide to… ……的指南
57.
on a tour 在游览中，在巡演中
58.
in detail 详细地
必修I--Unit 3
二、练习
一）单词拼写
1. At the party the foreign teacher was r__________ to sing some
songs.
2. He is a s__________ person. Once he has made up his mind, he will
not change.
3. Though we have learned English for two years, we can’t
communicate with native speakers p__________.
4. The goods will be t_______ to Hong Kong by ship.
5. I advised him not to join them. F________ he accepted my advice.
6. Being a fan of Liu Dehua, she buys every music r_______ that is
produced by him.
7. What’s your a_______ to wearing jewelry to school.
8. At last we were persuaded to _____________ (骑自行车)around
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
China.
9. Writing travel j_________ makes you think more and enjoy more.
10. I am so _________ (熟悉) with him that I recognized his voice the
moment I picked up the telephone.
二）选词填空, 注意形式。
record determine treat altitude change one’s mind
be familiar to give in dream bring up so far
1. Once she is determined to do something, it is impossible to get her
to____________.
2. Nowadays, many young children would like to bargain with their
parents when asking for money. Unfortunately their parents seldom
___________.
3. They insisted they ________ equally.
4. Pop songs _____usually __________ teenagers.
5. He was born in Shandong Province and _______ there.
6. She gave me a ___________ look, which suggested that she would
never make any changes.
7. She often _______ that she would become a famous singer one day.
8. They have been to seven European countries ___________.
9. After it leaves the high _________, the river becomes wide and
runs into the sea.
10. He won another gold medal as he set a new ___________ in the
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
100m dash.
三）单项填空
1. --- What’s that terrible noise?
--- The neighbours ____for a party.
A. have prepared B. prepare C. are preparing D. will
prepare
2. Last Friday when we were talking, I suddenly had ____ idea to go
on ____ hike in the valley. A. an, a B. the , a C. an, the D.
the, the
3. He insisted that we ____ there for the night.
A. stayed B. had stayed C. stay D. would stay
4. The road ____ be very crowded in the rush hour.
A. shall B. need C. must D. should
5. Once we _____, we should work hard until we succeed.
A. make up our mind B. make our mind C. make up our minds D.
make our minds
6. After the fighting, the enemy ____.
A. gave up B. gave out C. gave off D. gave in
7. The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep
valleys and ___ great deserts. A. on, across, through B. over,
through, through C. over, through, across D. on, in, across
8. Because of the _____, we can’t go high up to the mountains without
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
the oxygen tanks.
A. smelly gas B. cold weather C. high altitude D. frozen
water
9. Do what you think right; Never ______ what others say.
A. care for B. care of C. take care of D. care about
10. The twin looks _____ each other. It’s difficult to tell ____.
A. similar to, which is which B. same as, who is who
C. similar to, who is who D. the same to, which is which
11. Tom, who eats ____ little food, is ____ strong ____ he can lift the
heavy box.
A. so, so…as B. such, so… as C. so, so … that D. such,
so … that
12. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland a few
years ago.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
13. When the children were told that they could go to the USA with
their father, they could _______ to tell their best friends.
A. not call B. never wait C. hardly call D. hardly wait
14. What he said just now got all of us _______.
A. disappoint B. to disappoint C. disappointed D. disappointing
15. —Kayla, we are taking a boat trip to Hawaii tomorrow. Would
you like to go with us?
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
—That sounds exciting. I’d like to, but I can not. _______.
A. Have a nice trip B.I envy you C. Very sorry D. Good bye
16. China is a great country. For one thing, she has a long history
with much knowledge; _______, she is developing rapidly in her own
way.
A. second B. the second C. for another D. for other thing
17. Was it in 2002 __________ he was still at middle school
__________ the boy became expert at computer?
A. that; where B. when; where C. that; when D. when; that
18. ---Are you still busy?
--- Yes, I_________ my work, and it won’t take long.
A. just finish B. am just finishing
C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
四）句型转换
1. a. I insisted on his not giving up that job.
b. I insisted that he _______ ______ up that job.
2. a. Since middle school, we’ve had a dream that one day we will
take a great bike trip.
b. Since middle school, we’ve _______ _________ taking a great bike
trip one day.
3. a. They often help us with the housework.
b. It ______ they ______ often help us with the housework.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
4. a. To our surprise, we learned that half of the Mekong River is in
China.
b. We ______ __________ to learn that half of the Mekong River is
in China.
5. a. The Italian football team played well enough to enter the final in
the last World Cup.
b. The Italian football team played ___ well ___ it entered the final
in the last World Cup.
必修I---unit 3 练习参考答案
（一）
1. requested 2. stubborn 3. properly 4. transported 5.
finally
6. record 7. attitude 8. cycle 9. journals 10. familiar
（二）
1. change her mind 2. give in 3. be treated 4. are, familiar to 5.
brought up
6. determined 7. dreamed 8. so far 9. altitudes 10. record
（三）
1－5CBCCA 6－10DCCDA, 11－15CBDCA 16－18CDB
（四）
1. not give 2. dreamed of/ about 3.is…who/ that 4. were surprised
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
5. so…that.
必修I---unit 4
I---IV Earthquakes
一、知识点
1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大
地震。
“There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there 为引导词，本身无意义，
谓语动词按照就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有：
There happen to be 碰巧有
There seems/appears to be 好像有
There is likely to be 可能有
There may/might be 也许有
There must be 一定有
There can’t be 不可能有
There is said/reported to be 据说/据报道有
There used to be 曾经有
There is sure/certain to be 一定有
2.
happen to.
It (so) happened that…
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚
上发生什么事了吗?
What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up? 如果
彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将怎么办?
I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天
我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.
昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。
I happened to be out when he called. 他来访时，恰巧我出去了。(= It
happened that I was out when he called.)
I happened on just the thing I had been looking for. 我偶然发现了我
所要找的东西。
3. right away 毫不迟疑，立刻
He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了, 你应该立
即请大夫来。
4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 裂缝里冒出臭气。
5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous
to eat. 农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。
6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these
events, were asleep as usual that night.但是，这个城市的一百万居民
都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
从句表示“(在某人)看来好像；似乎”
① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起来好像…
② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear)
③ There seems/appears(to be)…(不用 look)
There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has
been a mistake.
④ It seems so. =So it seems.看来似乎是这样。
8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15 秒
钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。
9. Two-thirds of them died or injured during the earthquake. 三人之
二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
10. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more
than 400,000. 死伤的人数达到40 多万。
10. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the
ruins.有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。
11. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。该句为部分否定。
All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名词都表示全
部肯定；但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none
nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及 no+名词都表示全部否定。如：
① Both of them haven’t read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故
事。
② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
problem. 这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个人能解出这道题。
③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所
有的竹子都长的高。
12. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been
destroyed. 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
13. under the weight of
在……重压下，迫于
14. in the open air 在户外，在野外，露天
in the air 在空中，悬而未决
15. take turns to do sth 依次，轮流做某事
in turn 依次地，轮流地
It is your turn now.现在轮到你了。
No one is allowed to get his ticket out of turn. 任何人都不准不按次
序买票。
16. be shocked at
对……感到震惊
17. be proud of
以……为自豪
18. Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on
July 28
19. express one’s thanks to sb /for sth…
对/因……表示感谢
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
20. without warning 毫无预兆
21. next to 紧接着，相邻，次于
22. get away from…
避免，摆脱，离开
23. disarster-hit areas 灾区
24. raise money 募捐，筹款
25. Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only
when we understand what is said to us that we can have a
conversation with somebody. 听英语是一项很重要的技能，因为只有
当我们懂得别人给我们说什么我们才能与他交谈。
26. It is believed that on the surface of the earth are a number of
plates. 人们认为地球表面是一些板块。
27. hold up 举起；托住；支撑；使停滞;耽搁；提出；阻挡；列举，
推举；(理论等)经得住
Women can hold up half of the sky.妇女能顶半边天。
28. make up 弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆,补足,
拼凑
Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.农民只
占人口的一小部分.
The boy made up a story; it was not true. 男孩编了个故事，这故事不
是真的。
29. The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
won the competition.裁判把奖金颁给赢得比赛的自行车选手，并向他
祝贺。
30. The miners who had been trapped in the mine for two days were
finally rescued.被困在煤矿里两天的矿工们最后得到了营救。
31. The reporter recognized that the girl who was so frightened was
trying to avoid the question.记者意识到女孩很害怕，而且尽力地回避
问题。
32. The big fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks
from here. 大火摧毁了离这儿四个街区的两个商店。
33. I can’t express how I am feeling at the moment. 我无法表达我现
在的感觉。
34. It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling
furniture and bricks. 据说但是真实的，在地震中人们死于倒落的家
具和砖块。
35. be fixed to…被固定到……
36. be tied to … 被绑在……
必修I---unit 4
二、练习
一）单项选择
1. The rich_____ not always happy.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
2. About_______ of workers in that steel works are young people.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A. third-fifths B. three-fifths C. three-fives D. three-fifth
3. I’ve told him____________.
A. a hundred time B. hundred times C. hundred of times D.
hundreds of times
4. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ________ family was
poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
5. ________from his looks, he is a kind man.
A. Judging B. Being Judged C. To judge D. Judge
6. Instead of ________sights, Edison would spend the time
________in the public library.
A. seeing, to read B. see, read C. to see, to read D. seeing ,
reading
7. I work in a business _______ almost everyone is waiting for a great
chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
8. Hearing the old man’s report, the officer _______ from his seat and
said something must be done to ________ people’s living standards.
A. raised; rise B. rose; raise C. raised; raise D. rose; rise
9. __________ have known the results of the exam.
A. It seemed to B. It seemed to him to C. He seemed that he D. He
seemed to
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
10. How is it ______ he has made such rapid progress?
A. that B. why C. when D. the one
11. There were two buildings, _______ stands nearly a hundred feet
high.
A. the large B. the larger of them
C. the larger on that D. the larger of which
12. I’ve never been to Paris, but it is a place__________.
A. where I’d like to visit B. in which I’d like to visit
C. that I want to visit it most D. I most want to visit
13. Japan lies _______ the east of China. It is a developed country.
A. in B. on C. to D. from
14. 0
A. that B. which C. the one D. /
二）单词拼写
1. As a result of the accident, the e＿＿＿＿＿ has to be cut off.
2. We were s＿＿＿＿＿ when we heard of the news that they would
get married soon.
3. They began the r＿＿＿ work at once, as soon as the earthquake
happened..
4. The mother is very upset. I noticed her hand ＿＿＿＿＿. (shake)
5. It is u＿＿＿ to argue with him, he is too stubborn.
6. There were dozens of people i＿＿＿＿in the fire, and they were
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
sent to hospital immediately.
7. The balloon r＿＿＿ up slowly into the air.
8. Your hands will be d＿＿＿ if you play in the d＿＿.
9. The dead were b ＿＿＿ in the ground after the terrible
earthquake.
10. Earthquake is the most terrible d＿＿＿＿ in the world.
11. We should h＿＿＿ the soldiers who died in the war.
12. This is a s＿＿＿ about how to improve our learning skill, and it
was made by
Wang Guoquan.
13. The students are p＿＿＿＿ for the mid-term exam.
14. How many j＿＿＿＿ have been invited to the competition?
15. The city was completely d＿＿＿＿ by the earthquake.
16. Do you know who o＿＿＿＿＿ the meeting?
三）汉译英
1. 我谨向那些帮助过我的老师致谢。
2. 大部分矿工被救了出来。
3. 这座小城的许多房子都被暴风雨给摧毁了。
4. 地震过后，全村到处都是残垣断壁。
（一）
Keys1-5 BBDDA 6-10 DCBDA 11-14 DDCC
（二）
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
1. electricity 2. shocked 3. rescue 4. shaking 5. useless 6. injured 7.
rose 8. dirty, dirt
9. buried 10.disaster 11. honour 12. speech 13. preparing 14. judges
15. destroyed
16. organized
（三）
1.
I would like to express my thanks to the teachers who have helped me.
2.
Most of the miners were rescued.
3.
Many houses in the small town were destroyed by the storm.
4.
After the earthquake the whole village lay in ruins.( The earthquake
left the whole village in ruins.)
必修 I---Unit 5
I---V Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
一、知识点
1. A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的生命奉献给帮助别人的人。（He started to study
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究
生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门科学。He devoted himself
entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。）
2. fight against 对抗，反对，与……作斗争
We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反对非正义
行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志.
People often have to fight for their liberty.人们往往不得不为自由而战。
He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children.
他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。
3. He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese
soldiers. 作为一个医生他无私地在中国工作，并且拯救了很多中国战
士。
4. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s
rights; people’s livelihood.
他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。
5. be free from 免于，不受
A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必须不抱成见。
6. in a peaceful way 以和平的方式
7. be in prison 入狱，在狱中服刑
in the prison 在监狱
8. the same…as…和……一样
9. the first man to land on the moon 第一个登上月球的人
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
10. The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.
第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。（定语从句）
11. He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨
地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。（He is generous with his money.他花
钱大方。I am grateful to you for helping me.感谢你的帮助。Our grateful
thanks are due to you.我们衷心感谢你。）
12. have little education 受的教育少
13. I could not read or write well. 我既不会读也不会写。
14. I worried about whether I would become out of work. 我担心我是不
是会失业。
15. I became more hopeful about my future. 我对自己的未来充满了希
望。
（I am hopeful that she will come tomorrow. 我对她明天要来抱着希
望。）
16. as soon as I could 尽快， 马上
17. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping
our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we
have almost no rights at all. （定语从句） 过去30 年来所出现的大量
法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几
乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 （The 19th century saw many changes. 许
多变革发生于19 世纪。at an early stage in our history
在我们的历史早期）
18. …we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境
地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
19. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这
个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。（Only 位于句首，修饰副词、
介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，
只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。
如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.
只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。
② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三
次他才来参加会议。
③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时，他
才卧床休息。
Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误.）
20. as a matter of fact 事实上 （As a matter of fact，it is health that
counts. 事实上，健康才是最重要的。 As a matter of fact, parents don’t
want their children to be in trouble. 事实上，父母都不希望子女有麻
烦。）
21. In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings.
在1963 年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。（Can you lend me a pump
to blow up my bicycle tyres?
你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗?
Then it turned out that some stars, like our own sun will blow up one day.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
然后，事实上有些恒星，就像我们自己的太阳，有朝一日会爆炸。）
22. …I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and
white people equal. ……我知道这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等
的梦想。
23. in trouble 处于困境 遇到麻烦
Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.叫你怎麽做就怎麽做,
否则有麻烦.
24. be willing to do sth. 愿意，乐于Only very few people would be
willing to share with him their opinions.很少有人愿意跟他分享他们的
见解。
25. What was his attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced?
他对黑人面临的不公平处境什么态度？
26. turn to 变成；求助于，借助于, 翻到，转向
She had no one to turn to for advice.
她没有一个可以商量的人。
Who can I turn to in my hour of need? 在我需要的时候我能向谁求助
呢？
As they were out of work, Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives
for help.布莱克夫妇由于失业，不得不向亲戚求帮助。
27. … the quality of life for black people got worse. …… 黑人的生活质
量更糟糕。
28….many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
for human rights 很多人认为我是为人权而战的第一批积极的黑人战
士之一。
29. lose heart 灰心;泄气, 丧失勇气,失去信心
Difficulties were increasing. Even then we did not lose heart. 尽管困难
在增加，但我们毫不灰心。
You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.只要你不失去
信心，你迟早会成功。
If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going. 如果你失败
了，你也不该灰心。
30. escape from 逃脱，逃离，从……逃出
He listens to music as an escape from the pressures of work.
他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力.
He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention. 他呆在
幕后为了避开公众的注意。
The couple had a narrow escape from the fire.这对夫妻从火灾中死里逃
生。
31. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we
should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上我们本应该睡觉的
时候他教授我们。
should have done 本应做而未做
needn’t have done 本不应做而做了
can’t have done 过去不可能做过
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
32. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他
说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。
33. …but they did pass their exams. 但是他们确实通过了考试。
34. That made me feel good about myself. 这让我觉得自己还不错。
35. be better educated 受到良好教育
36. I didn’t work again for twenty years until the ANC came to power in
1994. 在非国大于1994 年执政之前，我有20 年没有工作。（After
Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their
best to change the unfair situation for black people. 曼德勒掌权成为总
统后，他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的状况。）
37. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.
我回忆起那时的所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。
After the attack , her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a
dog. 自从遭遇袭击之后，她每次看见狗，眼睛里都满是恐惧。
38. be proud to do sth.
I'll be proud to be part of it
我会以成为其中一份子而自豪。
be proud of sth
You should be proud of what you have achieved.你们应当为自己所取得
的成绩而自豪。
39. set up 创立，建立，为…作准备；竖立，架起，建造；开业，开始
经商
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
The company was set up ten years ago.
公司是十年前建立的。
He plans to set up his own business.
他决定自己做生意。
He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up. 他恳求我让
他加入我们刚建立的俱乐部。
40. be sentenced to … 被判处……
He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to death at once.
他建议所涉及到的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。
Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a
month ago. 罗伯特因偷窃被判处三年监禁，于一个月前被释放。
41. Do you have any thoughts on that? 你认为那怎么样？
42. to my understanding
按我的理解
43. He was in poor health in his youth so he had to be educated at home.
他年轻时身体不好，所有只得在家接受教育。
44. be accepted by … 被……录取、接受
45. give free medical care to people there
给那儿的人免费医疗
As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical
care.就我所知，在一些发达国家人们享有免费医疗。
46. He died from blood poisoning.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
他死于败血症。
47. At that time the war between China and Japan was under way.那时中
日战争正在进行之中。
48. Mao Zedong praised Bethune’s excellent qualities in this article. 毛
泽东在这篇文章了赞扬了白求恩的优良品质。
49. point of view 观察点；观点
It depends on your point of view.这将因个人观点而异。
50. compete with… 与……竞争
If you want to compete with someone, compete with yourself. 如果你想
同别人竞争，先同自己竞争。
51. advise v.
常用搭配
advise + n./pron.
advise + doing
advise sb. to do sth.
advise + that 从句（从句的谓语用“should + v 原”， should 常省略）
注：1）与advise 用法类似的动词如forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider
等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补（主补）时，宾补（主
补）要用不定式。
如：We forbid smoking here.（宾语，用动名词） We forbid you to smoke
here.（宾补，用动词不定式） You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补，
用动词不定式）
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
2）区别：advise（劝说）/persuade（劝服）
EX: 1)我劝过他，但未能劝服他。_______________________________
2) We trust you: only you can _____________ him to give up smoking.
A. suggest B. attract C. advise D. persuade
Keys: 1)I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him. 2) D
二、练习
一)单词拼写
1. Q_______ is more important than quantity.
2. After 4 years’ university study, he ______ his study for a bachelor’s
degree.
3. She is not only beautiful, but also well e________.
4. She did a very good job and got a r_______ from the company.
5. I hated being treated with v________.
6. The c_______ of life put an end to his life.
7. In our country people of or over 18 have the right to v________.
8. The event has put him into an embarrassing p___________.
9. Boys are usually not a_________ in English class.
10. He broke the law and was put in p________.
二)短语翻译(每空一词)。
1．刚开学的那天，我们的老师就给我们提了一些学习英语的建议。
On the very first day of school, our teacher __________ us
___________ English learning.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
2． 大多数下岗的人员都是文化不高的人。
Most of the people who ___ ____ ___ _____ usually have little
education.
3． 别灰心， 你会成功的。
Don’t _____ _____. You will succeed.
4. 相信自己，别相信他的鬼话。
______ ______ yourself. Don’t ___________ him.
5. 大学尚未毕业，他就创办了自己的公司。
He _____ ______ his own company before graduating from college.
6. 他从不为考试担心。
He ______never ______ ______ _______ examination.
7. 只有通过努力拼搏， 才能实现自己的梦想。
Only by working hard _____ you _________ your dream.
8. 我们决不能嘲笑那些陷入困境的人，相反，我们应该帮助他们。
We should never laugh at those ______ ________. On the contrary, we
should try our best to help them.
9. 他上台后就推出了一系列的改革方案。
After ______ ______ _________, he carried out a series of reform.
10. 他乐于助人。
He ______ ______ _____ ______ others.
三）单项选择
1. _____ out for the game. Some girls stay in the classroom, talking.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A. Not all the students go
B. All the students not go
C. Both the students don’t go D. All the students go
2. You can’t pass the coming examination if you ______.
A. lose your heart B. lose heart
C. lose hearts
D. lose your hearts
3. You can’t _____ until tomorrow morning after the blood examination.
A. not only eat but also drink B. either eat or drink
C. neither eat nor drink
D. both eat and drink
4. If my brother is allowed to go out, ______.
A. so I should B. so am I C. so should I D. so I am
5. He ______ prison two years ago and now he _______.
A. was put in; was set free
B. was shut into, is set free
C. put into, has been set freely D. was put into; has been set free
6. Only at that time ______ that he had made a lot of mistakes in his
homework.
A. he realized
B. did he realize
C. he did realized
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
D. realized he
7. This is the plane _______ he went to Shanghai ______ business.
A. where, for a B. by which, on the
C. on which, on D. where, on
8. —I can ’t see the words on the blackboard clearly.
—Why, your eyes need _____ .Perhaps you need _______ glasses.
A. to examined, to wear B. to examine ,to wear
C. to be examined, to wear D. examining, wearing
9.
Instead, he seemed to see Tom ’s face, with the wide smile he ______
whenever he told a joke.
A. wore B. brought
C. appeared D. carried
10. This is ______ that dog.
A. as a big dog as B. as big a dog as
C. a as big dog as D. a big as dog as
11. A new school was ______ in the village last year.
A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up
12. The number of the students in our school _____ large.
A. are B. is
C. am D. be
13. The road to the mountains _____ by the snow for almost a month.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
A. has been cut off
B. have been cut off
C. has been cut down
D. have been cut down
14. According to the time table , the train for Beijing______ at seven
o’clock in the evening .
A. leaves B. has left
C. was left D. will leave
15. We were all waiting for you. You _____for the seaside by yourself
without leaving a message.
A. mustn’t leave
B. shouldn’t have left
C. could not have left
D. needn’t leave
必修I---unit 5 练习参考答案
（一）
1. Quality 2. continued 3. educated 4. reward 5. violence 6.
cruelty
7. vote 8. position 9. active 10. prison
（二）
1. advised; on 2. are out of work 3. lose heart 4. Believe in; believe
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
5. set up 6. has; been worried about 7. can; realize 8. in trouble
9. coming to power 10. is willing to help
（三）
ABBBD
BCCAB
BBAAB
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【重点词汇、短语】
1. survive 幸免，生存，生还
2. in search of 寻找
3. select 挑选
4. design 设计，图案，构思
5. fancy 奇特的，异样的，想象
6. decorate 装饰，装潢
7. belong to 属于
8. in return 作为回报
9. at war 处于交战中
10. remove 移动，搬动
11. less than 少于
12. doubt 怀疑
13. worth 值得的，相当于…的价值
14. take apart 拆开
15. explode 爆炸
16. sink 下沉，沉下
17. think highly of 高度评价
【重点句型】
1. There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问…
2. when 的用法
was/were doing…when… 正在做某事…这时
was/were about to do… when…. 将要做某事…这时
had just done…when… 刚做完某事…这时
3. China is larger than any other country in the world. (同一范围内的比较)
She runs faster than any man in Greece. （不同范围内的比较）
4. the way 的用法
The way___ he explained to us was quite simple. (that/which/省略)
The way ___ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult. (that/in which/
省略)
5. worth 的用法
be (well) worth doing sth （很）值得做某事
be worthy to be done = be worthy of being done
It’s worthwhile to do sth = it’s worthwhile doing sth
6. “疑问词+ to do” 结构，在句中做主语、宾语、表语
How to do it is a question.
I don’t know what to do next.
7. it 做形式主语
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
It has been proved that pride goes before a fall.
事实证明骄必败。
8. what 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语
What he has said is of great importance.
What happened to him remained unknown.
【语法总结】
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明（注：通常和主句间
用逗号隔开，不受主句句子结构的影响，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立）
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别
区别一：形式不同
限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非
限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
区别二：功能不同
限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会
造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作
用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：
People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在
在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
区别三：翻译不同
在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而
把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
区别四：含义不同
比较下面的两个句子：
I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐
姐)
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
区别五：先行词不同
限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则
可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他
具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定
语从句。如：
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。
(which 指drive too fast)
He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很
生气。(which 指整个主句)
区别六：关系词不同
关系词that 和why 可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；
另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在
非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
Unit2 The Olympic Games
【重点词汇、短语】
1. compete 比赛，竞争
2. take part in 参加，参与
3. stand for 代表，象征，表示
4. admit 容许，接纳，承认
5. as well 也，又，还
6. host 做东，招待，主人
7. replace 代替
8. charge 收费，控诉
in charge 主管，看管
9. advertise I 做广告，登广告
10. bargain 讨价还价，讲条件，便宜货
11. one after another 一个接一个地
12. deserve 应受（报答或惩罚）
13. deserve 的用法
deserve to do sth 应该做/值得做
deserve doing = deserve to be done 值得… (doing 表被动意义)
Your suggestion deserves to be considered = deserves considering.
（ 用法相似的动词：need/want/require doing= need/want/require to be done
需要….）
14. take part in : 参加有组织的、重大的活动
join in 参加正在进行的活动
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
join: 参加团体，党派和组织，成为其中的一员（join the army; join the party）
attend: 出席，参加，后跟 meeting，wedding，class, course 等
【重点句型】
1. nor/neither + 助动词/be/情态动词 + 主语：表示“…也不这样”
I have never been abroad, and neither/nor has he.
If you don’t go to the party, nor will I.
2. So+情态动词/助动词/be 动词+主语 ：表示“...也是的一样的”, 强调后者同前
者肯定情况一样。
3. So+主语+情态动词/助动词/be 动词：表示 “的确如此”,对前面情况的肯定。
4. not only…but (also)… 不但...而且...
Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics.
(1) 引导并列结构：引导主语时，谓语动词 就近原则。
(2) 引导并列句时，not only 句倒装，即前倒后不倒。
Not only did they take photos, but also they had a bid dinner.
【语法总结】
被动语态
一. 概念：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承
受者。
二. 各种时态被动语态的形式
1. 一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are + done
2. 一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + done
3. 一般将来时的被动语态 ⑴will be done is/am/are going to be done
4. 现在进行时的被动语态 is/am/are + being + done
表示说话人说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，经常和时间副词now (现在), right
now (现在, 此刻), at present (现在,目前), at this moment (此刻)连用。
5.现在完成时的被动 have/has been done
现在完成时常与already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just 等不表
示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带(ever )since,
for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year,
recently, these days，many times, so far, by now, in the past/last few
days/years… 等。 6. 过去完成时的被动 had been done
7. 过去将来时的被动 would be done
8. 过去进行时的被动 was/were being done
9. 带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 + be done
10. 动词不定式的被动式 to be done
e.g. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
三. 注意事项
1. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态
happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last 等不及物动词或词组无被
动语态。
2. 短语动词、固定搭配变被动语态介词或副词不能省。
E.g. Time should be made full use of.
3. 双宾语：一个宾语成主语，另一主语保留不变。
E.g. Mother will buy me an iphone5. → I will be bought an iphone5 (by my
mother) .
→ An iphone5 will be bought for me (by my mother) .
Unit3 Computers
【重点词汇、短语】
1. solve 解决；解答
2. from…on 从…...时起
3. as a result 结果
4. so…that 如此…以至于
5. explore 探索，探测，研究
6. anyhow 无论如何，即使如此
7. goal 目标，球门，得分
8. human race 人类
9. signal 发信号，信号
10. type 类型，打字
11. in a way 在某种程度上
12. arise 出现，发生
13. with the help of 在…...的帮助下
14. electronic 电子的
15. deal with 处理
16. watch over 看守，监视
17. rise/arise/arouse/raise 的区别
单词
词性及意义
过去式
过去分词
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
现在分词
arise
(vi. )出现,发生
arose
arisen
arising
arouse
(vt. )唤醒,激起
aroused
aroused
arousing
rise
(vi. )升起,上升
rose
risen
rising
raise
(vt. )举起,饲养
raised
raised
raising
【重点句型】
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
1. certain 和sure 的句型
sb. be sure/certain of…= sb. be sure/certain that 从句：某人确信…
be sure/certain to do sth. 肯定会做…
It’s certain that 从句 肯定会
例如： It’s certain that he will succeed.=He’s sure/certain to succeed.他肯定
会成功的。
I’m sure/certain of his success.= I’m sure/certain that he will succeed. 我确信
他会成功的。
2. 主语+ be + adj + to do The question is easy to answer.
3. 状语从句的省略
在when, while, if, unless, though, once 等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主语
和主句的主语一致, 且从句中的谓语含有be 动词时, 为了使句子简洁, 可省略
从句中的主语和be 动词。
While playing in the snow, the two pandas had great fun.
Unless invited, he has decided not to attend that activity.
【语法总结】现在完成时的被动语态（详见第二单元）
Unit4 Wildlife protection
【重点词汇、短语】
1. die out 灭亡、逐渐消失
2. hunt 打猎，猎取
3. in peace 和平地，安详地
4. in danger of 在危险中
5. in relief 如释重负，松了口气
6. burst into laughter 突然笑起来
7. protect…from 保护…不受…之害
8. contain 包含，容纳，容忍
9. affect 影响，感动，侵袭
10. pay attention to 注意
11. appreciate 鉴赏，感激
12. succeed 成功，接替
13. employ 雇佣，利用
14. harm 危害
15. bite 咬，叮
16. come into being 形成，产生
17. inspect 检查，视察
18. according to 按照，根据
19. so that 以至于
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【重点句型】
1. succeed in doing sth 成功的做某事
succeed to sth 继承某事
2. under construction/discussion 正在被建设/讨论
in use 正在被使用
3. do harm to sth = be harmful to sth 对…有害
there is no harm in doing sth 做某事无害
4. be used to do sth 被用来做…
used to sth 过去常常做...
be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
5. It won’t be long before… 过不了多久…就会…
6. take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
7. with 的复合结构： with + n/pron + adj/adv/ 介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/
不定式
With a lot of problems to settle, she can’t go out. （将来）
With time going by, he is getting along well with his English. (主动，进行)
With the work done, he can go out. （被动，完成）
【语法总结】现在进行时的被动语态（详见第二单元）
Unit5 Music
【重点词汇、短语】
1. roll 滚动，摇晃，卷，
2. dream of 梦见，梦想
3. to be honest 实话说
4. attach 系上，附加
attach …to 认为有……（重要性、意义）
5. form 组成，形成，构成
6. earn 赚，挣得
7. perform 表演，执行，履行
8. in cash 用现金，有现钱
9. play jokes on 戏弄
10. rely on 依赖，依靠
11. be/get familiar with 熟悉
12. or so 大约
13. break up 打碎，分裂
14. in addition 另外
15. sort out 分类
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
16. above all 最重要，首先
【重点句型】
1. dream of/about 梦想做…
2. to be honest= honestly speaking = to tell the truth 说实话
3. form the habit of... 形成…习惯
in the form of… 以…形式
4. I would appreciate it if… 如果…我将不胜感激.
go wrong 出故障 come up with 提出 make up 构成；编造 a5. as is often
the case 情况通常如此
6. It looks as if it is going to rain.（真实语气：很有可能发生）
He treats me as if I were a stranger. (虚拟语气：与现在事实He talked about
Rome as if he had been there before. (虚拟语气：与过去事实相反)
【语法总结】
prep+which/whom 引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词后面的宾语时,有时可把介词提到关系代词的前
面，但这时如果先行词是人，要用“介词+whom”引导定语从句；如果先行词是
物，要用“介词+which”引导定语从句。且关系代词都不能省略。
Eg: 1. The girl whom I borrowed the bike from is my friend.
2. The girl from whom I borrowed the bike is my friend.
3. How is the film about which I often talked to you?
4. Is this the room in which Mr. Smith lives?
注意：一些固定的含有介词的短语动词在定语从句中不能拆开，即不能把介词
放关系词前。
1. This is the bag which he is looking for .
2. The old lady whom she is looking after is her teacher.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Unit1 Festivals around the world
【重点词汇、短语】
1. take place 发生
2. religious 宗教的
3. in memory of 纪念
4. belief 信任，信心，信仰
5. dress up 盛装，打扮
6. trick 诡计，窍门
7. play a trick on 搞恶作剧，诈骗
8. gain 获得
9. gather 搜集，集合
10. award 奖品，授予
11. admire 赞美，钦佩
12. look forward to 期望，盼望
13. day and night 日夜
14. as though 好像
15. have fun with 玩的开心
16. permission 许可，允许
17. turn up 出现，到场
18. keep one’s word 守信用
19. hold one’s breath 屏息
20. apologize 道歉
21. obvious 显然的
22. set off 出发，动身，使爆炸
【重点句型】
1. Please make sure when and where the accident took place.
请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。
2. Some festival are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who
could return either to help or to do harm.
还有一些节日，是为了纪念死者、满足或取悦祖先，因为（祖先们）有可能回到世上帮
助他们，也有可能带来危害。
3. In Japan the festival is called Obon，when people should go to clean the graves and
light incense in memory of their ancestors.（非限制性定语从句）
在日本，这个节叫孟兰盆节，在这个节日里，人们要上坟、扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。
4. They dress up and try to frighten people.
他们乔装打扮去吓唬别人。
5. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick.
如果你什么也不打发给孩子，他们可能会捉弄别人。
6. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
who helped gain India's independence from Britain.
在印度，10 月2 日是纪念马哈特马.甘地的全国性节日，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立
的领袖。
7. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end
of winter and to the coming of spring.
最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。
8. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be
covered with pink snow.
整个国度处处都是樱花盛开，看上去就像罩上了一层粉红色的雪。
【语法总结】
情态动词
定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义、但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给
谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应
该或必要等。
情态动词数量不多，主要有下列：
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will
(would),have (to) ,had better.
一. can 和could 的用法
1. 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。
注意：①could 也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应
用can。
②can 表示能力时，还可用be able to 代替。
2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）
3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯
定。
4. 用在疑问句及否定句中，表示惊讶，不相信等。
5. cannot…too...表示“无论怎样……也不过分”
二. may 和might 的用法
1. 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might 比may 的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you
can’t . or , yes, please 用mustn’t 表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意
思)。
用May I…征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can
I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。
3. 表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。
4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
三. must 和have to 的用法
1. 表示必须、必要。（must 表示主观多一些而have to 则表示客观多一些）
回答must 引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t 或don’t
have to。
2.“must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can 代替must。
3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。
它的否定或疑问式用can 代替must。
4. have to 的含义与must 相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to 有各种形式，随
have 的变化而定。
注意：have to 也可拼做have got to。
四. dare 和need 的用法
1. need 表示“需要”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must,
have to, ought to,或should 代替。
注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”
2. dare 作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用在肯定句
中。
3. dare 和need 常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词
时，在肯定句中，dare 后面通常接带to 的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare 后面可接
带to 或不带to 的不定式。
五. shall 和should 的用法
1. shall 的用法：
①shall 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。
②shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
③shall 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
2. should 的用法：
①should 表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should 代
替ought to。
②Why(or How) + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意
为“竟会”。
③“should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并
包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。
六. will 和would 的用法
1. 表示请求、建议等，would 比will 委婉客气。
2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。
3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人
称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
4. would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
5. 表料想或猜想。
七. ought to 的用法
1. ought to 表示应该。
2. 表示推测。注意与must 表示推测时的区别：
He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）
He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）
This is where the oil must be. （比较直率）
This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）
3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
ought 和should 的区别：
1.ought 语气略强。
2.should 较常用。
3.ought 在美国英语中用的很少，而should 却相当常用。
4.ought 属正式用语。
八. used to，had better，would rather 的用法
1. used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。
如：
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
2. had better 意为“最好”，后接不带to 的不定式。
3. would rather 意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to 的不定式。
Unit2 Healthy eating
【重点词汇、短语】
1. diet 日常饮食，节食
2. balance 平衡，天平
3. fry 油炸
4. ought to 应该
5. lose weigh 减肥
6. raw 生的，未加工的
7. get away with 被放过，（做坏事）不受惩罚
8. tell a lie 说谎
9. win…back 赢回
10. strength 强项，长处，力量
11. consult 咨询，请教
12. earn one’s living 谋生
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
13. debt 债
14. in debt 欠债
15. limit 限制，界限
16. benefit 利益
17. combine 联合，结合
18. cut down 削减，删节
19. before long 不久以后
20. put on weight 增加体重
【重点句型】
1. The food you eat helps you grow in different ways.
你吃的食物能以不同的方式帮你成长。
2. Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.
站在高楼的顶部，我们能看到整个城市。
3. Which food contains more sugar?
哪一种食物含有更多的糖？
4. What could have happened?
可能发生了什么事？
5. Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with him
as he always did.
要是茂昌不像往常那样和他一起吃饭，那问题一定严重了。
6. Curiosity drove Wang Pengwei inside.
王鹏伟受到好奇心的驱使，走了进去。
7. We were surprised at finding the house empty.
我们发现这个房子空无一人，感到惊讶。
8. They had me repeat the message.
他们让我把口信又重说了一遍。
9. I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
10. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.
他可不希望由于他的餐馆不再受欢迎而负债。
【语法总结】情态动词（详见第一单元语法总结）
Unit3 The Miliion Pound Bank Note
【重点词汇、短语】
1. bring up 抚养
2. scene 现场，景色
3. permit 许可，通行证
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
4. go ahead 前进
5. by accident 偶然
6. stare 凝视，盯着看
7. stare at 盯着看
8. spot 发现，认出，斑点，污点
9. account 说明，总计有，账目，
10. account for 导致，做出解释
11. seek 探索，寻求
12. contrary 反面，对立面
13. on the contrary 与此相反
14. take a chance 冒险
15. in rags 衣衫褴褛
16. indeed 真正地
17. as for 关于，至于
【重点句型】
1. Have you ever made a bet with your friends?
你曾和你的朋友们打过赌吗？
2. Did he help you by accident or on purose?
他是碰巧还是有意帮你？
3. I wonder, Mr Smith, if/whether you’d mind us moving your flowers outdoors.
史密斯先生，我不知道你是否介意我们把你的花移到室外去。
4. You’re about to hear the most incredible tale.
你们马上就要听到一个最难以置信的故事。
5. Permit me to say a few words.
请允许我说几句话。
6. After the rain, we went ahead with our work.
雨停之后，我们继续工作。
7. And it was the ship that brought you to England.
正是那艘船把你带到了英国。
8. I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounted for my
appearance.
我是作为一个不拿工资的帮手赚来我的船费，这就是我为什么会衣冠不整的原因了。
9. Dick found himself walking in the direction of the church.
迪克发现自己不知不觉朝教堂方向走去。
10. Even if/though he is very nice, I don’t trust him.
即使他很好，我也不太相信他。
【语法总结】
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同
的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一. 名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类：
1. that（无含义，不充当成分）
2. whether, if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分）
3. 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, which,whichever.
（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语）
连接副词：when, whenever,where,wherever, how, however,why（在从句中做状语）
4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句）
二. 四类名词性从句语法要点
1.主语从句
在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
it 作形式主语：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放
于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。
It is clear that he is innocent in the accident.
很明显，他在这场事故中是无辜的。
2. 宾语从句
在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
it 作形式宾语：在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型中，如果宾语是从句的形式，则必须
用it 做形式宾语，把真正的宾语即宾语从句置于句末。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
We found it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day.
我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。
3. 表语从句
在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。
The fact is that we have lost the game.
事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看上去天要下雨了。
This is because he has been working hard these days.
这是因为这些天他一直工作很努力。
注意：because，as if 和 as though 在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。
4. 同位语从句
在整个句子中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
同位语的含义：在句子中，如果有两个名词，并且后一个名词是对前一个名词的解释说
明，它们两个指的是同一个人或同一个物，那么，后面的名词就叫前面名词的同位语。
例如：This is my friend, Tom.（Tom 是my friend 的同位语。）
可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、
message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、
wish、word 等抽象名词。
The news that we won the game is exciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；
that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省
略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．
我不知道你在这里。
（that 无含义，that you were here 指的就是idea，所以是同位语从句，不能省略that）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you？
这本书给了你想法吗？
（that 指的是the idea，that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
三. 连接词that 在名词性从句中可以省略的三种情况
1.it 做形式主语，that 引导主语从句时
It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.
据说他一直在国外学习。
2.动词宾语从句中
I think(that) you have much to improve in English.
我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。
3.形容词宾语从句中
I am afraid (that) I will be late.
恐怕我要迟到了。
Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
【重点词汇、短语】
1. system 系统，体系
2. theory 学说，理论
3. violent 猛烈的，激烈的，
4. in time 及时，终于
5. unlike 不同，不像
6. harmful 有害的
7. lay eggs 下蛋
8. exist 存在，生存
9. give birth to 产生，分娩
10. in one’s turn 轮到某人
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
11. prevent from 阻止
12. puzzle 谜，难题/使迷惑
13. pull 拉，牵引力
14. cheer up 感到振奋
15. now that 既然
16. break out 突发，爆发
17. watch out 密切注视
【重点句型】
1. We usually think of science subjects as physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics.
通常我们认为科学学科为物理、化学、生物、和数学。
2. When are they to hand in their plan?
他们的计划什么时候交上来。
3. Whether we help him or not, he will fail.
不论我们帮助他与否，他都将失败。
4. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour,
carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s
atmosphere.
它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他
多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
5. It was quite different from what I expected.
它和我原来想的很不一样。
6. This made it possible for us to learn English better.
这使得我们有可能把英语学得更好。
7. Scientist believe that taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and filling the air with
oxygen helped life to develop.
科学家认为，从大气中吸取二氧化碳，并向空气中释放氧气，有助于生命的发展。
8. He has experience as well as knowledge.
他既有学识又有经验。
9. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere ,which prevents heat
from escaping from the earth into space.
他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中。
10. Whether life will continute on the earth for millions of years will depend on whether
this problem can be solved.
生命是否会在地球上延续几百万年要取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
【语法归纳】名词性从句（详见第三单元语法总结）
Unit5 Canada—“The Ture North”
【重点词汇、短语】
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
1. rather than 与其，不愿
2. chat 聊天，闲聊
3. surround 包围，围绕
4. measure 测量，衡量，判定
5. settle down 定居，平静下来
6. manage to do 设法做
7. catch sight of 看见，瞥见
8. have a gift for 对…有天赋
9. within 在…之内，
10. border 边界，国界，边沿，与…接壤
11. mix 混合，调配
12. mixture 混合物
13. confirm 证实，证明，批准
14. distance 距离，远方
15. in the distance 在远处
16. nearby 在附近
17. tradition 传统，习俗
18. impress 使印象深刻
【重点句型】
1. Canada is the second largest country in the world.
加拿大是世界上第二大的国家。
2. Success is within our grasp now.
现在我们成功在望了。
3. I’m feeling slightly better today.
我今天感到好一点了。
4. I prefer to play football rather than stay at home.
我宁愿踢足球而不愿呆在家里。
5. He gave me money as well as advice.（as well as 和；同；也)
他给我忠告并且给我钱。
6. These books are mine; the rest are yours.
这些书是我的，其他的都是你的。
7. I asked her a question but she remained silent.（ remaine 是连系动词，意思是“保持，
仍然是”)
我问了她一个问题，但她保持沉默。
8. Many people think it is the most beautiful city in Canada, as it is surrounded by
mountains on the north and east and the Pacific Ocean on the west.
许多人都认为温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，因为来自它的北面和东面都被大山包围，
而西面濒临太平洋。
9. Many of them have a gift for working with animals and they can win thousands of
dollars in prizes.
他们中的许多人拥有与兽共舞的天分，因而能赢得数千美元的奖金。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
10. You can have a view of Paris from the Eiffel Tower.
从埃菲尔铁塔上你可以看到巴黎全景。
11. Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada.
大约中午时分她们到了多伦多—加拿大最富有、最大的城市。
12. I accompanied him as far as the bus stop.
我陪他一直走到公共汽车站。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Unit1 Women of achievement
【重点词汇、短语】
1. human beings 人类
2. campaign 运动，战役
3. behave 行为
4. shade 阴凉处
5. move off 离开，启程
6. observe 观察
7. respect 尊重
8. argue 讨论，辩论
9. lead a...life 过着…的生活
10. crowd in 涌入脑海
11. support 支持
12. look down upon/on 看不起
13. refer to 查阅，参考，涉及
14. by chance 碰巧
15. come across 偶遇
16. intend 计划，打算
17. deliver 提送，生（小孩），接生，发表（演说）
18. carry on 继续，坚持
【重点句型】
1. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their
body language helped her work out their social system.
她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩
猩的社会体系。
△ work out 解决、解答、计算出；产生结果、发展；锻炼；作出、制订出
2. She is leading a busy life but she says …
她过着忙碌的生活，但是她说……
△ lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活
3. Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人。
△ look down upon / on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
You mustn’t look down upon/ on the disabled.
你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。
4. If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb.
如果group（作主语）指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数。
△ refer to 指的是：提及；谈到；提到；查阅、参考
5. By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in
women’s diseases.
很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是一名妇科专家。
△ by chance=by accident 偶然地，意外地
6. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？
△ carry on 继续；坚持
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
【语法总结】主谓一致
一. 语法一致原则
即在语法形式上取得一致，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语
动词要用单数形式。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
学习英语时大声朗读非常重要。
When they could finish the task is not known yet.
他们何时能完成任务还未知。
Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his/her name here.
要参加比赛的人请在这里签名。
注意：what 引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要以what 所指代的词的意义来决定谓语
动词的数。
What he said is true.
他所说的是真的。
What we need are more volunteers.
我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。
2. 由连接词and 或both … and 连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作
主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students.
他说的话及行为极大地鼓舞了其他学生。
Both his father and his mother are advanced workers.
他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者。
注意：有时，一些用and 连接的主语表达的却是单数的概念，这时谓语动词也应用单数
形式。
（1）用and 连接的名词表示同一人、同一物或同一概念作主语时
Bread and butter is nutritious for patients.
黄油面包对病人很有营养。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。
The secretary and manager was speaking at the meeting.
那位书记兼经理在会上讲话。
（2）“each/every/no/ many a + 单数名词+ and + each/every/no/many a + 单数名
词”作主语时
Every hour and every minute is precious.
每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。
No man and no woman is not allowed to enter the hall.
每个人都不允许进入大厅。
3. “名词+as well as, rather than, like, but, expect, besides, with, together with, along with,
including, in addition to+ 名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一致。
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加宴会了。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the lab.
实验室只有一个老师和三个学生。
4. “more than one 或many a + 单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义为复数，但谓语动词
还是用单数形式。
More than one student is against the decision.
不止一个学生反对这个决定。
Many a page in this book is missing.
这本书缺了许多页。
5. 不定代词either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every 与
thing, body, one 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Nothing in the world moves faster than light.
世上没有什么东西比光传播得更快。
Each one of us has his own duty.
我们每个人都有自己的职责。
注意：若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数形式；若它后面
的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以。
None of the money has been spent on repairs.
这笔钱没有花费在维修方面。
None of the passengers were/was aware of the danger.
乘客中没有一个意识到危险的存在。
6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分
数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而
定。
The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数医生都认为吸烟有害健康。
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
这次的损害大部分都容易补救。
The rest of the books were returned to the library.
其余的书都归还给图书馆了。
The rest of the money was given to the villagers.
其余的钱都给了村民。
7.“a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“large
amounts of +不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A large amount of damage was done in a short time.
在短时间内就造成了巨大的损失。
8. 在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先
行词的数一致。
I, who am your teacher, will do my best to help you.
我是你的老师，我会尽全力帮助你的。
Those who have finished the work can go home first.
那些已完成工作的人可以先回家。
注意：“one of + 复数名词+who/which/that” 引导的定语从句中，若关系代词在定语从
句中充当主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。若one 前有the (only/very / right ) 修饰时，
从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
He was one of the students who were given a prize.
他是那些获奖的学生之一。
I was the only one in my office who was invited.
我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
9. 由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，如：glasses，spectacles，shoes，
boots， trousers/pants，compasses，chopsticks，scissors，socks 等，谓语动词通常用
复数，但这类词如用a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
My glasses were broken while playing football yesterday.
昨天踢足球时我的眼镜被打碎了。
A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.
床底下有一双鞋。
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
这里有几双新鞋。
10. 由“kind/form/type/sort/species /series +of + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形
式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome .
必须克服各种各样的困难。
This kind/sort of questions is very difficult.
这种问题很难。
（但Questions of this kind / sort are very difficult.谓语动词要用复数形式。）
二. 意义一致原则
即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式所决定。当主语形式为单数，但意义
为复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；但主语形式为复数，而意义却为单数时，谓语动词
用单数形式。
1. 有些名词如people, cattle，police，trousers 等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语动词
只能用复数。
The police were sent to the spot to keep order immediately.
警察立即被派往现场维持秩序。
Cattle were allowed to graze in this area.
允许牲畜在这个地区吃草。
2. 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单
复数形式，这类名词常见的有sheep，deer，fish，means， species，Chinese，Japanese，
series 等。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution.
为了防止大气污染，每一种方法都试过了。
All possible means have been tried to keep animals and plants from becoming
endangered.
为了使动植物的生命不受到威胁，所有的方法都试过了。
3. 有些集合名词，如public，family, enemy, audience，government，group，committee，
team，media，staff，crew 等作主语时， 谓语动词的数要根据其包含的意义而定。如果
该名词表示一个整体，其谓语动词用单数形式；但如果这些集体名词表示集体中的若干
个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.
情绪高昂的球队比较可能获胜。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
The team are practicing hard on the playground.
队员们正在操场刻苦地训练。
The government has taken possible action.
政府已经采取了可能的措施。
The government are discussing the proposal.
政府正在讨论这项提案。
4. “the + 形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；如 “the + 形容词”
指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后，伤员们被村民们救起。
The wounded in the accident was a policeman.
这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。
The beautiful is not always useful.
好看的并不总是有用的。
5. 有些以s 结尾表示学科名称的词，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics 等，以
及用作书名、地名、国名、地区名的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Politics is a complicated subject.
政治是一门复杂的学科。
The New York Times is one of the most influential newspapers in the world.
《纽约时报》是世界上最具影响力的报纸之一。
6. 表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，如作为一个整体来看待
的话，谓语动词通常用单数。
Twenty kilometers is a quite long distance.
二十公里是一段相当长的距离。
Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time.
那时五十美金对我来说是一大笔钱。
7. “a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名
词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A large number of people have applied for the job.
很多人申请了这项工作。
The number of people learning English inChinais increasing rapidly at present.
目前中国学习英语的人数正在增加。
8. such 作主语时要根据其所指的内容决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Such is our plan.
这就是我们的计划。
Such are his words.
这些就是他所说的话。
三. 就近一致原则
即谓语动词的人称和数须与邻近的主语保持一致。
1. 在there be 结构、here 以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首引起的倒装句中，谓语动
词的人称和数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
办公室中有两把椅子和一张桌子。
Here are my replies to your questions.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
这些是我对你的问题的回答。
2. 当either…or…；neither…nor…；not only…but also…；not…but…；or；nor 等并列连词
连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与邻近的主语保持一致。
Either he or you are to blame for it.
不是他就是你必须为此事负责。
Not you but I am responsible for the delay.
不是你而应是我应对这次的延误负责。
Unit 2 Working the land
【重点词汇、短语】
1. struggle 斗争
2. expand 使变大，伸展
3. thanks to 幸亏，由于
4. rid 摆脱
5. rid…of 摆脱，除去
6. be satisfied with 对…感到满意
7. would rather 宁愿
8. therefore 因此
9. export 出口
10. regret 后悔，遗憾
11. build up 逐渐增加，建立，开发
12. lead to 导致
13. focus on 集中与
14. reduce 减少
15. keep...free from/of 使…免受影响
16. comment 评论，议论
【重点句型】
1. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what
kind of plant would you like to try growing?
你种过植物吗？如果种过的话，你是怎么种植的？如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种植
什么植物？
△ If so 为省略句式，意为“如果是这样的话”，if 用作连词，so 用来代替上文的内容，
以避免重复。If not 意为“如果不是这样的话，否则，要不然”，意义与If so 相反。
2. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a
high output.
1974 年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
△不定式放在表示次序的词如the first, the last 以及the only, the very, the right, the best
等词后面作定语,且与所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
3. Using his hybrid rice, framers are producing harvest twice as large as before. 用他的
杂交水稻， 农民种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
△“…times as+形容词/副词的原级+ as”为常见的倍数表达法，意为“是……的几倍”。
This room is three times as big as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
知识拓展
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
英语中常见的倍数表达法还有：
This room is twice bigger than that one.
= This room is three times the size of that one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
The output of TV sets in our factory is 15 times that of ten years ago.
= The output …is 15 times what it was ten years ago.
我们厂电视机的产量是10 年前的15 倍。
【语法总结】主谓一致
动名词
动词的ing 形式如果是名词，这种形式叫做动名词。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句
中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
一. 动名词的四种形式及其意义
①基本形式：doing （表示主动）
②被动式：being done（表示被动）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
例如：
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.
Freddy 和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
二. 动名词的语法功能
动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）
学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）
我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.（作表语）
他的工作是开车。
The washing mashine woks well.（作定语）
这台洗衣机非常好用。
三. 注意事项
1. 只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28 个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、
admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、
fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
2. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8 个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
3. it 做形式主语，动名词做真正主语位于句末的重要句型
It is no use/not any use/hardly any use/useless doing
It is no good / not much good doing
It is no worthwhile doing
It is a waste of time doing
Unit 3 A taste of English humor
【重点词汇、短语】
1. up to now 直到现在
2. content 满足的，满意的
3. feel/be content with 对…满足
4. badly off 穷的，缺少的
5. entertain 使欢乐，款待
6. overcome 战胜，克服
7. pick out 挑出，辨别出
8. cut off 切断，断绝
9. convince 使信服
10. direct 导演，指挥；直接的
11. star in 担任主角
12. slide 使滑动
13. whisper 耳语，低语
14. react 做出反应，回应
【重点句型】
1. Not that Charlie’s own life was easy!
倒不是说查理自己的生活是轻松的。
△ not that“并非，倒不是说”，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。
2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak
and dance as soon as he could walk.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
你会觉得震惊，卓别林则会讲话的时候就被教唱歌，刚会走路的时候就学跳舞。
△ 此句中it 作形式宾语，that 从句是真正的主语；astonishing 是动词-ing 形式作宾语
补足语，与宾语构成主谓关系。
3. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off…
不幸地是他的父亲去世了，整个家庭的状况更糟了……
△ 本句中leaving the family even worse off…为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺其自
然的结果。
【语法总结】
现在分词
一. 现在分词的四种形式及其意义
①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）
②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
He sat there，reading a newspaper.
他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.
这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.
完成作业后，我开始看电视。
Having been told many times，she still can't remember it.
已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。
二. 现在分词的语法功能
现在分词在句中可以做表语、定语、状语和补语等。
The story is interesting.
这个故事有趣。
He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）
他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）
这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）
他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
Unit4 Body language
【重点词汇、短语】
1. represent 代表，象征
2. approach 接近，靠近
3. defend 保护，保卫
4. defend against 保卫…以免受
5. likely 可能的
6. be likely to 很可能
7. in general 总的来说，通常
8. ease 安逸，减轻
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
9. at ease 舒适，自由自在
10. lose face 丢脸
11. turn one’s back to 背对，背弃
【重点句型】
1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia
Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·家西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的茱莉亚·史密
斯。
△ 句中closely followed by…是过去分词短语作伴随状语，一般现在分词作伴随状语的
时候较多，但如果伴随的动作与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，则用过去分词。
2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same
way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触的程度和相互间距离也并不
一样。
△ 本句中not all“并不是所有的”，是部分否定，在英语中有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”
意义的总括词，如all, both, every, everything, entirely, completely 等，与not 连用时，
无论not 在它们前面还是后面，都构成部分否定，意为“并非所有……都”，“并非每一……
都”。
3. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have
developed.
这些行为都无所谓好坏，只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。
△ 句中ways 后面跟的是in which 引导的定语从句。当先行词是way 时，后面的定语
从句如果缺少方式状语，引导定语从句的引导词有三种方式：in which, that 或不用任何
引导词。
【语法总结】动词ing 形式（详见第三和第四单元语法总结）
Unit5 Theme parks
【重点词汇、短语】
1. be famous for 以…闻名
2. swing 秋千，摇摆
3. no wonder 难怪，不足为奇
4. preserve 保存，保留，保护区
5. be modeled after 仿造
6. advance 前进，促进
7. in advance 提前
8. get close to 接近
9. come to life 活跃起来
【重点句型】
1. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for
showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.
有些主题公园拥有最大或最长的过山车而出名，另外一些则以拥有名胜或特色文化而闻
名。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
△此句中含some...others“有些……有些……”句型，同时用了承上省略的语法方式。
2. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether you
are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favorite fairy tale or
Disney cartoon character.
无论你是在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你喜欢的童话故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人
物，迪斯尼都会把你带到魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变为现实。
△句中whether…or…的含义是“无论是……还是……；不管是……还是……”，引导让步状语从
句。
3. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made
150 years ago.
你可以光顾糖果店，在那里品尝到和150 年前美国南方人制作得一模一样的糖果。
△句中the same …that 意为“和……一样的”，表示前后的事物为同一事物。
辨析：the same…that/the same…as
the same… as 用来表示前后两者的相同或相似，而非同一物品；而the same…that 表示
前后的事物为同一事物。
I want to buy the same dress as you have.
我想买一条和你的一样的裙子。
I want to read the same book that you read.
我想看你看过的书。
【语法总结】构词法
一. 转化法（conversion）
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词
Let me have a try.
让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
How long have you lived there?
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
你在那儿住多久了？
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法（composition）
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫
做合成词（compounds）。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起，也可以用连词符
号连接。
1. 合成名词
名词/代词+名词
newspaper blood-test she-wolf
动词+名词
typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词
greenhouse highway
副词+名词
overcoat outside
名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词
handwriting reading-room freezing-point
动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词
breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词
sister-in-law editor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term
副词+形容词
over-anxious evergreen
名词+过去分词
man-made sun-burnt
名词+现在分词
peace-loving English-speaking
形容词+现在分词
good-looking easy-going
副词+过去分词
well-informed widespread
副词+现在分词
hardworking far-reaching
形容词+名词+ed
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
warm-hearted absent-minded
数词+名词+ed
three-legged ten-storied
数词+名词
one-way five–star
数词+名词+形容词
ten-year-old 800-meter-long
名词+to+名词
face –to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词
名词+动词
baby-sit sleepwalk
副词+动词
outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词
whitewash
4. 合成副词
形容词＋名词
meanwhile anyway
形容词＋副词
everywhere anyhow
副词＋副词
however
介词＋名词
beforehand overhead
介词＋副词
forever
5. 合成代词
代词宾格＋self/selves
herself themselves
物主代词＋self/selves
myself yourselves
形容词＋名词
anything nothing
6. 合成介词
副词＋名词
inside outside
介词＋副词
without within
副词＋介词
into
三. 派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀
un-unhappy unfinished undress
dis- disagree disbelieve
in[il-(在字母l 前)，im-(在字母m,b,p 前)，ir(在字母r 前)]-inaccurate illegal impolite
imbalance irregular
mis-misbehave mislead mistake
non-nonstop nonsmoker
（2）表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……” enrich enlarge encourage
inter-“相互” international intercontinental
re-“再，又，重” rethink retell recycle
tele-“远程的” telescope telephone telegraph
auto-“自动的” automatic automobile
co-“共同” coworker cooperate coexist
anti-“反对，抵抗” antiwar antifreeze antinuclear
multi-“多” multistory multicultural multicolor
bi-“双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateral
micro-“极小的，微小的” microwave microcomputer
over-“太多，过分” overwork overdo overestimate
self-“自己，本身” self-centered self-confident self-control
under-“在……下面，……下的，不足的” underline, underground, underestimate,
underrate
2. 后缀
（1）形容词后缀
-able “可……的，具有……的” acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable
-al“与……有关的” physical, magical, political
-an“属于某地方的人” American African
-ern“方向” southern, northern, eastern
-ful/ less“（没）有……的” helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的；有……特征的” foolish childish selfish
-ive“有……倾向的” active attractive expensive
-en“由……制成的” golden wooden woolen
-ous“有（性质）的” famous, dangerous, poisonous
-ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily
-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy
（2）名词后缀
-er / or“表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国（人）的” Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人” musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者” physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
-ess“表女性，雌性” hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态” government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质，状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
-tion“动作，过程，结果” invention, organization, translation
-ance/ ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence
-th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“（满的）量” handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态” possibility, disability, reliability
-al“过程、状态” survival, arrival, approval
-y“性质、情况” modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom“处于……状态；性质” freedom, boredom
-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果” courage, storage, marriage
（3）动词后缀
-fy / ify“使得；变得” simplify, beautify, purify
-en“使成为……；变得” shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize“使成为” apologize, realize, specialize
（4）副词后缀
-ly“方式，程度” freely, truly, angrily
ward(s)“向……” towards, forward, upwards
（5）数词后缀
-teen“十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty“整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty
-th“序数词” twelfth, twentieth
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
Unit1 Great scientists
【重点词汇、短语】
1. put forward 提出
2. conclude 结束，结论
3. draw a conclusion 得出结论
4. defeat 打败
5. attend 照顾，护理，出席
6. expose to 使显露
7. cure 治愈，治疗
8. challenge 挑战
9. suspect 怀疑，被怀疑者
10. blame 责备
11. handle 柄，把手，处理，掌控
12. link 联系，连接
13. link to 将…和…连接
14. announce 宣布
15. contribute 捐献，贡献
16. apart from 除了
17. be strict with 对…严格
18. make sense 讲的通，有意义
19. spin 使旋转
20. reject 拒绝，抛弃
【重点句型】
1. What do you know about infectious diseases?
你对传染性疾病了解多少?
2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen
Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰•斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人
大夫。
3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to
cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助患了霍乱的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。
4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
5. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their
meals.
第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。
7. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
约翰•斯诺猜想第二个理论是正确的，但他需要证据。
8. It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来要归罪于饮用水了。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
9. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from
the pump so that it could not be used.
约翰•斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
10. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that
were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证
据。
【语法总结】
过去分词作定语和表语
一. 过去分词作表语
作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，相当于形容词，强调主谓关系；被
动语态表示动作，强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by 短语来
表示。
1. 过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:
The store is now closed.(系表)
The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被动)
2. 某些过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语主要是
人。
这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished,
frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled,
satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
二. 过去分词作定语
作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分
词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。
1. 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时，置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，
但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
3. 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
Unit2 The United Kingdom
【重点词汇、短语】
1. consist 组成，在于，一致
2. consist of 由…组成
3. divide…into 把…分成
4. break away from 脱离
5. to one’s credit 在…的名下，为…带来荣誉
6. attract 吸引，引起注意
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
7. leave out 省去，遗漏，不考虑
8. plus 加上，和，正的
9. take the place of 代替
10. break down 损坏，破坏
11. arrange 安排
12. fold 折叠，对折
13. delight 快乐，高兴，喜悦
【重点句型】
1. How many countries does the UK consist of?
联合王国由几个国家组成?
2. You can easily clarify this question if you study British history.
如果你学习了英国历史，很容易就能弄清楚这个问题。
3. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became
King of England and Wales as well.
令人高兴的是，这件事没有引起冲突就完成了，那时候苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为了英
格兰和威尔士的国王。
4. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own
government.
然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意而分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。
5. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas.
值得表扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作。
6. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly
into three zones.
在这四个国家中，英格兰最大，为了方便起见，它大致被分为了三个地区。
7. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United
Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
如果你想要使你的英国之旅愉快又有意义，你就必须留心观察。
8. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted
to see in London.
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。
9. It looked splendid when first built.
刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌。
10. What interested her most was the longitude line.
她最感兴趣的是那条经线。
【语法总结】
过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，过去分词所表示的动作和宾语有逻辑
上的动宾关系。
一. 能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有三类：
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（认为）, consider,
find 等。
We saw the thief caught by the police.
我看见小偷被警察抓住了。
We thought the game lost.
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
我们认为球赛输了。
2. 表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep, leave 等。
Don’t leave such an important thing undone.
不要让这么重要的事没有人做。
He had his hat blown away on his way home.
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
3. 表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order 等。
I want the house white-washed before we move in.
我想要房子在我搬进去之前粉刷完。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
二. "with +宾语+过去分词"结构
"with +宾语+过去分词"结构中，过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常
在句中作时间，方式，条件，原因等状语。例如：
1. The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了,他
的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)
2. With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)
3. With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)
Unit3 Life in the Future
【重点词汇、短语】
1. impression 印象，感想
2. take up 拿起，开始，继续
3. constant 时常发生的，连续不断的
4. previous 在前的，早先的
5. guide 指导，向导
6. lack 缺乏，没有
7. lose sight of 看不见
8. sweep up 横扫
9. slide into 移动，溜进
10. optimistic 乐观的
11. speed up 加速
12. desert 沙漠
13. instant 瞬间，片刻
14. settlement 定居，解决
【重点句型】
1. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.
我得不断提醒自己我真的到公元3008 年了。
2. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
开始的时候,新的环境让我难以忍受。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
3. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.
空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。
4. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
5. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage
driven by computer.
很快我又重新振作起来，然后跟随他领取了一部由电脑控制的气垫车。
6. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market
because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
可是，当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看
不见王平了。
7. He was swept up into the center of them.
他被卷入到这群车队中去了。
8. Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.
到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把握带到一个明亮而清洁的大房间。
9. I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen.
后来我才发现，就是这些树的叶子为这栋房屋提供了最急需的氧气。
【语法总结】
过去分词作状语
过去分词短语作状语，可表示时间，原因，条件等，可发展为一个状语从句。过去分词
作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语。
过去分词作状语时的具体用法：
1. 过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：
Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.
当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头。
2. 过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：
Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep
alone.
因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。
3. 过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里， 这些种子能长得很快。
4. 过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句。例如：
Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.
虽然John 被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。
5. 过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态。例如：
The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.
老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。
Unit4 Making the News
【重点词汇、短语】
1. delighted 快乐的，欣喜的
2. assist 帮助，协助
3. process 加工，处理，过程，程序
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
4. concentrate on 集中，聚集
5. acquire 获得，学到
6. assess 评估，评定
7. inform 通知
8. depend on 依靠
9. accuse… of 控告
10. so as to 为了
11. demand 需求，要求
12. ahead of 在…前面
13. approve 许可，批准
【重点句型】
1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English
newspaper.
周阳永远不会忘记他在一家知名的英语报报社第一天上班的工作任务。
2. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate
on photography later if you’re interested.
你将会发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你，如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去
钻研。
3. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to
update my skills.
对摄影我不只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修过业余摄影课来更新我的技术。
4. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need
to know.
只有提很多不同的问题，你才能收集到你需要的信息。
5. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.
他们必须通过调查研究来获悉被遗漏的那部分情况。
6. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the persons said.
同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。
7. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the
wrong end of the stick?
你们有没有过这样的情况：有人控告你的记者，说他们的报道完全失实呢？
8. This is how the story goes.
事情是这样的。
9. He denied taking money but we were sceptical.
他否认收了钱，但我们对此表示怀疑。
10. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were
wrong.
这事有些为难，因为如果我们错了，这名足球运动员就可以向我们索要赔偿。
Unit5 First aid
【重点词汇、短语】
1. first aid 急救
2. fall ill 生病
3. poison 毒药，使中毒
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
4. electric shock 触电，电休克
5. swell 使膨胀，隆起
6. squeeze 榨，挤
7. squeeze out 榨出，挤出
8. over and over again 反复，多次
9. in place 在适当的位置
10. pour 倒，灌
11. a number of 许多
12. put one’s hands on 找到
13. treat 治疗，对待，款待
14. apply 应用，运用，申请
15. make a difference 区别对待，有影响，起（重要）作用
【重点句型】
1. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which
layers of the skins are burnt.
根据皮肤烧伤的层次而有一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
2. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服黏贴在烧伤面上，否则如果必须的话就要用剪刀把衣物移除。
3. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.
如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部，可能的话，就要把他们抬高到高于心脏的位置。
4. …it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
……立即把受害者送往医院或送去看医生至关重要。
5. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
6. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.
她躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。
7. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, …
他立即向旁边的一些人要绷带，……
8. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and
ambulance arrived.
他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
8. There is no doubt that Jon’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school
saved Ms Slade’s life.
毫无疑问，是敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。
9. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 这说明了急救知识的
确能发挥重要的作用。
【公众号：实用视界 +VX：18071191557】
