专题21 社会生活、说理议论类阅读理解
(2010﹒安徽﹒阅读理解E)
The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the word’s supply of water.With 97% of
the word’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture,the wordwide supply of water needs carefull
management，especially in agriculture .Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺) seems strange to someone
fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country,many of the word’s agriculture industries experience constant
water shortages.
Although dams can be built to store water for agriculture use in dry areas and dry seasons,the costs of
water redistribution(重新分配) are very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself,but there is also
an envitonmental cost to be considered.Where valleys( 山谷) are flooded to create dams,houses are lost and
wildlife homes destroyed.Besides,water may flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported
from one side of the world to the other.Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water
to suply its farming requirements.
This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉).
In Texas,farmers’ overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.In the Central
Vally area of southwestern USA,a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys,but
much of the water use has been poorly managed.
73.Saudi Arabia’s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation
water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reseWhich of the folloeing is
true?
A.The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75％.
B.Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.
C.The underground watet in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.
D.Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.
74.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A.Steps to improving water use management.
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B.Ways to reduce the cost of building dams.
C.Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.
D.Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.
WWW.
The text is mainly about________.
A.water supply and increasing population
B.warer use management and agriculture
C.water redistribution and wildlife protection
D.water shotages and environmental protection
rves can only decrease,and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.
72. From the first two paragraphs we learn that .
A. much of the word’s water is available for use
B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky
C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered
D. water can be easily carried through pipes across rhe world
(2010﹒四川﹒阅读理解B)
Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living
building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前)
homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has
special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to
the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.
Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy,
people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable
housing by providing support to housing developers.
ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes
which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and
the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction
costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most
daylight can help save energy.
Michael. Bloomberg, New York's mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New
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Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are
caused, by housing.. So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and
Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all
its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.
Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the
largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.
45. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.
B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.
C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.
D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.
46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?
A. Lower running costs.
B. Costing less in construction.
C. Less air to be lost in hot days.
D. Better prices for homeless people.
47. It can be learned from the text that,
A. New York City is seriously polluted
B. people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City
C. a great number of people in New York City don't have houses to live in
D. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City
48. What is the main purpose of this text?
A. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.
B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.
C. To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.
D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing.
(2011﹒重庆﹒阅读理解C)
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Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about
attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical
opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was
thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the
king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly
way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king
ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor
ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and
hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved
beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than
white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children
off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an
American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.
And the latter position is gaining some ground.
64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .
A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.
B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths
D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
65.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?
A. Afraid. B. Curious.
C. Approving. D. Uninterested.
66. How does the passage mainly develop?
A. By providing examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By following the order of time.
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D. By following the order of importance.
67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To stress the role of dirt.
B. To introduce the history of dirt.
C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.
D. To present the change of views on dirt.
(2011﹒湖北﹒阅读理解E)
Which are you more likely to have wath you at sny given mement—your cell phone or your
wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of
your smart phone over an electroue scannet.
In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in
6,800 of its states. This is the first pay by phone practice in the U.S., but we’re likely to see more
witeless payment alternatives as something called ucar field communcation(NFC)GETS IN TO America’s
consumet electanies. Last Deccmbet some new smart phanes which cantain an NFC chip were
introduced to the midlit.
Already in use in part of Asia and Europe, NFCtheir plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a
one a few ptaht need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian( 交
易)fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave and pay systems that
use NFC enabled credit cards, cellphone service providers truay try to mused their way into the point
of sale (POS)market. Three big gellphone service providers have formed a joinf tenture(合资企业)that
will go into opention over the next i15 months. Its goal is“to lead the U.S. payments industry from
cards to mobile phone.”
The other big NFC sue, apart from how paymeats will be processed, is security, For instance,
what’s to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “ We’re still not at the point where an
attacker can just brush against yee in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone,”says
Jimmy Shah. A mobile security rescarcher, “Usera may also be able to set transaction timeits,requiring
a password to be enteced for larger putchases.
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Bus siness? Keep in mund you lost your smart phone, it can be located on a located on a map
and remotely ned Plus, your phone can be password protected, Your wallet isn’t.
67.What is predicted to happen in the U.S.?
A.The expansion of cellphone companices.
B. The boom of pay by phone business.
C. The dissppearanceof credit cards.
D. The increase of Starbucks sales.s
68.The NFC technology can be used to________.
A. ensure the safety of shoppers
B. collect transaction fees easily
C. make purchase faster and smpler
D. improve the quality of cellphones
69.Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to__________.
A. strengthen their relationship
B .get a share in the payments industry
C .sell more cellphones
D. test the NFC teehnoingy
70.According to the what can users do if they lose their smart phones?
A. Stop the luneting of niet phones.
B .Stop a passwant.
C .Cat all the money out of their phones.
D. Can large purchases.
(2012﹒广东普宁英才侨中、建新高中月考)
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he
attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree.In many American universities the total work for
a degree consists of thirtysix courses, each lasting for one semester.A typical course consists of three classes per
week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during
each semester.Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year.It is possible
to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period.It is also possible for a student to move between
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one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for
the student to show to future employers.All this imposes a constant pressure and stress of work, but in spite of this
some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.Elections to positions in student organizations
arouse much enthusiasm.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who
advise the academic authorities.Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has
to appear before a student court.With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve
a certain amount of activity.A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and will
be of benefit to him later in his career.
21．Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.
A．36 B．12 C．20 D．15
22．According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed to ________.
A.live in a different university
B.take a particular course in a different university
C.live at home and drive to school
D.get two degrees from two different universities
23．American university students are usually under pressure of work because ________.
A.their academic performance will affect their future careers
B.they are heavily involved in student affairs
C.they have to obey university discipline
D.they want to run for positions of authority
24．Some students are enthusiastic for position in student organizations probably because ________.
A.they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study
B.they will then be able to stay longer in the university
C.such positions help them get better jobs
D.such positions are usually well paid
25．The student organizations seem to be effective in ________.
A.dealing with the academic affairs of the university
B.ensuring that the students obey university regulations
C.evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court
D.keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities
(2012﹒德阳高中高三一诊)
The singer, Mick Jagger, of the Rolling Stones sings a song that tells people they can't always get what they
want but if we try sometimes we can get what we need. The past years in my life my parents have told me this
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saying many times. I've always complained about the quote(引语). Although over time I have told myself to learn
from it.
This year my girlfriend flew off to college in West Palm, Florida. This has been a killer for me because I
haven't been able to see her and she is having a rough time in school. The last two months have been hard but we
are working through it. I have been trying to get my dad to buy me a plane ticket to go down there. My dad told
me if I brought him some money he would help me pay for the ticket. I started to complain to him because I had
no way of getting any money to give him. I spent several days and nights thinking of ways to earn money to go to
see my girlfriend. I finally came to the conclusion that I would get a job and work hard to earn some money to
give my dad. I applied to Safeway and I ended up getting the job.
I have been working at Safeway for about a month now and work hard to earn money to go to see my
girlfriend. The other day my mom had surprised me and told me that she asked her boss if she could use their
business miles(旅费) to buy me a ticket down to Florida for two weeks. I was very thankful and told her I would
help pay for anything that I have to. The thought of me working hard and getting a job showed my mom that I
really cared and was trying my best to be a successful person. I believe that you can't always get what you want
but if you try sometimes, you get what you need.
15．The author's parents often told him the saying quoted from the song because________.
A．he liked to complain to them about his life
B．they expected him to learn from the singer
C．he always wanted to get everything he wanted
D．they tried to educate him to do things for himself
16．What does the underlined word “killer” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．Something that is quite troublesome.
B．Something that is very difficult.
C．A person who kills purposely.
D．A person who treats women very badly.
17．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The author was lazy and unwilling to work hard.
B．The author's father was too mean to give him money.
C．The author's actual action won support from his mother.
D．The author was unable to tear himself away from his girlfriend.
18．By writing the passage, the author tries to show________.
A．we can do nothing without money
B．fathers are strict while mothers are kind
C．it's hard for parents to bring up their children
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D．we should try to rely on ourselves for everything
(2012﹒江苏·阅读理解E)
Franz Kafka wrote that “a_book_must_be_the_ax_( 斧子
) _for_the_frozen_sea_inside_us. ” I once
shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.
We'd just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in
class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying？” one girl asked,
as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am，” I told her, “and the funny thing is I've read it many
times. ”
But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to
happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I' ve taught kids with imprisoned
parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who
grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel's terrible logic—the giving
way of dreams to fate (命运)．
For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of
literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster
after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school—one that often
attracts the literaryminded children of Manhattan' s upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of
immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional
“cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet,
perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph.
D．'s.
Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and
Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one
student said, “it's about being a man, it's about manliness.” I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface
and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the
interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The
Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they're all
white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former
students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.
Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students
to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich
(充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words
do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can
be transformative and that it belongs to them.
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66. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________.
A. realize our dreams
B. give support to our life
C. smooth away difficulties
D. awake our emotions
67. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?
A. Because they spent much time reading it.
B. Because they had read the novel before.
C. Because they came from a public school.
D. Because they had similar life experiences.
68. The girl left the selective high school possibly because ________.
A. she was a literaryminded girl
B. her parents were immigrants
C. she couldn't fit in with her class
D. her father was then in prison
69. To the author's surprise, the students read the novels ________.
A. creatively B. passively
C. repeatedly D. carelessly
70. The author writes the passage mainly to ________.
A. introduce classic works of literature
B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart
C. argue for equality among high school students
D. defend the current testing system
(2012﹒湖北·阅读理解C)
It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland's oldest university which helped start a
revolution in higher education. A 140yearold letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study
medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia JexBlake in 1873, the
sevenpage document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was
released yesterday on International Women's Day.
The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案)by parttime history student Lis Smith,
who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: “We knew that
Sophia JexBlake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had
written to the Senates Academicus (校评议委员会)at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend
classes there, but we didn't know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information
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about the university's higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter
JexBlake wrote. ”
In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical
school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her
letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a
distancelearning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access
to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long
after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.
Ms JexBlake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was
accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she
moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.
59．Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted ________.
A．to carry out a research project there
B．to set up a medical institute there
C．to study medicine there
D．to deliver lectures there
60．Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews University ________.
A．by pure chance
B．in the school office
C．with her supporters' help
D．while reading history books
61．Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of ________.
A．the London School of Medicine for Women
B．a degree programme for women
C．a system of medical education
D．the University of Berne
62. When did St Andrews University begin to take fulltime women students?
A. In 1873. B. In 1874.
C. In 1877. D. In 1892.
(2012﹒福建·阅读理解E)
Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were
taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.
But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable.
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Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.
For working parents，the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual
leave allowance amounts to only five weeks ，there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find
themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. For some，this makes even an
affordable family holiday difficult.
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring
and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in
Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most
schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in
safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer
holidays，much of this is missed.
While teachers are holidaying in the UK ，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street
where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an
inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a fiveterm year，Nottingham City Council(委员会)is seeking to reduce the
summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each
followed by a twoweek break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will
be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children
are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom
we all have the greatest duty of care.
71．The passage is probably written by ________.
A. an experienced teacher B．a working parent
C．an inspired student D．a city council member
72．The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to “________”．
A．environments B．holidays
C．wages D．benefits
73．It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to ________.
A．2 weeks B．4.5 weeks
C．5 weeks D．6 weeks
74．The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students ________.
A．obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs
B．get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school
C．benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment
D．have more school days to receive free school meals
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75．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．working parents can enjoy a fiveweek break to care for their children
B．the suggested plans for a fiveterm school year can hardly be carried out
C．the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time”
D．some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday
(2012﹒浙江·阅读理解C)
Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember
how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact,
according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children
and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is
the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars,
or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school
and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor
insult(侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each
lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in
the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict
resolution(解决)：stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the
other person down as well. Rude words, namecalling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the
other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy(策略) for conflict resolution: listening.
Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other
person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask nonthreatening questions to clarify the
speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are bearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong
with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.
For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other
person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these ：How did this
start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply
becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in
Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the
teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student
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cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help
students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life
skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
50. This article is mainly about ________.
A. the lives of school children
B. the cause of arguments in schools
C. how to analyze youth violence
D. how to deal with school conflicts
51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.
A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B. a small conflict can lead to violence
C. students tend to lose their temper easily
D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
52. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?
A. To find out who is to blame.
B. To get ready to try new things.
C. To make clear what the real issue is.
D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
53. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ________.
A. there was a decrease in classroom violence
B. there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C. more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D. the teacherstudent relationship greatly improved
54. The writer's purpose for writing this article is to ________.
A. complain about problems in school education
B. teach students different strategies for school life
C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
(2012﹒天津·阅读理解A)
Bicycle Safety
Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus( 校园). Obey rules and
regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a
minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration
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permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.
Equipment
Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.
Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.
Lights Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good
idea.
Rules of the Road
Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle
paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15
mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are
required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets
you go.
Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not
for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.
If Things Go Wrong
If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could
be fined for：
No bicycle registration$25
Bicycle parking banned$30
Blocking path with bicycle$40
Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$35
36．Registration of your bicycle may help you ________.
A．find your stolen bicycle
B．get your serial number
C．receive free repair services
D．settle conflicts with walkers
37．According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?
A．Brakes. B．A helmet.
C．A headlight. D．A taillight.
38．When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ________.
A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks
B．cycle at a speed of over 15 mph
C．put the walkers' right of way first
D．call the police before leaving in case of accident
39．If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined ________.
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A．$25 B．$30 C．$35 D．$40
40．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus.
B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus.
C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus.
D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.
(2012﹒天津·阅读理解B)
“I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have
followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of
newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college
graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.”
Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued：
“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others
would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen
path.”
“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have
all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my
heart.”
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping
turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing
their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from
their hometown.
41．What activity was organized for the school reunion?
A．Sightseeing in the park.
B．A picnic on the school playground.
C．Telling stories about past events.
D．Graduates' reports in the old building.
42. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech.
B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching.
C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.
D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.
43. We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she________.
A. kept track of her students' progress
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B. gave her students advice on their careers
C. attended her students' college graduations
D. went to her students' wedding ceremonies
44. What was Ms. Yates' belief in teaching teenagers?
A. Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements.
B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.
C. Hardpushed students are more likely to succeed.
D. Students' respect is the best reward for teachers.
45. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?
A. Reliable and devoted.
B. Tough and generous.
C. Proud but patient.
D. Strict but caring.
(2012﹒山东·阅读理解B)
One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In
1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most
ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and
would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文)showing how it was used.
This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British
colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers
responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil
War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire，” 50 miles
from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years,
he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in
1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book
lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院)for the Criminally Insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the
dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly,
sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye
to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was
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completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very
scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary
________.
A. came out before Minor died
B. was edited by an American volunteer
C. included the English words invented by Murray
D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary
62. How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary?
A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.
B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.
C. He provided a great number of words and quotations.
D. He went to England to work with Murray.
63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?
A. He was shut in an asylum.
B. He lived far from Oxford.
C. He was busy writing a book.
D. He disliked traveling.
64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because ________.
A. they both served in the Civil War
B. they had a common interest in words
C. Minor recovered with the help of Murray
D. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor
65. Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor?
A. Brave and determined.
B. Cautious and friendly.
C. Considerate and optimistic.
D. Unusual and scholarly.
66. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The history of the English language.
B. The friendship between Murray and Minor.
C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary.
D. Broadmoor Asylum and its patients.
(2012﹒全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解C)
Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in
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American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman's
smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may
show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion( 困惑) across cultures. For
example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet
many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places(although this is less common in big cities). Some
Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile
enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may
tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
Our faces show emotions(情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we
would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions
as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural
differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many
Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem
to show their emotions similarly.
It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural
differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more
facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are
different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other
person incorrectly.
49．What does the smile usually mean in the U．S.?
A．Love. B．Politeness.
C．Joy. D．Thankfulness.
50．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can ________.
A．show friendliness to strangers
B．be used to hide true feelings
C．be used in the wrong places
D．show personal habits
51．What should we do before attempting to “read” people?
A．Learn about their relations with others.
B．Understand their cultural backgrounds.
C．Find out about their past experience.
D．Figure out what they will do next.
52．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Cultural Differences
B．Smiles and Relationships
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C．Facial Expressiveness
D．Habits and Emotions
(2012﹒辽宁·阅读理解C)
If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there
would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.
While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States
will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their
own national heroes.
But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that
foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.
More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools
teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history
and philosophy( 哲学) ．Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient
Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same
time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the
United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand
their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and
Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.
64．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________.
A．provide some key facts about Confucius
B．attract the readers' interest in the subject
C．show great respect for the ancient thinker
D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations
65．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ________.
A．have a great interest in studying Chinese
B．take an active part in Chinese competitions
C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams
D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese
66．What is the best title for the passage?
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A．Forgotten Wisdom in America
B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language
C．Chinese Culture for Westerners
D．Old Thinker with a Big Future
67．The passage is likely to appear in ________.
A．a biography B．a history paper
C．a newspaper D．a philosophy textbook
(2012﹒课标全国卷·阅读理解D)
Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have
never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as
ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play
catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her
daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks
and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned
something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball
long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle,
twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly
the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a
passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject
well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little
overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.
67．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B．Children have a better memory than grownups.
C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D．Stories for children are easy to remember.
68．The author explains the law of overlearning by________.
A．presenting research findings
B．setting down general rules
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C．making a comparison
D．using examples
69．According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is ________.
A．a result of overlearning
B．a special case of cramming
C．a skill to deal with math problems
D．a basic step towards advanced studies
70．What is the author's opinion on cramming?
A．It leads to failure in college exams.
B．It's helpful only in a limited way.
C．It's possible to result in poor memory.
D．It increases students' learning interest.
(2012﹒安徽·阅读理解B)
blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸)．
People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应)toward them. Green is said
to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People
who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomach aches.
Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲). Many decorators
will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy
Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.
Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat
less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the
color carefully.
60. Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their ________.
A. cultural values
B. commercial purposes
C. personal experiences
D. physical reactions to the color
61. Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?
A. To relax people physically.
B. To increase people's appetites.
C. To encourage people to make a purchase.
D. To cause a person's blood pressure to rise.
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62. What color might help lose weight according to the text?
A. Red.
B. Green.
C. Blue. D. Purple.
63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?
A. Colors and Human Beings
B. The Cultural Meaning of Color
C. Colors and Personal Experiences
D. The Meaning and Function of Color
(2012﹒宁夏六校联考)
In 1986，when Carlo Petrini first coined the term “Slow Food，” he organized locally in his native Italy
to preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food.
Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85, 000 members, addressing worldwide issues like
farmer equity and environmental_stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things
and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livablecommunities.
Characterized by Slow Food International as “good, clean, and fair food，” slow food must enrich the
eaters' life ，have no negative impact on human or environmental health ，and compensatefairly for food
producers' work.
The average American meal travels about 1,500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food
traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country.
However，cost for food travel and heavy processing are not the only problems in the foodindustry that the
environment faces. Industrial agriculture also has unsustainable practices likeinefficient water use and decreased
biodiversity. Our ideas in feeding ourselves are exceptional,but at various points our technologies come into
conflict with nature's ways of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our
food system owe to our attempts tooversimplify natures complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of
our food chain.
“Slowing” food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce theimpact of “food
miles” and develop a closer relationship with their food producers.“ We need tochange our food system，”
said David Prior, organizer of Slow Food Nation EatIn. “Our currentfood system is sick and we need to support
farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has theright to nutritious food.”
36．The main idea of the passage can be summarized as________.
A．why slow food is so important
B．the food and wine culture is rich in Italy
C．what you're eating always travels a long way
D．slow food makes the current food system sick
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37．According to the second paragraph, “environmental stewardship”refers to________.
A．measures of environmental protections
B．ways to establish healthy and livable communities
C．people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth
D．actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment
38．Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in________.
A．improving the quality of eaters' life
B．providing a fair pay for food workers
C．being friendly to human and environmental health
D．developing a loose relationship with food producers
39．What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system?
A．Suspicious. B．Unsatisfied.
C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.
(2012﹒邵阳市第一次联考)
“Children should not be left unsupervised(无人监督的) to play with a dog.”say experts in this week's
British Medical Journal.Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites.
“Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children.” write Marina Morgan and
John Palmer.Every year 250,000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units
in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls.
Accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made
news headlines.
Based on the latest medical evidence, they advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with
a dog bite.They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care.For travelers bitten abroad, they
suggest assessing the risk of rabies(狂犬病)．
In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye
contact, and not tease them.They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless
under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or
disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies.
“Dog owners also need to change their behavior”， says Rachel Besser, a children's doctor and lifetime dog
owner, in an article.
“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”， she
says.Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for
expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership.Educational programs are also
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needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs.
Finally, she would like to see vets advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite
prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs.
16．Dog biting studied by the experts is a problem ________.
A．that doctors dealing with dog bites should pay attention to
B．happening only to a few children of the world
C．only boys may meet with
D．about which experts get accurate statistics from the news headlines
17．The underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to “________”．
A．doctors B．parents
C．experts D．dog owners
18．To avoid dog bites, a child should ________.
A．treat dogs with respect and direct eye contact
B．approach an unfamiliar dog
C．run or scream in the presence of a dog
D．leave a dog feeding itself
19．What are Rachel Besser's words mainly about?
A．All the dog owners would like children to be left unsupervised with a dog.
B．All the dog owners have a correct behavior toward dogs.
C．Not all dog owners appreciate that children should be left with dogs under supervision.
D．Not all dog owners should attend classes about the responsibilities of dog ownership.
20．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Dogs, Dangerous To Children
B．Children Should Know Behaviors Around Dogs
C．Doctors, Treat Dog Bites Correctly
D．Never Leave Children Unsupervised With Dogs
(2012﹒安徽·阅读理解D)
Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.
B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.
C. Kite strings must not be cut in kitefighting competitions.
D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.
69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?
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A. It has two strings.
B. It is simple in design.
C. It has a rainbow pattern.
D. It is shaped like a diamond.
70. According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?
A. A large kite.
B. Any type of kite.
C. A complex structure.
D. A kite that impresses others.
71. What is mainly described in the text?
A. A kite factory.
B. Kiteflying lessons.
C. Special competitions.
D．The kitemaking process.
(2012﹒重庆·阅读理解E)
In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” ， John Keynes ，a famous
economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others
have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may
indeed be insatiable(无止境的), this is not true of absolute needs.
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for
superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all
goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the
thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that
stands out from other meals.
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car
producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it
handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which
made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small
improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.
By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes
actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.
72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that________.
A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
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B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority
C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs
73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?
A. They want to show their superiority.
B. They find specialty important to meals.
C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.
D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.
74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Understanding.
B. Increase.
C. Difference.
D. Study.
75. The author of the passage argues that ________.
A. absolute needs have no limits
B. demands for quality are not insatiable
C．human desires influence ideas of quality
D. relative needs decide most of our spending
(2012﹒天津·阅读理解D)
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a
victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and
suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself
for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way
as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who
might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet
they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their
dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring
the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities,
yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause
others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other
qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to
determine the direction of their lives.
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In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a
job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months,
years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept
the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear
intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
51. What does the word “They” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A. People and things around you.
B. Opportunities and problems.
C. Creators and their choices.
D. Victims and their sufferings.
52. According to Paragraph 2, creators ________.
A. seem willing to experience failures in life
B. possess the ability to predict future life
C. handle ups and downs of life wisely
D. have potential to create something new
53. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C. Victims can influence more people than creators.
D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.
54. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________.
A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims
B. people need family support to deal with challenges in life
C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains
D. one's experiences determine his attitude toward life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To define victims and creators.
B. To evaluate victims against creators.
C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
(2012﹒四川·阅读理解A)
On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon
rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front
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of the wooden house.
Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour
before. Each look reminds us where we are.
There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and
climb trees.
Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As
they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(枫树)makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the
best climbing trees.
The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water
our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything
against that.
The_seasons_change_just_outside_the_door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the
fall and note the poplars’(杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local
stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter.
A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.
41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?
A．The scenes are colorful and changeable.
B．There are many windows in the wooden house.
C．The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.
D．The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.
42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ________.
A．the kids like playing in trees
B．the kids are very familiar with trees
C．the kids have learned much knowledge
D．the kids find trees useful learning tools
43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．The change of seasons is easily felt.
B．The seasons make the scenes change.
C．The weather often changes in the forest.
D．The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.
44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
A．To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.
B．To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest.
C．To show that living in the forest is healthful.
D．To share the joy of living in the nature.
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(2012﹒上海·阅读理解C)
Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have
discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men
are more likely to suffer from stressrelated disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fightor
flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or
physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the
UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to
stress. While men often react to stress in the fightorflight response, women often have another kind of reaction
which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and
nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other
females (“befriend”)．
Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress, an important role is played by
certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend
response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth,
but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator,
Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed,
more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek
social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are
lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their
family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a
typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress
related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tendandbefriend regulatory (调节的)
system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to ________.
A. turn to friends for help
B. solve a conflict calmly
C. find an escape from reality
D. seek comfort from children
73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
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B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
74. What can be learned from the passage?
A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. How men and women get over stress
B. How men and women suffer from stress
C. How researchers overcome stress problems
D. How researchers handle stressrelated disorders
(2012﹒山东·阅读理解C)
San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The
bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to
cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the
bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out
a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed
squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day's coffee break discussion
turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee
to ask the blessing of the City Council( 市政会). The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere
jokingly named the bridge “Nutty Narrows. ”
After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60
foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose (消防水带). It cost $1,000.
It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding
their young and teaching_them_the_ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became
known in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the wornout bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces
were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion
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ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984, and a tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its
builder and his devotion to the project.
67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to
________.
A. offer squirrels a place to eat nuts
B. set up a local landmark
C. help improve traffic
D. protect squirrels
68. What happened over the coffee break discussion?
A. The committee got the Council's blessing.
B. The squirrel bridge idea was born.
C. A councilwoman named the bridge.
D. A squirrel was found dead.
69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably mean in the text?
A. Passing them a rope.
B. Directing them to store food for winter.
C. Teaching them a lesson.
D. Showing them how to use the bridge.
70. Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?
A. It was replaced by a longer one.
B. It was built from wood and metal.
C. It was rebuilt after years of use.
D. It was designed by Bill Hutch.
71. What can we learn about Amos Peters?
A. He is remembered for his love of animals.
B. He donated $1,000 to build the bridge.
C. He was a member of the City Council.
D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.
(2012﹒全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解A)
Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets
are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long
period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious
illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside
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with them. When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long
time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of nonfrozen water.
If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow
banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good
quality. Keep an eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their
pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside,
which may contain something unhealthy for them.
41．What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?
A．They are often forgotten by their owners.
B．They are used to living outdoors.
C．They build their own shelters.
D．They like to stay in warm places.
42．Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?
A．To know when to bring them inside.
B．To keep them from eating bad food.
C．To help them find shelters.
D．To keep them company.
43．If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ________.
A．run short of clean water
B．dig deep holes for fun
C．dirty the snow nearby
D．get lost in the wild
44．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To solve a problem.
B．To give practical advice.
C．To tell an interesting story.
D．To present a research result.
(2012﹒全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解D)
Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kindhearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born
between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because
“everyone's a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive ( 正面的) than ever before. As a result,
Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”
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Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two
clearly different mindsets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here's how they work：
A fixed mindset is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic—you're a born artist, point guard, or
numbers person. The fixed mindset believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as
personal shame. When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand, a growth mindset believes that no talent is entirely heavensent and that effort and learning
make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn't on the line as much, the growth mindset sees failure as a
chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it
enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mindsets. (Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents,
teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mindsets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise.
Dweck's book, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth.
But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren
and even you are never defeated by failure.
57．What does the author think about the present generation?
A．They don't do well at school.
B．They are often misunderstood.
C．They are eager to win in sports.
D．They are given too much praise.
58．A fixed mindset person is probably one who ________.
A．doesn't want to work hard
B．cares a lot about personal safety
C．cannot share his ideas with others
D．can succeed with the help of teachers
59．What does the growth mindset believe?
A．Admitting failure is shameful.
B．Talent comes with one's birth.
C．Scores should be highly valued.
D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
60．What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?
A．Encourage them to learn from failures.
B．Prevent them from making mistakes.
C．Guide them in doing little things.
D．Help them grow with praise.
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(2012﹒辽宁·阅读理解D)
Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver, the spirit of generosity(慷
慨)is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they
can afford, no questions asked.
A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for
six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lunches six days
a week. Those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or
look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.
“It's based on trust, and it's working all right，” says coowner Brad Birky, who started the cafe in 2006
with his wife Libby. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often
unhealthy meals they served there.
“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their
circumstances，” Birky says. SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural
and grown by local farmers.
The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity
behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007, one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals
during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys. “He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the
hurricane cleanup，” says Birky.
68. What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for?
A. They refused to have volunteers.
B. They offered low quality food.
C. They provided customers with a good environment.
D. They closed down because of poor management.
69. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers instead.
B. More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane cleanup.
C. Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town.
D. The lunch menu has remained the same since the cafe was started.
70. The author's attitude towards running such a cafe is ________.
A. unfavorable B. approving
C. doubtful D. cautious
(2012﹒江西·阅读理解C)
Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which
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provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 7－17)with a volunteer adult who can be
both a role model and a supportive friend.
Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single，with or without children. Big Brothers
and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers.They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with,
to talk and go to when needed.
A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four
times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park，cooking，
playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person
develop positive selfrespect，confidence and life direction.
Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most wellknown
provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.
Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10yearold girl who has experienced
some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. ‘I was pretty sure there was something wrong
with me.’
Emily's mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by
‘providing different feedback (反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self
worth.’
Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. ‘I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I
thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it's all work
and no play.’
Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and
look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being
the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!
66. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?
A. To offer students public services.
B. To help students improve their grades.
C. To organize sport activities for young people.
D. To provide partnership and fun for young people.
67. A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least ________.
A．24 hours B. 36 hours
C. 48 hours D. 72 hours
68. According to Emily's mother, this program may provide Emily with ________.
A. advice from her teachers
B. a new way to assess herself
C. a new way to judge her schoolmates
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D. more comments from her schoolmates
69. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program?
A. She used to be a volunteer.
B. She needed a parttime job.
C. She felt a bit bored with her life.
D. She wanted to get a challenging job.
70. According to the passage, ‘vulnerable young people’ are probably those who are ________.
A. popular at school
B．rather weak physically
C．easily hurt emotionally
D. confident in themselves
(2012﹒江西·阅读理解D)
For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a
series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced
men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing
them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for
the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel_is_something_to_be_enjoyed,_not_endured (忍受). The boat
offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the everchanging sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train
also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window
create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank
blue of the sky filling the narrow windows of the airplane. The soft lighting, inflight films and gentle music make
up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly.
Then there is the time spent being ‘processed’ at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along
walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to
another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being ‘processed’ at
departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.No wonder, then, that the modern highspeed trains are winning
back passengers from the airlines.
Man, however, is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too
many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday
maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and the limited space of the flight to
gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. Speed controls people's lives; time saved, in work or
play, is the important thing—or so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open
plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not
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their master.
71. What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?
A. Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.
B. The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.
C. The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.
D. Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.
72. How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2?
A. By giving instructions.
B. By analyzing cause and effect.
C. By following the order of time.
D. By giving examples.
73. According to Paragraph 3, passengers are turning back to modern highspeed trains because________.
A. they pay less for the tickets
B. they feel safer during the travel
C. they can enjoy higher speed of travel
D. they don't have to waste time being ‘processed’
74. What does the last sentence of the passage mean?
A. They could enjoy free and relaxing travel.
B. They needed the clock to tell the time.
C. They preferred traveling on horseback.
D. They could travel with their master.
75. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Air travel benefits people and industries.
B. Train travel has some advantages over air travel.
C. Great changes have taken place in modern travel.
D. The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.
(2012﹒江苏·阅读理解B)
Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic ( 流行病) sweeping across America's
farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and cropeating insects. The
country's farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National
agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastestgrowing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is
afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.
Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of
encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of
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America's farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of
“useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of
agricultural organizations across the country.
“There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect ，” Merrigan said. “We know that there aren't
enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.”
In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food
production by 2050, she said.
“I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an alltime record high, and
global supplies are at alltime record lows，”said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production
costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in
agriculture.”
The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing
interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers' Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal
policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.
Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the
country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21yearold Best hopes his message
—that this is a new time in agriculture—will motivate the next generation to_turn_around_the_statistics. “Never
before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the
most efficient it has ever been，” he said. “There's really a place for everybody to fit in.”
59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture?
A. Fewer and older farmers.
B. Higher fuel prices.
C. More natural disasters.
D. Lower agricultural output.
60. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?
A. To draw federal agriculture officials' attention.
B. To select qualified agriculture graduates.
C. To clarify a recent blog posting.
D. To talk more students into farming careers.
61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because
________.
A. the government will cover production costs
B. global food supplies will be even lower
C. investment in agriculture will be profitable
D. America will increase its food export
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62. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean?
A. To reanalyze the result of the national census.
B. To increase agricultural production.
C. To bring down the average age of farmers.
D. To invest more in agriculture.
(2012﹒湖北·阅读理解A)
You've just come home, after living abroad for a few years. Since you've been away, has this country
changed for the better—or for the worse?
If you've just arrived back in the UK after a fortnight's holiday, small changes have probably surprised you—
anything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobilephone shop to someone in your street
moving house.
So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living
abroad? What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticed—or now take for granted? To
find out, we asked some people who recently returned.
Debi: When we left, Cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middleclass families—all very
conservative(保守的). The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australians, who come here
mainly to work in hotels and tourism. There are even several shops only for foreigners.
Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived
in an inner city where unemployment was high, I'd think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved
this country because they're more openminded and often work harder than the natives.
Christine: As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. But the
differences between the place we'd left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon
as we landed.
To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening—in Cyprus, they're very
relaxed—and I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metalmade buttons
out of my case in the arrivals hall. Everyone seemed to be on guard. Even the airport carhire firm wanted a credit
card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers.
But anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. I just wish more people would appreciate what they've
got.
51．After a short overseas holiday, people tend to ________.
A．notice small changes
B．expect small changes
C．welcome small changes
D．exaggerate small changes
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52．How does Debi look at the foreign settlers?
A．Cautiously. B．Positively.
C．Sceptically. D．Critically.
53．When arriving at the airport in Britain, Christine was shocked by ________.
A．the relaxed policemen
B．the messy arrivals hall
C．the tight security
D．the bank robbers
54．Which might be the best title for the passage?
A．Life in Britain.
B．Back in Britain.
C．Britain in Future.
D．Britain in Memory.
(2012﹒湖北·阅读理解B)
When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.
It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home,
walking two blocks to the rail station. We'd take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the train,
then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn't like the way
the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where
Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.
The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was
born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and,
above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.
Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform,
nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just lightrail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you
have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility
and your wallet.
On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestrut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the
transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As
I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do
it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need
tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when
we go under the river?
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I'm writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and, we now
know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom
met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.
55．Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?
A．Having a car ride.
B．Taking the train twice.
C．Buying more than one toy.
D．Touring the historic district.
56．According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?
A．Building confidence in herself.
B．Reducing her use of private cars.
C．Developing her sense of direction.
D．Giving her knowledge about vehicles.
57．The underlined word “paralyzed”(in Para.5) is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．displayed B．justified
C．ignored D．ruined
58．Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?
A．Airplane. B．Subway.
C．Train. D．Car.
(2012﹒湖北·阅读理解D)
How is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling
grows up in_a_different_family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely
different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the
situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One
sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with
a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently,
researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others' lives. Dr.
Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this
might be that the later children aren't getting the same oneonone time with parents. But that doesn't mean that the
younger children have problems with language development. Laterborns don't enjoy that much talking time with
parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an
understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”．
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped
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them grow socially. Lovehate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the
most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings,
particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically
more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum
degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185
families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were
successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.
63．The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “________”．
A．in a different family environment
B．in a different family tradition
C．in different family crises
D．in different families
64．In terms of language development, laterborns ________.
A．get their parents' individual guidance
B．learn a lot from their elder siblings
C．experience a lot of difficulties
D．pick up words more quickly
65．What was found about fights among siblings?
A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.
B．Siblings in some families fought frequently.
C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.
D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights.
66．The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “________”．
A．having qualities of parents
B．having qualities of women
C．having defensive qualities
D．having extraordinary qualities
(2012﹒广东·阅读理解A)
“Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie
says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure
since another person cares about me and wishes me well.
“Have a nice day. Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who
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is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure.
They_are_spoken_at_me,_not_to_me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else's is the management's
attempt to increase business.
The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other.Sometimes it indicates
the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves
us when we don't know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I'm terribly sorry, but have a nice day. ”
The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heartwarming
because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you.
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing
wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the
countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable
way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the
expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they
like.
26. How does the author understand Maxie's words?
A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.
B．Maxie really wishes the author a good day.
C．Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.
D．Maxie really worries about the author's security.
27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The salesgirl is rude.
B．The salesgirl is bored.
C．The salesgirl cares about me.
D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine.
28. By saying “Have a nice day，” a stranger may ________.
A．try to be polite to you
B．express respect to you
C．give his blessing to you
D．share his pleasure with you
29. According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day” ________.
A．sincerely
B．as thanks
C．as a habit
D．encouragingly
30. What is the best title of the passage?
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A．Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B．Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C．Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D．Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
(2012﹒广东·阅读理解D)
Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television
companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general
public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.
An attraction of sport programs for the major U. S. media companies is that events are often held on
Saturday and Sunday afternoons—the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport
events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much
television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at
relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.
Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising
dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of
major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men
and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.
Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and
the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers.
It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business
managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling highpriced cars,
business and personal computers, and holiday trips. This is also why the networks continue to carry these
programs regardless of low ratings. Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach highincome consumers and
those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. With such viewers,
these programs don't need high ratings to stay on the air.
41. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons ________.
A．result in more sport events
B．get more viewers to play sports
C．make more people interested in television
D．bring more money to the television networks
42. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?
A．Because there would be few viewers.
B．Because the advertisers would be off work.
C．Because television programs would go slowly.
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D．Because viewers would pay less for watching television.
43. In many families, men make decisions on ________.
A．holiday trips
B．sports viewing
C．television shopping
D．expensive purchases
44. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because ________.
A．their advertisers are carmakers
B．their viewers are attracted by sports
C．their advertisers target at rich people
D．their viewers can afford expensive cars
45. What is the passage mainly about?
A．Television ratings are determined by male viewers.
B．Rich viewers contribute most to television companies.
C．Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television.
D．Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.
(2012﹒福建·阅读理解A)
Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his
or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes,
accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales(童话)．
The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10,000 with a cutting from the
Braunschweiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain
white anonymous(匿名) envelopes, each containing 10,000, then arrived at a kindergarten and a church.
The envelops keep coming, and so far at least 190, 000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was
sent to the newspaper's own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14yearold boy who was
severely disabled in a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschweiger Zeitung opened an anonymous
white envelope to find 20 notes of 500 inside, with a copy of the article.The name of the family was underlined.
“I was driving when I heard the news ，” Claudia Neumann, the boy's mother, told Der Spiegel
magazine.“I had to park on the side of the road; I was speechless.”
The money will be used to make the entrance to their house wheelchairaccessible and for a course of
treatment that their insurance company refused to pay for.
“For someone to act so selflessly, for this to happen in such a society in which everyone thinks of himself,
was astonishing，” Mrs.Neumann said. Her family wonder whether the donator is a Robin Hood character,
taking from banks to give to the needy.
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Henning Noske, the editor of the Braunschweiger Zeitung, said：“Maybe it is an old person who is about to
die. We just do not know.”However, he has told his reporters not to look for the city's hero, for fear that discovery
may stop the donations.
56．The Braunschweiger Zeitung is the name of ________.
A．a church B．a bank
C．a newspaper D．a magazine
57．Which of the following is TRUE about the donation to Tom?
A．The donation amounted to 190, 000.
B．The donation was sent directly to his house.
C．The money will be used for his education.
D．His mother felt astonished at the donation.
58．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．the donator is a rich old man
B．the donation will continue to come
C．the donation comes from the newspaper
D．the donator will soon be found out
59．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Money Is Raised by the Newspaper
B．Newspaper Distributes Money to the Needy
C．Unknown Hero Spreads Love in Envelopes
D．Robin Hood Returns to the City
(2012﹒陕西·阅读理解D)
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job
seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may
accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身), nose rings,
or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to
convey(传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are.
Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist
in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether
to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees( 雇员)，
because those people represent the companies to their customer.
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As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers.
There are plenty of wellqualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my
customers. Even though I am openminded, I can't expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer.
No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its
standards, as long as its standards are legal.
57．Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A．People's appearances carry messages about themselves.
B．Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies.
C．Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.
D．Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
58．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
59．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Employees Matter
B．Personal Choices Matter
C．Appearances Matter
D．Hiring Managers Matter
60．The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as________.
A．enthusiastic B．negative
C．positive D．sympathetic
(2014﹒福建·阅读理解D)
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if
you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot
satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.
Real riches consist of welldeveloped and hearty capacities(能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already
swamped(
淹
没
) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much.
They_live_in_too_big_a_house_with_too_many_rooms,_yet_their_house_of_life_is_a_hut.
Your house of life ought to be a mansion( 豪宅), a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional
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interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.
Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you
only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty
of ham and eggs when you're hungry.
Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest
and refreshment. To gain that love would go towards making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone
who has a library but who likes a library.
Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've
brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your
thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.
Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more
human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, play a bit.
Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.
68．The author intends to tell us that________．
A．true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means
B．big houses are people's most valued possessions
C．big houses can in a sense bring richness of life
D．true happiness comes from spiritual riches
69．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that________．
A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied
B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor
C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life
D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage
70．It can be learned from the passage that ________．
A．more money brings more happiness
B．art is needed to make your house beautiful
C．literature can enrich your spiritual life
D．sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness
71．What would be the best title for the passage?
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A．House of life
B．Secret of wealth
C．Rest and refreshment
D．Interest and enthusiasm
(2014﹒江西·阅读理解D)
Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one's personal life or in the general society. Progress
indicates a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead to a better life and a
better way of doing things. All these, however, remain true only in so far as people want to accept technology and
move forwards by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days” ，
efficiency_comes_with_a_price. When communication becomes more efficient, people are able to contact one
another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles
apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets,_such as
mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.A personal visit
carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts. We
cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.
With efficiency also comes mass production.Such is the nature of factories and the success of
industrialization today.Factories and have improved efficiency. Unskilful tasks are left to machines and products
are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with
the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For
example, many handicrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better
able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass
production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analysing progress only from one point of view. In fact,
progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many
old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people's attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society.
Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people's attitude. The
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worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we
accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.
70. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to ________．
A. live a better life
B. look for better methods
C. change ways of living
D. accept technology and advance steadily
71. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to “________”．
A. tools B. messages
C. barriers D. skills
72. The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by ________.
A. describing a process
B. using examples
C. following time order
D. making classification
73. Compared with homemade handicrafts, machinemade products ________．
A. lack great accuracy
B. lack the personal touch
C. are of high value
D. are quite welcome
74. What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?
A. It can destroy old traditions.
B. It can lead to social progress.
C. It can be used to correct mistakes.
D. It can be used to preserve old products.
75. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life.
B. People review the past with great regret.
C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.
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D. People's attitude decides the use of technology.
(2014﹒全国新课标Ⅰ·阅读理解D)
As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other
languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6，000～7，000 languages spoken around the world today
will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)．
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National
Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.
Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral
traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that_tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi
with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living,
working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to
include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But
he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.
At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including
photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of
care and protection.
Now, through the two organizations that he has founded —the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral
Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the
world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were
originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered
languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
32. Many scholars are making efforts to ________．
A. promote global languages
B. rescue disappearing languages
C. search for language communities
D. set up language research organizations
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33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Having full records of the languages.
B. Writing books on language teaching.
C. Telling stories about language users.
D. Living with the native speakers.
34. What is Turin's book based on?
A. The cultural studies in India.
B. The documents available at Yale.
C. His language research in Bhutan.
D. His personal experience in Nepal.
35. Which of the following best describes Turin's work?
A. Write, sell and donate.
B. Record, repair and reward.
C. Collect, protect and reconnect.
D. Design, experiment and report.
(2014﹒全国新课标Ⅱ·阅读理解C)
One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn, for
example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4 ，000 since 2004.
And that's true all across the country.
“ I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age ，” Joseph Stocke, the
managing director of a company, says of his 2yearold son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the
language in the future.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25yearold woman from China, the boy can
already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.
Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another
reason for looking for an au pair from China: she didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I
am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture，” she
says.
“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，” says
Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children.“But parents must understand that just one year with
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an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or
12.”
The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American
parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will
continue to rise in the next few years.
29. What does the term “au pair” in the text mean?
A. A mother raising her children on her own.
B. A child learning a foreign language at home.
C. A professor in language education of children.
D. A young foreign women taking care of children.
30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ________．
A. to live in China some day
B. to speak the language at home
C. to catch up with other children
D. to learn about the Chinese culture
31. What can we infer from the text?
A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.
B. Educated women do better in looking after children.
C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.
D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.
(2014﹒山东·阅读理解E)
The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of
sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words.
The key to their success: 20 tablet computers( 平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in
February by a US group called One Laptop Per Child.
The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in
places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers
analysing the project data say they're already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have
already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten ，” said Matt Keller, who runs the
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Ethiopia programme.
The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8yearold Kelbesa Negusse. The device's
camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the
camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.
With his tablet, Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he
knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's
unbelievable，” said Keller.
The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”， where they can read to learn. It won't be
in Amharic, Ethiopia's first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.
62．How does the Ethiopia programme benefit the kids in the village?
A．It trains teachers for them.
B．It contributes to their selfstudy.
C．It helps raise their living standards.
D．It provides funds for building schools.
63．What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3?
A．They need more time to analyse data.
B．More children are needed for the research.
C．He is confident about the future of the project.
D．The research should be carried out in kindergartens.
64．It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could ________.
A．learn English words quickly
B．draw pictures of animals
C．write letters to researchers
D．make phone calls to his friends
65．What is the aim of the project?
A．To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.
B．To make Amharic widely used in the world.
C．To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.
D．To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.
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(2014﹒陕西·阅读理解D)
One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son's school being comforted by teachers.
That morning, my 11yearold had stomach pains, retching(干呕)into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard
about other children with stomachache or difficult sleeping the night before.
What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highlycompetitive independent
school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day causes no
problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is nightmare(噩梦). Even for those who enjoy
running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.
Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character
building; or it's taking part, not winning, that's important; or that it is a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity
for those children in tears or in pain.
Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting—
and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were
hidden a little from everyone's eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other lesscompetitive event.
Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the
children and a lot more fun to watch.
57. What can we learn about the author's son from Paragraph 1?
A. He talked with some mothers.
B. He comforted his classmates.
C. He had difficulty in sleeping.
D. He suffered from stomachache.
58. Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because ________．
A. this is an independent school
B. it is a tradition of the school
C. it helps children lose weight
D. children enjoy watching sports
59. What does the author think about team games?
A. They should include more stressful races.
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B. They are acceptable to different children.
C. They should be abandoned at primary schools.
D. They are less fun for those who love running.
60. What is the author's attitude towards sports day?
A. Critical. B. Neutral.
C. Positive. D. Ambiguous.
(2014﹒浙江·阅读理解A)
Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)．There
are lessons in that timehonoured coinsavings container.
Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps.If you wished to climb a 12，000foot
mountain，and could do it a day at a time ，you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a
year.If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion，to collect the $15，000 cost，you
have to save $3.93 a day.If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1，434 in a savings
account at 1% interest rate aftertax，you will have your trip money.
When I was a child，my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that，if I wanted something，I should
save money to buy it.We associate piggy banks with children，but in many countries，the little containers are
also popular with adults.Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.Around the world ，
many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year's Day brings good luck and financial success.Ah，yes，but you
have to put something in it.
Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving？Why not an elephant bank，which is bigger and holds more
coins？In the Middle Ages，before modern banking and credit instruments，people saved money at home，a
few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish.Potters (制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange
coloured clay(黏土) called “pygg”， and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was
“pigge” ．While the Saxons pronounced pygg ，referring to the clay ，as “pug” ，eventually the two words
changed into the same pronunciation，sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy.As the word became less associated
with the orange clay and more with the animal ，a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig ，
delighting children and adults.The piggy bank was born.
Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money ，bringing in a sense of seriousness into
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savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving ，adults often need to relearn childhood
lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money— college education ，
weddings，cars，medical care，starting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you
have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely.
41．What is the piggy bank strategy?
A．Paying 1% income tax at a time.
B．Setting a goal before making a travel plan.
C．Aiming high even when doing small things.
D．Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.
42．Why did the writer's parents give him a piggy bank as a gift?
A．To delight him with the latest fashion.
B．To encourage him to climb mountains.
C．To help him form the habit of saving.
D．To teach him English pronunciation.
43．What does the underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to?
A．Money. B．Gifts.
C．Financial success. D．Good luck.
44．The piggy bank originally was ________.
A．a potter's instrument
B．a cheap clay container
C．an animalshaped dish
D．a piglike toy for children
45．The last paragraph talks about ________.
A．the seriousness of educating children
B．the enjoyment of taking a great trip
C．the importance of managing money
D．the difficulty of starting a business
(2014﹒哈尔滨第三中学一模)
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Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy—they're given after all. Choices can
be hard.—Jeff Bezos
I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was
growing at 2，300 per cent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea
of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30 years old, and
I'd been married for a year. I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing
that probably wouldn't work since most start－ups don't, and I wasn't sure what to expect. MacKenzie told me I
should go for it. As a young boy, I'd been a garage inventor. I'd always wanted to be an inventor, and she
wanted me to follow my passion.
I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a
brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on
the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That
sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good
job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final
decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately(最后地), I decided I had to give it a
shot.
I
didn't
think
I'd
regret
trying
and
failing.
And_I_suspected_I_would_always_be_haunted_by_a_decision_to_not_try_at_all．
After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice. For
all of us, in the end, we are our choices.
16．What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore?
A．His dream of being an inventor.
B．The support of his wife.
C．The greatly increasing usage of the Internet.
D．Millions of exciting titles.
17．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?
A．The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind and disturb him.
B．He would be very excited if he tried it out.
C．He would be always having a doubt if he didn't try.
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D．The decision to not try the online bookstore would terrify him.
18．We can know from the passage that ________．
A．the boss thought the idea was suitable for the author
B．the author wanted someone else to try the idea
C．the author might not regret if he failed the idea
D．the author might go back to his boss if he failed
19．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Cleverness and kindness
B．The starting of Amazon
C．Following my passion
D．We are what we choose
(2014﹒郑州第一次质量预测)
Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat
them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care.
However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life,
describes a person who has an unhappy life.
Some people say we live in a dog－eat－dog world. That means many people are competing for the
same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have
to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog－tired. And, the situation would be even worse if
they became sick as a dog.
Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or
her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an
old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way
they do things.
Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. People who are unkind or uncaring can be
described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things
they do not want. But mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to
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enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We
say his bark is worse than his bite.
Dog expressions also are used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the
year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and
dogs.
16．A person who lives an unhappy life can be described as “________”．
A．becoming sick as a dog
B．leading a dog's life
C．living in a dog－eat－dog world
D．working like a dog
17．The underlined word “mean” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “________”．
A．violent B．selfish
C. wild D．poor
18．What can we learn from the text?
A．Everyone can be successful if he learns from the old.
B．It might be difficult for the young to learn new skills.
C．Junkyard dogs are careful in money arrangement.
D．Fierce persons aren't so awful as their appearance sometimes.
19．To support his idea, the author develops the text mainly by ________．
A．listing reasons B．using idioms
C．giving examples D．making comparisons
(2014﹒江西六校联考)
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake
to do for children which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading
ability on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that
reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The
function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to
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devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity. It can
be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed
language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to
public scrutiny．
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid
the child in the quest(探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make
learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience to children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner
fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to
read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the
problem of learning to read by reading.
21．The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ________．
A．it is one of the most difficult school courses
B．students spend endless hours in reading
C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading
22．The teaching of reading will be successful if ______．
A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B．teachers can enable students to develop their own ways of reading
C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable
23．The underlined word “scrutiny” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “________”．
A．inquiry B．observation
C．control D．suspicion
24．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ________．
A．children become highly motivated
B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
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D．reading enriches children's experience
25．The main idea of the passage is that ________．
A．teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
D．reading is more complicated than generally believed
(2014﹒太原模拟(一))
Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money). The purpose
is to let children learn from experiences at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family
to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly
allowance.
In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. At
first, young children may spend all of their allowances soon after they receive them. If they do this, they will learn
the hard way that spending must be done within a budget (预算). Parents are usually advised not to offer more
money until the next allowance. The object is to show young people that a budget demands a choice between
spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or
electronics.
Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your
children for working around the house. These jobs are a normal part of family life. Paying children to
do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a
business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They
can share it in the form of gifts. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it.
Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice. You have to cut costs and plan
for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowances can also open the door to future saving
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and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. A saving
account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest.
Compounding works by paying interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two per cent interest for
two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two per cent of one dollar and
two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot, but over time it adds up.
1．Parents give their children allowances in order to ________．
A．show off their wealth of family
B．let them make more money
C．make them learn the value of money
D．help them manage family finance
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The time to give allowances.
B. The way to spend allowances.
C. The amount of allowances given to children.
D. Considerations taken to give allowances.
3．Why are parents advised to offer young children allowances strictly as planned?
A．To help children learn to make a budget.
B．To have children save money for larger costs.
C．To let children make fewer mistakes.
D．To give them more allowances next time.
4．What does the author intend to tell the readers?
A．The methods of limiting allowances.
B．The advice on a better family budget.
C．To teach children how to use allowances wisely.
D．How to offer allowances to children properly.
(2014﹒安徽六校2 月联考)
I once had a house guest from Cuba. During his visit, I happened to throw an old broken blender(搅拌机) in
the trash. The next day it was sitting on my counter—in working order. In his world, people simply cannot afford
to replace an item which doesn't work properly. They take the time and figure out how to fix it. In Cuba, they are
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still driving cars from the 1960s, mainly because they do not have a choice.
In contrast, the US is a “throwaway” society. Statistics show that each American produces six pounds of
trash per day. I believe a combination of factors has contributed to this phenomenon.
Planned obsolescence(废弃) is not a secret. It is a manufacturing( 制造业) philosophy developed in the
1920s and 1930s, when mass production became popular. The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or
become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures consumers to buy again.
Planned obsolescence does keep costs down. Instead of making an expensive product that will last a
long time, businesses produce more affordable, disposable(一次性的) items. Some electronic items have become
so inexpensive that it is cheaper to replace them than to repair them.
Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money. If a car starts to have
mechanical problems, replacing it with a newer, more reliable model may be more appealing than tolerating it
being in the garage for a week.
In addition, advertising trains consumers to want what is new and improved. It convinces them that the
more they have, the happier they will be.
Unlike people in many developing countries, we live in a world of abundance. A study by Dr Timothy Jones
of the University of Arizona also found that in the US, 40～50 per cent of all food ready for harvest is wasted.
Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life.
1．In Cuba, people usually fix a broken item instead of buying a new one because ________．
A．wasting is prohibited there
B．they are poor
C．they are interested in fixing things
D．they live a low－carbon life
2．According to the article, planned obsolescence ________．
A．began before mass production became popular
B. is intended to encourage consumers to buy more things
C. results in higher prices of items
D. requires factories to produce high－quality products
3．Which of the following is NOT true about the “throwaway” society in the US?
A．People prefer to buy a new blender rather than repair the broken one.
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B．A large quantity of food has been wasted.
C．People believe that the more they have, the happier they will be.
D．People all hold the belief that money comes first.
4．What may be the writer's attitude towards a throw－away society?
A．Supportive. B．Critical.
C．Tolerant. D．Optimistic.
(2014﹒吉林四校联考)
What's a “gift”？ If you look it up in the dictionary, you'll see that it's another word for a present. For
example, “They brought him some gifts.” However, if you're German, “gift” means something completely
different: poison!
The word “gift” is an example of a “false friend”—a word that looks the same in two languages,
but actually has two different meanings. As English is basically a mixture of German, French and Latin, there are
many words that are similar in these languages. For example, the English word “education” is “education” in
Spanish. And the English words “word”，“book”， “nine”， “house” are “wort”， “buch”，
“neun”，“haus” in German.
These similar－looking words can be very helpful when learning other languages—they're our “friends”.
However, sometimes they can turn out to be “false friends”. Here are a few examples.
In English, someone who is “sensible” thinks before he acts and shows good judgement. For example, “The
sensible thing to do would be to consult a lawyer.” However, in Spanish, “sensible” means “sensitive” (showing
understanding of other people's problems, needs or feelings)．
The English word “coin” refers to a piece of money made of metal. For example, “I had a few
coins in my pocket.” But the French word “coin” means “corner”．
The English word “library” is a place where you can go to borrow books. For example, “I borrowed
six books from the library.” But the Spanish word “libreria” refers to a bookshop where you buy books.
The English word “actually” means “in fact”. For example, “Actually I'm not Italian; I'm from
America.” But the Spanish word “actualmente” means “currently” or “at the moment”．
Finally, the English word “embarrassed” means “ashamed”. For example, “They looked a bit embarrassed.”
However, the Spanish term “embarazada” means “pregnant”．
1．We can learn from the first two paragraphs that English ________．
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A．is easy to master
B．is simpler than Spanish
C．has a complex background
D．has changed greatly throughout history
2．Which of the following pairs of words are “true friends” according to the author?
A．Nine and neun.
B．Library and libreria.
C．Actually and actualmente.
D．Embarrassed and embarazada.
3．According to the passage, in Spanish ________．
A．“coin” means “corner”
B．“gift” refers to something negative
C．“educacion” simply means “book”
D．“sensible” doesn't necessarily mean “wise”
4．The author develops the passage mainly by ______．
A．following the order of space
B．comparing different ideas
C．providing typical examples
D．analysing the cause and effect
(2014﹒新课标全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解B)
Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written
accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion
passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 per cent of the total bird population in the United States, making it
perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become
smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometres) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most
abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters
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attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over
them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had
been damaged by Americans' need for wood, which scattered(驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther
north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone,
never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no
sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot
by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them,
known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.
24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons ________．
A. were the biggest bird in the world
B. lived mainly in the south of America
C. did great harm to the natural environment
D. were the largest bird population in the US
25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons' “________”．
A. escape B. ruin
C. liberation D. evolution
26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A. To seek pleasure.
B. To save other birds.
C. To make money.
D. To protect crops.
27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A. It was ignored by the public.
B. It was declared too late.
C. It was unfair.
D. It was strict.
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(2014﹒安徽·阅读理解C)
You are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do.
One out of three people collects tangible(有形的) things such as cats, photos and many toys.
These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several
new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In
doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.
Some of the collections are fairly common—records, model houses. Others are strangely beautiful—branches
that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect
and their answers will tell you who they are.
Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”. These new
ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of”. The thinkers behind the project want to explore
why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves
collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.
Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or
end of adolescence—“it's a growingup things; you stop when you grow up，” says one. Other painful times
are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady
serial(顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.
64．How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?
A．By collecting more tangible things.
B．By showing what ordinary people have collected.
C．By correcting what museums normally represent.
D．By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.
65．What can be learned about collectors from their collections?
A．Who they are.
B．How old they are.
C．Where they were born.
D．Why they might not mean to collect.
66．Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?
A．To help people sell their collections.
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B．To encourage more people to collect.
C．To study the significance of collecting.
D．To find out why people visit museums.
67．According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________．
A．become adults
B．feel happy with life
C．are ready for a relationship
D．feel time to be uncontrollable
(2014﹒安徽·阅读理解D)
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?
In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of
an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example,
economic(经济的) reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both
attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are
many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to
old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate( 影响) its surroundings too
much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in, but the
same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think
this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the
duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we
would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose
something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
68．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?
A．Some of them are not attractive.
B．Most of them are too expensive to preserve.
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C．They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
D．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
69．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?
A．We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.
C．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.
D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings.
70．By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “________”．
A．destroy old buildings
B．put things in a different place
C．choose new architectural style
D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings
71．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain why people dislike change.
B．To warn that we could end up living in caves.
C．To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.
D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
(2014﹒安徽·阅读理解E)
You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association ，founded by Bill
Drayton, has fought poverty( 贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To
support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising“changemakers” seeking to
solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply
give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in
particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy
contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve
social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka ，which handled the
rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.
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When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in
Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated
the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for
the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers(化肥) which were expensive and
had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to
persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progress in
bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
72．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A．Changemakers B．Businessmen
C．Social conditions D．Rubbish problems
73．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”．
A．the local farmers
B．Masqsood and Iftekhar
C．Drayton and his team
D．the poor people in Dhaka
74．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he________．
A．considers Drayton's concept
B．gets permission from Ashoka
C．tries to improve social conditions
D．is a young, happy and healthy adult
75．The author's attitude towards Ashoka's programme can be described as “________”．
A．changing B．forgiving
C．cautious D．positive
(2014﹒北京·阅读理解D)
Store scent(香味)
What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed(展示) at the
entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no.But while a shop's
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scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is proving to be an
increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and
out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.
One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers' intention to
purchase increased by 80 per cent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris, scent is just as important to a brand's success as the
quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience
to what it used to be.
Some years ago, the focus for bread name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving
attitude and don'ttouchwhatyoucan'tafford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (ecommerce)has opened
up famous brands to a wider audience. But while eshops can use sights and sounds, only bricksandmortar
stores(实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they
leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination．And scent is just one way
to achieve this.
Now, a famous store uses complex manmade smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats
through the kid department, and coconut(椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened
a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books，pots and drawers, in search
of their perfect scent.
67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores?
A. Friendly assistants.
B. Unique scents.
C. Soft background music.
D. Attractive window display.
68. Eshops are mentioned in the passage to ________．
A. show the advantages of bricksandmortar stores
B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C. push stores to use sights and sounds
D. introduce the rise of ecommerce
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69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means ________．
A. a platform that exhibits goods
B. a spot where travellers like to stay
C. a place where customers love to go
D. a target that a store expects to meet
70. The main purpose of the passage is to ________．
A. compare and evaluate
B. examine and assess
C. argue and discuss
D. inform and explain
(2014﹒福建·阅读理解E)
As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy
policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind
farms; yet they never take “direct action”， even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage.
And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the
village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民)．
Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out
of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbonbased
power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables,
nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for noncarbon
energy generation.
Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish
an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two
parties in the coalition(联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.
We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it
contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like
them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are
either misplaced or worthy of much attention.
The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “ acceptable” report
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suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the
sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own
conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.
72．We can learn from the first paragraph that________．
A．energy policy catches much attention of the public
B．the residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farms
C．many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies
D．the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents
73．Supporters think that the expansion of wind power ________．
A．is more rapid than that of carbonbased power
B．guarantees an increase in energy output
C．is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power
D．agrees with EU targets for noncarbon energy generation
74．It can be inferred from the passage that________．
A．an official report will settle the energy problem
B．the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms
C．the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation
D．political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts
75．Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?
A．Increase political impact on energy policy.
B．Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.
C．Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.
D．Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.
(2014﹒湖北·阅读理解E)
For most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or
interest that Americans afford trains, jets, and even bicycles. Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of
elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no
downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue,
the elevator's role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the
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car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people
to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing them towards life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直
的) columns.
If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a
brief, boring, and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we
have nothing in common, and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we're hanging from a cable in a long
passage.
In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his
attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that
riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to
it，” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That
mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves
in as we go about our lives.
Today, as the world's urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more
crowded, America's total number of elevators—900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazine's
“2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that's becoming more important than ever. And
for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of
force they are.
67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The general view of elevators.
B. The particular interests of experts.
C. The desire for a remarkable machine.
D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.
68. The author's purpose in mentioning cars is ________．
A. to contrast their functions with elevators'
B. to emphasize the importance of elevators
C. to reveal their secret war against elevators
D. to explain people's preference for elevators
69. According to Prof Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?
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A. Vertical direction.
B. Lack of excitement.
C. Little physical space.
D. Uncomfortable conditions.
70. The author urges readers to consider ________．
A. the exact number of elevator lovers
B. the serious future situation of elevators
C. the role of elevators in city development
D. the relationship between cars and elevators
(2014﹒湖南·阅读理解C)
The behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to
energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to
reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 per cent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being
zerocarbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely
important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change
too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored
by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency( 效率) ，which instead focus on architectural and
technological developments.
“Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, a
UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”In other
words，old habits die hard, even in the bestdesigned ecohome.
Another part of the problem is information. Households and billpayers don't have the knowledge
they need to change their energyuse habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and
benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could
help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy
use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 per cent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in
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the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn
down the thermostat(恒温器), for example.
Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about
buildings and their own behaviour in them.
66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________．
A. zerocarbon homes
B. the behaviour of building users
C. sustainable building design
D. the reduction of carbon emissions
67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________”．
A. the ways
B. their homes
C. developments
D. existing efforts
68. What are Katy Janda's words mainly about?
A. The importance of changing building users' habits.
B. The necessity of making a careful building design.
C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
69. The information gap in energy use ________．
A. can be bridged by feedback facilities
B. affects the study on energy monitors
C. brings about problems for smart meters
D. will be caused by building users' old habits
70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?
A. The social science research is to be furthered.
B. The education programme is under discussion.
C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
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(2014﹒江苏·阅读理解B)
However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.
Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether
someone's time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing
another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what
they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of
hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover
money and time to have dinner with friends？This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity
cost.
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and
enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on,
you ought to be able to make betterinformed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic
rule of all：there's no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time
you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire
life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable.
Yet, in a sense it's human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all
the time.
In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money” ．People want their cash to go as far as
possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage ：“value for time”. The biggest restriction on our
resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our
investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing
other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an
economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
58．According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________．
A．making more money
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B．taking more opportunities
C．reducing missed opportunities
D．weighing the choice of opportunities
59．The “leftover…time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________．
A．spared for watching the match at home
B．taken to have dinner with friends
C．spent on the way to and from the match
D．saved from not going to watch the match
60．What are forgone opportunities?
A．Opportunities you forget in decisionmaking.
B．Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C．Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D．Opportunities you make up for.
(2014﹒江西·阅读理解C)
Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars
less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine
having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills, two thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to
suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye
hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC8 aircraft, there is a fullyequipped
teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight
back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical
programmes. ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure
tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programmes in China so far. For the
seven to ten million blind in China, ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is
working on a longterm plan to develop a training centre and to provide eye care services to Shanxi
Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
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For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1 ，300 helps
teach a doctor new skills; and for $13，000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can
make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS
improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
65. The first paragraph is intended to ________．
A. introduce a new way of reading
B. advise the public to lead a simple life
C. direct the public's attention to the blind
D. encourage the public to use imagination
66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?
A. They are adequate.
B. They have not been updated.
C. They are not equally distributed.
D. They have benefited most of the blind.
67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________．
A. teaching medical students
B. training doctors and nurses
C. running flying hospitals globally
D. setting up nonprofit organizations
68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?
A. Appeal for donations.
B. Make an advertisement.
C. Promote training programmes.
D. Show sympathy for the blind.
69. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. ORBIS in China
B. Fighting blindness
C. ORBIS flying hospital
D. Sightsaving techniques
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(2014﹒新课标全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C)
A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair. The whip
gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion
tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.
With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many
options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something
you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options
in front of you and never make progress?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is
best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end
result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action,
make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all
you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the
habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone
you want to become…take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will
either help you get there or get out of the way.
28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A. To trick the lion.
B. To show off his skills.
C. To get ready for a fight.
D. To entertain the audience.
29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?
A. They feel puzzled over choices.
B. They hold on to the wrong things.
C. They find it hard to make changes.
D. They have to do something for show.
30. What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?
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A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful.
C. Respectful. D. Supportive.
31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， you're advised to ________．
A. wait for a better chance
B. break your old habits
C. make a quick decision
D. ask for clear guidance
(2014﹒新课标全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解B)
Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” towards the environment.“We
didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it ，” says
Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business
people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in
the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times ，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former
governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports, emissions( 排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3
million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced
from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier
place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programmes; today in
1995 there are about 6，600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and
therefore prevented pollution.
Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to
find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.“Until we do that,
nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.
25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________．
A. the social movement
B. recycling techniques
C. environmental problems
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D. the importance of Earth Day
26. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?
A. The grassroots level.
B. The business circle.
C. Government officials.
D. University professors.
27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?
A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.
B. They have settled their environmental problems.
C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?
A. Education. B. Planning.
C. Green living. D. CO reduction.
(2014﹒四川·阅读理解D)
With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that
almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15
minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas( 睡衣). Obviously, students are
terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting(警报) systems, this governs the
sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the
preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much
later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to
stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests
that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that
about 20 per cent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 per cent can be classified as “early
birds”—the other 70 per cent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who
are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before
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midday.
43. What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?
A. Many students are absent from class.
B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.
C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.
D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.
44. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?
A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.
B. Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems.
C. One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.
D. Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern.
45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”？
A. Criticized. B. Grouped.
C. Organized. D. Named.
46. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Functions of the body clock.
B. The “night owl” phenomenon.
C. Human beings' sleep behaviour.
D. The school schedule of “early birds”．
(2014﹒天津·阅读理解A)
A guide to the university
Food
The TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals.
You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you
do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.
If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower
Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as
concerts, games or TV watching.
Relaxation
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The Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and
eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on
Sundays.
Health
Located on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and
social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or
personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon
and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.
Academic support
All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified
volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up
for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door two 30minute appointments per week maximum. This
service is free.
Transportation
The TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the
shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and 3 pm, Saturdays only.
Round trip fare is $1.
36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?
A. Do homework and watch TV.
B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.
C. Have meals and meet with friends.
D. Add money to your ID and play chess.
37. Where and when can you cook your own food?
A. The Globe, Friday.
B. The Lower Café， Sunday.
C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.
D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday.
38. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________．
A. is open six days a week
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B. offers services free of charge
C. trains students in medical care
D. gives advice on mental health
39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?
A. By applying online.
B. By calling the centre.
C. By filling in a signup form.
D. By going to the centre directly.
40. What is the function of TWU Express?
A. To carry students to the lecture halls.
B. To provide students with campus tours
C. To take students to the Mattson Centre.
D. To transport students to and from the stores.
(2014﹒天津·阅读理解C)
“Dad，” I say one day，“let's take a trip. Why don't you fly out and meet me？” My father had just
retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM. His job filled his day, his thoughts, his life. While he woke up and
took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss
watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.
My father sees me drifting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny
stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure.
He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.
“What's our first stop？” asks my father.
“What time is it？”
“Still don't have a watch？”
Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in
granite(花岗岩), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of a little boy.
“Unbelievable，” he says. “How was this done？”
A film in the information centre shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture
and then left the final touches to his son.
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We stare up and I ask myself, “Would I ever devote my life to anything？”
No directions，no goals. I always used to hear those words in my father's voice. Now I hear them in my
own.
The next day we're at Yellowstone National Park, where we have a picnic.
“Did you ever travel with your dad？” I ask.
“Only once，” he says. “I never spoke much with my father. We loved each other—but never said
it. Whatever he could give me, he gave.”
That_last_sentence
—
it's_probably_the_same_th ing
_I'd_say_about_my_father._And_what_I'd_want_my_child_to_say_about_me.
In Glacier National Park, my father says, “I've never seen water so blue.” I have, in several places of the
world, I can keep travelling, I realize—and maybe a regular job won't be as dull as I feared.
Weeks after our trip, I call my father.
“ The photos from the trip are wonderful ，” he says.“We've got to take another trip like that
sometime.”
I tell him I've decided to settle down, and I'm wearing a watch.
46. We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father ________.
A. followed the fashion
B. got bored with his job
C. was unhappy with the author's lifestyle
D. liked the author's collection of stamps
47. What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?
A. His father is interested in sculpture.
B. His father is as innocent as a little boy.
C. He should learn sculpture in the future.
D. He should pursue a specific aim in life.
48. From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author ________．
A. wants his children to learn from their grandfather
B. comes to understand what parental love means
C. learns how to communicate with his father
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D. hopes to give whatever he can to his father
49. What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?
A. The call solves their disagreements.
B. The Swiss watch has drawn them closer.
C. They decide to learn photography together.
D. They begin to change their attitudes to life.
50. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Love nature, love life
B. A son lost in adventure
C. A journey with dad
D. The art of travel
(2014﹒天津·阅读理解D)
People aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it.
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The
journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely
become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going
to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such
a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the
effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the
Stature of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middleaged persons as bad for the heart. But a wellknown
British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A
person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an
ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can
learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a
living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare
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to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is
a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic
light to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate
what is basic and everlasting.
51. What is the national sickness?
A. Walking too much.
B. Travelling too much.
C. Driving cars too much.
D. Climbing stairs too much.
52. What was life like when the author was young?
A. People usually went around on foot.
B. People often walked 25 miles a day.
C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.
D. People considered a tenhour walk as a hardship.
53. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that________.
A. middleaged people like getting back to nature
B. walking in nature helps enrich one's mind
C. people need regular exercise to keep fit
D. going on foot prevents heart disease
54. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?
A. A queue of cars.
B. A ray of traffic light.
C. A flash of lightning.
D. A stream of people.
55. What is the author's intention of writing this passage?
A. To tell people to reflect more on life.
B. To recommend people to give up driving.
C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.
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D. To encourage people to return to walking.
(2014﹒浙江·阅读理解B)
Here is some mustknow information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some
countries.
In Brazil
Brazilians are warm and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to
touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek
kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe,
be on time.Meals can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in
the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social，preferring facetoface communication over emails or phone calls.
In Singapore
Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small ，polite
bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be
on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fastpaced.Singaporeans are direct in their
discussions，even when the subject is about money.Rank is important and authority is respected.This determines
how people interact in meetings.For example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.
In the United Arab Emirates
In the UAE，status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The
handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So do not pull away from the handshake. Women should cover
themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows( 肘部) and down to the
knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes，but they also hold business meals at restaurants.Touching
or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are onetoone，if your host offers
you coffee，you should refuse.It might seem odd，but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if
it is already set out or presented.
In Switzerland
The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private
lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality ( 守时) in vital，something that comes
from a deep respect for others' time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They also have
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clear structure in their companies.Higherups make the final decisions，even if others might disagree.Neat，clean
dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their
elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your plate.
46．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．communication types
B．the workplace atmosphere
C．customs and social manners
D．living conditions and standards
47．Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with the boss?
A．They put efficiency in the first place.
B．They dislike facetoface communication.
C．They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.
D．They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.
48．In the UAE，when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?
A．When greeting seniors.
B．When meeting the host alone.
C．When attending a presentation.
D．When dining with business partners.
49．In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?
A．In Brazil.
B．In Singapore.
C．In the United Arab Emirates.
D．In Switzerland.
(2014﹒重庆·阅读理解D)
One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant
had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed. I urged the elephant deeper into the
forest. We sounded like a forest fire—crackling, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp
warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it again—the telltale call of a spotted deer.
I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches，
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beneath which the patchwork(交错) of green plants and shadowwithinshadows would make tiger stripes(条纹)
look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.
Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her
mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephant's neck; there was a soft part, free of
wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear.
This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end.
Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest
seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy
enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a tiger, I could have gone to a
zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty ；tracking them can make you aware of something
more.
48. Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?
A. The elephant stopped.
B. A spotted deer called.
C. The elephant seized a branch.
D. The forest was silent for a while.
49. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by________
A. describing various sounds
B. comparing different animals
C. listing different activities
D. introducing various plants
50. What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” most probably mean?
A. To see the diversity.
B. To enjoy the scenery.
C. To feel the atmosphere.
D. To experience the freedom.
51. How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?
A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.
B. It is very timeconsuming to travel in Corbett.
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C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.
D. The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing.
(2014﹒重庆·阅读理解E)
It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and
attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel
brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behaviour comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also
draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own
behaviour. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our
preferences are from our behaviour? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care
about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behaviour to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don't just use our behaviour to learn about our particular types of character—we infer
characters that weren't there before. Our behaviour is often shaped by little pressures around us，which we fail to
recognize. Maybe_we_recycle_because_our_wives_and_neighbours_would_disapprove_if_we_didn't. Maybe we
buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a
result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do，though it
may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's
advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ”
52. According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to ________．
A. determine one's behaviour
B. reflect one's taste
C. influence one's surroundings
D. result from one's habits
53. Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
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54. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behaviour is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behaviour and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
(2015﹒湖北﹒阅读理解A)
“I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining
out there?”“No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me
earlier.”
As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a
naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near
Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him.
The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists
are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies,
tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the
area’s annual pony drift(迁移).
The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones
can be stooped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited
area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the
number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.
Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I
noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun,
but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
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I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s
Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out
to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed
him, and he began to run happily around again.
Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in
this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans
to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.
51.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?
A. To protect the tourists from being bitten
B. To keep the ponies off the petrol station
C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger
D. To prevent the ponies from fighting
52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________.
A. to feed baby ponies on milk
B. to control the number of ponies
C. to expand the habitat for ponies
D. to sell the ponies at a good price
53.What as the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?
A. He freed it from the trap
B. He called a protection officer
C. He worried about it very much
D. He thought of it as being naughty
54.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies?
A. It lacks people’s involvement.
B. It costs a large amount of money
C. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.
D. It has caused an imbalance of species
(2015﹒湖北﹒阅读理解C)
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Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the
Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually
in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still
attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a
relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织)
and media industries, and modern architecture.
In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming,
sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from
Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of
the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of
the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial
textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory
closed in the 1960s.
The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen
Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas
in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum
became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy
neighborhoods surrounding the town.
In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable
buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces ( 杰作) are so many that
Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum
and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in
many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of
“blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M.
Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.
59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______.
A. it has a large population
B. it is cut off from big cities
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C. it has many beautiful gardens
D. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil
60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?
A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam
B. Helping its textile industry to develop
C. Constructing large villas for the poor
D. Assisting its agricultural industry
61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______.
A. a radio factory
B. the medial capital
C. a radio station
D. a TV station
62.What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?
A. It consists of approximately 75 buildings
B. It looks like an open air museum in the city
C. It is a classic example in architecture textbooks
D. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum.
(2015﹒湖北﹒阅读理解E)
Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help
bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑)
to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal:
The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of
writers who have failed to resist the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more
ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.
The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the
sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?
To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（）. Considering this,
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you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an
unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he
tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s
attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear
about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual
attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.
On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is
mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the
chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly
not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie
elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.
67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.
A. illustrate where science can be applied
B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book
C. remind the reader of the importance of science
D. explain why many writers use science in their works
68.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?
A. Its strong basis.
B. Its convincing points.
C. Its clear writing.
D. Its memorable characters.
69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?
A. Contradictory.
B. Supportive.
C . Cautious.
D. Critical.
70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A. Problems with the book.
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B. Brooks’s life experience.
C. Death of the characters.
D. Brooks’s translation skills.
(2015﹒北京﹒阅读理解D)
Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better.
However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in
attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending
college. Surveys ( 调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or
“somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same
surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation
ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s
lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.
However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go
of their “adult” children.
In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the
case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted
to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably
not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to
do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents - today’s grandparents
- would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a
barrier.
Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between
parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their
parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is
neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many
implications well beyondthe role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have
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left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and
not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
67. The surveys inform us of ______.
A. the development of technology
B. the changes of adult children’s behavior
C. the parents’ over-protection of their college children
D. the means and expenses of students’ communication
68. The writer believes that ______.
A. parents today are more protective than those in the past
B. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh itsadvantages
C. technology explains greater parental involvement with theirchildren
D. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayedindependence
69. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Technology or Attitude
B. Dependence or Independence
C. Family Influence or Social Changes
D. College Management or Communication Advancement
70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
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(2015﹒北京﹒阅读理解D)
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new
world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There
were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both
tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And
Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten,
which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and
the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the
desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was
free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were
saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the
welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his
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pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all
men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all.
If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It
was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a
spiritual change which affected the whole state. It had been the Athenian’ s pride and joy to give to
their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be
a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her
citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them.
What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and
with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected
to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business
possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.
There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence
and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price
every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient
Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But, “the excellent becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but
freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The
capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking
Greek. Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good
idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that man’s
thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it
is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization.
C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power.
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66.People believing in freedom are those who________ .
A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary object
C. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity
67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?
A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Athens would continue to be free.
B. Athens would cease to have freedom.
C. Freedom would come from responsibility.
D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?
A. The author is hopeful about freedom.
B. The author is cautious about self-government.
C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D. The author is proud of man’s capacity.
70. What is the author’s understanding of freedom?
A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
(2015﹒广东﹒阅读理解B)
When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t
very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got
pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you
have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t
know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish
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does?
As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books
on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I
learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.
That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is
usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the
sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and
catching them..
When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all
need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If
you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think
like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and
richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an
easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.
31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?
A. He could not catch a fish.
B. His father was not patient with him.
C. His father did not teach him fishing.
D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.
32. What did the author’s father really mean?
A. To read about fish.
B. To learn fishing by oneself.
C. To understand what fish think.
D. To study fishing in many ways.
33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.
A. in deep water on sunny days
B. in deep water on cloudy days
C. in shallow water under sunlight
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D. in shallow water under waterside trees.
34. After entering the business world, the author found _________.
A. it easy to think like a customer
B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring
C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable
D. it difficult to sell services to poor people
35. This passage most likely comes from _________.
A. a fishing guide
B. a popular sales book
C. a novel on childhood
D. a millionaire’s biography
(2015﹒广东﹒阅读理解D)
It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique
characteristics.
In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in
Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.
But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion
found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class
was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class
differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important
part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.
One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks
tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC
newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded
'educated' and 'soft'. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional
（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as 'common' and 'ugly'. However, a similar study
of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as
the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent
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have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt
some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming
unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song 'Common People' puts forward the view that though a
middle-class person may 'want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of
a working-class life.
41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________.
A. it is time to end class distinction
B. most people belong to middle class
C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class
D. people regard themselves socially different
42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. variety
B. most people belong to middle class
C. authority
D. qualification
43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _________.
A. regional
B. educated
C. prejudiced
D. unattractive
44. British attitudes towards accent _________.
A. have a long tradition
B. are based on regional status
C. are shared by the Americans
D. have changed in recent years
45. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The middle class is expanding
B. A person’s accent reflects his class
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C. Class is a key part of British society
D. Each class has unique characteristics.
(2015﹒陕西﹒阅读理解D)
Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school
grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a
child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them
to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children
to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.
Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this
but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in
their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with
homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the
task." They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases
never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."
Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging
things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of
parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.
Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with
good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did
not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big surprise was that Asian-
American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more
reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."
58. The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A. parents' expectation on children's health
B. parents' participation in children's education
C. parents' control over children's life
D. parents' plan for children's future
59. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ?
A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.
B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.
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C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.
D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework.
60. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .
A. help children realize the importance of schooling
B. set a specific life goal for their children
C. spend more time improving their own lives
D. take a more active part in school management
(2015﹒四川﹒阅读理解C)
Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and
daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But, according to a new study, we
should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.
Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the
new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much
as＄172,000 a year.
The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to
determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister
earns.
By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which
would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers
with children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and
finished at around 11pm.
To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles
that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer.
Being a part-time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum
jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.
It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感
的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.
Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going
out with friends.
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The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The
emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but
children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and
raising relationships is money well spent.
38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?
A.￡30,000. B.￡142,000.
C.￡172,000. D.￡202,000.
39.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from.
A. emotional demand B. low pay for work
C. heavy workload D. lack of training
40.What is stressed in the last paragraph?
A. Mothers’importance shows in family all year long.
B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.
C. Mothers’devotion to children can hardly be calculated.
D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.
41.What can we conclude from the study?
A. Mothers’working hours should be largely reduced.
B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.
C. Mothers’labour is of a higher value than it is realised.
D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.
(2015﹒天津﹒阅读理解D)
Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me
for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and
brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom
because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at
all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance,
I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
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Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious
about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment,
creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical
ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed
much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge
player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that
I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹） — and stopped
him cold.”
Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired
overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely,
there will be setbacks ( 挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of
success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who
tries to do nothing and succeeds.
So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater
than you ever dreamed.
51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?
A. He faced huge risks.
B. He lacked mighty forces.
C. Fear prevented him from trying.
D. Failure blocked his way to success.
52.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?
A. Swallow more than you can digest.
B. Act slightly above your abilities.
C. Develop more mysterious powers.
D. Learn to make creative decisions.
53. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?
A. His physical strength.
B. His basic skill.
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C. His real fear.
D. His spiritual force.
54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?
A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.
B. Trying without success is meaningless.
C. Repeated failure creates a better life.
D. Boldness can be gained little by little.
55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To encourage people to be courageous.
B. To advise people to build up physical power.
C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.
D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.
(2015﹒浙江﹒阅读理解A)
From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible
failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher
and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means
that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone.
After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their
fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.
One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about
reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of
books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions
to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it
and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.
“
The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to
us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I
had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean
that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.
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During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a
glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be,” and
went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I
said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over
those parts and go on to the next good part. “
This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is,an exciting, joyous
adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out
of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child
get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.
41. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from________.
A. reading little and thinking little
B. reading often and adventurously
C. being made to read too much
D. being made to read aloud before others
42. The teacher told his students to read______ .
A. for enjoyment B. for knowledge
C. for a larger vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams
43. Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that________.
A. it sounded stupid
B. it was not surprising at all
C. it sounded too good to be true
D. it was no different from other teachers' talk
44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
45. From the teacher's point of view,_________ .
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A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading
B. children should be left to decide what to read and how to read
C. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school
D. reading involves understanding every little piece of information
(2015﹒浙江﹒阅读理解B)
Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages,and
other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages
and pages explaining the data .
Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title
,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and
understand graphs just like any other text .
Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key,
and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data.
Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400
African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well.
The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of
information is being shown. A legend, also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in
the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner,
Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label.
The label tells you what each axis measures.
Bar Graphs
A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show
amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades
that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many
students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students
earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the
vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can
get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).
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Line Graphs
A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of
Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled
axes –and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of
intersection rather than the line
segments between the points, This type of graph is most
commonly used to show how something changes over time.
Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See
Graph 2).
The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is
kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment
goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line
segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer
kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the
bird’s migration.
Pie Graphs
A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle
is divided into sections, and each section represents a
fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show
percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each
piece is a fraction of the whole.
A pie graph might include a legend ，or it might use
icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month’s expense, (See Graph 3 ).
Food $ 25
Movies $ 12
Clothing $ 36
Savings $ 20
Books $ 7
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46. When used in a graph，a legend is_____
A. a guide to the symbols and colors
B. an introduction paragraph
C. the main idea
D. the data
47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?
A .4.
B.6.
C.10.
D.20 .
48. The bird covered the longest distance on _____
A. Day 1
B. Day 2
C. Day 3
D. Day 4
49. Which of the following cost Amy most ?
A. Food.
B. Books
C. Movies
D. Clothing.
(2015﹒浙江﹒阅读理解D)
In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire
for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their canine lust.
But why , they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.” But we’ll do it.”Really?
You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I don’t believe
you .” We will . We promise.
They didn’t . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day ) , neither
thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her
shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As
she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large) , she calculated ,”The
medium one is the sucker in the pack .”
Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . She’d
look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would
understand — which , strangely , I almost always did . In no time , she became my feet as I read ,
and splaying across my stomach as I watched television .
Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair ,
I’d balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I’ d loudly remind anyone
within earshot upon our return home .
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Then one day — January 1, 2007 , to be exact — my husband ‘ s doctor uttered an unthinkable
word : leukemia ( 白血病) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital ,
doing any117thing and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of
hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she
returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for
medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained.
Save one: Misty still needed walking. At the beginning, when friends offered to take her
through her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.
As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the
morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just
be before the day's medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's
upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.
When serious illness visits your household, it's , not just your daily routine and your assumptions
about the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently.
Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or ’one marrow test
results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so
joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me
that life goes on.
After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.
I'm grateful 一to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've come to enjoy m’ walks with
Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an
exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the
present or unpredictable the future , there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from
the moment.
55. why didn't the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?
A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble.
B. It would be her business to take care of the dog
C. Her husband and daughter were united as one.
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D. She didn't want to spoil he’ daughter.
56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to "The medium one is “he sucker in the pack.”
(Paragraph 3)?
A. "The middle-aged person loves me most.”
B. ”The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”
C. "The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”
D. "The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”
57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_______.
A. Misty was quite clever
B. Misty could solve math problems
C. the writer was a slow learner
D. no one walked Misty the first day
58. The story came to its turning point when________.
A. Joe died in 2009
B. Joe fell ill in 2007
C. the writer began to walk the dog
D. the dog tired to please the writer
59. Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?
A. Misty couldn’t live without her
B. Her friends didn’t offer any help
C. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.
D. She didn't want Misty to ’others companion.
60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?
A. One should learn to enjoy hard times.
B .A disaster can change everything in life.
C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.
D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.
(2015﹒重庆﹒阅读理解B)
In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by
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making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more
tactics（策略）.
One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables
in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that
they will buy more junk food （垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores, section is
generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to
find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try
later.
Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked
goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell
into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when
French music was played, sales of French wine went up.
When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find
that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door, and turn it into a
business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When
entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the
poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels
helped sell these $10 million houses.
40. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?
A. To save customers times.
B. To show they are high quality foods.
C. To help sell junk food.
D. To sell them at discount prices.
41. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?
A. Opening the store early in the morning.
B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.
C. Inviting customers to play music.
D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.
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42. What is the California builder’s story intended to prove?
A. The house structure is a key factor customers consider.
B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells.
C. An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste.
D. A good first impression increases sales.
43. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.
B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past.
C. To report researches on customer behavior.
D. To show dishonest business practices.
(2015﹒重庆﹒阅读理解C)
LakeLander
·2 hours ago
Today, a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading,
making many passengers upset. I wonder how he would react if I were to read my
newspaperoutloudonthetrain, Ihave never had the courage to do it, though.
Pak50 ··· ·57 minutes ago
Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a
musical instrument. The late musician Dennis Brian is said to have
asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his
request was refused, he took out his French horn(号) and started
to practice.
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Join the discussion…
Angie O’Edema·42 minutes ago
I don’t see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public.
Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t like to be done to yourself. Once, a
passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat
quietly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this
and apologised to me. When his phone rang again later, he left his seat to
answer it. You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.
Taodas ·29 minutes ago
I did read my newspaper out loud on a train, and it turned out well. The guy took it
in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.
Sophie 76 ·13minutes ago
I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train, but ,several years ago, I
read some chapters from Harry Porter to my bored and noisy children. Several
passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.
44. The passenger made an apology to Angie O’Edema because____.
A. he offered his seat to someone else
B. he spoke very loudly on his phone
C. he refused to talk with Angie
D. he ignored Angie’s request
45. Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?
A. Pak50
B. Angie O’Edema
C. Taodas
D. Sophie76
46. What is the discussion mainly about?
A. How to react to bad behavior.
B. How to kill time on a train.
C. How to chat with strangers.
D. How to make a phone call.
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47. Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A webpage.
B. A newspaper.
C. A novel.
D. A report.
(2015﹒重庆﹒阅读理解E)
The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections
of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some
works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.
History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language
of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter
Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art,
even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal
and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of
taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially
permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type,
he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over
centuries.
Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For
example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting
themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental
analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as
permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.
52. According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?
A. It introduces different cultural values.
B. It explains the history of artistic works.
C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.
D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.
53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ .
A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries
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B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart
C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts
D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures
54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ .
A .they are results of scientific study
B. they establish some general principles of art
C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists
D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature
55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Are Artistic Values Universal?
B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?
C. Is Human Nature Uniform?
D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?
(2015﹒安徽﹒阅读理解C)
As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember
less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory,
your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team
wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40
unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood thatthe computer
would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it.
Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they
could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find
the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder ( 文件夹).
Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people
use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This
is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)".
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.
Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning
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how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This
doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we
use memory is changing.
64. The passage begins with two questions to ______.
A. introduce the main topic
B. show the author's altitude
C. describe how to use the Interne.
D. explain how to store information
65. What can we learn about the first experiment?
A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.
B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.
C. The first group did not try to remember the formation.
D. The second group did not understand the information.
66. In transactive memory, people ______.
A. keep the information in mind
B. change the quantity of information
C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information
67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?
A. Weare using memory differently.
B. We arebecoming more intelligent.
C. We have poorer memories than before.
D. We need a better way to access information.
(2015﹒安徽﹒阅读理解E)
Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is
a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning,
and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and
when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between
rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common
symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are
cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition
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hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States,
pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece,
people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies ( 预示)
success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role.
In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that
includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and
moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different
cultures around the world.
72. According to the passage, sharing bread______.
A. indicates a lack of food
B. can help to develop unity
C. is a custom unique to rural areas
D. has its roots in birthday celebrations
73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?
A. Trust.
B. Success.
C. Health.
D. Togetherness.
74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.
A. using examples
B. making comparisons
C. analyzing causes
D. describing processes
75. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The custom of sharing food.
B. The specific meaning of food.
C. The role of food in ceremonies.
D. The importance of food in culture.
(2015﹒湖南﹒阅读理解A)
Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger
We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.
■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists.
But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.
People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the
mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the
same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us
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have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.
The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in
worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.
——Michael Horan
■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid
they seem to think they own the roads.
I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me
and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.
The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.
The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!
The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets,
fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay
some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.
——Carol Harvey
■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at
speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic
lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there
was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not
cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian
or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an
opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______.
A. drivers should be polite to cyclists
B. road accidents can actually be avoided
C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety
D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes
57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______.
A. be provided with enough roads
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B. be asked to ride on their own lanes
C. be made to pay less tax for cycling
D. be fined for laughing at policemen
58.What is a complaint of JML?
A. Very few drivers are insured.
B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.
C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.
D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.
59.The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______.
A. accidents
B. vehicles
C. pedestrians
D. cyclists
60.The three letters present viewpoints on _______.
A. real source of road danger
B. ways to improve road facilities
C. measures to punish road offences
D. increased awareness of road rules
(2015﹒湖南﹒阅读理解C)
Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your
entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time -- with no warning. Inspections were a regular
part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keeper's reputation depended on results. A few times each
year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a
surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.
Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was
approaching. After boats began flying special flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keeper's family
made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat,
everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to
put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to
run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.
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Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes
remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At the
time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes
tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If
the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.
One day, Glenn Furst's mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered
their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time,
though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn's
mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. "He came across that floor waving his arms like a
young bird attempting its first flight," Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenn's
mother's hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.
66.What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection at the light station?
A. It was carried out once a year.
B. It was often announced in advance.
C. It was important for the keeper's fame.
D. It was focused on the garage and yard.
67.The family began making preparations immediately after ______.
A. one of the members saw the boat
B. a warning call reached the lighthouse
C. the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap
D. the inspector flew special flags in the distance
68.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would ______.
A. result in some fun
B. speed up washing them
C. make her home look tidy
D. be a demand from the inspector
69.If the inspector had opened the oven door, he would have seen _______.
A. an empty pan
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B. many clean dishes
C. pieces of baked bread
D. a cloth covering something
70.The inspector waved his arms ______.
A. to try his best to keep steady
B. to show his satisfaction with the floor
C. to extend a warm greeting to Glenn's mother
D. to express his intention to continue the inspection
(2015﹒新课标全国II﹒阅读理解C)
More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It
used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起
源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the
start of the next academic year.
This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put
off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the
University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins
from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who
take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course.
Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.
But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students
(NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced
into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are
likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are
taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over
40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during
vacating periods,” he said.
29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
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A. It is flexible in length.
B.
It is a time for relaxation
C.
It is increasingly popular
D. It is required by universities
30. According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year ____.
A. are better prepared for college studies
B.
know a lot more about their future job
C.
are more likely to leave university in debt
D. have a better chance to enter top universities
31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?
A. He’s puzzled
B.
He’s worried
C.
He’s surprised
D. He’s annoyed
32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A. Attend additional courses.
B.
Make plans for the new term
C.
Earn money for their education
D. Prepare for their graduate studies
(2015﹒福建﹒阅读理解A)
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be
the only people in the world who include checsc rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed
in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the
way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane. Competition is
fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly,
but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the
competitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth
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Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come
from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—
food that is not just spicy ,but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes
water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three
clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the
hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one
thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!
La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatina—the
world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the
highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—
official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the
crowd.
The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 kilograms of
tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone
heads down to the river to make friends again—and for a much-needed wash!
56. In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must
.
A. wear various formal clothes
B. roll a wooden cheese in their own lane
C. kick or throw their cheese
D. use a real cheese weighing about four kilos
57.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?
A. In New Mexico. B. In the Caribbean. C. In Australia.
D. In China.
58.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts________.
A. three days B. seven days C. less than three days D. more than seven days
59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
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C. Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D. An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
(2015﹒福建﹒阅读理解D)
Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It can also be full of challenges, setbacks
and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires—
that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have
more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, up come the
old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.
This tension between what we feel we can have and "what wre're seemingly able to have is the
niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. But
we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind
that knowing is us—the real us. It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop
that, you begin to feel a little "dead" inside because you're dropping "you".
So, if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these
patterns?
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure
or just getting through today's challenges.
While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually
says we can't.
That isn't a reason to stop, it's just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to
talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. It's all about starting simple and
doing it now.
Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may feel a little, or large, release
from the jail of your mind and you'll be on your way.
68.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should_______.
A.slow down and live a simple life
B.be careful when we choose to change
C.stick to our dreams under any circumstances
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D.be content with what we already have
69.What is the key to breaking the old patterns?
A. To focus on every detail.B. To decide and take immediate action.
C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act.
70.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A. Escape from your punishmentB. Realization of your dreams.
C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations.
71.What does the author intend to tell us?
A.It's easier than we think to get what we want.
B. It's important to learn to accept sufferings in life.
C. It's impractical to change our way of thinking.
D. It's harder than we expect to follow a new course.
(2015﹒福建﹒阅读理解E)
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a
healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows
that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in
groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an
opportunity to be social, release endorphins , and improve your strength. Additionally, group
exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.
The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than
going to the gym alone.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive
from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass
themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a
great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (Hu) of a
fitness instructor. If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, !
you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let
fitness frighten you!
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If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround
yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone
for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for
focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you!
Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan
to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun
and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial
while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work
towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.
Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.
72. The first paragraph focuses on_.
A. the greatest challenge of group exercise
B. the most effective way to improve physical fitness
C. the contribution of group exercise to psychological health
D. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups
73.The underlined word "upbeat" in the second paragraph probably means "
A. cheerful
B. average
C. serious
D. temporal*)'
74.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary
A.
to sustain a colorful lifestyle
B.
to party on weekends with positive people
C.
to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly
D.
to surround yourself with supportive people
75. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Seeking Support
B. Supporting Health
C. Improving Your Strength
D. Building Up Fitness
(2015﹒新课标全国I﹒阅读理解B)
The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the
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chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say
“sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange
trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.
Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon)
filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather
root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than
worth the early wake-up call.
The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1
p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the
red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft
and round red tomatoes.
Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter
tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re
unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the
Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real
deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating
things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that
Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the
Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night.
Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.
24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?
A. Exciting. B. Boring.
C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.
25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile?
A. Having a swim.
B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the morning sun.
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D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.
26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?
A. They are soft.
B. They look nice.
C. They taste great.
D. They are juicy.
27. What was the author going to that evening?
A. Go to a farm.
B. Check into a hotel.
C. Eat in a restaurant.
D. Buy fresh vegetables
(2015﹒上海﹒阅读理解A)
Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the
snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the
earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back
to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during
several years of research around the world.
For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and
thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the
sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary
works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo,
who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s
courtyard.
The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city
of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner.
Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of
people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom.
At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.
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If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some
explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich,
Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of
April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed
with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the
crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells
of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit.
When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the
longer summer is said to be.
66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?
A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.
B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.
C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.
D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.
67. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when___________.
A. snowmen were made mainly by artists
B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity
C. snowmen were politically criticized
D. snowmen caused damaging floods
68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.
A. the start of the parade
B. the coming of a longer summer
C. the passing of the winter
D. the success of tradesmen
69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?
A. They were appreciated in history
B. They have lost their value
C. They were related to movies
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D. They vary in shape and size
(2015﹒上海﹒阅读理解C)
One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using
the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus
was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold
blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to
him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the
lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had
the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the
executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”
During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to
advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None
more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the
White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are
amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and
their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40
workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for
government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and
using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of
Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building
and grass roots organism.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes,
contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example,
includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do
come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power.
Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful
leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying
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“the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related
Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they
said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?
73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?
A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honorable. D. Bade
74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.
A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better
B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays
C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops
D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.
75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?
A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.
B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.
C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.
D. To warn executives against power misuse.
76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.
B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.
C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.
D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.
77. The best title for the passage is _____.
A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture
B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success
C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation
D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results
(2016﹒全国新课标I﹒阅读理解B)
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Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her
daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year
of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the
move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and
grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-
law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her
granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision
will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example
of Obama’s family.
“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we
could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .We now realize
how important family is and how important”” to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is
willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your
grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know
may be harder.
25. Why was Garza’s move a success?
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It improved her living conditions.
C．It enabled her make more friends.
D．It helped her know more new places.
26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?
A．17% expressed their support for it.
B．Few people responded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majority thought it was a trend.
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27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A．They were unsure of raise more children.
B．They were eager to raise more children.
C．They wanted to live away from their parents.
D．They bad little respect for their grandparent.
28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?
A. Make decisions in the best interests' of their own
B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them
C. Sacrifice for their struggling children
D. Get to know themselves better
(2016﹒全国新课标I﹒阅读理解D)
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a
person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be
viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every
gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for
understanding a
person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some
traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and
suddenlystops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said
before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in
relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may
use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use
silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with
him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an
elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across
the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and
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cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on
unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in
the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A. It implies anger.
B. It promotes friendship.
C. It is culture-specific.
D. It is content-based.
33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A. The Chinese.
B. The French.
C. The Mexicans.
D. The Russians.
34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B. Break it while treating patients.
C. Evaluate its harm to patients.
D. Make use of its healing effects.
35. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
(2016﹒全国新课标II﹒阅读理解C)Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book
groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the
page on the traditional idea of a book group.
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Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an
identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book
will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the
people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book
will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent
to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea
is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The
site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.
9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A. To explain what they are.
B.To introduce BookCrossing.
C. To stress the importance of reading.
D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.
10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?
A. The book. B.An adventure.
C.A public place. D. The identification number.
11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.
C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.
12. What is the best title for the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend
C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books
(2016﹒全国新课标III﹒阅读理解C)
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.
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It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has
caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used
to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye
opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.
Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which
is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating
quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe
dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because
these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and
commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit
Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
8.What can people do at the apple events?
A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.
9.What can we learn about Decio?
A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.
10.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
11.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B .To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
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(2016﹒北京﹒阅读理解D)
Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy( 自主性) and the
development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,
during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed
help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued
connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased
significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of
college as a passagefrom the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have
given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and
experimentation. This process involves “ trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both
intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we
must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and
flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs
from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on
administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of
finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another
characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social
behavior is too strictly defined( 规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that
administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do
so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking
today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe
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world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to
experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition
of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension
between safety and self-discovery.
67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving
C.Supportive D.Neutral
68.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.
A.change B.choice
C.text D.extension
69.According to the author,what role should college play?
A.to develop a shared identity among students
B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior
C.To provide a safe world without tension for students
D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development
70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
(2016﹒四川﹒阅读理解B)
If you could have one superpower, what would it be?
Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may
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sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life.
Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.
They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives
of others.
We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough
doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a
more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find
an issue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause.
Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest
difference when you’re older. But why not start now?
Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been
one of the most rewarding parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism
about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.
4. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Your life style.
B. Your life value.
C. Your trouble in life.
D. Your life experience.
5. Why does the author say they are inspired every day?
A. They possess different kinds of superpowers.
B. They have got the power to change the world.
C. Some people around them are making the world better.
D. There are many powerful people in their life and work.
6. What does the author stress in Paragraph 5?
A. Learning more and contributing more to a cause.
B. Rising above self and acting to help others.
C. Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.
D. Trying your best to help the poor.
7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
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A. The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.
B. Much more progress will be made in the near future.
C. The work on health is the most valuable experience.
D. People’s efforts have been materially rewarded.
(2017﹒全国新课标Ⅰ﹒阅读理解C)
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans
to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of
jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and
grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser
for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and
preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells
National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my
generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write
anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the
music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.
It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance
party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it
is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where
does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how talk about
ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue
about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider
context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want
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to foster.”
28．Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A．To remember the birth of jazz.
B．To protect cultural diversity.
C．To encourage people to study music.
D．To recognize the value of jazz.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
30．What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A．It will disappear gradually.
B．It remains black and white.
C．It should keep up with the times.
D．It changes every 50 years.
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Exploring the Future of Jazz.
B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz.
C．The Story of a Jazz Musician.
D．Celebrating the Jazz Day.
(2017﹒全国新课标Ⅲ﹒阅读理解C)
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National
Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the
Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the
continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the
1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther
north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
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The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —
major food sources ( 来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large
amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of
wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the
park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to
Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote
problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their
farm animals or pets.
The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in
Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at
Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have
made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help
biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.
28.What is the text mainly about?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
29.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Tested.
B. Separated.
C. Forced out.
D. Tracked down.
30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？
A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the park’s income.
C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals.
31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
(2017﹒北京﹒阅读理解C)
Measles( 麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was
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nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR
vaccine( 疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine
movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases
have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When
vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is
protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily,
including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get
vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse
vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger
danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange
County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y.,
where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but
very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what
are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen
states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying
they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting
out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But
personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines
provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
63．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
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B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D．information about measles spreads quickly
64．Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A．exemptions are allowed
B．several vaccines are used together
C．the whole neighborhood is involved in
D．new regulations are added to the state laws
65．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A．The overuse of vaccine.
B．The lack of medical care.
C．The features of measles itself.
D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
66．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
(2017﹒天津﹒阅读理解D)
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing
all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand
the issue, let’s take a look at three types of “waits”.
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most
annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink( 洗碗池) as an example. There is
absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink
until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about
until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait
makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of
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discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup required a Forced Wait. Directions are
very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove
from heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the
procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is
unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also
voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning one’s life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the
optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on
soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as
one doesn’t come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts
anybody.
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you’re standing at
the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you’ll have to eat until a
large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don’t be desperate. You’re probably just as busy
as the next guy.
51. While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to ___________.
A. keep ourselves busy
B. get absent-minded
C. grow anxious
D. stay focused
52. What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait?
A. The Forced Wait requires some self-control.
B. The Forced Wait makes people passive.
C. The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.
D. The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.
53. What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait?
A. It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.
B. It doesn’t always bring the desired result.
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C. It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.
D. It doesn’t give people faith and hope.
54. What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting?
A. Take it seriously.
B. Don’t rely on others.
C. Do something else.
D. Don’t lose heart.
55. The author supports his view by _________.
A. exploring various causes of “waits”.
B. describing detailed processes of “waits”.
C. analyzing different categories of “waits”
D. revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
(2017﹒浙江﹒阅读理解B)
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new
survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm
or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation
reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15%
said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of
them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age
children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found
that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half
of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to
stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a
sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime
can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts
say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not
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only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for
teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided
to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina,
Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers
are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
26. How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?
A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 18 hours.
27. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
(2017﹒浙江﹒阅读理解C)
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years
as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove
her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary
friend and answer a fictional job ad.
Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移
民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases,
citizenship.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for
natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than
integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their
host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.
Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms
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are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the
society and promote understanding across cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase
in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of
Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year,
foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million,
or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an even larger percentage of
births in Italy.
Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would
help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where
salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement
would encourage integration.
Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider, even though she’s stayed in
the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.
28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?
A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian.
C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians.
29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people
C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools
30. What do we know about Cojochru?
A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.
B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.
D. She wishes to go back to her home country.
(2017﹒江苏﹒阅读理解D)
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue
for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease
today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some
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smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a
process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly
shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate
Assessment says that: “there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there
are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor
countries, Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan
saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100
river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are
equipment with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floating
connectivity (连体) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far
more fundamental level: his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent
starvation during the wet season.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor
countries, Fllods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mobammed
Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs
100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schoods, and health clinics, and are
equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating
conmetivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far
more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds
to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang. Nophel lives
in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰
川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the
glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s
inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He
directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the
spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation( 灌溉) water. Having created
nine such ice reserves. Nophel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water.
Climate change is a continuing process, so Norhel’s ice reserves will not last forever.
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Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will,
perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden
increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend
locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly,
temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration
for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peni, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim
to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the
added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear,
But the World Bank has included the project on its of ‘100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an
area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for
cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly
profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing
new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, But some
suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the
battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense
designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and
astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy
systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the
need to change in so many others.
65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .
A. adaptation is an ever-changing process
B. the cost of adaptation varies with
time
C. global warming affects adaptation forms
D. adaptation to climate change is
challenging
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66.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?
A. The project receives government support.
B. Different organizations work
with each other.
C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D. The project connects flooded
roads and highways.
67.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?
A. Storing ice for future use.
B. Protecting the glaciers from
melting.
C. Changing the irrigation time.
D. Postponing the melting of the
glaciers.
68.What do we learn from the Peru example?
A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B. The global warming tread cannot
be stopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly.
D. Sunlight reflection may
relieve global warming.
69.According to the author, polluting industries should .
A. adapt to carbon pollution
B. plant highly profitable crops
C. leave carbon emission alone
D. fight against carbon pollution
70.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?
A. setting up a new standard.
B. Reducing carbon emission.
C. Adapting to climate change.
D. Monitoring polluting industries.
(2018﹒全国新课标Ⅰ﹒阅读理解B)
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking
up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt
offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good
Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home,
preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
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"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she
explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water,
sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this
food ourselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:
Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the
market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family
each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a
budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef
D. Cooking Well for Less
(2018﹒全国新课标Ⅰ﹒阅读理解C)
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less
coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联
系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe
that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages
between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too
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became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the
nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better
communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages
such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The
general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones
have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000.
Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over
800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are
spoken by fewer people than that..xk
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly
speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan
Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these
seems to have much chance of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?
A. They developed very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected
29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A. Complex.
B. Advanced.
C. Powerful.
D. Modem.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A. About 6 800
B. About 3 400
C. About 2.400
D. About 1-200
31. What is the min idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human development results in fewer languages
D. Geography determines language evolution.
(2018﹒全国新课标Ⅱ﹒阅读理解B)
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Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These
colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries
contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are
particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in
the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious
who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,
cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much
sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh
lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending
on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.zx.x.k
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a
“soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love
feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A. They contain protein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antioxidants.
25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.
C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.
26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A container. D. A machine.
27. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A travel brochure.
(2018﹒全国新课标Ⅱ﹒阅读理解C)
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report
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published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading
remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone
from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively
today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same.
But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a
half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data
about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic
reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and
important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read
frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them,
parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this
chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. Quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relationships.
29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality.
B. It could be a waste of time.
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C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them.
B. Ask then to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them.
D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
(2018﹒全国新课标Ⅱ﹒阅读理解D)
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us,
deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely
that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and
unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.
Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t
even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says
Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every
great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small
talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into
a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only
when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher
positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to
your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter
for our well-being also.＂
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a
bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is
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the basis of good manners,＂ he says.
32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C. Absence of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow service.
33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A. Showing good manners. B. Relating to other people.
C. Focusing on a topic. D. Making business deals.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A. It improves family relationships. B. It raises people’s confidence.
C. It matters as much as a formal talk. D. It makes people feel good.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Conversation Counts B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk D. Uncomfortable Silence
(2018﹒全国新课标Ⅲ﹒阅读理解B)
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these
places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for
example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually
from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from
nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered
there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for
gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to
Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once
closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the
difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for
the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were
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very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with
disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in
Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the
Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small population.
C. Its geographical position.
D. Its favourable climate.
25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.
B. One out of five people got rich.
C. Almost everyone gave up.
D. Half of them died.
26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A. They found the city too crowded.
B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter.
D. They were short of food.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. The rise and fall of a city.
B. The gold rush in Canada.
C. Journeys into the wilderness.
D. Tourism in Dawson.
(2018﹒全国新课标Ⅲ﹒阅读理解B)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more
when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did
how to live more with less.
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I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked.
Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose
mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less
often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金）(our kindergarten daughter is
serious about becoming a doctor)
For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do
we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd,
determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would
keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I
chose a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried
bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour
had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My
little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough.
C. More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more.
33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A. Saving up for her holiday B. Raising money for a poor girl
C. Adding the money to her fund D. Giving the money to a sick mother
34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A. To try out an idea
B. To show a parent's love
C. To train his attention
D. To help him start a hobby
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Take It or Leave It B. A Lesson from Kids
C. Live More with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving
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(2018﹒浙江﹒阅读理解C)
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in
Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only
eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of
American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century,
the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road
novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a
never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since
then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based
society into an industrial
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the
demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been
described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to
design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food
is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolera
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(2018﹒天津﹒阅读理解D)
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your
front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination,
newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children
become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the
world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.
This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I
mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it
would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they
realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers
who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it
off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who
were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to
them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few
birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is,
take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to
your life.
51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________.
A. anxious to do wonders
B. sensitive to others’ feelings
C. likely to develop unpleasant habits
D. eager to explore the world around them
52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
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A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher’s advice.
D. To admit mistakes honestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they __________.
A. are very patient in their observation
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds
D. question the accuracy of the field guides
54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.
B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.
A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C. open our mind to new things and ideas
D. try our best to protect nature
(2018﹒北京﹒阅读理解D)
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from
materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles
began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared
the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.
California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities
across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it
takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for
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worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),
policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排
放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make
sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where
most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed
highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread.
They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying
for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving
minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect
researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars
worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%
and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and
cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be
fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and
maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more
people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles
doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming
technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed
to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
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48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
(2018﹒江苏﹒阅读理解B)
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted( 享有）a special meat soup called
consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining
out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take
visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食）
when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a
white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd
had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel
fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food
places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to
encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.When
classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.
Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer
and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding.
high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as
others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad'
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tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's
reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza
was 11 percent tastier.
58. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the
customers were .
A. not aware of eating more than usual
B. not willing to share food with others
C. not conscious of the food quality
D. not fond of the food provided
59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A. playing classical music.
B. Introducing lemon scent.
C. Making the light brighter,
D. Using plates of larger size.
60. What does the last paragraph talk about?
A. Tips to attract more customers.
B. Problems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.
D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
(2018﹒江苏﹒阅读理解C)
If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are
unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major
players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in
the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the
National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to
the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.
For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young
farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale
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farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few
dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.
Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now,
with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes
to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors. developers, and
established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.
From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-
existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of
65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in
need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers
can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase
farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success
of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in
Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .
A. the progress made in car industry
B. a special feature of agriculture
C. a trend of development in agriculture
D. the importance of investing in car industry
62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?
A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.
B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.
C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce
D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.
63. What is the difficulty for those new famers?
A. To gain more financial aid.
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B. To hire good farm managers.
C. To have fans of their own.
D. To win old farmers’ support.
64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?
A. Seek support beyond NYFC.
B. Expand farmland conservation.
C. Become members of NYFC.
D. Invest more to improve technology.
(2019﹒全国新课标Ⅰ﹒阅读理解D)
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me
to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls
and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing
jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology
sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others
qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed
ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power
and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those
who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to
engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked,
the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked
teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It
clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,
kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related
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to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for
learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind.
B. Lonely.
C. Generous.
D. Cool.
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
(2019﹒天津﹒阅读理解C)
How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they
are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer，scientists have built mathematical
models of food webs，noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs，
for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always
eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on
various species，they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that
arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction
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（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey
species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from
driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top
predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s，scientists proposed that predators at
the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including
species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the
ocean，we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large
predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally，the system would tell
us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to
pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key，scientists says because once ecosystems pass their
tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
46. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？
A. The living habits of species in food webs.
B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
47. A strong link is found between two species when a predator______
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
48. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
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49. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？
A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
50. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
(2019﹒江苏﹒阅读理解B)
In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became
puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had
been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs
and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or
Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In
1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the
confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred
feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，
all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesn't
involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving
behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find
the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of
Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that
they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he
realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The
explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.
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At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known
to humans.
58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？
A. Its complicated geographical features.
B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C. The mysterious history of the park.
D. The exact location of the volcano.
59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The shapes of volcanoes.
B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes.
D. The heights of volcanoes.
60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？
A. Hot-air balloon.
B. Digital camera.
C. Big photograph.
D. Bird's view.
(2019﹒浙江﹒阅读理解C)
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate
change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles
of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the
Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big
trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the
study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control
has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001
and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in
wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
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The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The
researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in
comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of
soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising
temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water
supply available to trees during the dry season.
27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
(2019﹒全国新课标Ⅱ﹒阅读理解C)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she
waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more
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Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have
breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together
anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book.
Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of
us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on
the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes
that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he
wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,” he
said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have
felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep
us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie
Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety
B. Eating habits.
C. Table manners.
D. Restaurant service.
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers.
B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own.
D. To collect data for her report.
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
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31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
(2019﹒全国新课标Ⅲ﹒阅读理解B)
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill,
chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时
尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-
inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese
aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The
exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —
they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-
some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason
Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most
famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just
another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about
China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally
acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks.
B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion.
B. They start many fashion campaigns.
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C. They admire super models.
D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from
B. looking down on
C. working with
D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
(2019﹒天津﹒阅读理解D)
Would you BET on the future of this man ？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing
struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been
in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner
was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question:
why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long
before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about
those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on
growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization
and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But ，if we are willing to
lean，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we
can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never
going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to
have meaning in our life. However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something
larger than our own little egos（自我），whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral
concept.
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Many of us equate （视……等同于）“ commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and
nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work
toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being
the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.
51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________.
A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live without self-pity
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？
A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.(2019﹒江苏﹒阅读理解C)
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing
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machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real
impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the
Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should
try to live on ideas. This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing
sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the
international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries.
This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment
and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.
Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and
making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a
laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily
more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative
long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the
technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless
world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is
happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the
clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary
regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the
national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However,
our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led
us in all sorts of wrong directions.
61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.
A. a lack of confidence in technology
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B. a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions
D. a waste of limited resources
62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.
A. take people's essential needs into account
B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support
D. provide more affordable internet facilities
63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
64. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
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