高一春·目标清北班
Unit 2
Contents
Part 1. Listening
Part 3. Grammar
Part 4. CEE Integrated
Part 2. Speaking
Listening
Part One
Pre-listening
You are going to listen to a lecture. Before you listen, look at the photos and
predict the topic of the lecture.
The lecture is about ____________________.
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Before you listen, Read the paragraph and match each word in bold with its definition.
Vocabulary Builder
The harm that consumerism is causing to the planet has been well documented
in recent years, so much so that people across the globe are actively changing
their purchasing habits in order to be more eco-friendly. Awareness of the
environmental issues that have arisen from over-consumption has given rise to a
number of ethical counter-cultures, such as the thrift movement, which sees
people eschew traditional dominant retailers in favor of stores or online platforms
selling second-hand goods and clothing. It’s the hope of so-called thrifters that by
choosing to buy used items, the world’s demand for fossil fuels required to make
new products will greatly reduce. And thrifters are making effort to reduce the
large outputs of carbon emissions.
1.
________
the amount of sth. that a machine/organization produces
2.
________
not harmful to the environment
3.
________
a person or business that sells goods to the public
4.
________
knowing sth.; knowing that sth. exists and is important
The harm that consumerism is causing to the planet has been well documented
in recent years, so much so that people across the globe are actively changing
their purchasing habits in order to be more eco-friendly. Awareness of the
environmental issues that have arisen from over-consumption has given rise to a
number of ethical counter-cultures, such as the thrift movement, which sees
people eschew traditional dominant retailers in favor of stores or online platforms
selling second-hand goods and clothing. It’s the hope of so-called thrifters that by
choosing to buy used items, the world’s demand for fossil fuels required to make
new products will greatly reduce. And thrifters are making effort to reduce the
large outputs of carbon emissions.
output
eco-friendly
retailer
awareness
5.
____________
try hard to do
6.
____________
carbon footprint
7.
____________
more important, powerful or noticeable than other things
The harm that consumerism is causing to the planet has been well documented
in recent years, so much so that people across the globe are actively changing
their purchasing habits in order to be more eco-friendly. Awareness of the
environmental issues that have arisen from over-consumption has given rise to a
number of ethical counter-cultures, such as the thrift movement, which sees
people eschew traditional dominant retailers in favor of stores or online platforms
selling second-hand goods and clothing. It’s the hope of so-called thrifters that by
choosing to buy used items, the world’s demand for fossil fuels required to make
new products will greatly reduce. And thrifters are making effort to reduce the
large outputs of carbon emissions.
make effort to
carbon emission
dominant
While listening
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Listen to the lecture. Pay attention to the Thesis Statement (主旨句) in the beginning of
each paragraph. Fill in the blanks with the word you hear.
Paragraph 1 As awareness of environmental issues around the world increases, so do
the ____________ of industries typically responsible for large outputs of carbon
emissions…
Paragraph 2 The __________ industry is particularly damaging to the environment due
to the way clothing is produced, as well as…
Paragraph 3 With this in mind, a number of fashion designers and _________ are
making efforts to reduce their _________ footprint, …
Paragraph 4 However, _________ say that such intentions are paradoxical in their
nature.
Paragraph 5 Indeed, we all need cloths, just like we all need most other things which
inevitably cause _________ to the environment.
responsibilities
fashion
retailers
carbon
critics
damage
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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(A)
As
awareness
of
environmental issues around the
world
increases,
so
do
the
responsibilities
of
industries
typically
responsible
for
large
outputs of carbon emissions to
act to reduce the damage they’re
causing to the world. One such
industry
is
fashion,
which
is
believed to be the second largest
polluter in the world.
awareness n. /әˈweәnәs/
knowing sth.; knowing that sth. exists and is
important
~ (of sth.) | ~ (that...)
an awareness of the importance of eating a
healthy diet
认识到健康饮食的重要性
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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output
n. /ˈaʊtpʊt/
the amount of sth. that a person, a machine or
an organization produces
Manufacturing output has increased by 8%.
工业产量增长了8%。
(A)
As
awareness
of
environmental issues around the
world
increases,
so
do
the
responsibilities
of
industries
typically
responsible
for
large
outputs of carbon emissions to
act to reduce the damage they’re
causing to the world. One such
industry
is
fashion,
which
is
believed to be the second largest
polluter in the world.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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polluter
n.
/pәˈluːtәr/
a person, company, country, etc. that causes
pollution
(A)
As
awareness
of
environmental issues around the
world
increases,
so
do
the
responsibilities
of
industries
typically
responsible
for
large
outputs of carbon emissions to
act to reduce the damage they’re
causing to the world. One such
industry
is
fashion,
which
is
believed to be the second largest
polluter in the world.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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mentality
n. /menˈtælәti/
the particular attitude or way of thinking of a
person or group
(B)
The
fashion
industry
is
particularly
damaging
to
the
environment
due
to
the
way
clothing is produced, as well as
the “fast fashion” mentality which
has become dominant in recent
years. To produce just a single
pair of jeans requires up to as
much as 10,000 liters of fresh
water, not to mention the harmful
chemicals
used
in
the
dying
process, which are often pumped
directly into lakes and rivers.
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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dominant /ˈdɒmɪnәnt/
adj. more important, powerful or noticeable
than other things
The firm has achieved a dominant position in
the world market.
这家公司在国际市场上占有举足轻重的地位。
(B)
The
fashion
industry
is
particularly
damaging
to
the
environment
due
to
the
way
clothing is produced, as well as
the “fast fashion” mentality which
has become dominant in recent
years. To produce just a single
pair of jeans requires up to as
much as 10,000 liters of fresh
water, not to mention the harmful
chemicals
used
in
the
dying
process, which are often pumped
directly into lakes and rivers.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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chemical
/ˈkemɪkl/
adj. connected with chemistry
n. a substance obtained by or used in a
chemical process
the chemical industry
化学工业
A lot of poisonous waste water comes from
that chemical factory.
那个化工厂排出大量有毒的废水。
(B)
The
fashion
industry
is
particularly
damaging
to
the
environment
due
to
the
way
clothing is produced, as well as
the “fast fashion” mentality which
has become dominant in recent
years. To produce just a single
pair of jeans requires up to as
much as 10,000 liters of fresh
water, not to mention the harmful
chemicals
used
in
the
dying
process, which are often pumped
directly into lakes and rivers.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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pump v. /pʌmp/
to make water, air, gas, etc. flow in a particular
direction
用泵（或泵样器官等）输送
The heart pumps blood around the body.
心脏把血液输送到全身。
The lake had been pumped dry.
湖水已被抽干。
涌出；涌流；奔流
Blood was pumping out of his wound.
血从他的伤口喷出。
(B)
The
fashion
industry
is
particularly
damaging
to
the
environment
due
to
the
way
clothing is produced, as well as
the “fast fashion” mentality which
has become dominant in recent
years. To produce just a single
pair of jeans requires up to as
much as 10,000 liters of fresh
water, not to mention the harmful
chemicals
used
in
the
dying
process, which are often pumped
directly into lakes and rivers.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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retailer
n.
/ˈriːteɪlә(r)/
a person or business that sells goods to the
public
(C) With this in mind, a number of
fashion designers and retailers are
making
efforts
to
reduce
their
carbon
footprint,
while
also
discouraging
people
from
making
unnecessary purchases. The British
designer
Vivienne
Westwood,
for
example, has adapted the slogan,
“Buy less, choose well, make it last.”
Meanwhile,
large
multi-national
retailers
such
as
Sweden’s
H&M
have recently been featuring eco-
friendly
collections
made
from
recycled materials and natural dyes.
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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make an effort to
= try hard to
(C) With this in mind, a number of
fashion designers and retailers are
making
efforts
to
reduce
their
carbon
footprint,
while
also
discouraging
people
from
making
unnecessary purchases. The British
designer
Vivienne
Westwood,
for
example, has adapted the slogan,
“Buy less, choose well, make it last.”
Meanwhile,
large
multi-national
retailers
such
as
Sweden’s
H&M
have recently been featuring eco-
friendly
collections
made
from
recycled materials and natural dyes.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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footprint n. /ˈfʊtprɪnt/
a mark left on a surface by a person's foot or
shoe or by an animal's foot
ecological footprint
生态足迹，生态脚印
carbon footprint
碳足迹；碳排放量
(C) With this in mind, a number of
fashion designers and retailers are
making
efforts
to
reduce
their
carbon
footprint,
while
also
discouraging
people
from
making
unnecessary purchases. The British
designer
Vivienne
Westwood,
for
example, has adapted the slogan,
“Buy less, choose well, make it last.”
Meanwhile,
large
multi-national
retailers
such
as
Sweden’s
H&M
have recently been featuring eco-
friendly
collections
made
from
recycled materials and natural dyes.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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feature
/ˈfiːtʃә(r)/
v. to include a particular person or thing as a
special feature
The film features Cary Grant as a professor.
这部电影由卡里•格兰特饰演一位教授。
n. something important, interesting or typical
of a place or thing
An interesting feature of the city is the old
market.
这座城市的一个有趣特征就是古老的市场。
(C) With this in mind, a number of
fashion designers and retailers are
making
efforts
to
reduce
their
carbon
footprint,
while
also
discouraging
people
from
making
unnecessary purchases. The British
designer
Vivienne
Westwood,
for
example, has adapted the slogan,
“Buy less, choose well, make it last.”
Meanwhile,
large
multi-national
retailers
such
as
Sweden’s
H&M
have recently been featuring eco-
friendly
collections
made
from
recycled materials and natural dyes.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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eco-friendly adj. /iːkәʊ ˈfrendli/
not harmful to the environment
eco-friendly products
环保型产品
(C) With this in mind, a number of
fashion designers and retailers are
making
efforts
to
reduce
their
carbon
footprint,
while
also
discouraging
people
from
making
unnecessary purchases. The British
designer
Vivienne
Westwood,
for
example, has adapted the slogan,
“Buy less, choose well, make it last.”
Meanwhile,
large
multi-national
retailers
such
as
Sweden’s
H&M
have recently been featuring eco-
friendly
collections
made
from
recycled materials and natural dyes.
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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dye /daɪ/
v. to change the colour of sth, especially by
using a special liquid or substance
n. a substance that is used to change the
colour of things such as cloth or hair
tie dye
(C) With this in mind, a number of
fashion designers and retailers are
making
efforts
to
reduce
their
carbon
footprint,
while
also
discouraging
people
from
making
unnecessary purchases. The British
designer
Vivienne
Westwood,
for
example, has adapted the slogan,
“Buy less, choose well, make it last.”
Meanwhile,
large
multi-national
retailers
such
as
Sweden’s
H&M
have recently been featuring eco-
friendly
collections
made
from
recycled materials and natural dyes.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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paradoxical
adj. /ˌpærәˈdɒksɪkl/
contradictory, conflictive
(D) However, critics say that such
intentions are paradoxical in their
nature.
After
all,
if
a
fashion
designer or retailer were really so
concerned,
wouldn’t
they
just
close down their company to save
the planet? Perhaps so, although
this drastic measure would have
much larger ramifications, such
as huge job losses and, on a
larger scale, impacts on national
and even global economies.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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(D) However, critics say that such
intentions are paradoxical in their
nature.
After
all,
if
a
fashion
designer or retailer were really so
concerned,
wouldn’t
they
just
close down their company to save
the planet? Perhaps so, although
this drastic measure would have
much larger ramifications, such
as huge job losses and, on a
larger scale, impacts on national
and even global economies.
drastic adj. /ˈdræstɪk/
happening regularly every day
drastic measures/changes
严厉的措施；剧烈的变化
The government is threatening to take
drastic action.
政府警告说要采取断然措施。
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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ramification
n. /ˌramɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ә)n/
complicated and unexpected results that follow
an action or a decision
These changes are bound to have widespread
social ramifications.
这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
(D) However, critics say that such
intentions are paradoxical in their
nature.
After
all,
if
a
fashion
designer or retailer were really so
concerned,
wouldn’t
they
just
close down their company to save
the planet? Perhaps so, although
this drastic measure would have
much larger ramifications, such
as huge job losses and, on a
larger scale, impacts on national
and even global economies.
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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on a large scale
= big in size
UN agencies are cooperating with
businesses on a large scale, to mutual benefit.
联合国各机构正在大规模地与企业进行互利合作。
These incidents haven’t happened on a large
scale yet.
这样的事件还没有大规模地发生。
(D) However, critics say that such
intentions are paradoxical in their
nature.
After
all,
if
a
fashion
designer or retailer were really so
concerned,
wouldn’t
they
just
close down their company to save
the planet? Perhaps so, although
this drastic measure would have
much larger ramifications, such
as huge job losses and, on a
larger scale, impacts on national
and even global economies.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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(E) Indeed, we all need clothes, just
like we all need most other things
which inevitably cause damage to
the
environment.
However,
as
Westwood
rightly
pointed
out,
buying only what’s necessary and
making it last are key when it comes
to being an ethical consumer.
inevitable
adj. /ɪnˈevɪtәbl/
that you cannot avoid or prevent
It was an inevitable consequence of the decision.
那是这个决定的必然后果。
It was inevitable that there would be job losses.
裁员已是不可避免的事。
VOCABULARY
No.
Vocabulary
Part of
Speech
Phonetic Symbol
English Explanation
1
awareness
n.
/әˈweәnәs/
knowing sth.; knowing that sth exists and is important
2
chemical
n./adj.
/ˈkemɪkl/
connected with chemistry
3
dominant
n./adj.
/ˈdɒmɪnәnt/
more important, powerful or noticeable than other
things
4
drastic
n./adj.
/ˈdræstɪk/
happening regularly every day
5
dye
v./n.
/daɪ/
to change the colour of sth., especially by using a
special liquid or substance
6
eco-friendly
adj.
/iːkәʊ ˈfrendli/
not harmful to the environment
7
feature
v./n.
/ˈfiːtʃә(r)/
to include a particular person or thing as a special
feature
8
footprint
n.
/ˈfʊtprɪnt/
a mark left on a surface by a person's foot or shoe or
by an animal's foot
9
inevitable
adj.
/ɪnˈevɪtәbl/
that you cannot avoid or prevent
10
intention
n.
/ɪnˈtenʃn/
what you intend or plan to do
VOCABULARY
No.
Vocabulary
Part of
Speech
Phonetic Symbol
English Explanation
11
mentality
n.
/menˈtælәti/
the particular attitude or way of thinking of a person or
group
12
output
v./n.
/ˈaʊtpʊt/
the amount of sth. that a person, a machine or an
organization produces
13
paradoxical
adj.
/ˌpærәˈdɒksɪkl/
contradictory, conflictive
14
polluter
n.
/pәˈluːtәr/
a person, company, country, etc. that causes pollution
15
pump
v./n.
/pʌmp/
to make water, air, gas, etc. flow in a particular direction
16
ramification
n.
/ˌramɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ә)n/
complicated and unexpected results that follow an action
or a decision
17
retailer
n.
/ˈriːteɪlә(r)/
a person or business that sells goods to the public
18
carbon emission
carbon footprint
19
make an effort to
try hard to
20
on a large scale
big in size
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Exercises
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Technologies as such are hardly new but now need to be made commercial
___________.
Companies need to ______________ ensure human rights across the supply
chain.
Now to be perfectly clear, my __________ is to trade these stocks until
Wednesday morning.
It will also be expected to design exhibitions on clean technologies to raise
public __________.
The newly-released lap top __________ long battery life.
make an effort to
on a large scale
intention
feature
awareness
on a large scale
make an effort to
intention
awareness
feature
Speaking
Part Two
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/f/ and /v/ are pronounced with the same mouth position of the top teeth
biting the bottom lip, but with /f/ pronounced with more air and no use of the
voice box (喉头).
If you are practicing on your own, try saying both words and making sure
your pronunciation of each is different, for example by looking at your mouth
shape in the mirror.
Pronunciation: /f/ and /v/
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Practice pronouncing /f/ and /v/ using the list below.
Pronunciation: /f/ and /v/
fan /fæn/
van /væn/
fast /fɑ:st/
vast /vɑ:st/
ferry /ˈferi/
very /ˈveri/
safe /seɪf/
save /seɪv/
leaf /li:f/
leave /li:v/
fine /faɪn/
vine /vaɪn/
off /ɒf/
of /әv/
proof /pru:f/
prove /pru:v/
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Grammar
Part Three
I. To-infinitive as the Attribute
I. To-infinitive as the Attribute
II. -ing as the Attribute
II. -ing as the Attribute
III. Present participle/past
participle as the Attribute
To do, doing & done as modifiers 1
z
To-infinitive can serve as attribute (定语) in a sentence. When used as the
attribute, to-infinitive is often positioned after the words/phrases it modified.
There are several types of logical relationship between the modifier (i.e. attribute)
and the modified words/phrases.
I. To-infinitive as the Attribute
A. Subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)
e.g. My mother is always the first one to get up.
subject
verb
B. Verb-object relation (动宾关系)
e.g. He has a lot of books to read.
object
verb
I. To-infinitive as the Attribute
C. Verb-adverbial relation (动状关系)
e.g. Please give me some paper to write on.
subject
verb adverbial
D. When modify time, place, way, the prepositions that followed are often omitted
e.g. We have no place to live (in).
E. To-infinitive to describe future
e.g. The car to be brought is for my sister.
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Gerunds (动名词) can serve as attribute in a sentence: to explain the functions/
applications of the words/phrases modified.
II. -ing as the Attribute
a fishing net
a swimming pool
a washing machine
When present participle (doing) and past participle (done) serve as attribute,
they have similar functions as adjectives.
e.g. a sleeping baby; the fallen leaves
We use doing to describe ongoing activities;
We use done to describe finished/completed activities;
Compare:
boiling water vs. boiled water
falling leaves vs. fallen leaves
III. Present participle/past
participle as the Attribute
We put single present/past participle modifier before the modified word;
We put complex present/past participle modifier (phrases) after the modified
word;
Compare:
falling leaves
Do you know the lady standing over there? (present perfect)
I don’t like the book written by that author. (past perfect)
III. Present participle/past
participle as the Attribute
Exercises
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train __________
(catch).
In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message __________
(hide) within the work.
There’s a note pinned to the door _________ (say) when the shop will open again.
Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse
__________ (appoint) to guard her.
to catch
P23
hidden
saying
appointed
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