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考点分类练(四) 推理判断题(2)
(限时:25 分钟)
Passage 1
(2023 安徽淮南二模)
From the time I was a young girl,all I wanted was to play outside.I used the ferns (蕨类
植物) in my childhood backyard to raise myself up muddy Pacific Northwest slopes (斜
坡),sat by the edge of the property’s wooded stream and imagined it was a winding river.
Hours were spent on horseback,prepared with bags and snacks to ride the same path
over and over,always dreaming up a new experience.As an adult,my interests are
consistent,though the landscape has shifted.For the last four years,I have had the opportunity
to explore our Earth’s most remote cold water locations as an underwater videographer and
ocean-focused naturalist,developing an appreciation and understanding for challenging
corners of the globe.Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic,it’s the
temperate in-between that captivates me.During the last four years,Southeast
Alaska,particularly the Inian Islands in its incredible wildness and productivity,has stolen my
attention.My name is Alyssa Adler,I am the Inian Islands Institute’s 2019 Scientist in
Residence and National Geographic grant recipient for project Tall Trees in Cold Seas.
The natural beauty of the Inians is pure,but the environment works for it.Massive
rushing tides (潮水) flood the Hobbit Hole twice daily,like an angry river.Sometimes I learn
some meaningful and useful lessons the hard way.Transportation of extensive dive equipment
required the help of people in Ketchikan,Gustavus and other places.These lessons only allow
my respect for this region to the full,teaching me how to be successful.I need to learn and
understand the power and network of Southeast Alaska,both in the water and out.It’s all
worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean,turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor,and
shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To share an amazing story.
B.To introduce a unique plant.
C.To suggest a special river.
D.To explain the author’s wish.
2.What does the underlined word “captivate” mean in paragraph 2?
A.Surprise. B.Discourage.
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C.Worry.
D.Attract.
3.What do you think of Alyssa Adler’s job?
A.Boring.
B.Demanding.
C.Challenging. D.Well-paid.
4.What message does the text convey?
A.Love breaks down barriers.
B.Hard work finally pays off.
C.Ups and downs make one strong.
D.Enthusiasm fuels devotion.
Passage 2
(2023 广东湛江二模)
As you walk around the UK in March,you might notice that some people are wearing a
daffodil(水仙花) on their coats.The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support
one of this country’s best-known charities:the Marie Curie Cancer Care.
The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries to ensure everyone diagnosed with cancer is cared for
in the best possible way.It also helps fund research into possible cures through other
organizations.Founded in 1948,it has been continuing with its goal ever since.
The charity was named after Marie Curie,a renowned scientist.She experimented with
newly-discovered elements to create the theory of radioactivity.Unfortunately,over-exposure
to the radioactive elements made her develop a disease and die in 1934.Marie Curie won the
Nobel Prize in two different fields.Because of her pioneering work which led to
chemotherapy (化学疗法),the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.
The daffodil is one of the first plants to flower during spring in the UK,which marks the
return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter.Because of this,the charity uses the
daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.
Everyone you see wearing a daffodil has donated money to the charity,but each daffodil
is worth only what you want to pay for it.The charity does ask that you stick to a minimum
amount of ￡1.
The charity encourages people to start wearing their daffodils at the start of March,when
the “Great Daffodil Appeal” kicks off.But that doesn’t mean you can only wear them in
March.People are sometimes seen walking around with daffodils on their clothes all year
round.
5.What does it mean when the British wear a daffodil on their coats?
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A.They support a charity.
B.They are recovering from cancer.
C.They’ve been helped by a charity.
D.They’ve been diagnosed with cancer.
6.What does the underlined word “renowned” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Beautiful.
B.Modest.
C.Famous.
D.Humorous.
7.Why was the charity named after Marie Curie?
A.Because patients required that.
B.Because it was launched by her.
C.Because she greatly supported it.
D.Because it could show respect for her.
8.What can we learn about the daffodil from the text?
A.It can be used as medicine.
B.It’s thought to stand for hope.
C.It’s widely worn worldwide.
D.It’s sold to the wearers at a high price.
Passage 3
(2023 辽宁鞍山二模)
We have long been attracted by quick solutions that could increase our
intelligence.Today,people’s hopes lie in brain training apps,some of which claim to result in
“smarter minds”.But is this quick solution all it is said to be?
There are plenty of brain training apps,but they all share the same characteristics:they
turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic (算术),memory tests and logic and pattern-
matching problems into quick games.Some apps tell us that the more you play these mini-
games,the smarter you will get.It is really a big promise.
Many of the apps say they are based on “science”,a claim I found surprising as a former
neuroscientist (神经系统科学家).The concept that increasing intelligence would be as simple
as practicing a few mini-games every day flies in the face of what we have discovered about
how humans think and learn.
After surveying thousands of users across a wide variety of apps,researchers at Western
University in Canada discovered that brain training had no great effect on cognitive (认知的)
functioning in the real world.The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very
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specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained on,such as the ability to memorize lists of
words or numbers,or perform mental arithmetic,with little benefit to other skills.
If you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or make a complex
computer program,I am afraid you will want to look elsewhere.Puzzle video games such as
“Baba Is You” and “Return of the Obra Dinn”,see players apply their skill at logic,memory
and concentration in a far more complex way than any brain training mini-game.
9.What does the author say about brain training apps?
A.They have scientific support.
B.They work in the form of games.
C.They require problem-solving skills.
D.They are based on complex arithmetic.
10.What does the underlined part “flies in the face of” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Goes into details of.
B.Takes advantage of.
C.Goes against.
D.Comes from.
11.Which best describes the effects that brain training apps have on memory?
A.Limited.
B.Indirect.
C.Damaging.
D.Far-reaching.
12.What is the author’s attitude to “Baba Is You”?
A.Doubtful.
B.Intolerant.
C.Uninterested. D.Favorable.
答案：
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题(2)
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己对于工作的热情,尽管工作充满挑
战,仍旧充满激情。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“From the time I was a young girl...sat by the edge of
the property’s wooded stream and imagined it was a winding river.”可知,本段主要讲述了作
者的愿望,其目的是解释作者的愿望。
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2.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to
the Arctic”可知,主从句是转折关系,因此推断此处意为“吸引我的是中间的温和性”。
故画线词与D 项“吸引”意思相近。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Sometimes I learn some meaningful and useful
lessons the hard...seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.”可
知,Alyssa Adler 工作不容易,有时候很艰难。由此推知,Alyssa Adler 的工作具有挑战性。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hours were spent on horseback,prepared with bags and
snacks to ride the same path over and over,always dreaming up a new experience.As an
adult,my interests are consistent,though the landscape has shifted.”可知,作者对旅行充满激
情;结合第三段的“It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean,turn on my cameras as
I sink to the seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.”可推断,作者对
工作的激情激发了奉献精神。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。在三月,很多英国人会戴着水仙花,以此来表示他们支持
一个慈善机构:玛丽·居里癌症护理中心。文章介绍了该慈善机构,科学家居里夫人及其
成就。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The British wear these yellow flowers to show
they support one of this country’s best-known charities:the Marie Curie Cancer Care.”可知,
英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表支持一个慈善机构。
6.C 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The charity was named after Marie Curie,”和后文
“Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy,the charity shared the name of
Marie Curie.”可知,科学家玛丽·居里很出名,画线单词意为“著名的”。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Because of her pioneering work which led to
chemotherapy,the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.”可知,该慈善机构以Marie Curie
命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Because of this,the charity uses the daffodil as
a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.”可知,水仙花被认为
代表着希望。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了大脑训练应用程序在提高认知能力和智力
方面的有效性,说明了虽然这些应用程序可以提高一些特定技能,例如算术和记忆能力,
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但对其他技能的益处有限,并且它们的整体有效性是值得怀疑的。作者还建议,解谜视频
游戏可能提供了一种更复杂和有效的训练认知能力的方式。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are plenty of brain training apps,but they all
share the same characteristics:they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic,memory tests
and logic and pattern-matching problems into quick games.”可知,脑力训练应用程序的共同
点是:把简单的算术、记忆测试、逻辑匹配等脑力练习变成了快速游戏,它们以游戏的形
式发挥作用。
10.C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Some apps tell us that the more you play these mini-
games,the smarter you will get.It is really a big promise.”可知,作者认为靠玩游戏变聪明是
一个很大的承诺。结合第四段中“The positive effects that have been found are limited to
the very specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained on,such as the ability to
memorize lists of words or numbers,or perform mental arithmetic,with little benefit to other
skills.”可知,通过玩游戏进行的脑力训练对认知功能等其他技能没有好处,故可知这一承
诺并不能达成。因此,可推测作者认为脑力训练的理念违背了人类思考和学习的原理,并
未达到预期效果。故可推测短语flies in the face of 意为“与……相反”。
11.A 推理判断题。根据第四段的“The positive effects that have been found are limited
to the very specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained on,such as the ability to
memorize lists of words or numbers,or perform mental arithmetic,with little benefit to other
skills.”可知,已知的脑力训练的积极影响仅限于非常特定的一些小游戏和训练任务,但对
其他技能几乎没有好处。由此推知,脑力训练对记忆力的提高具有局限性。故选A 项。
12.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Puzzle video games such as ‘Baba Is You’ and
‘Return of the Obra Dinn’,see players apply their skill at logic,memory and concentration in a
far more complex way than any brain training mini-game.”可知,作者认为“Baba Is You”和
“Return of the Obra Dinn”这类益智游戏更能激发玩家在逻辑、记忆和注意力方面的能
力,其复杂程度远超过任何脑力训练小游戏。由此推知,作者是对“Baba Is You”这类益
智游戏持赞成态度。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)over and over 反复,再三
2.(Passage 1)dream up 虚构出,凭空想出
3.(Passage 1)consistent adj.始终如一的,一贯的
4.(Passage 1)incredible adj.难以置信的
5.(Passage 1)to the full 充分地,完全地
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6.(Passage 2)be diagnosed with 被诊断为
7.(Passage 2)be named after 以……命名
8.(Passage 2)stick to 遵守
9.(Passage 3)lie in 在于
10.(Passage 3)result in 导致
熟词生义:
1.(Passage 1)steal vt.赢得
2.(Passage 2)flower vi.开花
长难句分析:
(Passage 3)Many of the apps say they are based on “science”,a claim I found surprising as a
former neuroscientist.
分析:本句为复合句。they are based on “science”为省略了that 的宾语从句;a claim 作同位
语,I found surprising as a former neuroscientist 为定语从句,修饰先行词claim。
句意:许多应用程序声称它们是基于“科学”的,作为一名前神经科学家,这一说法让我
感到惊讶。
