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英语语法|定语从句超全精讲(初高中通用)

英语语法|定语从句超全精讲(初高中通用)
英语句子──定语从句一次吃透!
很多同学英语扣分大头全在定语从句!
分不清who/which/that、做题瞎蒙、语法越学越乱😭
其实定语从句是初高中最好提高、最套路的语法!
没有之一!!
今天把课堂内部精讲整理成最简完整版
零基础也能秒懂✨ 建议直接收藏,期末考前死磕这一篇!
✅先搞懂一句话:什么是定语从句?
定语 = 修饰名词的“配角”
形容词、短语能修饰名词,句子也能修饰名词
👉用一个句子修饰前面的名词 = 定语从句
因为句子太长,统一放在名词后面!
1|两个核心名词(必考基础)
公式牢记:定语从句 = 关系词 + 陈述语序
🔹先行词:先走一步、被修饰的名词
例:Li Ming is a teacher who is humorous.
👉a teacher 就是先行词
🔹关系词:相当于“桥梁引路员”
连接先行词+从句,同时在从句里做成分!
例:Li Ming is a teacher who is humorous.
👉who就是关系词,引导从句who is humorous
2|8大关系词终极分类
🔥五大关系代词(从句缺成分必用)
① who 指人
在从句做主语/宾语(宾语可省)
✅例句:A true friend is a person who will always be there to share your laughter and tears.
译:一个真正的朋友,是永远与你分享喜怒哀乐的人。
👉who指代a person,从句作主语
② whom 指人
只做宾语
⚠️介词提前时:介词+whom 不能省、不能换who
✅例句:I don't have a partner whom I can practice English with.
译:我没有一个可以一起练习英语的搭档。
👉whom指代a partner,在从句作宾语
③ which 指物
做主语/宾语(宾语可省)
专指事物、物品、故事!
✅例句1(作主语):As a science lover,I hope I can invent a bike which can fly in the sky.
译:作为一名科学爱好者,我希望我能发明一辆能在天空中飞行的自行车。
👉which指代a bike,从句作主语
✅例句2(作宾语):The story which my grandfather told me about Qian Xuesen is touching.
译:我祖父告诉我的关于钱学森的故事很感人。
👉which指代the story,从句作told的宾语
④ that 万能王(人/物通用)
🉑可做主宾表
❌唯一禁忌:不能紧跟介词后面
✅例句1(作主语):The house that stands at the end of the street belongs to my grandparents.
译:在街尽头的那个房子是我祖父母的。
👉that指代the house,从句作主语
✅例句2(作宾语):I'll never forget the experiences that we had in the volunteer work last summer.
译:我永远不会忘记我们去年夏天在志愿工作中的经历。
👉that指代the experiences,从句作had的宾语
⑤ whose 表“……的”
唯一表所属的关系词,人/物都可以!
✅例句:The house whose windows face south is very bright.
译:那个窗户朝南的房子非常明亮。
👉whose指代the house,修饰windows
🔥三大关系副词(从句完整必用)
① when 时间
先行词:time/day/year/date
= in/on/at/during which
✅例句:I will always remember the days when I was together with my friends.
译:我会永远记得和我的朋友们在一起的那些日子。
👉先行词the days,when在从句作时间状语
② where 地点
先行词:place/city
= in/at/on which
✅例句:With snow-covered mountains,lakes and vast grasslands,Shangri-La is a beautiful world where people live happily in nature.
译:香格里拉是一个有雪山、湖泊和广阔草原的美丽世界,在那里人们快乐地生活在自然中。
👉先行词a beautiful world,where在从句作地点状语
③ why 原因
只配 the reason
= for which
✅例句:I don't know the reason why he is absent from our meeting.
译:我不知道他为什么缺席我们的会议。
👉先行词the reason,why在从句作原因状语
3|做题四步法✨(秒杀所有题型)
很多同学学不会,是因为凭语感做题!
学霸全部靠这套公式👇
1️⃣ 先判断:是不是修饰名词?→是=定语从句
2️⃣ 优先特殊词:表“的”用whose、表原因用why
3️⃣ 看从句:
缺主语/宾语 → 代词who/whom/which/that
句子完整通顺 → 副词when/where
4️⃣ 看先行词+介词,敲定最终答案
4|考试最容易丢分的4大陷阱❗️(重难点)
❌陷阱1:主谓一致看「先行词」
从句谓语单复数不看就近,只看先行词
✅例1(先行词单数):Tea is a plant that grows widely in China,Japan and other countries.
译:茶是一种在中国、日本和其他国家广泛生长的植物。
👉先行词a plant单数,从句谓语grows单数
✅例2(先行词复数):The students are reading books which are full of interesting pictures.
译:学生们正在阅读充满有趣图片的书籍。
👉先行词books复数,be动词用are
✔️one of +复数名词 → 从句复数
✅例句:Tom is one of the students who were awarded.
译:汤姆是那些获奖学生中的一个。
✔️the only one of +复数名词 → 从句单数
✅例句:Tom is the only one of the students who was awarded.
译:汤姆是那些学生当中唯一一个获奖的。
❌陷阱2:只能用that,不能用which(5条必背)
1. 先行词是all/everything/nothing/little/much等不定代词
✅例句:Judy loves everything that has to do with nature,from climbing mountains to watching the sunrise.
译:朱迪喜欢与大自然有关的一切,从爬山到看日出。
2. 先行词被the only/the very/the last修饰
✅例句:That is the very song that has been in my head all day.
译:那正是那首一整天都一直在我脑海里的歌。
3. 先行词有序数词、形容词最高级修饰
✅例句:Your growth is the best gift that is given to your mother.
译:你的成长是送给你母亲最好的礼物。
4. 先行词同时包含人+物
✅例句:Our parents often talk about the people and the things that they can remember from middle school.
译:我们的父母经常谈论他们能记起来的中学时代的人和事。
5. 主句who开头的特殊疑问句
✅例句:Who is the person that is standing under the tree?
译:站在树下的那个人是谁?
❌陷阱3:只能用which,不能用that
1. 关系词前有介词
✅例句:He wrote a letter in which he explained what had happened in the accident.
译:他写了一封信,在信里解释了事故中发生的事情。
2. 先行词本身是that
✅例句:Hold onto that which truly matters in life.
译:守住生活中真正重要的东西。
❌陷阱4:只能用who,不能用that
1. 先行词是one/ones(指人)
✅例句:Not everyone enjoys fast food. Jack is the one who dislikes hamburgers.
译:不是所有人都喜欢快餐。杰克就是那个不喜欢汉堡的人。
2. 先行词是those(指人)
✅例句:Success always belongs to those who try their best to make their dream come true.
译:成功总是属于那些竭尽全力实现梦想的人。

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