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文体分类练(六) 议论文
(限时:25 分钟)
Passage 1
(2023 山东聊城一模)
An important life lesson that I’ve drawn from running is to run at my own pace.It has
guided me in many ways.In particular,it made me challenge the fixed expectations of
retirement and aging.
Running is a metaphor (隐喻) for life.I realized this while training for a marathon to
celebrate my 60th birthday.All the other runners being faster than me made me
embarrassed.But my coach shared some valuable advice:run at your own best pace.Setting a
goal or target time could be a limitation.He was right.Over time,I ran more easily and faster.I
also enjoyed the experience much more.
I have applied this principle to other areas of my life.Finding a rhythm is not about
efficiency or how many things I can get done in a day.It has more to do with what I decide to
do at this stage in my life.
Running carries its own set of expectations,including what it means to be a strong
runner.But expectations also extend to other areas of life,including what people at certain life
stages should be doing or not doing.Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is
spent,decisions about employment,and even the role of a grandmother.
I used to think it was young people who bore peer pressure,but it’s easy to view
retirement as another occupation with benchmarks (基准) to be met.We often make what
someone else does the reference point.It’s a comparison trap.
Forget what others are doing.Their pace is not necessarily the pace you should run
at.Run in your own way.It’s not better or worse—only different.
1.What does the author intend to tell in paragraph 2?
A.The origin of a life principle.
B.Her misunderstanding of running.
C.The importance of life expectations.
D.Her unpleasant training experience.
2.What does the author think about life expectations?
A.They are vital for retired people.
B.They vary at different life stages.
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C.They cover every decision in life.
D.They are usually too high to fulfill.
3.What can we infer from paragraph 5?
A.Young people often compete with old people.
B.Retired people take up bad occupations.
C.Retired people are also under peer pressure.
D.A comparison trap makes young people stronger.
4.What message does the author mainly want to convey?
A.Retirement can’t stop old people’s dreams.
B.People should live life to the fullest.
C.People should live at their own speed.
D.Running at a fixed pace is beneficial to retired people.
Passage 2
(2023 河北保定一模)
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th
century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that
makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture,the
environment,during the organism’s life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its
lifetime,but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代).For the
geneticists,they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics,which is nature.An
opposing view is that there is no indication that genes (基因) determine one’s
personality,rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in
personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after
birth.When applied to human beings,it means how the person is raised,which includes
nutrition,education,care,as well as the kind of surroundings,such as cultural influence,family
and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an
attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person’s development against how
easily humans are influenced by one’s environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s
personality,nature dramatically outweighs nurture,for nature can be likened to a
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foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally
denied.However,nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it
affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to
arise at the very first instance.Even without nurture,the nature impact can still stand
independently without necessarily causing destruction.More so,even when the nurture impact
is successfully effected,it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person.It therefore
stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
5.What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A.Nature’s role is supported by additional evidence.
B.Personality development is determined by nurture.
C.Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D.Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
6.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.What nurture means to human beings.
B.How living things develop after birth.
C.How nurture shapes human development.
D.How surroundings influence human beings.
7.How does the author stress the greater importance of nature?
A.By giving examples.
B.By making contrast.
C.By conducting experiments.
D.By citing research data.
8.What is the best title for the text?
A.A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B.A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C.Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are?
D.Which Is More Important,Nature or Nurture?
Passage 3
(2023 福建漳州三模)
This month,the Internet was flooded with wonderful digital art portraits,thanks to the
work of the latest artificial intelligence-assisted application to go viral:Lensa.Users uploaded
their photographs to the App and then—for a small fee—it used AI to transform their profile
pictures into,say,a magical warrior princess version of themselves,in no time at all.
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This year has seen a breakthrough for AI-driven image generators,which are now better
than ever in quality,speed and affordability.If that sounds great to you,you might not be one
of the millions of humans whose livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills
for money.
Some artists predicted that a computer would recreate the aura of a masterpiece by
Leonardo da Vinci in the near future.As long as there are enough data for the AI to train
itself,it can copy numerous masterpieces just in several minutes.It seems unavoidable that a
large number of artists would lose their jobs.
“I see it less as a threat and more of an opportunity,” the UK-based illustrator Michelle
Thompson said,adding,“Like everything else,there will always be artists who can use the
tools better.”
These tools are only as good as the data sets they are trained on.Human imagination,on
the other hand,has no limit.For Dryhurst,an artist from Germany,AI models “could attempt to
make a pale version of something we did years ago”,but that “doesn’t account for what we
might do next”.
The kind of artificial intelligence we might imagine replacing artists—an entirely
autonomous creative robot—does not yet exist,but it is coming.And as AI becomes more
universal,artists,illustrators and designers will ultimately be set apart not by if,but by
how,they use the technology.
9.Why does the author mention Lensa in paragraph 1?
A.To recommend the new App.
B.To inform latest news.
C.To lead in the AI topic.
D.To introduce its new function.
10.What is Michelle Thompson’s attitude towards AI?
A.Concerned.
B.Favorable.
C.Unclear.
D.Critical.
11.What might be a weakness of AI in creating art works?
A.Accuracy.
B.Diversity.
C.Creativity.
D.Efficiency.
12.Which can be the best title for the text?
A.Is AI coming into our daily life?
B.Can AI copy masterpieces of great artists?
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C.Shall we welcome new AI technology?
D.Will AI replace artists in the future?
答案：
文体分类练(六) 议论文
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者认为每个人的人生应该有自己的
节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。
1.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在第二段想说生命原理的起源。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But expectations also extend to other areas of
life,including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.Expectations at
my age can center on how leisure time is spent,decisions about employment,and even the role
of a grandmother.”可知,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段有所不同。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段“I used to think it was young people who bore peer
pressure,but it’s easy to view retirement as another occupation with benchmarks to be met.”
可推知,退休人员也面临同辈压力。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forget what others are doing.Their pace is not
necessarily the pace you should run at.Run in your own way.It’s not better or worse—only
different.”可推知,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16 世纪以来一直是被比较的
主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nature provides the starting point for an organism
that will interact with nurture,the environment,during the organism’s life.Nature does not just
affect an organism during its lifetime,but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in
offspring.”可知,先天影响后代的基因表达。
6.A 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things
grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings,it means how the person is
raised,which includes nutrition,education,care,as well as the kind of surroundings,such as
cultural influence,family and friends.”可知,第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While nurture undeniably plays its part on the
growth and development of one’s personality,nature dramatically outweighs nurture,for
nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons
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cannot be totally denied.However,nature is regarded as being of most importance because of
the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question
of nurture to arise at the very first instance.”可推知,作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of
comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it
is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.”及下文论述可知,文章主要论述了究竟是先
天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知,Which Is More Important,Nature or Nurture?适合作文
章最佳标题。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。
9.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容和第二段中的“This year has seen a
breakthrough for AI-driven image generators,which are now better than ever in quality,speed
and affordability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Lensa 是为了引起人工智能这个话题。
10.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,Michelle Thompson 认为这是一种机会。
由此可推知,他对人工智能持支持的态度。
11.C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“These tools are only as good as the data sets
they are trained on.Human imagination,on the other hand,has no limit.”可推知,创造力可能
是人工智能在创作艺术作品时的弱点。
12.D 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The kind of artificial intelligence we might
imagine replacing artists—an entirely autonomous creative robot—does not yet exist,but it is
coming.”可知,文章主要就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)pace n.步速;节奏
2.(Passage 1)center on 集中于
3.(Passage 1)view...as...把……看作……
4.(Passage 1)comparison n.比较
5.(Passage 1)trap n.陷阱
6.(Passage 2)as to 置于,关于,就……而论
7.(Passage 2)arise vi.出现
8.(Passage 3)be flooded with 充斥着
9.(Passage 3)threat n.威胁
10.(Passage 3)account for 对……做出解释,说明……的原因
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熟词生义:
(Passage 1)draw vt.获得,得到
长难句分析:
(Passage 3)If that sounds great to you,you might not be one of the millions of humans whose
livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills for money.
分析:本句为复合句。If that sounds great to you 为if 引导的条件状语从句;whose
livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills for money 为whose 引导的定语从
句。
句意:如果(你感觉)这听起来很棒,那么你可能不是数百万人中的一员,他们的生计依赖于
能够用这些技能换取金钱。
