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必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
Ⅰ.阅读理解
It’s hard to imagine a snowstorm in Texas could be caused by the Arctic, right?
They’re thousands of miles away from each other! But if we take a closer look,
scientists are theorizing (从理论上说明) that rapid heating of the Arctic can drive
cold air from the North Pole further south，and surprisingly enough, can end up
where we’d least expect.Unfortunately any measure of extreme weather leads to high
demand in electricity, which can cause energy infrastructure (基础设施) to burn
out.Likely so, this past week, over 4 million people were, and currently are, stuck in
freezing weather conditions without electricity in Texas, a well-known warm US state.
Who’s to blame? What’s to blame? Fingers are pointed in multiple directions as to
what the root cause is.Judah Cohen, the director of seasonal forecasting at
Atmospheric and Environmental Research，explained, “This can’t boil down to
natural causes.A warming planet is partially to blame, at least, we theorize.But science
is behind this ‘historical’ phenomenon.” When we see a natural disaster involving
heat, we usually link it with climate change.Is that where we place the rest of the
blame involving Texas? While it seems a bit uncharacteristic，scientists hypothesize
(假设) that sudden winter storms are associated with climate change.As the Arctic is
“currently one of the fastest-warming regions on the planet” ， the rising
temperatures may increase the odds of an imbalanced polar vortex (极涡).
As climates continue to warm, it’s suggested that this can and will happen more
frequently.Natural disasters have proven that we need to become adequately prepared
for what Mother Nature with a “dash” of climate change can do.Systems need to be
created with reliable and lasting capabilities that can carry the next unexpected andpossibly worse phenomenon.
1.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To introduce polar-based scientific theories.
B.To explore why Texas suffered cold weather.
C.To figure out damage caused by power failure.
D.To show how weather patterns affect the planet.
2.What is responsible for extreme weather according to Judah Cohen?
A.Gases. B.Science.
C.The Arctic. D.Nature.
3.What message does the author convey in the last paragraph?
A.Unite to fight against the unexpected.
B.Run a race to balance the world’s climate.
C.Develop a weather broadcasting system.
D.Get well-prepared for the worse to come.
(2024·四川成都七中模拟预测)
There are people for whom the motivation lies in their family or companions’
duties.For some people ， the purpose lies in a soul’s spiritual awakening.Brent
Clayton，a firefighter by profession，is one such individual who found his purpose
early in life and kept working to fulfill it.
Born on March 3，1984，Clayton hugely felt the need to serve others.He followed
his mission in life and acquired his diploma in Public Safety.He gradually realized the
importance of securing people’s lives ， which strengthened his faith in his
mission.Clayton further pursued his bachelor’s degree from The University of
Melbourne and master’s degree from Federation University.Then，Clayton worked in
the military for a period before moving into a role with the prison service as a prison
guard，the youngest person to ever be employed by the service at the time.
After spending a decade in the fire service including training and recruitment (招募)，
he gained enough experience to become Australia’s most prominent fire service
recruitment expert.Clayton devoted many years of his life to the firefighterrecruitment process and fire service industry.He wanted people to realize the true
value of this profession by establishing its significance.To communicate his
perspective，Clayton established Fire Recruitment Australia in 2009.He aimed to
train the next generation and prepare them for the future.Clayton used his experience
and years-long training to prepare candidates who were as enthusiastic about the well-
being of the world as him.
Keeping the point in mind，Clayton wrote the book Fire Service Recruitment—the
Process to Success.His idea was to join his learning into an accessible medium so
others didn’t have to waste years wondering what to do when applying to become a
firefighter.After the success of the book ， Clayton introduced candidates to a
comprehensive test preparation and learning suite to facilitate ( 促 进 ) success
throughout each stage of the selection process.This platform helped him as well as his
candidates to work together for the betterment of themselves and ultimately society at
large.
4.What made Clayton’s belief stronger?
A.The military experience.
B.The support of his family.
C.The significance of people’s safety.
D.The knowledge he learned from college.
5.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “prominent” in paragraph
3?
A.Stubborn. B.Fearless.
C.Outstanding. D.Energetic.
6.Why did Clayton set up Fire Recruitment Australia?
A.Because he could earn a good reputation.
B.Because he wanted to join his learning into an accessible medium.
C.Because he wanted to realize his dream of being a firefighter leader.
D.Because he hoped to get young people ready for their future career.
7.What is the best title for the text?
A.A Man with Great PurposeB.A Book for Career Success
C.An Organization for Well-being
D.A Standard for Firefighters
(2024·山东青岛统考三模)
By 2050，68% of the global population will live in cities.That’s 2.5 billion more
people than today.In Europe，three out of four of us already live in urban areas，and
the consequences of that are becoming clear.Researchers estimate that nine million
people die every year as a direct result of air pollution.As our cities grow and more
people move into already crowded spaces，what do we need to do to transform our
urban areas into healthy places to live? An increasing body of research tells us that we
should be letting nature back in.
Green spaces in cities mitigate the effects of pollution and can reduce a phenomenon
known as the urban heat island effect ，which refers to heat trapped in built-up
areas.The effect appears in towns and cities where the heat generated by people，
transport and industry is trapped in the narrow roads and concrete structures，unable
to escape to the atmosphere.This can bring the temperature in urban areas up 3-4 ℃
higher than the surrounding countryside ， and with that comes a severe
cycle.Increased temperatures in summer lead to an increased demand for cooling.This
expands our energy consumption，which in turn build up fossil fuel consumption，
increasing pollutants in the air and harmful smog on our streets.
Planning cities to include green spaces wherever possible is the first step in making
our urban areas healthier.For example，adding a layer of vegetation to rooftops and
creating green roofs has proven to reduce the urban heat island effect.Trees in our
streets also play their part ， and a variety of tree species can have a profound
effect.Simply having access to green spaces in cities can do wonders for our stress
levels and concentration at work.“People need to interact with nature whenever the
opportunity arises.Something as simple as a five-to-ten-minute break during the
workday can improve well-being and boost productivity，” Cecil，an expertstudying nature in cities says.
8.How does the author bring in the topic in Paragraph 1?
A.By presenting facts.
B.By listing examples.
C.By comparing numbers.
D.By questioning an estimate.
9.What does the underlined word “mitigate” mean in Paragraph 2?
A.Overcome. B.Change.
C.Ease. D.Shift.
10.What might be a consequence of the urban heat island effect?
A.Lower temperature.
B.Energy regeneration.
C.Fuel shortage.
D.Air pollution.
11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.How to Let Nature Back In
B.Why We Need Green Spaces in Cities
C.Heat Effect：An Unavoidable Urban Trouble
D.Green Roofs：Tiny Urban Forests
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·河北1月质检)
We usually divide a year into four seasons.However ， in Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM) theory，there are five seasons—spring，summer，late summer，
fall，and winter.Each of the five has many features which guide us to change our
habits to keep the balance between our body and the external environment.
Winter in TCM
The ancient Chinese believed that winter is the Yin season in nature.__1__ So，
winter is the time of year to reflect on health，save strength and regain energy，
preparing ourselves for the start of new life in the spring.
Activities in winterIn TCM theory ， winter is a season to feed ourselves both spiritually and
physically.__2__For example，we can do more writing，reading and other soul-
nourishing(滋养灵魂的) activities.Although energetic exercise should be avoided，
it’s important to keep our body healthy with gentle exercise，especially outdoor
activities，in which we can get fresh air and sunlight.In addition，we should also go
to bed earlier to save more energy.__3__
Foods for winter
The principle of harmony between what we eat and the season is based on hundreds
of years of experience in TCM.It suggests that we embrace locally-grown and
seasonable foods，which is the way nature intends us to eat.__4__ Most of them
naturally grow in this season—pumpkins ， potatoes ， root vegetables ， winter
greens，carrots，cabbage，mushrooms，and pears.Besides，hot soup，whole
grains and roasted nuts also offer nourishment to feed the body in cold winter
months.But always remember，moderation in all things is important.
Moods in winter
According to TCM theory，stress，depression and unresolved anger can also weaken
our immune (免疫的) system，allowing external factors to affect our body in
winter.____5____ Meditation ( 冥 想 ) and breathing techniques are particularly
helpful，especially in relieving stress.
A.People’s mood varies with the season.
B.Activities in the season have a turn inwards.
C.Eating off-season food is not good for human health.
D.It is inactive，cold and dark，which makes us slow down.
E.During the winter，there are many foods beneficial to us.
F.Everyone can enjoy winter if they live and exercise properly.
G.So，keeping a good feeling is especially important in this cold season.
必修第一册 UNIT 4Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。文章主要分析了全球变暖的原因，指出了全
球变暖造成的影响，并提出了人们应采取的应对之举。
1.B [写作意图题。根据第一段中的“But if we take a closer look...which can
cause energy infrastructure (基础设施) to burn out.”可知，第一段旨在解释为什
么温暖的得克萨斯州会遭遇寒流侵袭。]
2.B [细节理解题。根据第二段中 Judah Cohen 的话“This can’t boil down to
natural causes...behind this ‘historical’ phenomenon.”可知，Judah Cohen认为，
科学应为极端天气负责。]
3.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段特别是其中的“As climates continue to
warm...with a ‘dash’ of climate change can do.”可知，随着气候持续变暖，极
端天气可能会更频繁地出现，而我们需要为大自然带来的气候变化做好充分准
备。]
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了职业消防员布伦特·克莱顿认识
到人们安全的重要性，花了多年时间投入消防员招募过程和消防服务行业，他
的目标是培养下一代，为未来做好准备。
4.C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“He gradually realized the importance ofsecuring people’s lives，which strengthened his faith in his mission.”可知，是人们
安全的重要性让克莱顿的信念更加坚定。]
5.C [词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“After spending a decade in the fire
service including training and recruitment (招募)，”以及后文“Clayton devoted
many years of his life to the firefighter recruitment process and fire service industry.”
可推知，克莱顿在消防员招聘过程和消防服务行业投入了多年时间，所以经过
10年的消防培训和招聘工作，他积累了足够的经验，成为澳大利亚最杰出的消
防招聘专家。故可猜测画线单词 prominent 为“杰出的”意思，与 outstanding
“杰出的”意思一致。]
6.D [细节理解题。根据第三段中“To communicate his perspective...and prepare
them for the future.”可知，克莱顿成立澳大利亚消防招聘公司是因为他希望年轻
人为未来的职业生涯做好准备。]
7.A [标题归纳题。根据第一段“There are people for whom the motivation lies in
their family...who found his purpose early in life and kept working to fulfill it.”并结
合文章主要讲述了职业消防员布伦特·克莱顿认识到人们安全的重要性，花了多
年时间投入消防员招募过程和消防服务行业，他的目标是培养下一代，为未来做好准备，故可知A选项“一个有伟大目标的人”最符合文章标题。]
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的
空气污染问题日益严重，因此有必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康
水平。同时，让自然回归可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。
8.A [写作手法题。根据第一段中“By 2050，68% of the global population will
live in cities.That’s 2.5 billion more people than today...as a direct result of air
pollution.”可知，作者先呈现了城市人口大幅增长，直接死于空气污染的人数
量巨大的事实，然后引入了文章的话题。由此可知，作者通过展现事实的方式
引入话题。]
9.C [词义猜测题。根据第一段中“...to transform our urban areas into healthy
places to live？...we should be letting nature back in.”和第二段第一句“Green
spaces in cities mitigate the effects of pollution and can reduce a phenomenon...in
built-up areas.”可知，在城市中让自然回归有助于改善城市的健康，因此城市
中的绿地应该可以缓解污染和城市热岛效应。由此可知，mitigate意为“缓解，
减轻”，与ease意思一致。]
10.D [ 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 “ This expands our energyconsumption...increasing pollutants in the air and harmful smog on our streets.”可知，
城市热岛效应会形成恶性循环，加重城市的空气污染。]
11.B [标题归纳题。通读全文特别是第一段的“As our cities grow and more
people move into already crowded spaces...we should be letting nature back in.”可知，
文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空气污染问题日益严重，因此有
必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。同时，让自然回归可以提
升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。因此，文章主要介绍的是在城市中引入自然的
好处，B项“我们为什么需要城市绿地”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍“冬季养生法”，助你更好地
度过冬天！
1.D [根据此空前面一句“中国古人认为冬天在自然界中属阴。”和后一句
“因此，冬季是一年中反思健康、保存体力和恢复能量的时候，为春天新生活
的开始做好准备。”的提示可知，D选项“它是不活跃的、寒冷和黑暗的，这
使我们慢下来。”使得上下文语意连贯。]
2.B [根据此空前一句“在中医理论中，冬天是一个在精神上和身体上都滋养我们的季节。”和后一句 “例如，我们可以多做写作、阅读和其他滋养灵魂的
活动。”的提示可知，空处应指出冬季活动大多为精神层面的特点，故答案为
B “ 这个季节的活动有一个向内的趋势。”]
3.F [此空是这一段的总结，根据本段的内容和关键词 activities可知此空选 F
“每个人都可以享受冬天，如果他们生活和锻炼得当。”]
4.E [根据此空后一句 “大多数蔬菜都是在这个季节自然生长的——南瓜、土
豆、块根类蔬菜、冬季青菜、胡萝卜、卷心菜、蘑菇和梨。”的提示可知此空
选E “在冬天，有许多食物对我们有益。”]
5.G [根据本段的关键词“Moods”以及后一句 “Meditation(冥想) and breathing
techniques are particularly helpful” 可知答案为G “所以，在这个寒冷的季节，
保持良好的心情显得尤为重要。”。]
