ARTICLE · 1108357
小学英语语法100期G86 · 宾语从句(上)— that引导与语序
小学英语语法100期G86 · 宾语从句(上)— that引导与语序
| 小学英语语法100期 |
| 本期目标 |
| 一、什么是宾语从句？ |
| 宾语从句就是一个句子给另一个句子当宾语。对比理解：普通宾语（一个词）：I know him.（我知道他。）宾语从句（一个句子）：I know that he is a good student.（我知道他是一个好学生。）第一句的宾语是"him"一个单词，第二句的宾语是"he is a good student"一个完整的句子。当一个句子充当另一个句子的宾语时，我们就叫它宾语从句。 |
| 二、that 引导的宾语从句 |
| 结构公式：主句 + that+ 从句（陈述语序）例句学习：I thinkthatshe is right. 我认为她是对的。He saysthathe likes English. 他说他喜欢英语。We knowthatthe earth is round. 我们知道地球是圆的。She believesthat he can win. 她相信他能赢。 |
| that 的省略规则 |
| 情况 | 可省略？ | 例句 |
| 口语/非正式 | 可以省略 | I think (that) it's a great idea. |
| say / know / think / believe / hope | 可以省略 | He said (that) he was busy. |
| 正式书面语 | 不能省略 | The fact that he is rich surprised us. |
| and 连接两个that从句 | 第二个that不能省 | He said that he liked it and that he wanted more. |
| 三、黄金法则：永远用陈述语序！ |
| 这是宾语从句最重要的考点！从句部分永远用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），绝对不能用疑问语序！ |
| 错误写法 | 正确写法 |
| I don't know what is she doing. | I don't know what she is doing. |
| Can you tell me where is the library? | Can you tell me where the library is? |
| He asked who was she talking to. | He asked who she was talking to. |
| Tell me how can I get there. | Tell me how I can get there. |
| 记忆口诀：从句不疑问，主语放前面！疑问句语序：疑问词 + 助动词/be动词 + 主语 + ...（Can you...? / Where is...?）宾语从句语序：疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + ...（...you can... / ...where the library is） |
| 四、主句与从句的时态配合 |
| 主句时态 | 从句时态 | 例句 |
| 一般现在时 | 任意时态 | I know that she is/was/will be here. |
| 一般过去时 | 过去类时态 | I knew that she was here. |
| 一般过去时 | 客观真理不变！ | He said that the earth is round. |
| 核心规则：1. 主句是现在时，从句可以用任何时态（不受限制）2. 主句是过去时，从句必须变成相应的过去时（时态后退）3. 客观真理永不相退！（太阳从东边升起、地球是圆的等，即使主句是过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时） |
| 五、常跟 that 从句的动词 |
| 类别 | 动词 |
| 说/告诉 | say 说, tell 告诉, mention 提到 |
| 想/认为 | think 认为, believe 相信, suppose 猜想 |
| 知道/了解 | know 知道, realize 意识到, understand 理解 |
| 希望/害怕 | hope 希望, wish 希望, fear 害怕 |
| 发现/证明 | find 发现, prove 证明, show 表明 |
| 宾语从句记忆口诀 |
| 六、练习挑战（共15题） |
| 第一关：填空（5题） |
| 1. I know ____________ he is a teacher.2. She says ____________ she likes Chinese food.3. He thinks ____________ English is very important.4. We believe ____________ our team will win.5. I hope ____________ you can come to my party. |
| 第二关：选择（5题） |
| 题号 | 题目 | 选项 |
| 6 | Can you tell me _______? | A. where is the hospitalB. where the hospital isC. the hospital is where |
| 7 | Do you know _______? | A. how old is sheB. how old she isC. she is how old |
| 8 | He said that the sun _______ in the east. | A. roseB. risesC. was rising |
| 9 | I think _______ she will come, but I'm not sure. | A. thatB. whatC. if |
| 10 | She told me _______ she had finished homework. | A. thatB. whatC. which |
| 第三关：改错（5题） |
| 题号 | 错误句子 | 改为正确 |
| 11 | I don't know what is his name. | ____________________________ |
| 12 | Can you tell me where does she live? | ____________________________ |
| 13 | He said that he will come tomorrow. | ____________________________ |
| 14 | The teacher said that light traveled faster than sound. | ____________________________ |
| 15 | He asked me how could he get to the station. | ____________________________ |
| 参考答案与解析 |
| 第一关：填空1. I know that he is a teacher.（that引导陈述内容）2. She says that she likes Chinese food.（主句现在时，从句任意时态）3. He thinks that English is very important.（that表观点）4. We believe that our team will win.（that可省略，不填也对）5. I hope that you can come to my party.（hope后常用that引导） |
| 第二关：选择6.B- 宾语从句必须用陈述语序：wherethe hospital is，不能用 where is the hospital。7.B- 同理，陈述语序：how oldshe is，不能是 how old is she。8.B- "太阳从东边升起"是客观真理，即使主句said是过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时 rises。9.A- think 后跟 that 引导宾语从句，表示一个完整的陈述。10.A - told 后跟 that，表示告诉的内容是一个完整的陈述。 |
| 第三关：改错11. I don't know what his name is.（语序错误：what is his name 是疑问语序，改为陈述语序）12. Can you tell me where she lives?（用了助动词 does 是疑问结构，去掉 does，lives 还原为 live... 不对！she lives 即可）详细：从句要用陈述语序，where she lives 即可，不需要 do/does。13. He said that he would come tomorrow.（主句过去时(said)，从句将来时 will 要后退为过去将来时 would）14. The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.（客观真理，即使主句是 said，从句仍用一般现在时 travels）15. He asked me how he could get to the station.（疑问语序 how could he → 陈述语序 how he could） |
| 本期核心总结 |
| 小学英语语法100期 · G86 · 宾语从句（上）| 从句系列 |