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译林版选必 B1U3 Wordlist Page 102 右边词汇讲解(详解版)

译林版选必 B1U3 Wordlist Page 102 右边词汇讲解(详解版)

译林版选必 B1U3 Wordlist Page 102 右边词汇讲解(详解版)

28.*pixel/ˈpɪksl/ n. 像素(34)

29.wage/weɪdʒ/ vt. 开始,发动n.(通常指按周领的)工资,工钱(35)

30.campaign/kæmˈpeɪn/ n.(宣传)活动,运动;战役vt. & vi. 发起运动,参加活动 (35)

31.architecture/ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/ n. 建筑设计,建筑风格;建筑学(35)

32.toast/təʊst/ n. 吐司,烤面包片;干杯,祝酒vt. 为…干杯;;取暖 (37)

33.garlic/ˈɡɑːlɪk/ n. ,大蒜(37)

34.mushroom/ˈmʌʃrʊm/ n. 蘑菇(37)

35.arrange/əˈreɪndʒ/ vt. & vi. 整理,布置;安排,筹备(37)

36.raw/rɔː/ adj.未经加工的,自然状态的;生的,未烹制的 (37)

37.*scroll/skrəʊl/ n. 长卷纸,卷轴(39)

38.insight/ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞悉,了解;洞察力,领悟 (39)

39.crop/krɒp/ n. 庄稼,作物;收成,产量(39)

40.wind/waɪnd/ vi. & vt. (wound, wound) 蜿蜒,迂回;上发条;缠绕(39)

41.sail/seɪl/ vi. & vt.(乘船)航行;起航;驾驶(船只);,n. ;乘船航行 (39)

42.civilian/səˈvɪliən/ n. 平民,老百姓,庶民 (39)

43.all walks of life各行各业,社会各界 (39)

44.butcher/ˈbʊtʃə(r)/ n.肉贩,屠夫 (39)

45.go about sth忙于做某事,继续做某事 (39)

46.apparent/əˈpærənt/ adj. 显而易见,明白易懂,显然(39)

47.*ink/ɪŋk/ n. 墨水,墨汁(39)

48.*perspective/pəˈspektɪv/ n. 透视法;态度,观点;客观判断力;景观,远景(39)

49.precise/prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 细致的,精细的;准确的,精确的;恰好的(39)

50.ambitious/æmˈbɪʃəs/ adj.宏大的,艰巨的;有野心的,有雄心的(39)

28. *pixel /ˈpɪksl/ n. 像素 (34)

常用词性词形变化

名词复数:pixels

形容词:pixelated(像素化的,马赛克效果的)

名词:pixelation(像素化)

常用短语

pixel by pixel 逐像素地

high pixel density 高像素密度

pixel count 像素数

a single pixel 一个像素

pixel art 像素艺术

常用句式

Modern smartphone cameras can capture images with millions of tiny pixels, each recording a specific point of light and colour. 

现代智能手机摄像头能够捕捉数百万个微小像素的图像,每一个像素都记录着一个特定的光点和颜色点。

When you zoom in far enough on a digital photograph, the image begins to break down into individual pixels. 

当你把一张数码照片放大到足够大时,图像就开始分解成一个个单独的像素。

The artist creates intricate scenes in pixel art, painstakingly placing each coloured square one by one. 

这位艺术家用像素艺术创作出精细的场景,不厌其烦地逐一放置每一个彩色小方块。

关联词

resolution(分辨率),dot(点),grain(颗粒),digital(数字的)

特别注意点

pixel 是由picture(图像)和 element(元素)缩合而成的新词。

像素是数字图像的基本构成单位,像素越多通常意味着图像越清晰。

作文写作可用句式

Just as a digital image is composed of countless tiny pixels that only make sense when viewed together, a human life is made up of countless small moments whose true significance is often revealed only in retrospect. 正如一幅数码图像是由无数微小像素组成,只有整体观之才能看清意义一样,人的一生也是由无数微小时刻组成,它们的真正意义往往只有回顾时才会显现。

29. wage /weɪdʒ/ vt. 开始,发动 n.(通常指按周领的)工资,工钱 (35)

常用词性词形变化

名词复数:wages

名词:wager(打赌的人,赌注)

常用短语

wage war on 对……发动战争

wage a campaign 发动一场运动

a living wage 维持基本生活的工资

minimum wage 最低工资

weekly/monthly wage 周薪/月薪

常用句式

The environmental group has been waging a determined campaign to protect the local wetlands from industrial development. 

这个环保组织一直在发起一场坚决的运动,以保护当地湿地免受工业开发的破坏。

He earned a modest wage working in the local bakery, just enough to support his young family. 

他在当地面包店打工,挣着微薄的工资,刚够养活他年轻的家庭。

For centuries, humans have waged war against diseases that once seemed invincible. 

几个世纪以来,人类一直在向那些曾经似乎不可战胜的疾病发动战争。

关联词

salary(薪水),income(收入),conduct(进行,实施),launch(发起,发动)

特别注意点

wage 作动词时,常用搭配wage war / wage a campaign / wage a battle,语气正式。

 salary 的区别:wage 通常指按周发放的体力或非专业劳动的工资;salary通常指按月或年发放的专业人士薪资。

作文写作可用句式

The most important battles we wage in life are not against external enemies but against the doubts and fears that whisper failure into our hearts before we have even begun. 

我们在人生中发动的最重要的战役,不是针对外部敌人的,而是针对那些在我们尚未开始之前就向心中低语失败的疑虑与恐惧。

30. campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n.(宣传)活动,运动;战役 vt. & vi. 发起运动,参加活动 (35)

常用词性词形变化

名词:campaigner(运动参与者,活动家)

过去式/过去分词:campaigned

动名词/现在分词:campaigning

常用短语

launch a campaign 发起一场运动

an advertising campaign 广告宣传活动

campaign for/against 为支持/反对……而开展运动

election campaign 竞选活动

a military campaign 军事战役

常用句式

The students launched a campaign to raise awareness about the importance of recycling in their community. 

学生们发起了一场运动,以提高社区对回收利用重要性的认识。

She has been campaigning tirelessly for the rights of disabled children for over two decades. 

她为争取残疾儿童的权利而不懈地开展运动已有二十多年。

The general’s brilliant military campaign is still studied in staff colleges around the world. 

那位将军精彩的军事战役至今仍在世界各地的参谋学院中被研究。

关联词

movement(运动),crusade(改革运动),drive(运动,宣传活动),battle(战役)

特别注意点

campaign 作名词时既可用于军事“战役”,也可用于社会、政治、商业等方面的“运动、活动”。

作动词时是不及物动词,常与 for  against 连用。

发音注意重音在第二音节:/kæmˈpeɪn/

作文写作可用句式

Every great social advance began as a small campaign waged by a handful of determined individuals who refused to accept that the world could not be improved. 

每一次伟大的社会进步,最初都只是由一小群拒绝接受世界无法改善的坚定个体发起的微小运动。

31. architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/ n. 建筑设计,建筑风格;建筑学 (35)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:architectural(建筑的,建筑学的)

副词:architecturally(在建筑方面)

名词:architect(建筑师)

常用短语

modern architecture 现代建筑

the architecture of ……的建筑风格

study architecture 攻读建筑学

architectural style 建筑风格

software architecture 软件架构

常用句式

The old town is famous for its well-preserved medieval architecture. 

这座老城以其保存完好的中世纪建筑风格而闻名。

She decided to study architecture after visiting the great cathedrals of Europe on a school trip. 

在一次学校组织的旅行中参观了欧洲那些大教堂后,她决定去攻读建筑学。

The architecture of the ancient temple is a perfect blend of local tradition and foreign influences. 

那座古寺的建筑风格是本土传统与外来影响的完美融合。

关联词

building(建筑),construction(建造),design(设计),structure(结构)

特别注意点

architecture 是不可数名词,指“建筑学”或“建筑风格”。

architect 是“建筑师”,注意拼写中后的 t

在计算机领域中,architecture也可指“体系结构”,如computer architecture(计算机体系结构)。

作文写作可用句式

The architecture of a city is a silent autobiography, telling the story of its triumphs and struggles, its periods of confidence and moments of doubt, in a language of stone, glass, and steel. 

一座城市的建筑是一部无声的自传,以石、玻璃和钢铁的语言,讲述着它的胜利与抗争、自信的时期和犹疑的时刻。

32. toast /təʊst/ n. 吐司,烤面包片;干杯,祝酒 vt. 为……干杯;烤;取暖 (37)

常用词性词形变化

名词:toaster(烤面包机)

形容词:toasted(烤过的)

过去式/过去分词:toasted

常用短语

a slice of toast 一片吐司

drink a toast to 为……干杯

propose a toast 提议祝酒

toast the bread 烤面包

be toast 完蛋了,遭殃了

常用句式

She spread butter and homemade strawberry jam on the warm toast. 

她把黄油和自制草莓酱涂在温热的吐司上。

At the wedding reception, the best man rose to propose a toast to the bride and groom. 

在婚宴上,伴郎站起身来,提议为新郎新娘干杯。

We huddled around the fire, toasting our frozen fingers by the dancing flames. 

我们挤在火堆旁,在跳跃的火焰上烤着冻僵的手指。

关联词

bread(面包),cheers(干杯),grill(烤,烧烤),roast(烤)

特别注意点

toast 作“吐司”解时不可数:a piece/slice of toast

作“干杯”解时可数:drink a toast to sb

be toast 是俚语,表示“完蛋了、遇上大麻烦了”

作文写作可用句式

On those cold winter mornings, the smell of freshly made toast drifting from the kitchen was my grandmother’s unspoken promise that the day, however harsh outside, would begin with warmth. 

在那些寒冷的冬晨,厨房里飘出的新鲜烤吐司的香味,是祖母无言地承诺着,无论外面多么严寒,这一天都将从温暖开始。

33. garlic /ˈɡɑːlɪk/ n. 蒜,大蒜 (37)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:garlicky(有大蒜味的)

名词:clove of garlic(一瓣大蒜)

常用短语

a clove of garlic 一瓣蒜

garlic bread 蒜蓉面包

crush garlic 压碎大蒜

garlic sauce 大蒜酱

roast garlic 烤大蒜

常用句式

The recipe says to fry the chopped onion and crushed garlic gently in olive oil until they are soft and fragrant. 

食谱上说要用橄榄油把切碎的洋葱和压碎的大蒜轻轻炒一下,直到它们变软并散发出香味。

He added a clove of garlic to the soup, knowing it would give the broth an extra depth of flavour. 

他往汤里加了一瓣蒜,知道这会给汤底增添一份额外的味道层次。

Roast garlic becomes surprisingly sweet and creamy, losing all the sharpness of its raw state. 

烤过的大蒜会变得出奇地甜滑细腻,完全失去生蒜时的辛辣。

关联词

onion(洋葱),herb(香草),spice(香料),seasoning(调味品)

特别注意点

garlic 是不可数名词,不可以说 a garlic

表示“一瓣蒜”需用 a clove of garlic

garlicky 是形容词,表示“有蒜味的”。

作文写作可用句式

The pungent scent of garlic sizzling in olive oil drifted out of my grandmother’s kitchen and into the garden, a fragrance so deeply woven into my childhood that I cannot smell it today without being transported home. 

蒜瓣在橄榄油中滋滋作响的辛辣香气从祖母的厨房飘出,飘进了花园,这种香气如此深深地编织进了我的童年,以至于如今闻到它时,我仍会瞬间被带回家中。

34. mushroom /ˈmʌʃrʊm/ n. 蘑菇 (37)

常用词性词形变化

名词复数:mushrooms

动词:mushroom(迅速增长,像蘑菇般扩散)

过去式/过去分词:mushroomed

常用短语

pick mushrooms 采蘑菇

mushroom soup 蘑菇汤

mushroom cloud 蘑菇云

mushroom into 迅速发展成

wild mushrooms 野生蘑菇

常用句式

After the autumn rains, the forest floor was covered with wild mushrooms of every shape and colour. 

秋雨过后,森林的地面上铺满了形状各异、色彩斑斓的野生蘑菇。

The small start-up mushroomed into a multinational corporation within just five years. 

那家小小的初创公司在短短五年内迅速发展成了一家跨国公司。

She ordered a bowl of creamy mushroom soup to warm herself on the chilly evening. 

她点了一碗奶油蘑菇汤,在寒冷的夜晚暖暖身子。

关联词

fungus(真菌),toadstool(毒蘑菇),spore(孢子),truffle(松露)

特别注意点

mushroom 既可作名词也可作动词;

mushroom作动词时常与 into 搭配,表示“迅速增长/扩散成”。

注意区分 edible mushrooms(食用菌)和poisonous toadstools(毒蘑菇)。

作文写作可用句式

The old man taught me to distinguish the safe mushrooms from their poisonous lookalikes, a skill he said his own grandfather had passed down to him in these very woods. 

老人教会了我如何区分安全的蘑菇和那些外形相似的毒蘑菇,他说这本领是他的祖父就在这片森林里传给他的。

35. arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ vt. & vi. 整理,布置;安排,筹备 (37)

常用词性词形变化

名词:arrangement(安排,布置;排列)

形容词:arranged(安排好的,布置好的)

过去式/过去分词:arranged

常用短语

arrange a meeting 安排一次会议

arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事

arrange flowers 插花

be arranged in 按……排列

arrange to do sth 约定好做某事

常用句式

She carefully arranged the fresh flowers in a vase, stepping back now and then to check the overall effect. 

她小心翼翼地把鲜花插在花瓶里,不时退后一步检查整体效果。

I have arranged for a car to pick you up at the airport at six o’clock. 

我已安排好一辆车六点钟到机场接你。

The books on the shelf were arranged in alphabetical order, which made them easy to find. 

书架上的书是按字母顺序排列的,这样很容易就能找到。

关联词

organize(组织),plan(计划),set up(安排),sort(整理)

特别注意点

arrange后可接不定式(arrange to do sth)或 that 从句。

arrange表示“为某人安排某事”用 arrange for sb to do sth

arrangement 常用复数 arrangements,如 make arrangements(做安排)。

作文写作可用句式

Life has a way of arranging the most important meetings at the most unexpected moments, as if the universe secretly delights in surprising us with the people we are destined to meet. 

生命有一种把最重要的相遇安排在最意想不到的时刻的方式,仿佛宇宙暗自喜欢用我们注定要遇到的人来给我们惊喜。

36. raw /rɔː/ adj. 未经加工的,自然状态的;生的,未烹制的 (37)

常用词性词形变化

名词:rawness(生,自然状态;阴冷)

比较级/最高级:rawer / rawest

常用短语

raw materials 原材料

raw data 原始数据

raw fish 生鱼

raw emotion 不加掩饰的情感

a raw deal 不公平的待遇

raw nerve 痛点,敏感话题

常用句式

The country exports mainly raw materials such as timber and iron ore rather than finished goods. 

该国主要出口木材和铁矿石等原材料,而非成品。

The documentary captures the raw emotions of the survivors with a brutal honesty that is hard to watch. 

这部纪录片以一种令人不忍目睹的残酷诚实捕捉到了幸存者那些不加掩饰的情感。

Her throat was raw from shouting encouragement to the team throughout the entire match. 

整场比赛她都在为队伍呐喊助威,嗓子都喊哑了。

关联词

unprocessed(未经加工的),fresh(新鲜的),unrefined(未提炼的),natural(天然的)

特别注意点

raw 的核心含义是“未经过加工或处理的状态”,可形容食物、材料、数据、情感等。

a raw deal 是习语,表示“不公正的待遇”

touch a raw nerve 是习语,表示“触及某人的痛处”。

作文写作可用句式

The most powerful art often comes from a place of raw, unpolished truth  the kind of truth that refuses to be prettied up or made more comfortable for its audience. 

最有力的艺术往往来自一种原始、未经打磨的真相——那种拒绝被美化或为了让观众更舒服而加以修饰的真相。

37. *scroll /skrəʊl/ n. 长卷纸,卷轴 (39)

常用词性词形变化

名词复数:scrolls

动词:scroll(滚动,滚屏)

过去式/过去分词:scrolled

常用短语

a scroll of parchment 一卷羊皮纸

ancient scrolls 古代卷轴

scroll down/up 向下/向上滚动(屏幕)

scroll through 浏览,快速翻阅

常用句式

The archaeologist carefully unrolled the delicate scroll, revealing columns of faded ancient script. 

考古学家小心翼翼地展开那卷脆弱的卷轴,露出了上面一列列已经褪色的古代文字。

She scrolled through the document on her laptop, searching for the relevant paragraph. 

她在笔记本电脑上滚动浏览着那份文件,寻找相关的段落。

In the museum, a priceless scroll of calligraphy dating back to the Tang Dynasty was displayed in a sealed glass case. 

博物馆里,一幅追溯到唐代的无价书法卷轴被封在一个密闭的玻璃展柜中展出。

关联词

manuscript(手稿),parchment(羊皮纸),roll(卷,卷状物),codex(手抄本)

特别注意点

在现代用法中,scroll 更常用作动词,指在电子屏幕上“上下滚动页面”。

名词 scroll 指古代用羊皮纸、丝绸或纸制成的“卷轴”。

作文写作可用句式

Unrolling the old painted scroll my grandfather had brought back from his travels, I watched landscapes of misty mountains and winding rivers unfold before my eyes  a journey frozen in ink. 

展开祖父从旅途中带回的旧画卷,我看着雾霭笼罩的群山和蜿蜒的江河在我眼前徐徐展开——那是一趟凝固在墨中的旅程。

38. insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞悉,了解;洞察力,领悟 (39)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:insightful(有洞察力的,有深刻见解的)

名词复数:insights

常用短语

gain an insight into 深入理解……

provide insight into 提供对……的洞见

a flash of insight 灵光一闪

valuable insights 宝贵的见解

insightful comments 有深刻见解的评论

常用句式

The book provides fascinating insights into the mind of one of history’s greatest thinkers. 

这本书为我们深入理解历史上一位最伟大思想家的内心世界提供了引人入胜的洞见。

In a sudden flash of insight, she realized what had been missing from her research all along. 

在一阵突如其来的领悟中,她意识到自己的研究一直以来缺少的是什么。

Listening to the elderly share their life experiences can offer profound insight that no textbook could ever convey. 

倾听老年人分享他们的人生经历,能提供任何教科书都无法传达的深刻洞见。

关联词

understanding(理解),perception(领悟,感知),wisdom(智慧),revelation(启示)

特别注意点

insight 既可作可数名词(an insight / insights)也可作不可数名词。

常用搭配:insight into(对……的深刻理解)

insightful 是形容词,形容人或言论“有深刻见解的”。

作文写作可用句式

The most valuable insight I have gained from my years of travel is not any fact about foreign lands, but the humbling realisation that the world is far larger and more complex than my own narrow experience. 

我从多年旅行中获得的最宝贵洞见,并非任何关于异国他乡的事实,而是那种令人谦卑的认识——这个世界远比我自己狭隘的经验要广阔和复杂得多。

39. crop /krɒp/ n. 庄稼,作物;收成,产量 (39)

常用词性词形变化

名词复数:crops

动词:crop(剪短,修剪;收割;突然出现)

过去式/过去分词:cropped

常用短语

staple crop 主要作物

cash crop 经济作物

crop failure 歉收

crop up 突然出现,意外发生

a bumper crop 大丰收

the cream of the crop 精英,精华

常用句式

Rice is the main crop grown in this region, with farmers planting it twice a year in the fertile paddies. 

水稻是该地区种植的主要作物,农民们在肥沃的水田里一年种植两次。

Unexpected problems keep cropping up and delaying the construction project. 

意想不到的问题不断冒出来,延误着这个建筑工程。

After a year of favourable weather, the farmers celebrated a bumper crop that brought prosperity to the entire village. 

经过一年风调雨顺,农民们欢庆着给整个村子带来繁荣的大丰收。

关联词

harvest(收获),yield(产量),grain(谷物),produce(农产品)

特别注意点

crop 作名词可泛指“作物”,也可指特定季节的“收成”。

crop up 是短语动词,表示“突然出现、意外发生”。

the cream of the crop 是习语,表示“精华、最优秀的部分”,与 cream 词条相呼应。

作文写作可用句式

Just as a farmer cannot rush the ripening of his crops, we must learn that the most worthwhile things in life  deep friendships, genuine skills, inner wisdom require seasons of patient cultivation. 

正如农夫无法催促庄稼成熟,我们必须学会,生活中最值得拥有的东西——深厚的友情、真正的技能、内在的智慧——都需要季复一季的耐心培育。

40. wind /waɪnd/ vi. & vt. (wound, wound) 蜿蜒,迂回;上发条;缠绕 (39)

常用词性词形变化

过去式/过去分词:wound /waʊnd/

形容词:winding(蜿蜒曲折的)

名词:winder(缠绕器,卷扬机)

常用短语

wind through 蜿蜒穿过

wind up 上紧发条;结束,终止;最终落得

wind down 逐渐变慢;放松下来

wind a watch 给手表上发条

a winding road 蜿蜒的道路

常用句式

The narrow path wound steadily upwards through the pine forest, the scent of resin hanging heavy in the warm air. 

那条狭窄的小径在松林中蜿蜒向上,树脂的香气在温暖的空气里显得格外浓郁。

Before going to bed, my grandfather would always carefully wind the old grandfather clock. 

上床之前,祖父总是会小心翼翼地为那台老爷爷钟上发条。

The company decided to wind down its operations overseas and focus on the domestic market. 

公司决定逐步缩减海外业务,专注于国内市场。

关联词

twist(扭曲,蜿蜒),curve(弯曲),coil(盘绕,卷),meander(蜿蜒)

特别注意点

注意区分 wind /wɪnd/(风)和 wind /waɪnd/(蜿蜒,缠绕),同形异音异义。

过去式和过去分词 wound 的发音为 /waʊnd/,不是/wuːnd/(受伤)。

wind up 有两个截然不同的含义:①上发条②结束/最终落得。

作文写作可用句式

The ancient stone steps wound their way up the mountainside, each turn revealing a wider view of the valleys below  a patient path that seemed to understand that the summit is best reached not in haste but in wonder. 

古老的石阶蜿蜒而上,爬上山坡,每一个转弯都展现着下方山谷更宽广的景色——这是一条从容的路,似乎深谙登顶不在于匆忙而在于心怀惊叹的道理。

41. sail /seɪl/ vi. & vt.(乘船)航行;起航;驾驶(船只);飘,掠 n. 帆;乘船航行 (39)

常用词性词形变化

名词:sailor(水手,海员)sailing(帆船运动,航行)

过去式/过去分词:sailed

常用短语

set sail 起航,开船

sail through 顺利通过,轻松完成

sail across 横渡

under sail 张帆航行中

sail close to the wind 冒风险,打擦边球

常用句式

The ship set sail at dawn, its white canvas catching the first rays of the rising sun. 

那艘船在黎明时分起航,白色的船帆揽起旭日的第一缕光芒。

She sailed through all her exams without seeming to study very much at all. 

她似乎没怎么学习就轻松通过了所有的考试。

A single feather caught by the breeze sailed gently down from the branch and landed on the still water of the pond. 

一根被微风拂落的羽毛从树枝上轻轻飘下,落在池塘平静的水面上。

关联词

voyage(航行),cruise(巡游),navigate(导航),glide(滑行,飘过)

特别注意点

sail 作动词时既可及物也可不及物。

sail through 是短语动词,表示“轻松通过、顺利度过”。

sail close to the wind 是习语,指“冒险行事、打擦边球”。

作文写作可用句式

Watching the paper boat I had folded sail away down the stream, I felt a strange mix of pride and loss  as if that fragile vessel carried not just paper but a little piece of my childhood. 

看着自己折的纸船顺着溪流漂去,我感到一种奇怪的交织着骄傲和失落的心情——仿佛那艘脆弱的纸船承载的不仅是纸片,还有童年的一小片时光。

42. civilian /səˈvɪliən/ n. 平民,老百姓,庶民 (39)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:civilian(平民的,民用的)

名词:civil(公民的,民用的,民事的)

常用短语

civilian life 平民生活

civilian clothes 便服

civilian casualties 平民伤亡

return to civilian life 回归平民生活

civilian population 平民人口

常用句式

After twenty years in the army, he found it surprisingly difficult to adapt to civilian life. 

在军队服役二十年后,他惊讶地发现要适应平民生活竟如此困难。

The international law strictly forbids targeting civilians during armed conflicts. 

国际法严禁在武装冲突中以平民为目标。

The detective was dressed in civilian clothes so as not to draw attention to himself. 

侦探穿着便服以免引人注意。

关联词

citizen(公民),non-combatant(非战斗人员),inhabitant(居民),military(军人的)

特别注意点

civilian military 互为反义词。

作形容词时,civilian表示“平民的、民用的”(civilian aircraft 民航客机;civilian government 文官政府)。

注意区分civil(公民的,有礼貌的)和 civilian(平民的)

作文写作可用句式

The greatest tragedy of any war is not measured by territory gained or lost, but by the untold stories of ordinary civilians whose lives were torn apart by forces beyond their control. 

任何战争最大的悲剧,都不是由所得或所失的领土来衡量,而是由那些被他们无法控制的力量撕裂了生活的普通平民的无数故事来衡量的。

43. all walks of life 各行各业,社会各界 (39)

常用句式

The charity event attracted volunteers from all walks of life, including teachers, doctors, students, and retired factory workers. 

这场慈善活动吸引了来自各行各业的志愿者,包括教师、医生、学生和退休的工厂工人。

It is truly inspiring to see people from all walks of life come together to support a common cause. 

看到来自社会各界的人们团结起来支持一个共同的事业,着实鼓舞人心。

The survey collected opinions from citizens across all walks of life to ensure the results were truly representative. 

这项调查收集了社会各界市民的意见,以确保结果真正具有代表性。

关联词

all sectors of society(社会各阶层),every social stratum(每个社会阶层),the general public(公众),people from all backgrounds(来自不同背景的人们)

特别注意点

all walks of life 是固定习语,walk 在此指“职业、行业、社会阶层”。

可用于描述一个群体多样化的构成。

该短语强调包容性和广泛性。

作文写作可用句式

The quiet wisdom I have encountered in people from all walks of life has taught me that formal education is merely one path to understanding, and often not the richest one. 

我在来自各行各业的人们身上遇到的无声智慧告诉我,正规教育仅仅是通往理解的一条途径,而且往往不是最丰富的那一条。

44. butcher /ˈbʊtʃə(r)/ n. 肉贩,屠夫 (39)

常用词性词形变化

名词:butchery(屠宰业;残杀)

动词:butcher(屠宰;残杀;弄砸)

过去式/过去分词:butchered

常用短语

the butcher’s shop 肉铺,肉店

go to the butcher’s 去肉铺

butcher a pig 宰猪

butcher the pronunciation 毁掉发音,把发音弄得一塌糊涂

常用句式

My grandmother always went to the same butcher for her Sunday roast, insisting his meat was the freshest in town. 

我的祖母总是去同一家肉铺买她的周日烤肉,坚持说他的肉是全城最新鲜的。

The committee completely butchered his carefully drafted proposal, cutting out all the most important sections. 

委员会把他精心起草的方案弄得面目全非,砍掉了所有最重要的部分。

The documentary showed the horrific butchery of wildlife that continues in certain parts of the world. 

这部纪录片展示了在世界某些地方仍在继续的对野生动物的可怕残杀。

关联词

slaughterer(屠夫),meat seller(肉贩),carnage(大屠杀),massacre(屠杀)

特别注意点

butcher 作名词时通常指专门售卖或处理肉类的人。

作动词时除了本义“屠宰”,常引申为“胡乱删改、弄砸”,如 butcher a song / a speech

口语中可用butcher’s 代替butcher’s shop

作文写作可用句式

The old butcher knew every family in the neighbourhood and would set aside the best cut for those who were struggling, wrapped in brown paper with a warm smile and never a word about payment. 

那位老肉贩认识街区的每一家人,总是把最好的那块肉留给那些日子艰难的人家用牛皮纸包好,附上一个温暖的笑容,从不提付钱的事。

45. go about sth 忙于做某事,继续做某事 (39)

常用句式

She quietly went about her daily tasks, seemingly unbothered by the chaos unfolding around her. 

她悄悄地忙着做自己的日常事务,似乎并不被周围正在上演的混乱所困扰。

Could you explain how you usually go about preparing for such an important exam? 

你能解释一下你通常是怎样着手准备如此重要的一场考试的吗?

He has no idea how to go about finding a reliable second-hand car. 

他完全不知道该如何着手找一辆可靠的二手车。

关联词

set about(着手做),tackle(处理),approach(着手处理),get on with(继续做)

特别注意点

go about 有两个常见含义:①忙于/继续做某事②着手处理/开始做。

后接名词或动名词:go about one’s business / go about doing sth

 go around 区分:go around 是“四处走动、流传”的意思

作文写作可用句式

The most impressive people I have met are not those who loudly proclaim their ambitions, but those who quietly go about their work with steady dedication, letting their results speak for themselves. 

我遇到的最令人钦佩的人,并非那些高声宣告自己雄心壮志的人,而是那些以稳定的投入默默忙着自己工作、让结果说明一切的人。

46. apparent /əˈpærənt/ adj. 显而易见,明白易懂,显然 (39)

常用词性词形变化

副词:apparently(显然,看来;据说)

名词:apparentness(明显,清晰)

常用短语

become apparent 变得明显

for no apparent reason 无缘无故地

it is apparent that ……是显而易见的

apparent to 对……来说是明显的

an apparent contradiction 明显的矛盾

常用句式

It quickly became apparent that the new teaching method was having a dramatic positive effect on the students’ progress. 

很快就显现出新的教学方法对学生的进步有着显著的积极影响。

She left the room suddenly and for no apparent reason, leaving everyone bewildered. 

她突然又无缘无故地离开了房间,让所有人都莫名其妙。

Apparently, the concert has been postponed until next month due to illness among the performers. 

据说,由于演奏者生病,音乐会已被推迟到下个月。

关联词

obvious(明显的),evident(显然的),clear(清楚的),manifest(明显的)

特别注意点

apparent obvious 的区别:apparent可指“表面上看起来如此但未必真实”,而obvious 更强调“毫无疑问”。

apparently 作副词有两个含义:①“看起来、显然”②“据说、听说”(语气不确定)。

for no apparent reason 是高频短语。

作文写作可用句式

It is apparent to anyone who has spent time in nature that the world does not exist for human convenience alone, but follows rhythms far older than our species. 

任何一个在大自然中待过的人都能明显看出,这个世界并非仅仅为了人类的便利而存在,而是遵循着远比我们物种更古老的韵律。

47. *ink /ɪŋk/ n. 墨水,墨汁 (39)

常用词性词形变化

形容词:inky(墨黑的,漆黑的)

动词:ink(给……上墨;签署合同)

过去式/过去分词:inked

常用短语

Indian ink 墨汁

ink pen 墨水笔

pen and ink 笔墨

in ink 用墨水书写

as black as ink 墨一般黑,漆黑

常用句式

The letter was written in fading blue ink, the handwriting elegant but trembling with age. 

那封信是用已经褪色的蓝墨水写成的,笔迹优雅,却因年代久远而微微颤抖。

The poet reached for his pen and ink and began to write, the words flowing as if they had been waiting to be released. 

诗人伸手取过笔墨,开始书写,那些词语仿佛一直在等待着被释放般倾泻而出。

She made a few corrections in red ink and returned the draft to her student. 

她用红墨水改了几处,然后把草稿还给了她的学生。

关联词

fountain pen(自来水笔),calligraphy(书法),paint(颜料),dye(染料)

特别注意点

ink 通常不可数,但可指不同种类的墨水时用复数 inks

in ink 是固定搭配,表示“用墨水”,不用 with ink

inky 是形容词,常形容“漆黑”,如 the inky darkness of the night

作文写作可用句式

There is something almost magical about putting pen to paper and watching the dark ink spread into words  a transformation of thought into something visible and lasting. 

将笔落在纸上、看着深色的墨水铺展成文字,有一种近乎神奇的东西——那是思想转化为可见而持久的东西的过程。

48. *perspective /pəˈspektɪv/ n. 透视法;态度,观点;客观判断力;景观,远景 (39)

常用词性词形变化

名词复数:perspectives

常用短语

from one’s perspective 从某人的角度看

put  in/into perspective 恰当地看待,使……显得客观

a fresh perspective 全新的视角

a global perspective 全球视野

in perspective 透视地;恰当地

lose perspective 失去客观判断力

常用句式

From my grandmother’s perspective, the most important quality a person can have is kindness. 

从我祖母的角度来看,一个人能拥有的最重要的品质就是善良。

Spending a year abroad really helped to put my own problems into perspective. 

在国外待了一年真的帮助我恰当地看待了自己的问题。

The artist mastered perspective to create the illusion of depth and distance in her landscape paintings. 

这位画家掌握了透视法,在她的风景画中创造出纵深和距离的幻觉。

关联词

viewpoint(观点),standpoint(立场),angle(角度),outlook(观点,世界观)

特别注意点

perspective 的核心是“视角”,既可是视觉上的“透视法”,也可是抽象认知上的“观点/角度”。

put things in/into perspective 是重要习语,表示“恰当地看待事物,分清轻重主次”。

keep things in perspective 表示“保持客观判断力,不夸大其词”。

作文写作可用句式

Travelling to a country vastly different from your own offers a priceless gift  a new perspective that makes the familiar strange and the strange familiar. 

去一个与你自己国家迥异的国家旅行,会送给你一份无价的礼物——一种全新的视角,让熟悉的事物变得陌生,让陌生的事物变得熟悉。

49. precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ adj. 细致的,精细的;准确的,精确的;恰好的 (39)

常用词性词形变化

名词:precision(精确,准确性)

副词:precisely(精确地;恰好,正是)

名词:preciseness(精确,严谨)

常用短语

precise instructions 明确的指示

a precise measurement 精确的测量

at the precise moment 就在那一刻

to be precise 准确地说,确切地讲

precision engineering 精密工程

常用句式

The surgeon made every movement with precise and deliberate care. 

那位外科医生每一个动作都精确而沉稳。

I can’t remember the precise words she used, but the message was clear enough. 

我记不清她使用的确切词语了,但信息已是够清楚的了。

He arrived at the precise moment when she was about to give up and leave. 

他就在她正要放弃离开的那一刻赶到了。

The whole family sixteen of us, to be precise gathered at my grandparents’ house for the festival. 

全家人——确切地说,我们十六口人——聚在祖父母家过节。

关联词

exact(确切的),accurate(准确的),specific(具体的),meticulous(一丝不苟的)

特别注意点

precise exact 的区别:两者常可互换,但 precise强调“精确细致的程度”;exact 强调“与事实完全吻合”。

precisely 常用作回答,表示完全同意:“正是如此。”

to be precise 是常用插入语,用于提供更准确的数字或细节。

作文写作可用句式

The most precise memory I have of my father is not any grand event, but the way his rough hands carefully sharpened a pencil for me each morning before school. 

我对父亲最精确的记忆,并非任何盛大的事件,而是他那双粗糙的手每天早晨在我上学前仔细地为我削好铅笔的样子。

50. ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ adj. 宏大的,艰巨的;有野心的,有雄心的 (39)

常用词性词形变化

名词:ambition(野心,雄心,抱负)

副词:ambitiously(雄心勃勃地)

常用短语

an ambitious plan 宏大的计划

be ambitious for 渴望得到,对……有雄心

an ambitious young man 有抱负的年轻人

overly ambitious 野心过大的

ambitious goals 雄心勃勃的目标

常用句式

The city has drawn up an ambitious plan to become carbon neutral by the year 2050. 

该市已制定了一个雄心勃勃的计划,要在 2050年之前实现碳中和。

She was ambitious for her children, wanting them to have all the opportunities she herself had missed. 

她对孩子寄予厚望,希望他们能拥有所有她自己曾错过的机会。

The young entrepreneur set herself the ambitious goal of building a company that would truly make a difference. 

那位年轻的企业家给自己定下了一个雄心勃勃的目标——创办一家真正能带来改变的公司。

关联词

aspiring(有抱负的),enterprising(有事业心的),challenging(有挑战性的),grand(宏大的)

特别注意点

ambitious 既可形容人“有雄心/野心的”,也可形容计划/工程等“规模宏大的”。

名词ambition 后可接 to do  of doing

虽然中文“野心”有时含贬义,但ambitious 在英语中多含正面色彩,表示有志气、肯进取。

作文写作可用句式

The most ambitious dreams are like distant mountains  they may seem impossibly far when you first set out, but with each step forward, the peak draws just a little nearer. 

最宏大的梦想就像远山——你第一次起程时它们或许看起来遥不可及,但随着一步步向前走,那座山峰就会拉近一点点。