ARTICLE · 1167127
初中英语语法精讲 ⑥|-ly 怎么加?比较级加 -er 还是 more?
初中英语语法精讲 · 第 6 期
导语
先看一句学生在作文里常写的句子:
❌ He runs very quick.
quick 没拼错,可它修饰的是动词 runs,必须用副词 quickly。形容词和副词只差一个 -ly,却是中考单选和语法填空的常客;再加上比较级、最高级,稍不留神就丢分。今天把这对"兄弟"一次分清。
一、先建立地图:形容词与副词管三件事
| 分工 | ||
| -ly 的构成 | ||
| 比较等级 |
一句话先记住:形容词管"是什么样",副词管"怎么做的"。
二、10 个高频易错点
1. 分工:形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词
❌ She sings very beautiful. → ✅ She sings very beautifully.(她唱得很美。) ❌ He is a carefully boy. → ✅ He is a careful boy.(他是个细心的男孩。)
还有一条常考:形容词修饰 something / anything / nothing 等不定代词时要放后面——I have something important to tell you.(我有重要的事要告诉你。)
口诀:名词前面用形容词,修饰动词用副词;不定代词后面,形容词往后站。
2. 系动词后面用形容词,不用副词
look / sound / smell / taste / feel / become / get / turn / grow / seem 后面接形容词。
The music sounds beautiful.(这音乐听起来很美。) The soup tastes good.(这汤尝起来不错。) ❌ The music sounds beautifully. → ✅ The music sounds beautiful.
口诀:"五感"加 become,后面一律跟形容词。
3. -ly 怎么加:四种情况
口诀:辅音加 y 变 i,le 去 e 只加 y。
4. 加了 -ly 意思就变的词
- hard
(努力地)→ hardly(几乎不) - late
(迟地)→ lately(最近) 还有几个 -ly 结尾却是形容词:friendly, lovely, lonely, likely
❌ He works hardly. → ✅ He works hard.(他工作很努力。)
❌ She is friendlily to us. → ✅ She is friendly to us.(她对我们很友好。)
口诀:hard 努力 hardly 几乎不,late 迟到 lately 最近;friendly 那一家,全是形容词。
5. 频率副词的位置:实义动词前,be 动词后
He often plays football after school.(他放学后常踢足球。) He is always late.(他总是迟到。) ❌ He plays often football. → ✅ He often plays football.
口诀:实义动词前,be 动词后。
6. 比较级的构成:短词加 -er,长词加 more
最高级照着来:-est 或 most。
两个细节:以 e 结尾的形容词一般直接加 -ly(safe→safely, nice→nicely);friendly、lovely 是形容词,比较等级也用 more / most——more friendly。
口诀:短词加尾巴,长词请 more 帮忙。
7. 必须背下来的不规则比较级
| better | best | |
| worse | worst | |
| more | most | |
| less | least | |
| farther / further | farthest / furthest | |
| older / elder | oldest / eldest |
❌ My English is more good than his. → ✅ My English is better than his.(我的英语比他好。)
口诀:好好坏坏、多多少少、远远老老——六个词,只能背。
8. 修饰比较级用 much、even、a lot,不能用 very
可以用:much, far, a lot, even, still, a little, a bit 不能用:very
✅ He is much taller than me.(他比我高得多。)
❌ He is very taller than me. → ✅ He is much taller than me.
口诀:比较级前 much、even、a lot;very 只配原级走。
9. as...as 中间用原级
肯定:as + 原级 + as——Tom is as tall as Jim.(汤姆和吉姆一样高。) 否定:not as / so + 原级 + as——Tom is not so tall as Jim.(汤姆不如吉姆高。) ❌ He is as taller as me. → ✅ He is as tall as me.
口诀:as...as 中间不升级,原级稳稳站中间。
10. 最高级和三个必考句型
(1)the + 最高级 + in / of 短语
He is the tallest in our class.(他是我们班个子最高的。)
(2)one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数
Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.(北京是中国最古老的城市之一。)
(3)两个高频句型
越来越……:比较级 + and + 比较级——It's getting warmer and warmer.(天气越来越暖和了。) 越……越……:The more you read, the more you learn.(你读得越多,学到的越多。)
(4)用比较级表达最高级的含义
He is taller than any other student in his class.(他比班上任何别的学生都高。= He is the tallest in his class.)
口诀:最高级前加 the,后面接 in 或 of;one of 后面的名词要用复数。
三、中考风格演练(4 题)
1. The soup ______ delicious. I'd like some more. A. tastes B. is tasted C. tastes well D. taste
答案:A 解析:taste 在这里是系动词,后面接形容词 delicious,不能接副词 well;系动词没有被动语态,主语第三人称单数用 tastes。
2. Lucy sings ______ than any other student in her class. A. well B. good C. better D. best
答案:C 解析:句中有 than,说明用比较级;sings 是动词,要选副词的比较级 better(well 的比较级)。
3. — What do you think of the film? — It's ______ one I've ever seen. A. the more interesting B. most interesting C. the most interesting D. more interesting
答案:C 解析:"I've ever seen"把范围限定在"我看过的所有电影"里,是三者以上比最高,用最高级并加 the。
4. 短文改错:Linda is very taller than her brother.
答案:very → much 解析:比较级前不能加 very,要用 much / far / a lot / even 等词修饰。
四、随堂练习(5 题)
1. The music sounds ______. I like it very much. A. beautiful B. beautifully C. beauty D. more beautiful
2. Of all the students, Li Ming works ______ in our class. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. more hardly
3. My bike is ______ than yours. A. more new B. newer C. newest D. the newest
4. 用所给词的正确形式填空:This book is much ______ (interesting) than that one.
5. 短文改错:He is as taller as his father.
参考答案
- A
。sound 是系动词,后面接形容词 beautiful。 - C
。"Of all the students"给出三者以上的范围,用最高级;副词最高级前面可以不加 the,所以选 hardest。 - B
。than 提示比较级;new 是单音节词,直接加 -er,不能加 more。 - more interesting
。interesting 是多音节词,比较级前面加 more,句中还有 much 修饰。 - taller → tall
。as...as 中间用原级。
五、一句话总结
形容词与副词就记三条:
- 分工
:修饰名词用形容词,修饰动词用副词;系动词后面一律用形容词。 - 构成
:-ly 靠规则加(辅音 + y 变 i、le 去 e 加 y);短词加 -er/-est,长词加 more/most;不规则表必须背。 - 句型
:比较级前用 much / even / a lot,不用 very;as...as 中间用原级;最高级前加 the,后面接 in 或 of。
下期预告: 连词与并列句——and、but、or、so 到底怎么选?both...and 和 neither...nor 后面跟单数还是复数?下一篇把句子"连"起来。
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