高一春·目标清北班
Unit 6
Contents
Part 1. Listening
Part 3. Grammar
Part 4. CEE Integrated
Part 2. Speaking
Listening
Part One
Pre-listening
You are going to listen to a lecture. Before you listen, look at the picture
below and think about the questions that followed.
• What are genetic mutations?
• Are genetic mutations always bad?
学而思网校
Before you listen, read an introduction to genetic mutations and match each word
in bold with its definition.
Vocabulary Builder
Accidental changes to the code found in DNA are known as mutations. When
this word is heard, it is often understood to be negative. However, this is far from
being the case. While it is true that some mutations can lead to disease, not all
mutations are negative. Some, known as silent mutations, appear to have little to
no effect on humans. Many mutations simply create diversity in the gene pool,
which in turn leads to healthy populations and lower mortality.
1. ____________
all the people who live in a particular area, city, or country
2. ____________
happening by chance, not planned
3. ____________
a process in which the genetic material of a person changes
4. ____________
the number of deaths in a period of time
5. ____________
an illness affecting humans, often caused by infection
6. ____________
a unit inside a cell which controls a particular quality in a
living thing
Accidental changes to the code found in DNA are known as mutations.
When this word is heard, it is often understood to be negative. However, this is far
from being the case. While it is true that some mutations can lead to disease, not
all mutations are negative. Some, known as silent mutations, appear to have little
to no effect on humans. Many mutations simply create diversity in the gene pool,
which in turn leads to healthy populations and lower mortality.
populations
accidental
mutation
mortality
disease
gene
VOCABULARY
No.
Vocabulary
Part of
Speech
Phonetic Symbol
English Explanation
1
accident
n.
/ˈæksɪdәnt/
an unpleasant event, especially in a vehicle, that
happens unexpectedly and causes injury or damage
2
adolescent
n./adj.
/ˌædәˈlesnt/
a young person who is developing from a child into
an adult
3
contamination
n.
/kәnˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/
the state of being contaminated
4
dementia
n.
/dɪˈmenʃә/
a serious mental disorder that affects the ability to
think, remember and behave normally
5
devastating
adj.
/ˈdevәsteɪtɪŋ/
causing a lot of damage and destruction
6
embryo
n./adj.
/ˈembriәʊ/
a young animal or plant in the very early stages of
development before birth
7
fallout
n.
/ˈfɔːlaʊt/
dangerous radioactive dust that is in the air after a
nuclear explosion
8
genetic
adj.
/dʒәˈnetɪk/
connected with genes
9
impaired
adj.
/ɪmˈpeәd/
damaged or not functioning normally
10
longevity
n.
/lɒnˈdʒevәti/
long life; the fact of lasting a long time
VOCABULARY
No.
Vocabulary
Part of
Speech
Phonetic Symbol
English Explanation
11
molecules
n.
/ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/
the smallest amount of a chemical substance which can
exist by itself.
12
mortality
n.
/mɔːˈtælәti/
the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of
time
13
mutation
n.
/mjuːˈteɪʃn/
a process in which the genetic material of a person, a
plant or an animal changes in structure when it is passed
on to children
14
nuclear
adj.
/ˈnjuːkliә(r)/
using, producing or resulting from nuclear energy
15
pregnancy
n.
/ˈpreɡnәnsi/
the state of being pregnant
16
radiation
n.
/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/
powerful and very dangerous rays that are sent out from
radioactive substances
17
radioative
adj.
/ˌreɪdiәʊˈæktɪv/
sending out harmful radiation caused when the nuclei (=
central parts) of atoms are broken up
18
reactor
n.
/riˈæktә(r)/
a large structure used for the controlled production of
nuclear energy
19
termination
n.
/ˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/
the act of ending sth.; the end of sth.
20
unleash
v.
/ʌnˈliːʃ/
to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc. be felt or have
an effect
学而思网校
VOCABULARY
No.
Vocabulary
Part of
Speech
Phonetic Symbol English Explanation
21
unsuspecting
adj.
/ˌʌnsәˈspektɪŋ/
feeling no suspicion; not aware of danger or of sth bad
22
birth defect
congenital defect
23
bladder control
the ability to control one's bladder
24
congenital
disease
a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
25
interfere with
intervene with
26
power plant
power station
While listening
学而思网校
Listen to the lecture. Pay attention to the Thesis Statement (主旨句) in the beginning of
each paragraph. Fill in the blanks with the word you hear.
Paragraph 1 Very few ____________ are as well known across the globe as Chernobyl.
Paragraph 2 When the _________ core inside the Chernobyl power plant exploded, it
unleashed radioactive contamination onto an unsuspecting __________.
Paragraph 3 Belarus is a country with borders just a few miles away from Chernobyl. The
country absorbed approximately 70 percent of the _________ fallout from the incident.
Paragraph 4 In Belarus and other areas close to Chernobyl, __________ from nuclear
exposure have _________ a generation.
accidents
reactor
population
nuclear
mutations
shaped
While listening
学而思网校
Listen to the following sentences again. Fill in the numbers you heard.
• Very few accidents are as well known across the globe as Chernobyl, which took place
on April 26, __________ in Ukraine.
• Worldwide, approximately __________ terminations of otherwise healthy pregnancies
were performed due to fear of birth defects.
• In fact, it is estimated that approximately ___________ of all adolescent children in
Belarus suffer from some kind of disability resulting from birth defects.
1986
20 percent
150,000
While listening
学而思网校
Which of the facts are mentioned about the Chernobyl disaster? (circle the correct
answers)
A. It is the worst nuclear disaster in history.
B. It is rated at maximum severity.
C. Its devastating effects are still felt today.
D. The Chernobyl disaster is caused by humans.
(A) Very few accidents are as well known across the globe as Chernobyl, which took
place on April 26, 1986 in Ukraine. It is considered to be the worst nuclear disaster in
history, both in terms of the mortality rate and the cost, and is rated at maximum severity
on the International Nuclear Event Scale. Although it happened decades ago, its
devastating effects are still felt today. This is made clear upon a consideration of the
mutations caused by the Chernobyl disaster.
学而思网校
While listening
学而思网校
According to the paragraph, what happened after the reactor core inside Chernobyl
power plant exploded? (circle the correct answer)
A. Plants and animals are no longer edible.
B. Around 150,000 terminations of pregnancies are performed.
C. Radioactive contaminations are unleashed onto humans.
D. Rivers and lakes in the contaminated area are polluted.
(B) When the reactor core inside the Chernobyl power plant exploded, it unleashed
radioactive
contamination
onto
an
unsuspecting
population.
Studies
of
animal
populations, like one of voles carried out in 1996, show a mutation rate of hundreds or
possibly thousands of times greater than normal. Worldwide, approximately 150,000
terminations of otherwise healthy pregnancies were performed due to fear of birth
defects. Other pregnancies were carried to term, with devastating results.
While listening
学而思网校
1. ______ Ukraine is a country with borders just miles away from Chernobyl.
2. ______ There has been a sharp increase in birth defect in Belarus since 1986.
3._______ It is the damaged or even broken DNA molecules that resulted in mutations.
(C) Belarus is a country with borders just a few miles away from Chernobyl. The
country absorbed approximately 70 percent of the nuclear fallout from the incident.
There has been a sharp rise in congenital diseases in Belarus since 1986. In fact, it is
estimated that approximately 20 percent of all adolescent children in Belarus suffer
from some kind of disability resulting from birth defects. Energy from nuclear fallout can
damage or even break DNA molecules. If the faulty genetic information in the DNA
can’t be repaired by the body, it results in mutation. At times, such a mutation will
interfere with reproduction. Often, it will result in severely damaged embryos with birth
defects.
While listening
学而思网校
1. ______ Ukraine is a country with borders just miles away from Chernobyl.
2. ______ There has been a sharp increase in birth defect in Belarus since 1986.
3._______ It is the damaged or even broken DNA molecules that resulted in mutations.
(C) Belarus is a country with borders just a few miles away from Chernobyl. The
country absorbed approximately 70 percent of the nuclear fallout from the incident.
There has been a sharp rise in congenital diseases in Belarus since 1986. In fact, it is
estimated that approximately 20 percent of all adolescent children in Belarus suffer
from some kind of disability resulting from birth defects. Energy from nuclear fallout can
damage or even break DNA molecules. If the faulty genetic information in the DNA
can't be repaired by the body, it results in mutation. At times, such a mutation will
interfere with reproduction. Often, it will result in severely damaged embryos with birth
defects.
F
T
T
While listening
学而思网校
Listen to the fourth paragraph of the lecture again and write down your answer to the
question below.
Why does Chernobyl remain a harsh reminder of the devastating effects of mutations
caused by radiation? Write down any reasons you could think of.
Your answer: ___________________________________________________
学而思网校
Listening skill
学而思网校
Listening for facts and opinions
A fact is a concrete, indisputable observation. For example, saying that some
houses are built partially out of wood is a fact. Meanwhile, an opinion is an
individual's or a group's thoughts on an observation. Saying that wood houses
are better than concrete houses is an opinion. It can be difficult to tell the
difference between the two, especially in listening. Here are some tips:
Anything that renders an emotional response, especially if something is
perceived as being better than something else, is often an opinion.
Statistics are numbers that can be used to show facts, and are very often
facts themselves.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
(A) Very few accidents are as well
known across the globe as Chernobyl,
which took place on April 26, 1986 in
Ukraine. It is considered to be the worst
nuclear disaster in history, both in terms
of the mortality rate and the cost, and is
rated at maximum severity on the
International Nuclear Event Scale.
Although it happened decades ago, its
devastating effects are still felt today.
This is made clear upon a consideration
of the mutations caused by the
Chernobyl disaster.
.
accident n. /ˈæksɪdәnt/
an unpleasant event, especially in a
vehicle, that happens unexpectedly
and causes injury or damage
She was involved in a serious car
accident last week.
她上个星期卷入了一场严重的车祸。
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
nuclear adj. /ˈnjuːkliә(r)/
using, producing or resulting from
nuclear energy
a nuclear power station
一座核电站
They rejected a demand for the
removal of all nuclear weapons.
他们拒绝了清除所有核武器的要求。
(A) Very few accidents are as well
known across the globe as Chernobyl,
which took place on April 26, 1986 in
Ukraine. It is considered to be the worst
nuclear disaster in history, both in terms
of the mortality rate and the cost, and is
rated at maximum severity on the
International Nuclear Event Scale.
Although it happened decades ago, its
devastating effects are still felt today.
This is made clear upon a consideration
of the mutations caused by the
Chernobyl disaster.
.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
(A) Very few accidents are as well
known across the globe as Chernobyl,
which took place on April 26, 1986 in
Ukraine. It is considered to be the worst
nuclear disaster in history, both in
terms of the mortality rate and the
cost, and is rated at maximum severity
on the International Nuclear Event
Scale. Although it happened decades
ago, its devastating effects are still felt
today. This is made clear upon a
consideration of the mutations caused
by the Chernobyl disaster.
.
mortality n. /mɔːˈtælәti/
the number of deaths in a particular
situation or period of time
The nation's infant mortality rate
has reached a record low.
该国的婴儿死亡率已达历史最低。
学而思网校
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
(A) Very few accidents are as well known
across the globe as Chernobyl, which took
place on April 26, 1986 in Ukraine. It is
considered to be the worst nuclear
disaster in history, both in terms of the
mortality rate and the cost, and is rated at
maximum severity on the International
Nuclear Event Scale. Although it
happened decades ago, its devastating
effects are still felt today. This is made
clear upon a consideration of the
mutations caused by the Chernobyl
disaster.
.
devastating adj. /ˈdevәsteɪtɪŋ/
causing
a
lot
of
damage
and
destruction
Affairs do have a devastating effect
on marriages.
外遇着实对婚姻有极具破坏性的影响。
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
(A) Very few accidents are as well
known across the globe as Chernobyl,
which took place on April 26, 1986 in
Ukraine. It is considered to be the worst
nuclear disaster in history, both in
terms of the mortality rate and the cost,
and is rated at maximum severity on the
International Nuclear Event Scale.
Although it happened decades ago, its
devastating effects are still felt today.
This is made clear upon a consideration
of the mutations caused by the
Chernobyl disaster.
.
mutation n. /mjuːˈteɪʃn/
a process in which the genetic material
of a person, a plant or an animal
changes in structure when it is passed
on to children
gene mutation theory
基因突变学说
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
reactor n. /riˈæktә(r)/
a large structure used for the controlled
production of nuclear energy
The atomic reactor generates enormous
amounts of thermal energy.
原子反应堆发出大量的热能。
adj.
reactive 反应的；电抗的；反动的
reactionist 反动的
n.
reaction 反应，感应；反动，复古；反作用
reactivity 反应；反动
(B) When the reactor core inside
the Chernobyl power plant
exploded, it unleashed radioactive
c o n t a m i n a t i o n
o n t o
a n
unsuspecting population. Studies
of animal populations, like one of
voles carried out in 1996, show a
mutation rate of hundreds or
possibly thousands of times
greater than normal.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
power plant
= power station
(B) When the reactor core inside
the Chernobyl power plant
exploded, it unleashed radioactive
c o n t a m i n a t i o n
o n t o
a n
unsuspecting population. Studies
of animal populations, like one of
voles carried out in 1996, show a
mutation rate of hundreds or
possibly thousands of times greater
than normal.
学而思网校
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
unleash v. /ʌnˈliːʃ/
to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc.
be felt or have an effect
The announcement unleashed a storm of
protest from the public.
公告引发了一场公众的抗议风暴。
(B) When the reactor core inside
the Chernobyl power plant
exploded, it unleashed radioactive
c o n t a m i n a t i o n
o n t o
a n
unsuspecting population. Studies
of animal populations, like one of
voles carried out in 1996, show a
mutation rate of hundreds or
possibly thousands of times greater
than normal.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
contamination n. /kәnˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/
the state of being contaminated
The contamination of the ocean around
Puget Sound may be just the beginning.
普吉特海湾周围海域的污染可能才开始。
contaminate v. /kәnˈtæmɪˌneɪt/
(B) When the reactor core inside the
Chernobyl power plant exploded, it
unleashed radioactive contamination
onto an unsuspecting population.
Studies of animal populations, like one
of voles carried out in 1996, show a
mutation rate of hundreds or possibly
thousands of times greater than
normal.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
unsuspecting adj. /ˌʌnsәˈspektɪŋ/
feeling
no
suspicion;
not
aware
of
danger or of sth. bad
She threw a surprise party for her
unsuspecting husband.
她为她毫不知情的丈夫举办了一个惊喜
聚会。
unsuspecting victim
轻信的受骗者; 毫无戒备心的受害者
(B) When the reactor core inside the
Chernobyl power plant exploded, it
unleashed radioactive contamination
onto an unsuspecting population.
Studies of animal populations, like one
of voles carried out in 1996, show a
mutation rate of hundreds or possibly
thousands of times greater than normal.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
termination n. /ˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/
the act of ending sth.; the end of sth.
The
Founding,
Entry
into
force
and
Termination of Medical Contracts
医疗合同的订立、生效和终止
terminate v. 终止
Her next remark abruptly terminated the
conversation.
她接下来的言论使得谈话突然终止。
(B) Worldwide, approximately
150,000 terminations of otherwise
healthy
pregnancies
were
performed due to fear of birth
defects. Other pregnancies were
carried to term, with devastating
results.
学而思网校
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
pregnancy n. /ˈpreɡnәnsi/
the state of being pregnant
It would be wiser to cut out all alcohol
during pregnancy.
怀孕期间最好完全戒酒。
birth defect
= congenital defect
出生缺陷，先天缺陷
(B) Worldwide, approximately
150,000 terminations of otherwise
healthy
pregnancies
were
performed due to fear of birth
defects. Other pregnancies were
carried to term, with devastating
results.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
fallout n. /ˈfɔːlaʊt/
dangerous radioactive dust that is in the air
after a nuclear explosion
They were exposed to radioactive fallout
during nuclear weapons tests.
他们在核武器试验过程中暴露于放射性核辐
射。
(C) Belarus is a country with borders
just a few miles away from Chernobyl.
The country absorbed approximately
70 percent of the nuclear fallout from
the incident. There has been a sharp
rise
in
congenital
diseases
in
Belarus since 1986. In fact, it is
estimated
that
approximately
20
percent of all adolescent children in
Belarus suffer from some kind of
disability resulting from birth defects.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
congenital disease
a disease or disorder that is inherited
genetically
先天性疾病
(C)
Belarus
is
a
country
with
borders just a few miles away from
Chernobyl. The country absorbed
approximately 70 percent of the
nuclear fallout from the incident.
There has been a sharp rise in
congenital
diseases
in
Belarus
since 1986. In fact, it is estimated
that approximately 20 percent of all
adolescent
children
in
Belarus
suffer from some kind of disability
resulting from birth defects.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
adolescent n./adj. /ˌædәˈlesnt/
a young person who is developing from a
child into an adult
Young adolescents are happiest with small
groups of close friends.
年轻的青春期少年们和一小圈亲近的朋友在
一起时最高兴。
(C)
Belarus
is
a
country
with
borders just a few miles away from
Chernobyl. The country absorbed
approximately 70 percent of the
nuclear fallout from the incident.
There has been a sharp rise in
congenital
diseases
in
Belarus
since 1986. In fact, it is estimated
that approximately 20 percent of all
adolescent
children
in
Belarus
suffer from some kind of disability
resulting from birth defects.
学而思网校
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
molecules n. /ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/
the smallest amount of a chemical
substance which can exist by itself.
the hydrogen bonds between water
molecules.
水分子之间的氢连接
(C) Energy from nuclear fallout can
damage
or
even
break
DNA
molecules. If the faulty genetic
information in the DNA can’t be
repaired by the body, it results in
mutation. At times, such a mutation
will
interfere
with
reproduction.
Often,
it
will
result
in
severely
damaged
embryos
with
birth
defects.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
genetic adj. /dʒәˈnetɪk/
connected with genes
It is the most common fatal genetic disease
in the United States.
这在美国是最常见的致命性遗传疾病。
(C) Energy from nuclear fallout can
damage
or
even
break
DNA
molecules. If the faulty genetic
information in the DNA can’t be
repaired by the body, it results in
mutation. At times, such a mutation
will
interfere
with
reproduction.
Often,
it
will
result
in
severely
damaged
embryos
with
birth
defects.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
interfere with
Smoking and drinking interfere with your
body's ability to process oxygen.
吸烟和喝酒妨碍身体对氧的吸收能力。
(C) Energy from nuclear fallout can
damage
or
even
break
DNA
molecules. If the faulty genetic
information in the DNA can’t be
repaired by the body, it results in
mutation. At times, such a mutation
will
interfere
with
reproduction.
Often,
it
will
result
in
severely
damaged
embryos
with
birth
defects.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
embryo n./adj. /ˈembriәʊ/
a young animal or plant in the very early
stages of development before birth
They are an embryo party of government.
他们是一个处于萌芽阶段的政体。
(C) Energy from nuclear fallout can
damage
or
even
break
DNA
molecules. If the faulty genetic
information in the DNA can’t be
repaired by the body, it results in
mutation. At times, such a mutation
will
interfere
with
reproduction.
Often,
it
will
result
in
severely
damaged
embryos
with
birth
defects.
学而思网校
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
impaired adj. /ɪmˈpeәd/
damaged or not functioning normally
受损的
The
blast
left
him
with
permanently
impaired hearing.
爆炸造成了他永久性听力损伤。
impair v. /ɪmˈpɛә/
损害
Consumption
of
alcohol
impairs
your
ability to drive a car or operate machinery.
饮酒会削弱你驾驶汽车或操纵机器的能力。
(D) In Belarus and other areas
close to Chernobyl, mutations from
nuclear exposure have shaped a
generation. Disabled children suffer
from impaired bladder control,
congenital
heart
failure,
progressive
mental
impairment,
dementia and reduced longevity.
Chernobyl
remains
a
harsh
reminder of the devastating effects
of mutations caused by radiation.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
bladder control
the ability to control one's bladder
膀胱控制
dementia n. /dɪˈmenʃә/
a serious mental disorder that affects the
ability to think, remember and behave
normally
痴呆
(D) In Belarus and other areas
close
to
Chernobyl,
mutations
from
nuclear
exposure
have
shaped
a
generation.
Disabled
children
suffer
from
impaired
bladder control, congenital heart
failure,
progressive
mental
impairment,
dementia
and
reduced
longevity.
Chernobyl
remains a harsh reminder of the
devastating effects of mutations
caused by radiation.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
longevity n. /lɒnˈdʒevәti/
long life; the fact of lasting a long time
Human longevity runs in families.
人类长寿是有遗传的。
(D) In Belarus and other areas
close
to
Chernobyl,
mutations
from
nuclear
exposure
have
shaped
a
generation.
Disabled
children
suffer
from
impaired
bladder control, congenital heart
failure,
progressive
mental
impairment,
dementia
and
reduced
longevity.
Chernobyl
remains a harsh reminder of the
devastating effects of mutations
caused by radiation.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
学而思网校
radiation n. /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/
powerful and very dangerous rays that are
sent out from radioactive substances 辐射
radioactive 放射的
They suffer from health problems and fear
the long term effects of radiation.
他们受健康问题的困扰，还担心遭受辐射
造成的长期影响。
(D) In Belarus and other areas
close
to
Chernobyl,
mutations
from
nuclear
exposure
have
shaped
a
generation.
Disabled
children
suffer
from
impaired
bladder control, congenital heart
failure,
progressive
mental
impairment,
dementia
and
reduced
longevity.
Chernobyl
remains a harsh reminder of the
devastating effects of mutations
caused by radiation.
学而思网校
Exercises
学而思网校
1. Patients with MDS have a _________ in their bone marrow, where blood cells
are produced.
2. Some developed countries have a safe, secure, reliable, and effective
_________ energy.
3. The __________ of pregnancy is totally against her will.
4. Developing countries are lowering their maternal _________ rates.
5. Some estimated that Fukushima has dumped around 11, 500 tons of
____________ water into the ocean.
mortality
radioactive
nuclear
termination
defect
defect
nuclear
termination
mortality
radioactive
Speaking
Part Two
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The /s/ and /z/ sounds are often studied as a pair because they sound very
similar, and both sounds are made in the same part of the mouth. There are
some differences. The /s/ sound is voiceless, and the /z/ sound is voiced.
When making the /s/ and /z/ sounds, air is pushed down the center of your
tongue and between the tip of your tongue and your top teeth. The
movement of the air makes the /s/ and /z/ sounds.
Pronunciation: /s/ and /z/
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Practice pronouncing /s/ and /z/ using the list below.
Pronunciation: /s/ and /z/
said /sed/
zip /zɪp/
bus, /bʌs/
his /hɪz/
sad /sæd/
exist /ɪɡˈzɪst/
cats /kæts/
was /wәz/
sit /sɪt/
buzz /bʌz/
face /feɪs/
is /ɪz/
box /bɒks/
boys /bɔɪz/
circle /ˈsɜːkl/
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Grammar
Part Three
Ⅴ. transitive verbs/phrases that can NOT be
used in passive voice
Using active voice for passive meaning
I. + doing for passive meaning
II. sensory verbs (when the subject is sth.not sb.)
Ⅲ. some intransitive verbs
Ⅳ. to blame, to let, etc. as predicative
z
something want(s)/need(s)/require(s) + doing
= want(s)/need(s)/require(s) to be done
e.g. The flowers want watering.
something be worth + doing
= worthy to be done
e.g. Endangered animals are worth paying attention to.
I. + doing for passive meaning
II. sensory verbs (when the subject is sth.not sb.)
sound
taste
smell
feel
look
e.g.
The ice cream tastes good.
The perfume smells nice.
subject
subject
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open
close
shut
read
wear
e.g.
The cloth of this dress wears comfortably.
subject
When certain intransitive verbs are used to denote the intrinsic feature of
the subject in a sentence, active voice often represents passive meaning.
Ⅲ. some intransitive verbs
e.g.
Who is to blame?
The house is to let.
Ⅳ. to blame, to let, etc. as predicative
cost
succeed in
suffer from
keep up with
have
arrive at/in
happen to
consist of
wish
agree with
take part in
belong to
e.g.
The wallet belongs to him.
The fancy car costs me a fortune.
transitive verbs/phrases that can NOT be used in passive voice
Ⅴ. transitive verbs/phrases that can NOT be
used in passive voice
Exercises
Put the verbs into correct forms and complete the sentences. An example has been
done for you.
1. The broken watch needs
repairing
(repair).
2. The crew ____________ (consist of) five men and eight women.
3. It is worth ____________ (mention) that Sarah has little background knowledge
about Artificial Intelligence.
4. The Egyptian cotton ____________ (feel) extremely soft.
5. Who do you think ____________ (to blame) under the circumstance?
6. The door ____________ (shut) behind him.
7. This important operation requires ____________ (monitor).
8. My grandmother’s homemade croissant ____________ (taste) so delicious.
consists of
P76
mentioning
feels
is to blame
shuts
monitoring
tastes
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CEE
Integrated
Part Four
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(1) How long did James run
his business?
A. 10 years.
B. 13 years.
C. 15 years.
(2) How does the woman feel
about James' situation?
A. Embarrassed.
B. Concerned.
C. Disappointed.
C B
W: Did you know James went out of business?
M: Really? When was that?
W: Last month.
M: That's too bad! He had owned that business
for 15 years. What happened?
W: I don't know. But life must be pretty tough for
his family now. His sons are still so young. One
is 13 and the other is 10.
M: Well, maybe things are not as bad as they
seem to be.
W: I hope so.
z
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(1) What has Kate's mother
decided to do?
A. Return to school.
B. Change her job.
C. Retire from work.
(2) What did Kate's mother
study at college?
A. Oil painting.
B. Art history.
C. Business
administration.
(3) What is Kate's attitude
toward her mother's
decision?
A. Disapproving.
B. Ambiguous.
C. Understanding.
ACC
W: Guess what? My mother's decided to go back to school.
M: Why?
W: Well, she always loved art, but learned business
admistration at college, because her parents thought it was
difficult for an artist to find a job.
M: So she wants to study art now?
W: Yeah, oil painting. It's been her dream for a long time.
M: It's nice to return to learn what she loves. But, Kate, I
still think old age should be about peace and relaxation.
Hurrying to school every day and having to pass exams
sounds a bit too much for her.
W: You know, she retired last year and I'm leaving for the
university soon. She needs to find something interesting to
do.
M: Well, maybe, if it's what she wants.
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(1) What is the man doing?
A. Chairing a meeting.
B. Hosting a radio
program.
C. Conducting a job
interview.
(2) What benefits Mary most
in her job?
A. Her wide reading.
B. Her leaders' guidance.
C. Her friends' help.
(3) Who will Mary talk about
next?
A. Her teacher.
B. Her father.
C. Her mother.
BAC
M: Dear listeners, for today's show, I have with me, my colleague,
Mary Lenny. She has been a radio TV reporter for many years.
Mary, welcome to our show!
W: It's a pleasure to be here.
M: Would you please tell our listeners who most influenced your
decision to become a reporter?
W: Both my parents had a great influence on my choice of work,
instead of trying to pick out a job for me, they helped me learn
those things that led me to it.
M: How did they do that?
W: My father always told me that an education was one of the
greatest advantages I could have, one that would always stay
with me. He used to tell me that readers were leaders, and
encouraged me to read all I could. As a result, I've always kept up
with the newspapers, faithfully read news magazines and learned
to really enjoy books, all of which have been a valuable help to
me in radio and television reporting.
M: What about your mother?
W: Well, my mother helped me in a much different way.
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(1) Why does the man seldom do exercise?
A.
He lacks motivation.
B.
He has a heart problem.
C. He works all the time.
(2) What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do?
A.
He's an athlete.
B. He's a researcher.
C. He's a journalist.
(3) Why does the woman speak of a study?
A. To encourage the man.
B. To recommend an exercise.
C. To support her findings.
(4) How much time will the man probably
spend exercising weekly?
A.
300 minutes.
B. 150 minutes.
C. 75 minutes.
ABAC
M: We all know that exercise is good for us, but sometimes it
seems too hard to leave the sofa.
W: I can see that. You seldom do exercise.
M: Plus, having the doctor tell us to get two and a half hours'
exercise a week doesn't really help our motivation much.
W: Don't be discouraged. Now a new study suggests getting
benefits from exercise doesn't have to be that demanding.
Jacob Sattelmair from Harvard University has done a study
into how much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart
attacks.
M: Emm…, interesting!
W: The study showed that people who put in 300 minutes a
week of exercise had a 20% lower risk of death due to heart
disease. Still, the people who exercise 115 minutes a week
did pretty well, too, lowering their death risk by 14%.
M: And what about the people who exercise half as much as
that, like what I probably do? Does that help?
W: Of course, even 15 minutes would help.
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(1) What did the scientists do to the road?
A. They repaired it.
B. They painted it.
C. They blocked it.
(2) Why are young birds drawn to the road
surface?
A. It's warm.
B. It's brown.
C. It's smooth.
(3)
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
scientists'
experiment?
A. To keep the birds there for a whole year.
B. To help students study the birds well.
C. To prevent the birds from being killed.
BAC
Here is a piece of news for bird lovers. Scientists
have painted a long road, red, yellow and white.
They help to discourage the sea birds from
wandering onto the highway. The area is home
to large crowds of birds that come to stay for the
season. Young birds are often attracted to the
warm roads' surface and get killed by the traffic.
Biology student, Hannah tells the broadcaster.
The youngster's feathers are brown in color. The
dark-colored road surface makes the youngster
hard to be noticed. As the number of tourists has
grown, so has the amount of traffic on the roads.
Biologist Christen says the plan is to see how
the birds respond to the multi-colored road this
summer, and if it works, the idea could spread to
other parts of the country.
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