北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 22版 《5年高考3年模拟 B
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专题十一 推理判断
— 专题检测 —
Passage 1
Dan studied the tracks on the ground. For the third night in a row, the adult bear
had returned. Was she here because she was just looking for an easy meal? Or was she
here because of the baby bear locked in the pen? If that was the reason, what did she
want with the cub?
Dan thought about the cub. He knew there was a lot the cub could learn from an
adult bear. He did not want to disturb or interfere with the bears getting to know each
other. But the cub had been brought in injured. As the cub's guardian, Dan had a
responsibility to make sure that the cub was safe. Perhaps he had been hurt by this very
bear. On the other hand, what if the adult were friendly? She could teach the cub things
he had to learn if he were to live in the wilderness. Dan decided it was worth taking a
chance. He would let the adult bear near the cub. But he would be ready for trouble, if
this turned out to be a mistake.
That night, Dan waited in the shadows near the pen. In his hand was a big
flashlight. If the adult bear tried to hurt the cub, he would try to scare her off with the
light. If that did not work, he had a loud horn with him. He thought that the sudden
noise from the horn would drive her away.
Dan did not have to wait very long. Soon there was a rustling in the woods. Then
the adult proclaimed her presence with a low growl and emerged from behind a tree. She
was quick in movement and healthy. Dan hoped she would scare easily.
As soon as the cub heard her frightening low noise, he became active and started
toward the fence in an awkward run. When the two bears met at the fence, the adult
stood and put her front paws against it. The cub tried to do the same, but tottered and
fell forward. The adult bear snorted. Dan was not sure what the snort meant. Then the
cub stuck his nose through the fence in a friendly greeting. How would the adult
respond? Dan's heart raced. He raised the flashlight and the horn, ready to act.
The adult leaned forward and gently rubbed her nose against the cub. Dan lowered
the flashlight. Everything was going to be fine.
1.The author writes this passage chiefly for the purpose of .
A.showing people how to behave at the zoo
B.informing the reader about extinct animals
C.persuading the reader to give money to zoos
D.entertaining the reader with a story about bears
2.The author asks questions at the beginning of the story to .
A.help people remember the story
B.find out if the reader can answer them
C.get the reader interested in the story
D.see how much the reader knows about bears
3.Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “tottered” in Paragraph 5?
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A.Walked proudly with his head high.
B.Moved in a way that was not steady.
C.Walked with heavy steps in an angry way.
D.Moved lightly as if he was dancing.
4.Why did Dan lower the flashlight at the end of the story?
A.He saw the adult bear was not going to hurt the cub.
B.He wanted to scare away the adult bear.
C.He was concerned about what might happen.
D.He wondered if the two bears would get along well.
答案
[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与自然。一只小熊受伤后得到了丹的救助,它
被关在了一个围栏里,一只母熊一连三个晚上想要接近这只小熊。一方面丹担心母熊会伤害
小熊,另一方面他又担心小熊会失去了从母熊身上学到生存本领的机会,因为母熊接近小熊的
目的可能不是来伤害它。
1.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写此文章的主要目的是什么?可以用排除法确定答案。
A:向人们展示在动物园里如何行事;B:告诉读者关于灭绝的动物的情况;C:说服读者给动物园
捐钱;D:用有关熊的故事来娱乐读者。A、B、C三项很容易被排除。
2.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:在故事的开始作者提出问题的目的是 。根据第一
段的内容可知:作者连着提了三个问题,显然是要引起读者对下文的兴趣。故答案为C项。
3.B 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:哪一项与第5段画线词“tottered”意思最相近?根据画线
词前的“in an awkward run”(笨拙地跑去)及后面的“fell forward”(向前倒了下去)可推知
画线词的意思是“踉跄,蹒跚”,故答案为B项。
4.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在故事结尾丹为什么放下了手电筒?根据最后一段最后一
句“Everything was going to be fine.”(一切都会好的)可知丹之所以放下手电筒是因为他
明白了成年母熊不会伤害小熊,故答案为A项。
高级词块 1.in a row连续几次地 2.interfere with干涉,干扰
Passage 2
Last week,84-year-old Janet Fein received her bachelor's degree from the University of
Texas at Dallas. Fein has had a full life. She has raised five children and then had a
career as a secretary until she retired at age 77. But even then, she was not ready to take
it easy and rest. She said she decided to major in sociology because she felt it was very
important.
Fein grew up in the Bronx area of New York City. She just wanted to get a job in
high school. After graduating at the age of 16, she went to work as a secretary. After
getting married, she spent 18 years staying at home with her children. She held several
jobs throughout her life, including 20 years as a secretary at a hospital. She also worked
for 20 years on earning an associate degree. But Fein also wanted to earn a bachelor's
degree “with all my heart”. Even with all of her life experiences, she still enjoyed
reading, writing papers and learning new things.
Health experts say continuing with education later in life is one way to keep
fit.Carmel Dyer, director of the UT Health Consortium on Aging at the University of
Texas Health Science Center in Houston, says keeping active and giving yourself
something to look forward to “is just a really positive move”.
Fein kept going to class even as her health conditions worsened. During her studies,
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it became necessary for her to use a walker to get around and she required oxygen.She
also developed knee problems. Therefore, Fein took online classes to finish the last part
of her degree requirements.Her college advisor Sheila Rollerson said Fein never showed
signs of giving up even with all of her difficulties.“She just kept plugging away,”
Rollerson said.
1.What was Janet Fein's last work before she retired?
A.A teacher. B.A secretary.
C.A nurse. D.A doctor.
2.What did Janet Fein want to do most after earning an associate degree?
A.Get a bachelor's degree.
B.Keep fit by taking exercise.
C.Read all kinds of books.
D.Find a job at the hospital.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Life should be full of adventures.
B.People should have their own views.
C.Further study benefits the old's health.
D.Healthy lifestyle is just to keep active.
4.What do you think of Janet Fein?
A.Honest. B.Determined.
C.Generous. D.Kind.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位84岁的老人实现自己人生目标的故事。
她的目标是获得大学学士学位。
1.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在Janet Fein退休之前,她最后的工作是什么?根据文章第
一段中的 She has raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she
retired at age 77.(她养育了5个孩子,直到77岁退休一直从事秘书工作)可知,她在退休前是
一名秘书。故选B项。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:当Janet Fein获得了副学士学位后最想做什么?根据第二
段倒数第二句But Fein also wanted to earn a bachelor's degree “with all my heart”.(但
Fein也“全心全意地”想要获得学士学位)可知,获得副学士学位后,Fein最想要获得一个学
士学位。故选A项。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第三段可以推断出什么?根据第三段尤其是第一句
Health experts say continuing with education later in life is one way to keep fit.(健康专
家说,晚年继续接受教育是保持健康的一种方法)可知,继续学习有益于老年人的健康。故选
C项。
4.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:你认为 Janet Fein 怎样?根据最后一段最后两句 Her
college advisor Sheila Rollerson said Fein never showed signs of giving up even with all
of her difficulties.“She just kept plugging away,”Rollerson said.(她的大学指导老师Sheila
Rollerson说Fein从来没有表现出放弃的迹象,即使面对她所有的困难。Rollerson说:“她就
是坚持不懈。”)可知,Janet Fein是一个意志坚定的人。故选B项。
高级词块 1.have a career as做……工作 2.with all one's heart彻底地,全心全意地
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Passage 3
My grandson Jason was nowhere to be seen—normal behavior for a ten-year-old. I
sat down on a chair and noticed the ladder(梯子)lying on the ground under the big tree
beside the driveway. It didn't take Sherlock Holmes to figure out Jason was up in that
tree and had accidentally kicked the ladder away. He wasn't about to come down, and he
wouldn't let me know he was trapped. I could put up the ladder and rescue him, but then
I recalled an event in my youth that I now, more than 50 years later, suddenly
understood.
Raymond Cutting was a white-haired gentleman, who entered my life when I was
Jason's age. My parents said I was free to wander around the village except for the
abandoned quarry(采石场)at the foot of a local mountain, but it was an interesting place:
full of milky green water and rusty machinery hiding in the bushes. One afternoon I went
there with some older boys, who later abandoned me when the sun was low. I tried for
an hour to find my way, climbing over fallen trees but got caught in the bushes.
Panicked, I cried.
Stopping to catch my breath, I heard someone whistle(吹口哨). “Hello,”said
Cutting. “Out for a walk?” I nodded, “I've just been out exploring the old quarry, but
I've got to get home now.” “If you'd wait a minute, I'll walk back to town with you
after I finish this willow whistle.”
So we walked back down the path together, and the willow whistle was mine,
sounding loud and clear. It suddenly dawned on me what an unusual act of kindness that
was—Mr. Cutting had heard me crying, but he didn't play the role of a rescuer. Instead,
he whistled so that I could find him.
I got up from the chair and drove my truck right under the big tree, where Jason
was. I picked up the ladder and carried it around to the back of the house. When I
returned, Jason was sitting in my chair.
“Where have you been?” I asked.
“Exploring,”Jason said. “I am a Cub Scout, you know.”
“Yes,”I smiled and said, “I know.”
1.What do we know about the ten-year-old author and Jason?
A.Neither of them admitted being trapped.
B.Neither of them were fond of exploring.
C.They both got stuck in the woods.
D.They both cried out for help.
2.What was Mr. Cutting's kind act to the author?
A.He offered to walk the author home.
B.He helped the author without hurting his pride.
C.He punished the boys who left the author behind.
D.He gave the author his handmade willow whistle.
3.How did the author help his grandson get down the tree?
A.He placed his chair by the tree.
B.He parked the truck under the tree.
C.He put the ladder up against the tree.
D.He climbed onto the tree to catch him.
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4.What can we learn from the story?
A.Like father, like son.
B.Once bitten, twice shy.
C.God help those who help themselves.
D.Have consideration for others while offering help.
答案
[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与社会。作者的孙子喜欢探索,被困到了树上,
但羞于承认。由此作者联想到自己小时候也喜欢探索,一次被困后别人并没有直接戳穿他被
困的事实而是采用委婉的方式让他脱困,作者对孙子也采用了同样的方法去解救他。
1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:关于10岁的作者和贾森我们知道什么?根据文章第一段中
“He wasn't about to come down, and he wouldn't let me know he was trapped. I could
put up the ladder and rescue him, but then I recalled an event in my youth that I now,
more than 50 years later, suddenly understood.”(他不打算下来,也不让我知道他被困住了。
我可以搭起梯子救他,但后来我想起了我年轻时的一件事,50多年后的今天,我突然明白了)可
知,作者小时候也有类似的经历,即被困住了也不想承认,故选A项。
2.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:Cutting先生对作者做了什么暖心事?根据文章第三段(我
停下来喘口气时,听到有人在吹口哨。“你好,”Cutting说。“出来散步吗?”我点了点头:
“我刚才去探访了老采石场,但我现在得回家了。”“如果你愿等一会儿,我完成这支柳笛后
就和你一起走回城里去。”)可知:Cutting在不伤害作者自尊心的情况下帮助了作者。故选
B项。
3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者是如何帮助孙子从树上下来的?根据倒数第四段(我从
椅子上站起来,把我的卡车开到那棵大树下,贾森就在那里。我拿起梯子,扛着它绕到房子的
后面。当我回来时,贾森正坐在我的椅子上。)可知,作者把卡车开到树下帮助孙子下来,故选
B项。
4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从故事中我们可以学到什么?文章的主要内容:作者的孙子
喜欢探索,被困到了树上,但羞于承认,由此作者联想到自己小时候也喜欢探索,一次被困后别
人并没有直接戳穿他被困的事实而是采用委婉的方式让他脱困,作者对孙子也采用了同样的
方法。由此可推知:在帮助别人的同时还要保护别人的自尊心,真正为被困者着想。故答案为
D项。
高级词块 1.be nowhere to be seen不可能看见 2.wander around闲逛
Passage 4
If you asked me to dance, I'd probably freeze on the spot and some people say I
have two left feet! But with some persuasion and Dutch courage I can be tempted to take
to the dance floor and shake some moves—and that, apparently, is only natural.
Experts have found as well as being fun, dancing might have helped us to survive as
a species.Evolutionary anthropologist(人类学家) Bronwyn Tarr from the University of
Oxford believes that dancing alone is one thing but it's dancing as a group that makes
our brain reward us with a cocktail of feel-good hormones that change how we feel about
ourselves and those around us. This is likely to lead to profound social effects.It's keeping
pace with others that makes us happy. Bronwyn Tarr says that “dancing fosters social
closeness between people. It helps us build social connections and communities. In our
past, those social connections would have been critical to surviving.”
Dance is also a good way to keep fit and improve our mental health. In Wales there
have been calls for doctors to prescribe dance classes to people who are unwell. The Arts
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Council of Wales claims there are many health benefits. And Bronwyn Tarr says“more
and more we're actually discovering that your longevity(长寿)—your life expectancy—is
predicted by the social connections that you have...still today it's something we should do
more of.”
It could be part of being a conservative Englishman that makes me a reluctant
dancer. Look at other nationalities such as Cubans where dancing is at the heart of their
cultural identity. And in Brazil at Carnival time, people let their hair down by dancing
together day and night. They seem to be having a good time—so maybe I should get to
my feet and dance!
1.What does the author imply in the first paragraph?
A.He doesn't like dances.
B.He does not dance well.
C.He lacks confidence in dance.
D.He does everything out of nature.
2.What can be inferred from Tarr's words in Paragraph 2?
A.Dancing alone doesn't benefit us at all.
B.Dancing with others helps people survive.
C.It is funny to keep pace with other people.
D.It matters most to dance on social occasions.
3.How does the author feel about dancing in the last paragraph?
A.Positive. B.Negative.
C.Unclear. D.Objective.
4.Which is the best title for the text?
A.What makes you a real dancer?
B.What can dances bring us?
C.Why do people love to dance?
D.How can we dance well?
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。主题语境为人与社会。文章论述了跳舞给人们带来的好处。
1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:在第1段作者暗示了什么?根据该段尤其是第1句(要是你
让我跳舞,我可能当场就呆住了,有些人会说我笨手笨脚的)可知作者不擅长跳舞,故答案为B
项。
2.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第2段Tarr所说的话可以推断出什么?本段首句(专家们
发现,跳舞不仅有趣,还有助于我们作为一个物种而生存)为段落主题句,然后作者又引用
Bronwyn Tarr所说的话来支撑主题句,由此可从Tarr所说的话中推知:与别人跳舞有助于人们
生存。故答案为B项。A项(单独跳舞对我们一点好处都没有)、C项(与他人保持步调一致
很有趣)、D项(在社交场合跳舞很重要)三项在Tarr所说的话中没有暗示,故被排除。
3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:在最后一段作者对跳舞持什么观点?根据该段最后的
maybe I should get to my feet and dance(也许我应该站起来跳舞)可知作者对跳舞持积极
的(positive)态度,故答案为A项。B:消极的;C:不清晰的;D:客观的。
4.C 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的最佳题目是什么?本文旨在剖析“人们为什么喜欢
跳舞”及跳舞对种群生存的积极意义,故选择C项。
高级词块 1.have two left feet笨手笨脚 2.Dutch courage酒后之勇 3.keep pace with...
与……步调一致
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Passage 5
A music talent show launched by Mango TV has caught the attention of domestic
TV channel viewers recently. This entertainment program, whose Chinese name translates
to“Sisters Who Brave Winds and Waves”, invited 30 established actresses in their
thirties, put them up in an apartment where they competed against each other and then
selected five among them to form a new star group.
While young hopefuls are commonly considered to be the protagonists of the music
talent show,“Sisters Who Brave Winds and Waves”turns out to be an outlier. Apart
from showcasing female stars' musical talent, this show tries to deliver a positive message
that age should not be the barrier for female entertainers to chase their dreams. The
reality that most female entertainers have a short“shelf life”needs to be changed.
Attracted by the unique theme of Mango TV's new show, many Chinese viewers
were desperate for the show's debut. The first episode aired last week received 10 million
views within the first 20 minutes. Following the initial success, Mango Excellent Media's
stock rose by nearly 9% on Friday and another 7% on Monday. The company's market
value has now surpassed 100 billion yuan ($14 billion).
The value of this show was not only recognized by the market, but also the majority
of Chinese viewers. Many netizens made good comments on the new show as it
encouraged them to explore their inner potential no matter how old they are. One wrote,
“Of course, young stars in their late teens and early 20s are beautiful. But I feel more
impressed by these celebrities over the age of 30.”She went on to say that their
confidence and ambition make them shine, and that age is just a number.
The Mango TV's new show comes as a welcome relief, which demonstrates that
charm and ambition are not limited to the young age. In fact, such age equality should
extend to all professions to ensure that people with all ages could be treated equally in
pursuit of their career goals.
1.What does the underlined word “outlier” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.surprise B.success
C.failure D.exception
2.How did the entertainment market react after Mango TV's new show was released?
A.The company's market value has now exceeded 14 billion dollars.
B.Mango Excellent Media's stock rose by nearly 16% over the weekend.
C.Nearly 10 million viewers watched the first episode within the first hour.
D.The debut of the new show did not affect the company's market value.
3.What do we know from the netizen's comment on the newly released show?
A.She thinks young celebrities are not attractive to the audience.
B.She holds the view that Mango TV's new show is conventional.
C.She believes charm can make the celebrities shine no matter how old they are.
D.She complains about age discrimination in the entertainment industry.
4.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A.He/She aims to pursue gender equality.
B.He/She protests against age discrimination.
C.He/She is a fan of musical shows.
D.He/She dreams about being an actor/actress.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文是时文报道。主题语境为人与社会。芒果电视台推出的一档女团成长综
艺节日《乘风破浪的姐姐》引起了国内电视观众的关注。
1.D 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第2段中画线词“outlier” 是什么意思?画线词所在句子
中的“while”被置于句首,相当于“although”,因此本题可根据逻辑关系猜测画线词的意思。
根据该句的意义(虽然年轻有为的选手通常被认为是音乐选秀节目的主角,但《乘风破浪的姐
姐》被证明是……)可推知画线词意为:例外。故答案为D项。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:芒果电视台的新节目发行后,娱乐市场有何反应?根据第3
段最后一句“The company's market value has now surpassed 100 billion yuan ($14
billion).”可知答案为A项。根据第3段内容可知B项中的“over the weekend”、C项中
的“the first hour”、D项中的“did not”存在错误,故全被排除。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从网民对新发行的节目的评论,我们知道什么?根据倒数第
2段中网民的评论尤其是最后一句(她接着说,她们的自信和抱负让她们光彩照人,而年龄只是
一个数字)再结合本段第2句(许多网民对这个新节目评价很好,因为它鼓励人们无论多大年
纪都要发掘自己的内在潜能)可知答案为C项(她认为无论年龄多大,魅力都能让名人光彩照
人)。
4.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文章中我们能推断出有关作者的什么信息?根据第2段
的最后两句(除了展示女明星的音乐才华,这个节目还试图传递一个积极的信息,那就是年龄
不应该成为女艺人追逐梦想的障碍。大多数女艺人的“保质期”都很短,这一现实需要改变)
及最后一段中(这表明并不是只有年轻人才有魅力和雄心。事实上,年龄平等应该延伸到所有
职业,以确保所有年龄的人在追求其职业目标时都能得到平等对待)可知答案为B项(他/她反
对年龄歧视)。
高级词块 1.catch the attention of引起……的注意 2.deliver a positive message传递积极
信息 3.explore their inner potential发掘内在潜能
Passage 6
Do you love food? Whether you're a foodie or someone who just likes eating, there
is so much to choose from. We know that too much of the wrong kind of food can be
bad for our health, but for some people having a food allergy means eating certain things
can actually be harmful—and now, it seems, this is affecting more and more of us.
An allergy is caused by the immune system fighting substances in the environment,
known as allergens(过敏原), which should be seen as harmless. Food allergies can cause
life-threatening reactions, which means people have to spend their lives following strict
dietary restrictions and worrying about the ingredients of everything they consume. Allergy
specialist Dr Adam Fox says, “If you look back over, say, 30 or 40 years, there are
much more allergic problems around now than there were.”
We often hear about people having allergies to dairy products and to peanuts. Last
year a young girl died after suffering a deadly allergic reaction from eating a baguette
containing sesame seeds. This led to a call for better food-labelling laws.
Research has found that this problem is particularly affecting children. More and
more of them are having allergic reactions to certain foodstuffs. Dr Alexandra Santos from
King's College London says “the food allergy now affects about 7 percent of children in
the UK and 9 percent of those in Australia. Across Europe, 2 percent of adults have food
allergies”.
So what might be the cause? Dr Santos says the increase in allergies is not simply
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the effect of society becoming more aware of them and better at diagnosing them; it
seems to be more environmental. She says possible factors are pollution, dietary changes
and less exposure to microbes (微生物), which change how our immune systems respond.
A lot of work is being done to try and find a cure, but that's not easy. So for now
allergy sufferers must watch what they eat and they must rely on clear and accurate
labelling.
1.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Having an imbalanced diet.
B.Being allergic to some certain food.
C.Consuming too much of harmful food.
D.Fighting substances in the environment.
2.Which of the following writing skills is NOT used in paragraphs 2 & 3?
A.Giving a definition.
B.Making a comparison.
C.Offering an example.
D.Presenting specific data.
3.What can we infer from the text?
A.Dairy products are to blame for most food allergies.
B.Kids don't suffer from food allergies as much as adults.
C.Allergies unknown in the past may be diagnosed now.
D.More exposure to microbes can reduce food allergies.
4.What's a practical suggestion for allergy sufferers?
A.Never try new food.
B.Make efforts to find a cure.
C.Have a balanced diet.
D.Read labels before eating.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。研究表明,
似乎越来越多的人对不同类型的食物产生了过敏反应,究竟有哪些原因导致了这一现象呢?
1.B 猜测词义题。根据第一段中的 for some people having a food allergy means eating
certain things can actually be harmful可知,this指代的是人们对某种食物过敏,故选B项。
2.D 推理判断题。第二段第一句使用了下定义的写作方法,第二段最后一句进行比较;第三
段第二句使用了举例子的写作方法。但是没有段落提供具体的数据信息,故选D项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的Dr Santos says the increase in allergies is not simply
the effect of society becoming more aware of them and better at diagnosing them可知,现
在人们对过敏反应意识更强,过敏反应也能够被更好地诊断出来,故选C项。
4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的So for now allergy sufferers must watch what they
eat and they must rely on clear and accurate labelling.可知,现在过敏患者必须注意他们吃
的东西,必须依靠清晰准确的食物标签。故选D项。
Passage 7
Dear Mr. Whitacre,
I fell in love with a “flying Dutchman”, literally. In the summer of 2011, I moved
to the Netherlands not knowing anyone except my husband, not knowing how to speak
the language, and leaving behind my friends, family, and everything I knew that
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represented me. But as they say, “Love is blind.”
In the beginning, I spent many months “alone in my head”. My mother-in-law
didn't speak English (or Italian). This, however, didn't stop her from trying to
communicate with me. At first, sounds of vague meanings coupled with hand gestures
were our way of having a conversation.
It wasn't until I discovered she was a choral(合唱的)director for a women's group in
the community that we then began communicating on a whole different level. From my
early days in school, I was always part of a school choir for over a decade.
We shared a love of music! Dien (my mother-in-law's name) taught me many
beautiful Dutch songs. I sang in her choir throughout the years that followed. And then
by chance, I came across a TED-Talk featuring you, Mr. Whitacre, discussing your music
and the virtual(虚拟合唱团)choir. Within minutes, I researched when the next project
would start and to my surprise, it was Virtual Choir 4 “Fly to Paradise”. I couldn't
wait to tell my mother-in-law!
The next 2 weeks we spent practicing our parts and perfecting our video submissions.
It was pure joy for us. Something we shared a love for, encouraging each other, spending
hours together, and making a permanent bond as a mother and daughter-in-law.
Music has always been a part of my life. Its significance is greater than anything
most people are aware of. Our participation in your virtual choir is one I will never
forget. I am grateful for you, your music, and its ability to connect us all.
1.Which of the following best describes the author's mother-in-law?
A.Talkative and humorous.
B.Active and caring.
C.Strict and determined.
D.Quiet and considerate.
2.What can we learn about the author from the text?
A.She felt regretful about her marriage at the beginning.
B.She tried to avoid speaking to Dien due to the language barrier.
C.She decided to join the virtual choir with Dien's suggestions.
D.She developed a closer family bond by joining the virtual choir.
3.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To give encouragement.
B.To offer help.
C.To express thanks.
D.To introduce a choir.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活。文章主要讲
述作者初到荷兰时语言不通,但是热心的婆婆教会她很多荷兰歌曲,她们共同参加Whitacre先
生的虚拟合唱团,形成了一个永久的亲密的家庭关系,作者写信向他表达谢意。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段可知,作者的婆婆尽可能想办法同作者交流,并且
教会作者很多歌曲,故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Something we shared a love for, encouraging each
other, spending hours together, and making a permanent bond as a mother and daughter-
in-law.可知,通过加入虚拟合唱团作者和她的婆婆关系更亲密了。故选D。
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3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中的I am grateful for you, your music, and its ability
to connect us all.可知,通过参加Whitacre先生的虚拟合唱团,作者和她的婆婆关系更亲密了,
所以作者写这篇文章是向他表达感谢,故选C。
Passage 8
Buying sunglasses can leave anyone puzzled by choice. But Bose may have stuck the
landing in the style department with its new Bose Frames, designed to pump music
directly into your ears and work with apps to deliver walking instructions and more.
Bose Frames look better than most smart glasses already around. The Frames are
black, with gold accents on the power button. Those thick arms look like a pair of
designer sunglasses you'd get from some pop shops guaranteed to be out of business in a
year. More than one person commented on the Frames while I wore them around town,
and two of my co-workers thought they looked surprisingly cool. And that was before
they knew about the built-in speakers.
The Frames sound as great as they look, at least when you compare them to the
headphones that came with your smart phones. In each of the Frames' arms is a mini
speaker pumping music directly at your ears. On the outside of each arm is another
speaker designed to cancel out what the inside one is playing. The end result: music you
can hear, and silence anybody nearby can appreciate. Mostly.
Of course, you shouldn't wear these indoors or in a quiet environment, like a library.
Bose Frames are essentially wearable speakers, meaning they leak sound, so people nearby
can still hear something.
Bose Frames are not for everyone, nor are they great for every situation—sometimes,
regular old headphones are more socially appropriate. But once you get over the
astonishment that you're wearing a pair of glasses with built-in speakers, you might find
them becoming a seasonal addition to you. If you're in the market for sunglasses, and are
willing to drop two hundred dollars on a pair, Bose Frames are a solid option for every
fashion-forward futurist.
1.What impressed the author's colleagues at first about Bose Frames?
A.The low price.
B.The good look.
C.The limited edition.
D.The mini speakers.
2.What are the outside speakers of Bose Frames used for?
A.Avoiding leaking any sound.
B.Connecting to smartphones.
C.Pumping music directly into ears.
D.Decreasing disturbance of people around.
3.For what purpose does the author write the text?
A.To give tips on how to choose suitable sunglasses.
B.To compare traditional and high-tech sunglasses.
C.To introduce the newly designed Bose sunglasses.
D.To share the experience of wearing Bose sunglasses.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展与信息技术创
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新。文章主要介绍了新设计的Bose太阳镜。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 More than one person commented on the Frames
while I wore them around town, and two of my co-workers thought they looked
surprisingly cool可知,作者的同事一开始对这款眼镜的外表印象深刻。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可知,每只眼镜腿的外侧都有另一个扬声器,用来
抵消里面的声音。最终的结果是:你能听到音乐,周围的人也能享受到寂静。所以,外部扬声
器帮助减轻对周围的人的干扰。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。这篇文章介绍了新款太阳镜Bose Frames,包括它的外观、功能、使用场
合等。所以,作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍新款的Bose太阳镜。故选C。
Passage 9
My mother didn't set out to be a civil rights activist. In fact, she had no intention of
becoming a pioneer of any sort. But because of the kind of person she was, and the
times she lived through, she turned out to be both. She gave a whole group of black
Alabama girls opportunities they otherwise wouldn't have had, and became a role model
for all of us.
In 1941 she bought an old Victorian house to operate as a preschool. The huge,
sunny rooms and breezy porches also served as a meeting place for my mother's first Girl
Scout troop.
Though this may seem a small thing now, at the time it was a watershed (分水岭)
event. Racism was a fact of life in the 1940s, and African American girls were barred
from joining white troops. My mother, who was only five feet tall but could beat you on
a fast-paced hike, decided it was time for a change. Her troop was the first for African
Americans in Alabama. When Mama saw a need, she filled it.
In 1950, the Girl Scouts sent a group of women— all of them white— from
headquarters in New York to help my mother with an overnight training camp. The
women met in a wilderness area outside Birmingham where, unknown to them, the Ku
Klux Klan(三 K 党) was active. It never occurred to the women, black and white, that
they were violating the rules of segregation by camping together. That night, my mother
awoke to the sound of men's voices. She stole out of her tent and saw them, dressed in
their horrible uniforms. They offered what must have been a terrifying warning: Be gone
by sunrise.
She never shared this story with me; people protected their children from some of
the uglier sides of racism. But I over-heard my parents talking about it later that night
and I realized there was something remarkable about Mama. I felt an obligation to give
back, to seek solutions and create opportunities as she did.
“It's not something you choose to do; it's just something you do,” she would say.
And what I've found is this. In giving to others, you get as much as you give.
1.What made the author's mother an advocate for civil rights?
A.Her passion and educational background.
B.Her race and financial condition.
C.Her personality and social background.
D.Her occupation and religious belief.
2.Why does the author mention her mother's height in the third paragraph?
A.To indicate her deeply-rooted sympathy for her mother.
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B.To emphasize her mother's surprising strength.
C.To illustrate what a role model should look like.
D.To show her mother differs from average black women.
3.What does the author think of her mother's meeting with the Ku Klux Klan?
A.It proves to be dangerous and unworthy.
B.It reveals the danger of racism.
C.It violates the rules of segregation.
D.It inspires her to be brave and caring.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为优秀品行,正确的人生态
度,公民义务与社会责任。文章讲述了作者的母亲成为民权倡导者并影响着作者和大家的故
事。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 But because of the kind of person she was, and the
times she lived through, she turned out to be both.可知,是母亲的性格以及社会背景使她成
为一个民权的倡导者。故选C。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的My mother, who was only five feet tall but could beat
you on a fast-paced hike, decided it was time for a change.可知,母亲虽然身体不高大,力
量却很强大。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。第四段讲述了母亲遇到三K党的事,第五段接着说她从来没有跟我讲过
这件事。但那天晚上,我无意中听到我父母谈论这件事,我意识到妈妈有什么特别之处。我觉
得自己有义务回馈社会,像她一样寻求解决方案,创造机会。由此可知,作者觉得这件事能够
激励她变得勇敢和关心他人。故选D。
Passage 10
Like any language, English has many variations(变形)in vocabulary, spelling and
pronunciation. The differences can be regional or even exist within the same city! As a
Canadian who lives in Vancouver, I have always known these differences, but I didn't get
to experience them firsthand until I began attending an American university.
I found that there are some Canadian words that people in the US just don't
understand like “tuque”, which is a warm, knitted hat. My friends tease me every time
I use the “washroom”, as the word isn't used in the US—“bathroom”, “toilet” and
“restroom”are often used instead. In a similar way, when I asked my friend what marks
he got on his test, he gave me a confused look. People in the US only say “grades”.
Though certain Canadian expressions sound very different from our North American
neighbor, they share the same original language because both served as colonies(殖民地)of
the former British Empire. This cultural heritage survives through speech and language.
Unlike American English, most Canadian spellings are similar to the British words. In
the US, words like “harbour” and “colour” are spelled without the “u”. Even so,
some words changed in Canada, like “aluminum”. British people spell and pronounce
this word as “aluminium”.
As a result, Canadian English has developed an identity of its own. For example, we
cannot forget the most important word in Canadian English: sorry. While it isn't really the
most important word, Canadians have a reputation for being polite and friendly. I, for one,
want to preserve that reputation and honor my Canadian roots, even while I'm in the
United States.
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“Language brings with it an identity and a culture,” wrote South African comedian
Trevor Noah in his book, Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood. “A
language barrier says ‘We're different’. A shared language says ‘We're the same’.”
1.Why might Americans fail to understand Canadians sometimes?
A.Canadian English is more challenging.
B.There exist differences in the two languages.
C.Canada is less strongly influenced by the former British Empire.
D.Canadians attach more importance to being polite and friendly.
2.Which of the following can most likely be a Canadian expression?
A.Excuse me, where's the bathroom?
B.The girl student got good grades on her exams.
C.I'm sorry that he laboured all day in the harbour.
D.The window of the toilet is made of aluminium.
3.As a Canadian, the writer .
A.never sees the difference between different kinds of English
B.is always looked down upon by his friends in the US
C.found great difficulty adapting to university life in the US
D.does not want to lose his identity as a Canadian
4.We can learn from the text that .
A.language is an important carrier of culture
B.most of the languages have the same origin
C.one culture's meat is another culture's poison
D.honesty is the key to crossing the language barrier
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为跨文化沟通。文章主要
介绍了加拿大英语的独具一格,说明了语言定义了一个国家的身份。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知,美国人有时听不懂加拿大人的话是因为
这两种语言存在差异。故选B。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知,bathroom、grades和toilet是美国的表达,选项A、
B、D错误。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的I, for one, want to preserve that reputation
and honor my Canadian roots, even while I'm in the United States.可知,作者作为加拿大人,
不想失去加拿大人的特征。故选D。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章整体尤其是第三段中的This cultural heritage survives through
speech and language.和最后一段中的Language brings with it an identity and a culture可
推断,语言是文化的重要载体。故选A。
Passage 11
When Jack Andraka was 15 years old, he created a new diagnostic(诊断的)test for
pancreatic cancer(胰腺癌). Jack's test is 28 times faster, 26,000 times less expensive and
over 100 times more sensitive than the current diagnostic tests. His test earned him first
prize at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair, which is like the Olympics
of science fairs.
It was after a close family friend died of pancreatic cancer that Jack Andraka became
interested in finding a better early-detection diagnostic test. Jack said the solution came to
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him during his high school biology class. He was secretly reading an article about
nanotubes(纳米管)while the teacher was talking about antibodies. Jack said the two ideas
came together in his head, and he thought he could combine what the teacher was saying
with what he knew about nanotubes to create an early detection test for pancreatic cancer.
Jack Andraka used what he found through Google searches and free online science
journals to develop a plan and a budget. Jack contacted about 200 people including
researchers at Johns Hopkins University and the National Institutes of Health with a
proposal to work in their labs. He got 199 rejections before he finally got an acceptance
from Dr. Anirban Maitra, Professor of Oncology (肿瘤学) at Johns Hopkins School of
Medicine. Jack worked after school every day, on weekends and over holidays at Maitra's
lab until he developed his test.
So, think about Jack Andraka next time you hear that something can't be done. Or, if
you receive numerous rejections (close to 200 in Jack Andraka's case) or you're simply
hesitating to give one of your ideas a shot. Also, keep in mind that you don't necessarily
need a giant team, billions of dollars in resources or even more than 15 years of life
experience to do something amazing.
1.Why did Jack decide to work on the diagnostic test?
A.The existing test was not widely used.
B.He wanted to win a prize in a science fair.
C.A family friend died of pancreatic cancer.
D.He got inspired in his high school biology class.
2.How did Jack work out the test?
A.By cooperating with Google.
B.By doing experiments in the lab.
C.By conducting researches online.
D.By contacting about 200 people.
3.In which section of a newspaper can this article appear?
A.Life Style & Trends
B.Hospitals & ICUs
C.Inspirational Stories
D.Interesting Discoveries
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学精神。文章讲述了
15岁的Jack Andraka发明了一种新的胰腺癌诊断测试方法。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 It was after a close family friend...early-detection
diagnostic test.可知,杰克决定做诊断测试,是因为家族的一位朋友死于胰腺癌。故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 Jack worked after school...at Maitra's lab until he
developed his test.可知,杰克通过在实验室里做实验开发出了自己的测试方法。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。结合文章的主要内容可知,Jack被拒绝了很多次,他不断尝试,最后取得成
功。由此可知,这篇文章可以在报纸的“鼓舞人心的故事”版面刊登。故选C。
Passage 12
When you go on a cruise (游船度假), you usually think you are leaving solid ground
behind, but the Celebrity Solstice brings a whole new experience to its passengers. Aboard
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the 317m-long ship is a half-acre lawn(草坪). The Celebrity Solstice is the first cruise
ship ever to house live grass.
Nikolas Asproudas, the ship's environmental officer told New Zealand News, “It was
a crazy idea to start with.” For five years, they have been saying that this lawn is the
most walked lawn in the world. It's a symbol of honor, particularly because the lawn on
the top deck of the ship has special challenges with growth at sea, including “burns”
from the salt water, which must be washed off immediately and clearance checks before
the ship can pull in to shore.
The lawn is grown in silica (二氧化硅) sand rather than soil, which not only reduces
weight, helping the ship's stability, but also agrees with restrictions and helps control pests
that may otherwise stay on the grass.
Asproudas sends the Captain of the ship a weekly report on the status of the lawn.
“We know that the Australian and New Zealand authorities are very strict with the grass,
and of course, they have to check before we come if everything's OK,” said the Captain.
The lawn is a source of pride for Asproudas, so when there are problems with it, he
says, “It brings me some sad feelings, but I need to be strong, because I know that it
will recover within one week.” All of the crew's hard work to maintain the
“backyard” is appreciated by its many guests, including some that say the Celebrity
Solstice's lawn is better than theirs at home.
Though the option of walking barefoot through a grassy field on a moving cruise
ship seems terrific, there are many other ships that are trying to outdo one another with
even more surprising guest options.
1.What is a special challenge that the lawn faces?
A.Bad weather. B.Salt water.
C.Rare soil. D.Strict restrictions.
2.What might be talked about if the passage is continued?
A.Efforts to maintain the lawn.
B.Other comments on the cruise.
C.Guest choices on some other cruises.
D.The crew members of the cruise.
3.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.The Advantages of a Cruise Ship.
B.A Cruise Ship that Has a Backyard.
C.The Building of a Special Cruise Ship.
D.A Cruise Ship that Protects the Environment.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。文章讲述
了在一艘游船的甲板上首次用二氧化硅沙子种草。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的including “burns” from the salt water可知,船上
的草坪面临一些特殊的挑战,其中包括来自海水的灼伤。故选B。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,尽管在船上的草坪里赤脚走路的体验很棒,但有
许多其他的船只也在试图为顾客提供更惊人的选择。因此,接下来应该谈论其他游船会提供
什么样的“选择”。故选C。
3.B 主旨要义题。根据全文结构可知,第一段提出话题: Celebrity Solstice成为第一艘在船
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上种草的游船;接着具体写在游船上种草面临的困难等,最后提到游客对这一做法的评价及其
他游船的反应。因此,整篇文章就是在写一个带有“后院”的游船。故选B。
Passage 13
At age 22, Hikari Oberman has already been a lifeguard for four years.Last week,
Oberman talked to The Garden Island about how he helped save lives during a recent
rescue.
On Dec. 30, Oberman and his coworker Cope were parked in their truck at Anini
Beach when two workers ran up to them and said, “I think someone's getting stuck in
the channel!”
“I grab our equipment. We start rolling out down there,” Oberman said.
When he got out there, Oberman found a stand-up paddler, a man in his late 30s,
struggling against the current, with an elderly man holding tightly to the back of the
paddleboard (冲浪板).
He said, “My coworker grab the stand-up guy.Meanwhile, I'm stuck with the older
man.”
Normally, Oberman said he would pull the paddler up, lay him on the surfboard,
climb up behind and paddle from there.He tried that technique at first and quickly
realized it was not a practicable option. They were not going anywhere .
Waves hit against the extremely sharp reef very hard about 30 yards behind them,
and the current was pulling them into it.
“It's right behind us.If I stop paddling, we're definitely going to be in that zone,”
he said.
They started making progress toward the reef, where they might safely be able to
climb out.Oberman just focused on forward movement.
After about five minutes—“even though it felt longer”—Oberman said his partner
had gotten the paddleboarder safely to shore and started coming back out to help.
“I look back, and I see our jet ski.He's finally coming in the channel.We're not
going to have to worry about that now.”
It was a good rescue.
When asked what it feels like to save someone's life, Oberman responded, “I love
it! That's why we do it!” But as exciting as it might be to perform a big rescue, he
explained that the most important part of his job is to keep people from getting into
trouble in the first place.
1.How did Hikari Oberman react to the two workers' cry for help?
A.He dragged the two workers to his truck.
B.He rolled the equipment to the channel.
C.He called his coworker to run to the beach.
D.He made his way to the channel without delay.
2.What does the underlined part “They were not going anywhere.” in Paragraph 6
probably mean?
A.They were unwilling to go anywhere.
B.They were waiting others for help.
C.They were being pulled by the current.
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D.They were going to give up.
3.What did the author want to show by mentioning the waves?
A.It was the perfect time to surf.
B.The reef was so hard to damage.
C.The situation was extremely serious.
D.The paddlers were pushed forward.
4.Which of the following things contributed more to the rescue?
A.The jet ski. B.The current.
C.The paddleboard. D.The truck.
5.What is the author's attitude towards his job?
A.Skeptical. B.Tolerate.
C.Approving. D.Frightened.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为公民义务与社会责
任。本文讲述了一位海岸救生员和同事一起搭救两名遇险的冲浪爱好者的故事。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的I grab our equipment.We start rolling out down there.
可知选D。
2.C 猜测词义题。根据第七段Waves hit against the extremely sharp reef very hard about
30 yards behind them, and the current was pulling them into it.(海浪猛烈地冲击着他们身
后约30码处极其尖锐的礁石,水流正把他们推进去。)可知他们两人被潮流困住,动不了了,故
选C。
3.C 推理判断题。作者在第七段里提到了waves,主要目的是描述当时的危急情况,故选C。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段中的I look back, and I see our jet ski.He's finally
coming in the channel.(我回头一看,看到了我们的水上摩托艇。他终于进入了海峡。)可知
水上摩托艇的到来终于化解了最后一名冲浪者的危机,故选A。
5.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句 When asked what it feels like to save
someone's life, Oberman responded, “I love it! That's why we do it!”可知选C(赞许的)。
难句分析 原句:When he got out there, Oberman found a stand-up paddler, a man in his
late 30s, struggling against the current, with an elderly man holding tightly to the back of
the paddleboard.
分析:本句中when引导时间状语从句,struggling against the current为found的宾语补足
语,后面的with短语为伴随状语。
译文:当Oberman到达那里时,他发现了一个站立的冲浪者,一个将近40岁的男人,正在与
浪潮斗争,还有一个老人紧紧地抓着冲浪板的后部。
Passage 14
We often say that intelligence means being able to solve problems.Some animals
seem able to do this.For example, dogs and cats often find their way home from long
distances.To do this they have to use their intelligence.They have to remember and
think.But many birds find their way over long distances, too.They travel thousands of
miles every year when they move from cold to warm countries.We do not know how
they do this but we know that they do not use their intelligence.They do not remember
places and directions and then make decisions.Young birds are able to make these
journeys without help as soon as they can fly.They are born with this ability.This is not
intelligence.We call this “instinct”.
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Often we cannot be sure whether an animal is acting intelligently or
instinctively.When a dog hears a strange noise, it barks.This is instinct.It cannot stop itself
from doing this.It does not really know why it is doing this.But suppose a house is on
fire and the dog barks outside its master's bedroom until he wakes up.Is the dog using its
intelligence? Is it solving the problem by waking its master or is it simply barking
instinctively because it is afraid? Often we cannot be sure.
Many animals, however, can be taught to solve problems, especially when they are
given rewards.Rats have been taught to touch a key to get food.Animals in circuses (马戏
团) have been taught to do all sorts of tricks to amuse the audience.In all these cases we
may say that an animal is using intelligence.It is saying, “If I do this, I will get a
reward.Therefore, I will do it.” This may be thought of as a low kind of intelligence.
1.To find their way home from long distances, cats and dogs have to .
A.use their instinct
B.use their intelligence
C.travel thousands of miles
D.get enough food
2.Birds don't have intelligence because .
A.they cannot find their way home
B.they don't remember places and directions and then make decisions
C.young birds are able to fly
D.they cannot bear cold weather
3.We say a dog is not using its intelligence when barking at a strange noise because
.
A.it cannot control itself
B.it knows how to bark when it has grown up
C.we are not sure of it
D.it stops people from getting into a house
4.Animals in circuses do all sorts of tricks to amuse the audience because .
A.they know how to speak
B.they like to do so
C.they know they will be rewarded
D.they are afraid of human beings
5.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A.We are not sure whether birds use their instinct when they fly long distances.
B.Even young birds can travel long distances.
C.Animals know how to solve a problem if you teach them.
D.A rat is showing a low kind of intelligence when it touches a key to get food.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。本文探
讨了动物的智力与本能的区别。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的To do this they have to use their intelligence.(要做到
这一点,它们必须运用它们的智慧。)可知选B。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的They do not remember places and directions and then
make decisions.可知选B。
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3.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,狗听到奇怪的声音就叫,这是本能,它无法控制自己。故
选A。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句 Many animals, however, can be taught to solve
problems, especially when they are given rewards.可知选C。
5.A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后几句话 Young birds are able to make these
journeys...This is not intelligence.We call this “instinct”.可知A是不正确的。
难句分析 原句:But suppose a house is on fire and the dog barks outside its master's
bedroom until he wakes up.
分析:suppose后接that引导的宾语从句,此处省略了that,until引导时间状语从句。
译文:但假设一所房子着火了,狗就在主人的卧室外叫,直到主人醒来。
Passage 15
The official opening of Beijing Daxing International Airport caps a long design and
building process.Designed by the late architect Zaha Hadid and her partners, the airport is
built for the future, having a terminal the size of 97 soccer grounds— as well as
customer-service robots that provide travelers with flight updates and airport information.
Called “starfish” by Chinese media for its shape of five concourses (大厅)
connected to a main hall, Daxing Airport aims to reduce the walking distance for
passengers.The airport authority has promised a distance of no more than 600 meters
(about eight minutes of walking) between security checkpoints and the remotest boarding
gate.
This new modern airport employs a special intelligent lighting system, supported by
eight big C-shaped columns that let in the sunlight, brightening the architecture and
structure.Therefore, it minimizes the need to use electric lighting.
To offer a more refreshing travel experience, five outdoor courtyards with the themes
“ Silk Garden” “ Tea Garden” “ Porcelain Garden” “ Countryside Garden” and
“Chinese Garden” feature at the end of the five departure lounges (等候室) for use by
passengers waiting for their flights.Travelers will be scanned on cameras using facial
recognition.Counters will be fully automated to capture face photos and relay them in each
part of the journey through the airport, including security and the departure gate.
China is projected to overtake the United States as the world's biggest air travel
market by 2022.The “ modest” initial operational target at Daxing Airport is to
accommodate 72 million passengers and 2 million tons of goods annually by 2025.The
ambitious master plan calls for the building of a total of seven runways, and moving at
least 100 million passengers and 4 million tons of goods a year through the airport.
1.Why is the airport in a starfish-shaped design?
A.To hold as many passengers as possible.
B.To make the main hall easier to be found.
C.To keep security checkpoints effective.
D.To make boarding gates within easy reach.
2.What can the airport's lighting system be described as?
A.High-end. B.Energy-saving.
C.Passenger-friendly. D.Strangely-formed.
3.What can be inferred about the five outdoor courtyards?
A.They reflect the Chinese tradition.
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B.They use popular techniques.
C.They promote Chinese goods to people.
D.They follow the latest world trend.
4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.The design and construction of Daxing Airport took a long time.
B.Zaha Hadid has passed away.
C.Passengers pass through the departure gate quickly.
D.China has now overtaken the United States to become the world's largest air travel
market.
5.What do the numbers in the last paragraph indicate?
A.The airport's market. B.The airport's project.
C.The airport's potential. D.The airport's facilities.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为建筑领域的代表性
作品。本文介绍了北京大兴国际机场的建筑特点及目标。
1.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中第一句Called “starfish” by Chinese media for its
shape of five concourses connected to a main hall, Daxing Airport aims to reduce the
walking distance for passengers.(大兴机场被中国媒体称为“海星”,因为它的形状是五个大
厅连接到一个主厅,旨在减少乘客的步行距离。)可知选D(让登机口近在咫尺)。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 Therefore, it minimizes the need to use electric
lighting.(因此,它最大限度地减少了使用电照明的需要。)可知大兴机场照明系统是节省能源
的设计,故选B项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中描述的五个室外庭院的名字可以推断出,它们反映了中国
传统文化,故选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句China is projected to overtake the United States as
the world's biggest air travel market by 2022.(预计到2022年,中国将超过美国,成为世界上
最大的航空旅行市场。)可知目前中国还未超越美国成为最大的航空旅行市场,故D为错误
表述。
5.C 推理判断题。最后一段描述了未来大兴机场要达到的目标,故选C(机场的潜力)。
难句分析 原句:This new modern airport employs a special intelligent lighting system,
supported by eight big C-shaped columns that let in the sunlight, brightening the
architecture and structure.
分析:这句话里 supported by...为过去分词短语作状语,that 引导定语从句,后面的
brightening the architecture and structure现在分词短语作状语。
译文:这座现代化的新机场采用了一种特殊的智能照明系统,由八根大C形柱子支撑,让
阳光照进机场,使建筑和内部结构更明亮。
Passage 16
Traffic lights, or traffic signals, are located on most major corners in cities and towns
around the world.The red, yellow and green lights let us know when it is safe to drive
through the intersection (十字路口) and when to walk across the street as well as when
to stop and let other drivers, bikers and pedestrians take their turns to continue on their
way.
Traffic jams were a problem even before the invention of the automobile.Horse-drawn
carriages and pedestrians crowded the roads of London in the 1860s.A British railway
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manager, John Peake Knight, suggested adapting a railroad method for controlling traffic.
Railroads used a semaphore (信号标) system with small arms extending from a pole
to indicate whether a train could pass or not.In Knight's adaptation, semaphores would
signal “stop” and “go” during the day, and at night red and green lights would be
used.Gas lamps would light up the sign at night. A police officer would be stationed next
to the signals to operate them.
The world's first traffic signal was installed on Dec.9, 1868, at the intersection of
Bridge Street and Great George Street in the London borough of Westminster, near the
Houses of Parliament and Westminster Bridge.It was a success and Knight predicted more
would be installed.
However, only one month later, a police officer controlling the signal was badly
injured when a leak in a gas main caused one of the lights to explode in his face.The
project was declared a public health hazard and immediately dropped.
Following the accident, about four decades passed before traffic signals began to grow
in popularity again, mainly in the United States as more automobiles hit the road.The
early 1900s saw several patents being filed, each with a different innovation to the basic
idea.
The first electric traffic light using red and green lights was invented in 1912 by
Lester Farnsworth Wire, a police officer in Salt Lake City, Utah.Wire's traffic signal
resembled a four-sided bird house mounted on a tall pole.It was placed in the middle of
an intersection and was powered by overhead trolley wires.A police officer had to
manually switch the direction of the lights.
1.What benefit do traffic lights bring to the world?
A.They let the pedestrians know how to cross the intersection.
B.They decorate most main corners in cities and towns around the world.
C.They help to solve the problem of traffic blocks.
D.They keep us safe by stopping drivers, bikers and pedestrians.
2.What can we learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A.Knight invented electric traffic lights to ease traffic jams.
B.A semaphore system contained small arms extending from a pole to guide trains.
C.Semaphores only worked during the day.
D.Knight's signal system required a policeman to guard it all day.
3.The purpose of the author mentioning the explosion of the first traffic signal is to
.
A.tell us the success of the first traffic signal
B.show the awkwardness of the first traffic signal
C.show how careless the police officer was
D.tell us Knight's determination
4.What is the main factor behind the rapid development of traffic signals?
A.The improvement of the traffic signals.
B.The emergence of large numbers of cars.
C.The accident caused by the traffic signals.
D.More automobile accidents on the road.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
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A.Who invented the traffic light?
B.A boom in traffic lights
C.History of traffic lights
D.The mystery of traffic lights
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。本文介
绍了交通信号灯的发展历史。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句The red, yellow and green lights let us know
when it is safe to drive through the intersection and...(红、黄、绿灯让我们知道什么时候
驶过十字路口是安全的……)可知选C(它们帮助解决交通阻塞的问题)。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Railroads used a semaphore system with small arms
extending from a pole to indicate whether a train could pass or not.(铁路公司使用一种信
号标系统,小手臂从杆子中伸出来指示火车是否可以通过。)可知选B。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第五段可知,在第一个信号灯出现爆炸事故后,信号灯系统就被立即
停用了。故选B(表明第一个交通信号灯的尴尬遭遇)。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第六段第一句Following the accident, about four decades passed
before traffic signals began to grow in popularity again, mainly in the United States as
more automobiles hit the road.(事故发生后,大约40年过去了,交通信号灯才开始再次流行起
来,主要是在美国,因为有更多的汽车上路了。)可知选B(大量汽车的出现)。
5.C 主旨要义题。这篇文章主要介绍了交通信号灯的历史,故选C。
难句分析 原句:However, only one month later, a police officer controlling the signal was
badly injured when a leak in a gas main caused one of the lights to explode in his face.
分析:controlling the signal是现在分词短语作后置定语,when引导时间状语从句。
译文:然而,仅仅一个月后,一名控制信号灯的警察就严重受伤,煤气总管道泄漏导致其中
一盏灯在他脸上爆炸。
Passage 17
It was late, about 10:15 p.m. Janice Esposito got off the train, went to her car and
started driving home.She was so familiar with the route that she almost drove
automatically:turned left to the Station Road, then another left onto Montauk Highway, and
then—bam! When Esposito's car had just crossed the railroad tracks, it hit another vehicle
and was pushed back onto the tracks.Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the
airbags that popped up, she was stuck in the vehicle.
As it happened, Pete Dipinto was just about to go to sleep when he heard a sharp
noise and saw the accident not far outside his bedroom window.As a volunteer firefighter
and retired teacher, Dipinto who was 65, fetched a flashlight and rushed out without
hesitation.“Any firefighter would have done what I did.We're always on duty,” he said.
At first, he spotted the other car in the accident.After making sure that the driver
was all right, Dipinto looked around and discovered Esposito's car straddling (跨立于) the
railway tracks.And then he heard the bell ring, which signaled a train's arrival.
Dipinto rushed to Esposito's car and broke the window on the driver's side.Esposito
looked up at him, with her eyes glazing over.“I don't know where I am,” she said.
“You're on the railroad tracks,” Dipinto yelled.“I have to get you off right now!”
The train was running toward them at a speed of some 105 kilometers per hour.The
driver's door cannot be opened due to the collision, so Dipinto quickly ran to the other
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side and managed to open the door.He put the airbags aside, seized her arms, pulled her
toward him across the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to safety as
swiftly as possible.Several seconds later, the train crashed into the vehicle.It was like a
Hollywood movie, Dipinto told reporters the next day.
“Last night,” said South Country Ambulance's Chief, “ the hero arrived in pajamas
( 睡衣 ) , no t in a fire truck .”
1.What can we know about the accident from Paragraph 1?
A.Esposito's car hit another vehicle.
B.Esposito drove too fast.
C.Esposito didn't know the route well.
D.A running train crashed into Esposito's car.
2.How was Janice Esposito right after the accident?
A.She felt all right.
B.She was badly hurt.
C.She got stuck in the car.
D.She completely lost her consciousness.
3.What does the underlined word “collision” mean in Paragraph 5?
A.Moving object crashes into something.
B.To be moving slowly in the same direction.
C.A strong disagreement between two groups.
D.An idea occurs when two different cultures conflict.
4.How was Janice Esposito rescued from her car?
A.Through the window on the driver's side.
B.Through the door on the driver's side.
C.Through the window on the passenger's side.
D.Through the door on the passenger's side.
5.What did the chief mean by “the hero arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck”?
A.Dipinto was not a professional firefighter.
B.Dipinto rushed to save life without thinking about himself.
C.Dipinto was a special firefighter who liked wearing pajamas.
D.Dipinto was unable to find a fire truck when the accident happened.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我。主题语境内容为优秀品行。本文
讲述了一位65岁的老爷爷在夜晚身穿睡衣解救因车祸被困于车中的一位女士,使其幸免于
难的故事。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句 When Esposito's car had just crossed the
railroad tracks, it hit another vehicle and was pushed back onto the tracks.(当埃斯波西托
的车刚刚穿过铁轨时,它撞上了另一辆车,并被推回到了铁轨上。)可知选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by
the airbags that popped up, she was stuck in the vehicle.(她受伤了,但主要是受到了撞击和
弹出的安全气囊的惊吓,被困在车里。)可知选C。
3.A 猜测词义题。 根据画线单词所在句判断:The driver's door cannot be opened due to
the collision...(司机门打不开是因为 ……),很明显,车门打不开是由撞车事故造成的,故选
A。
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4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段中的so Dipinto quickly ran to the other side and managed
to open the door... walked her to safety as swiftly as possible可知选D。
5.B 推理判断题。由于迪平托听到撞车声音后第一时间就出来救人,还穿着睡衣。迪平托
只顾着救人,顾不得自己。故选B。
Passage 18
Giuseppe Paternò achieved the dream of a lifetime: He got a university degree when
he was 96.
Mr. Paternò's graduation has inspired news coverage around the world, partly because
of his age. Mr. Paternò has got around many difficulties in his lifetime. Studying had
been his passion since he was a small child, he said, “but unfortunately life betrayed
me.”
Born in Palermo in 1923, he was the first of seven children in a very poor family.
His dad worked at a job on a farm, and his mother took care of these children at home.
Mr. Paternò began working soon after finishing primary school. “The family was large,
there was only one paycheck, we were under fascism (法西斯主义),and times were
tough,” he said. Eventually he ended up at a publishing house, where the boss persuaded
his father to send him back to school for a three-year vocational degree. Mr. Paternò then
worked for an insurance agency while he took private classes to become a telegraph
operator. The job also opened the door to the State Railways company, where he worked
for more than four decades.
In 1951, with a wife and two small children at home, he earned a high school
degree as a surveyor, which led to an office job at State Railways. It was only after he
retired, in the mid-1980s, that he returned to his books, taking theology courses after a
chance meeting with a professor of history who urged him to follow his passion.
Mr. Micari, the president of the University of Palermo, congratulated Mr. Paternò on
finishing his degree with a near perfect grade point average. “A graduate at this age,
who has all this passion, this enthusiasm, and this talent is certainly an extraordinary
spokesman for our university,” Mr. Micari told reporters later.
1.What did Giuseppe Paternò do after primary school?
A.He took care of children at home.
B.He worked to support his family.
C.He helped his father with his work.
D.He managed a publishing house.
2.Which word best describes the boss of the publishing house?
A.Creative. B.Good-tempered.
C.Cautious. D.Far-sighted.
3.What made Giuseppe Paternò get an office job at State Railways?
A.Working for an insurance agency.
B.Taking private classes in telegraph.
C.Receiving his high school degree.
D.Working there for over forty years.
4.What message does the story convey?
A.It's never too late to learn.
B.Rome wasn't built in a day.
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C.Education is the key to success.
D.Ups and downs make one strong.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为优秀品行和正确的人
生态度。文章通过朱塞佩·帕特诺在96岁的高龄获得大学学位这件事告诉我们“活到老,学
到老”。
1.B 推理判断题。根据题干中after primary school可定位到第三段。根据 Mr. Paternò
began working soon after finishing primary school(帕特诺先生小学毕业后不久就开始工作)
可知,小学毕业以后,朱塞佩·帕特诺工作来养家。故选B项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中Eventually he ended up at a publishing house, where the
boss persuaded his father to send him back to school for a three-year vocational degree(最
终,他进入了一家出版社,在那里,老板说服他的父亲送他回学校获得一个3年的职业学历)可
推知,出版社的老板是有远见的。故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据 get an office job at State Railways可定位到第四段。根据In
1951, with a wife and two small children at home, he earned a high school degree as a
surveyor, which led to an office job at State Railways.可知,获得高中学历使朱塞佩·帕特诺
在国家铁路公司得到了一份办公室工作。故选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段 Giuseppe Paternò achieved the dream of a lifetime:
He got a university degree when he was 96.(朱塞佩·帕特诺实现了一生的梦想:他在96岁
时获得了大学学位)可知,文章通过朱塞佩·帕特诺在96岁的高龄获得大学学位这件事告诉我
们“活到老,学到老”。故选A项。
Passage 19
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless
device(设备) may be turning friends away from your home. The elephant in your living
room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for
peace of mind in their homes. But few stop to think about the effect these devices may
have on house guests. Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being
recorded while you all watch TV together?
“It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras become easier to
fix,” says Lizzie Post, a distinguished manners advisor. “ I think it will be very
interesting to see what manners appear in terms of whether you tell people you have a
camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a
security issue.” Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but
rather personal preference.
When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's responsibility to make sure
guests feel comfortable within their home. If the host casually acknowledges that there is
a camera in the room by telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an
opening for a guest to say if they are uncomfortable.
However, if a contractor(承包商) is working in your home, you don't need to tell
them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the camera can also work in
contractors' favor. “If anything does go wrong while they're in the house, they don't want
to be blamed for it,” she says. In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that
they didn't steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.
1.The visitors are concerned that the security camera may .
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A.threaten their health
B.spoil their peace of mind
C.disturb their privacy
D.affect their preference
2.What is a host's responsibility concerning the security camera?
A.Indicating its position.
B.Making their guests feel at ease.
C.Turning it off in time.
D.Having a casual talk with guests.
3.How can the home security camera benefit contractors working in your home?
A.It can prevent the accidents happening.
B.It can prove their innocence.
C.It can record their working progress.
D.It can make their work more enjoyable.
4.What's the author's attitude towards the security camera?
A.Negative. B.Pessimistic. C.Favorable. D.Objective.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活。人们越来
越多地在家里使用联网安全摄像机以获得内心的平静,但很少有人会停下来考虑这些设备可
能对访客产生的影响。
1.C 推理判断题。根据前两段和常识可知,很多人不想被摄像机记录,他们担心安全摄像机
可能会干扰他们的隐私。故选C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的 When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a
host's responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home(说到安全摄像
机,Post说,确保客人在家里感到舒适是主人的责任)可知选B项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一句In fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that
they didn't steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.可知,家庭安全摄像机可以通过证
明在家工作的承包商的无辜而对他们有好处。故选B项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,作者说明了安全摄像机的利与弊,并没有说明自己支
持还是反对安全摄像机,因此作者的态度是客观的。故选D项。
Passage 20
Student loan (贷款) debt has become a worldwide problem. In America, the country's
overall student debt reached a record $1.6 trillion in 2019.The average person with student
loan debt owed between $20,000 and $25,000. A recent Japanese government report says
it has been lending over $9 billion yearly to students since 2010.Similar conditions exist
in Africa and South America.
Several factors account for high student loan debt. One is that employers everywhere
have increased their demands on workers, making higher education a requirement for
many jobs. The students, however, after graduation, often find that their country's economy
is not strong enough to support their financial needs, so their ability to pay back the loan
becomes a problem.
To solve the problem, many countries are seeking their ways. Australia has developed
a system where students do not have to pay anything back until they are earning at least
$40,000 a year. In America, several candidates running for president have offered more
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extreme solutions that all or at least some of these loans will be forgiven.
Some professors in several universities recently studied what the effects of debt
forgiveness might be. They found that, overall, sudden debt relief greatly improved the
borrowers' lives. Not only did they have more money, but they were more likely to move
to a new area and seek better paying work.
Yet the professors' research doesn't include a look at what might happen to financial
institutions or the overall economy if debt were totally forgiven. It only looks at how
debt forgiveness would help the borrowers. The professors warn that debt relief might
actually make borrowers become more reckless (轻率的) with their borrowing in the
future.
No matter what, the professors agree that if countries do decide to approve some
student debt relief, the neediest students should be helped first.
1.How does the author introduce the problem of student loan debt?
A.By making a comparison.
B.By making classifications.
C.By presenting some statistics.
D.By setting down general rules.
2.What can we learn about student loan debt relief?
A.It will surely provide some benefits to borrowers.
B.It has already been carried out in the United States.
C.It aims to encourage more students to borrow money.
D.It will prevent a person from landing a well paying job.
3.What is the professors' attitude to debt relief?
A.Uncaring. B.Positive.
C.Disapproving. D.Cautious.
4.What's the main idea of the text?
A.Student loan debt is the most serious problem worldwide.
B.Growing global student debt fuels search for solutions.
C.Student loan debt tends to pull the needy out of trouble.
D.People hold different opinions on debt forgiveness.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章
介绍了学生贷款债务成为全球性问题,各国都在寻求解决方案。
1.C 推理判断题。由第一段可知,作者通过展示一些统计数据介绍学生贷款债务问题。故
选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段的 They found that, overall, sudden debt relief greatly
improved the borrowers' lives(他们发现,总的来说,突然的债务减免极大地改善了借款人的生
活)可知,债务减免肯定会给借款人带来一些好处。故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段可知教授们发现了债务减免的好处,他们也提出了
可能的负面影响,因此,教授们对债务减免的态度是谨慎的。故选D项。
4.B 主旨要义题。本文前两段讲学生贷款债务问题,后面讲了解决方案,所以短文主要讲不
断增长的全球学生贷款债务促使各国寻找解决方案。故选B项。
长难句 The students, however, after graduation, often find that their country's economy is
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not strong enough to support their financial needs, so their ability to pay back the loan
becomes a problem.然而,在毕业后,学生们经常发现他们国家的经济没有强到足以支撑他们
的财务需求,所以他们偿还贷款的能力成为了一个问题。
句中that引导动词find的宾语从句。
Passage 21
I entered a cabinetmaking(家具制造)program. I didn't think I would be good at
making furniture. I'm not handy. Nobody in my family is.
I had great teachers, but making furniture is hard. There are so many steps and
something can go wrong at each one. I couldn't even get organized. My toolbox always
looked as if a hurricane had gone through it.
I didn't fully know what I was committed to in the beginning, but I kept attending
classes. I tried to be wrapped up in math. The projects forced me to solve new kinds of
problems. My brain started to build new connections. Working in this new physical
manner and giving it 100 percent of my effort had huge benefits for my mental health. I
got over my fear of embarrassment and asked for help at every opportunity.
I spent that year truly learning.True learning is the most challenging experience,
especially for those of us who are learning a new set of skills. I could understand exactly
what was wrong with the furniture I made, but I couldn't fix those problems. And yet, I
kept trying. I failed again and again, until I learned to fail better.
In the end, I finished the program—with honors, no less! My grades were helped by
my good written work. I also learned how to use tools. Having to constantly push myself
to step outside my comfort zone has made me a more well-rounded person.
Maybe most importantly, the school gave me a more realistic idea of my strengths
and limitations. I'm stronger than I thought!
1.What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs?
A.She had a gift for making furniture.
B.She lacked practical skills.
C.She disliked making everything in a mess.
D.She went to the program to surprise her family.
2.What was the biggest challenge the author encountered?
A.Physical condition.
B.Psychological preparation.
C.To know how to correct mistakes.
D.Not being good at math.
3.What do you think of the author?
A.Hard-working and determined.
B.Confident and efficient.
C.Cooperative and creative.
D.Modest and talented.
4.What did the author benefit most from the project?
A.She won an award for good writing.
B.She became stronger both mentally and physically.
C.She became skillful at making furniture.
D.She had a better understanding of herself.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为积极的生活态度。
文章主要讲述了作者学习一个新的课程——家具制造的经历。一开始作者面临重重困难,但
作者没有放弃,以积极的态度最后完成了这一课程并在过程中加深了对自己的理解。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中 I'm not handy 以及第二段中 I couldn't even get
organized. My toolbox always looked as if a hurricane had gone through it可知,作者缺乏
实践技能。故选B项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第四段可知,作者遇到的最大挑战是如何在实践中学会改正自己的
错误。故选C项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中 I didn't fully know what I was committed to in the
beginning, but I kept attending classes和I got over my fear of embarrassment and asked
for help at every opportunity以及第四段中 I spent that year truly learning和And yet, I
kept trying. I failed again and again, until I learned to fail better可综合推断作者工作努
力,意志坚定。故选A项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Maybe most importantly, the school gave me a more
realistic idea of my strengths and limitations. I'm stronger than I thought!可知,作者在这个
项目中最大的收获是她对自己有了更好的了解。故选D项。
Passage 22
The German ship Polarstern is designed to break up heavy ice. But in September,
2019, the ship set sail from Norway with the goal of getting frozen into the Arctic ice
cap for a year. The mission (任务) was part of a $155 million project known as
MOSAiC, led by Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), whose goal is to learn more
about the ice that forms near the North Pole. The ice cap here isn't completely solid, and
it's a collection of floes — floating sheets of ice. As summer approaches, some of the ice
melts and many floes break free.
By October, 2019, the ship was frozen into the Arctic ice north of Siberia. The
mission wasn't without its challenges. First and most importantly, the Polarstern had to
find an ice floe that would be used as its primary research base. The ice floe must be
solid enough to anchor the ship and to support all the research equipment the scientists
needed to use. However, doing it proved easier said than done. Once the ship was frozen
in place, the scientists had to wrestle with the dangerous polar bears that were wandering
around. Dealing with extreme cold was another challenge. They also had to face the long
and dark polar night, a period during winter when the sun doesn't rise at all in the
central Arctic. In October, 2020, the boat finally returned to Bremerhaven, Germany.
“We are watching the Arctic sea ice die,” said the mission's leader, Markus Rex.
The team reports that the ice shelf is full of holes, and that the ice that remains is thin
and melting. Recent satellite measurements support that idea. The size of this year's ice
cap is the second smallest ever recorded.
Next comes the long process of studying all the data that was collected during the
last year. Thomas Krumpen, one of the scientists, said, “We'll likely be busy with it over
the next ten years.”
The scientists hope this abundant information will help them make better predictions
about climate change.
1.What does MOSAiC try to do in the Arctic?
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A.Protect the ice cap.
B.Stop the ice melting.
C.Study the ice deeply.
D.Break up heavy ice.
2.What was the biggest challenge for the scientists on the Polarstern?
A.Finding the right floe.
B.Fighting the extreme cold.
C.Avoiding polar bears.
D.Reducing loneliness.
3.What is the author's attitude towards the situations of Arctic ice?
A.Carefree. B.Positive. C.Tolerant. D.Objective.
4.Which of the following best describes the journey to the Arctic?
A.Expensive. B.Confidential.
C.Fruitful. D.Casual.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护与自然生态。
德国“极星”号破冰船在北极冰帽中冻结了一年后,于2020年10月终于回到了德国的不来
梅港。该船收集了大量有关北极冰的信息,科学家们希望这些信息能够帮助他们更好地预测
气候变化。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的The mission (任务) was part of a $155 million project
known as MOSAiC, led by Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), whose goal is to
learn more about the ice that forms near the North Pole可知,这个项目的目的是更多地了
解北极附近形成的冰。故选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段的First and most importantly, the Polarstern had to find an
ice floe that would be used as its primary research base...However, doing it proved easier
said than done可知,找到合适的浮冰对“极星”号上的科学家来说是最大的挑战。故选 A
项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,作者只是客观说明北极海冰的现状。故选D项。
carefree无忧无虑的;positive积极乐观的;tolerant包容的;objective客观的。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第四段Next comes the long process of studying all the data that
was collected during the last year. Thomas Krumpen, one of the scientists, said, “We'll
likely be busy with it over the next ten years.”和第五段 The scientists hope this
abundant information will help them make better predictions about climate change.可推知,
“极星”号此次北极之旅收获颇丰。故选C项。
Passage 23 词数 394
Sawyer Current's first visit to Isla Mujeres, a small island off the coast of Cancun,
Mexico, was meant to be a getaway. But instead of relaxing on white sand beaches,
Current was disappointed at the number of unwanted animals wandering the streets.
“Dogs were everywhere, coming out of the bushes and along the sides of the road,”
she recalls that trip 25 years ago. “They were dirty and covered with fleas (跳蚤) and
scars.” “It was sad,” she says. “I just couldn't stand to watch it.”
Current decided to help fix it. She built a second home on Isla Mujeres in 2000, and
beginning with a skinny, toothless cat she rescued from the streets, she went on to find
homes for more than 2,000 dogs and cats. Today, thanks to Current's efforts, the island no
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longer has a wild dog problem, and “people are more aware of their pets' needs,” says
Marcelino Velazquez, 34, a property manager from Isla Mujeres. “They vaccinate (给……
接种疫苗) them and don't abandon them to the streets. The way of thinking has
changed.”
For Current, it was a hard-fought transformation. “At first I was angry and thought
it was horrible,” Current says of the conditions on the island when she began her work.
“But they weren't bad people. They were people without resources.” When she first
arrived, the community had no vet (兽医), and animal control consisted of a team of
government workers who'd round up street dogs in a truck and kill them. “I used to
follow the truck, and when they'd go for lunch, I'd let the dogs out,” she says. “One
time I let the air out of their tires (轮胎).”
At one point she was caring for more than 65 rescued dogs in her home, and she
estimates she has spent about $1 million of her own savings on her efforts. “It was
exhausting,” she admits. Now Isla Animals has an on-site shelter with a small staff, and
many volunteers and donors among the island's tourists. Each year the group rehomes
more than 170 pets, many of which fly with volunteers to families in the U.S. and
Canada.
“There's nothing in the world like finding a starving dog, nursing it back to good
health and finding it a loving home,” Current says.
1.What made Current feel disappointed with the island?
A.Insects biting people.
B.People without resources.
C.Houses in poor conditions.
D.Animals abandoned to the streets.
2.Why did Current follow the truck and let the air out of its tires?
A.To show the local people how to solve their problems.
B.To draw public attention to what she was doing.
C.To stop the workers from killing the animals.
D.To help the government punish bad people.
3.Which of the following best describes Current?
A.Loving. B.Ambitious.
C.Intelligent. D.Cautious.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容是人与动植物。文章讲述了Sawyer
Current救助一个名为Isla Mujeres的小岛上的流浪动物的故事。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 But instead of relaxing on white sand beaches,
Current was disappointed at the number of unwanted animals wandering the streets .可知,被
遗弃在街上的动物让Current感到失望。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I used to follow the truck, and when they'd go for
lunch, I ' d let the dogs out ,” she says. “One time I let the air out of their tires (轮胎).”
可知,Current给轮胎放气是因为她想要阻止这些动物被杀害。
3.A 推理判断题。Current本想在小岛上休息放松,却因为看到很多流浪动物而感到失望,然
后开始在岛上救助流浪动物,并帮助这些流浪动物找到新家。由此可以看出Current非常有
爱心(loving)。
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Passage 24 词数 309
Liu Jichen, founder and CEO of Clear Plate , designed a mini-program that
recognizes empty plates and rewards users with points. These points can be exchanged for
gifts like books and cellphones, or better yet, they can be used to purchase charity meals
donated to poor children in rural areas of China.
In 2016, Liu, a then student of Tsinghua University, noticed a popular campaign
called “Leftover Party”, where people brought their leftovers to eat together, intending
to raise awareness of food waste. Liu and his classmates organized one such event, which
was attended by hundreds of people. The success encouraged him to spread the concept
of reducing food waste to a wider audience.
The idea of a mini-program struck him at a dinner in 2017 when Liu dined at a
restaurant, which rewarded diners who finished off their food. Liu found that the
restaurant would give these diners a card every time and offer them small gifts when they
collected a certain number of cards. “Everyone who values food can enjoy a sense of
gain at a lower cost,” Liu said, noting that such an idea could be realized online.
He formed a team to work on the project. Yet it was quite a challenge for the AI
system to identify the uploaded photos. Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1,000
others, spent half a year collecting over 100,000 samples across the country to train the
digital brain.
“There were so many uncertainties in research and development. For our team
members, the biggest challenge was whether we were confident enough to complete it,”
Liu said. They not only achieved their goal, but now, the mini-program has more than
five million registered users. “We hope to inspire everyone to take action against food
waste and to contribute Chinese wisdom and solutions to global food security
challenges,” he added.
1.What inspired Liu Jichen to create the mini-program?
A.A restaurant's practice.
B.His interest in high technology.
C.A campaign concept.
D.His classmates' advice.
2.What is the main aim of the mini-program?
A.To increase awareness of charity.
B.To encourage people to save food.
C.To collect photos of empty plates.
D.To promote books and other gifts.
3.Which of the following words can best describe Liu Jichen?
A.Generous and optimistic.
B.Loving and easy-going.
C.Determined and responsible.
D.Grateful and considerate.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是社会热点问题。文章简要介绍了
柳济琛开发的小程序。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句The idea of a mini-program struck him at a dinner
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in 2017 when Liu dined at a restaurant, which rewarded diners who finished off their
food.可知,柳济琛想要开发这个小程序是因为这家餐厅的做法激发了他的灵感。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 Liu Jichen, founder and CEO of Clear Plate,
designed a mini-program that recognizes empty plates and rewards users with points.以及
下文的具体介绍可知,这个小程序的目的是识别空盘,鼓励人们节约食物。
3.C 推理判断题。柳济琛看到“Leftover Party”这个活动可以引起人们对食物浪费的重视,
自发和同学们一起举办了这样的活动,说明他是一个有责任心的(responsible)人。柳济琛在开
发小程序的过程中虽然遇到了很多挑战,但是他都克服了,最终取得成功,证明他是一个有决
心的(determined)人。
Passage 25 词数 449
Whether hunting or competing for limited space and resources, humans are the
planet's super predator (捕食者). As the human population expands, it's getting harder for
other creatures to find somewhere to hide during the day. Now new findings indicate
animals around the world have come up with another strategy:They are becoming
nocturnal.
In a paper published in Science, researchers analyzed 76 previous scientific studies
about the human impact on animal activity. They compared animals' activity during the
day and night in areas of high human disturbance (from hunting or farming to hiking and
other outdoor recreations) and low human disturbance (relatively natural conditions). The
analysis showed animals are becoming an average of 1.36 times more nocturnal due to
high human disturbance.
For example, in Poland wild boars go from 48% nocturnal in natural forests to 90%
nocturnal in urban areas. Even activities people consider relatively innocuous, such as
hiking and wildlife viewing, strongly affected animals' daily rhythms. “We think that
we're leaving no trace often when we're outdoors, but we can be having lasting
consequences on animal behavior,” says Kaitlyn Gaynor, lead researcher for the study.
This is not the first time animals have had to live at night;during the time of
dinosaurs, they were also nocturnal. “Dinosaurs were this ubiquitous (无所不在的), scary
force, and only after their extinction did mammals (哺乳动物) emerge into the daylight,”
Gaynor says. “And now humans have taken over and are pushing other animals back
into the night.”
Scientists suspect becoming nocturnal may hurt those species highly adapted to the
sun. They might not be able to live well at night, which would ultimately hurt their
chances of survival and reproduction. Perhaps even more alarming effects could be in the
wider ecosystem. In California's Santa Cruz Mountains, coyotes have been more nocturnal
in response to hikers and have started to alter their diets from daytime prey, such as
squirrels and birds, to nocturnal prey, such as rats and rabbits.
Exactly how ecological communities will change, and whether it will be for better or
worse, requires further study. Some nighttime shifts may benefit both animals and humans,
Gaynor notes. For instance, tigers in Nepal are avoiding potentially deadly conflicts with
people as they become more nocturnal.
Studies like this one will eventually help conservation managers make better decisions
about how to protect ecosystems. “We'll need to understand local dynamics to really
understand how we should be changing management of wildlife populations or human
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activities,” Gaynor notes. “One potential approach might be to manage the timing of
human activities so that we leave some of the daylight for other animals.”
1.How do animals respond to increasing human disturbance?
A.By limiting food intake.
B.By leaving their habitat.
C.By controlling population.
D.By adjusting daily routine.
2.What does the underlined word “innocuous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Harmless. B.Recreational.
C.Organized. D.Irregular.
3.Why does the author mention dinosaurs?
A.To highlight the importance of daylight.
B.To indicate the domination of humans.
C.To illustrate mammals' adaptability.
D.To demonstrate dinosaurs' power.
4.What can we learn about animals' becoming nocturnal?
A.It has led to a new ecological balance.
B.It demands more conservation areas.
C.It may encourage biodiversity.
D.It might be double-edged.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与自然。主题语境内容是人与动植物。因为人类活动的
影响,越来越多的动物变成在夜间活动,文章分析了这对动物以及整个生态环境可能造成的影
响以及对保护生态系统的启示。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 The analysis showed animals are becoming an
average of 1.36 times more nocturnal due to high human disturbance.可知,动物为了应对人
类不断的干扰,只能增加夜间活动的次数,这说明动物调整了日常行为。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句中的 Even可知,画线词和句中的 strongly affected
animals' daily rhythms(严重影响动物的日常节奏)意思相反;且根据画线词后的 such as
hiking and wildlife viewing(比如徒步旅行和野生动物观赏)可知,这里提到的人类活动是没
有危害的(Harmless)。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句的 This is not the first time animals have had to
live at night和第四段最后一句“And now humans have taken over and are pushing other
animals back into the night.”可知,作者提到恐龙是想要说明人和之前的恐龙一样,迫使其他
动物回到夜晚,强调人类占据主导地位(domination)。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段中一些动物变成夜行动物带来的负面影响以及第六段中的
Exactly how ecological communities will change, and whether it will be for better or
worse, requires further study. Some nighttime shifts may benefit both animals and humans
可知,动物在夜间活动有利有弊(双刃剑)。
Passage 26 词数 377
Which animal pulls at your heartstrings—a panda or a toad (蟾蜍)? Zoologist Lucy
Cooke draws attention to some of the world's least attractive animals. She hopes to show
the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and
deserving of our attention and protection.
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Cooke's blogs and online videos bring her unusual storytelling style to a serious
message:If we only care about the best loved animals, other important parts of the web of
life could be ignored. There are so many television shows about lovely animals like koala
bears and kittens, she observes. All the attention seems focused on “celebrity” animals.
“Those unusual creatures attract me because they tell an amazing evolutionary (进化的)
story,” Cooke said. “I'm interested in all of nature, not just the shiny bits.”
Amphibians—animals like frogs that live both on land and in water—top Cooke's list.
Over a third of amphibians are going extinct; it's the worst extinction crisis since the
dinosaurs were wiped off the face of the earth. “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in
the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,”
she noted. “ That motivated me to start my blog, The Amphibian Avenger. When
amphibians go extinct, birds and snakes that eat them also disappear. And since they
breathe through their skin, they are easily attacked by pollution and climate change. That
makes them fantastic instruments for measuring the health of ecosystems.”
One of Cooke's most popular online videos is about sloths—extremely slow-moving
animals that live in trees. They've always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. In
fact, “slothfulness” is the key to the animal's success, allowing the sloth's liver (肝脏)
to process poisonous substances found in the leaves it eats. Moving slowly also keeps it
hidden from enemies. “My video showed the world how interesting they are,” Cooke
said.
The bats, dung beetles and more get their moment in the sun thanks to Cooke. “I
just want people to share my sense of amazement and love for these creatures,” Cooke
stated. “Once you understand why they're ugly or odd, you'll appreciate them and want
to save them as much as I do.”
1.Cooke started The Amphibian Avenger in order to .
A.make the animal popular with people
B.show her unique appreciation of beauty
C.introduce the research on a new species
D.explain the importance of this kind of animal
2.Cooke's video about sloths is an example of .
A.why some animals deserve their reputation
B.why she thinks it necessary to save animals
C.how people focus on some specific animals
D.how she is trying to change people's minds
3.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Animal Defender
B.Intelligent Animals
C.Cooke's Storytelling Blogs
D.The Secret of Extinct Creatures
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容是人与动植物。文章介绍了动物学
家Lucy Cooke为保护动物所做出的努力。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of
the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,” she noted.
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“ That motivated me to start my blog , The Amphibian Avenger ...”可知,Cooke 开始 The
Amphibian Avenger的目的是解释两栖动物的重要性。
2.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段前两句One of Cooke's most popular online videos is
about sloths—extremely slow-moving animals that live in trees. They've always had a
reputation for being lazy and stupid.,倒数第二段最后一句“My video showed the world
how interesting they are,” Cooke said.以及最后一段中“Once you understand why they're
ugly or odd, you'll appreciate them and want to save them as much as I do.”可推知,关
于树懒的视频是Cooke试图改变人们想法的一个例子。
3.A 主旨要义题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段中的Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention
to some of the world ' s least attractive animals . She hopes to show the world why some
of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our
attention and protection .可知,文章主要介绍了Cooke为保护动物所做的事情。因此,Animal
Defender(动物保护者)是最佳标题。
Passage 27 词数 421
Many people have felt isolated and afraid during the pandemic this year, and the
Weber family is no different. But 11-year-old Emerson Weber has a hobby that has turned
into a remarkable antidote. Emerson writes letters—lots of letters. One day last spring, she
even wrote to Doug, her mail carrier. “I want to thank you for taking my letters and
delivering them,” she said. “You are very important to me.”
In no time at all, Emerson's simple thank-you note was shared around the United
States Postal Service (USPS). Many of the workers who read it wrote back. Her father
was so moved by the response that he took to Twitter to share his appreciation for the
outpouring of love.
The next day after Emerson gave Doug the letter, a package arrived with two letters.
Doug had shared Emerson's letter with his supervisor, Sara, and they both wanted to share
how touched they were.
The next week, they got a letter addressed to “Mr. and Mrs. Weber”. It seemed
that Sara had shared Emerson's note as a “Token of Thanks” in the internal USPS
newsletter, and there were postal folks that wanted to thank her.
That day, the family saw Doug getting out of the truck with two BOXES of letters
from around the country. These letters were so deeply human. They were filled with
family, pets, hobbies, community, and an overwhelming sense of kindness.
But there was something more in these letters. People felt seen—some for the first
time in a long time. “I work alone in a small rural post office...” “My kids all live
far away...” “Not a lot of people think about how hard we work...”
One wrote, “I can't tell you how much it means to read your letter...”
With dozens of new pen pals, Emerson did what she does best.
She wrote.
She acknowledged that there WERE a lot of letters, but she read them all.
“I'm not sharing this because I'm a proud dad,” her father wrote on Twitter. “I'm
sharing it because it is relatively easy, if we take the time, to give others the one thing
they need to be well—human connection. Emerson does this boldly. Her lesson to me
was simple:It's the small things that matter most.”
Send a letter. Make a call. Take a step of boldness. For yourself or for others.
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1.Mr. Weber shared Emerson's story on Twitter because .
A.he was moved by the readers' response
B.he wanted more people to read the letter
C.he took great pride in being Emerson's father
D.he was thankful to Doug for delivering letters
2.What do the letters in the passage symbolize?
A.A sense of community.
B.The company of family.
C.A bond between people.
D.The outpouring of courage.
3.Which of the following words can best describe Emerson?
A.Selfless and patient.
B.Smart and mature.
C.Determined and proud.
D.Loving and grateful.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为良好的人际关系。在疫情期间,许
多人都感到孤独和害怕,Emerson用写信的方式给人们传递温暖和力量。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 Her father was so moved by the response that he
took to Twitter to share his appreciation for the outpouring of love.可知,Weber 先生在
Twitter上分享女儿的故事是因为被读者的回信感动了。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句 Many people have felt isolated and afraid
during the pandemic this year, and the Weber family is no different.和Emerson的行为可
知,Emerson通过写信的方式让人们在疫情期间感到人与人之间的温暖;且根据倒数第二段中
的I'm sharing it because it is relatively easy, if we take the time, to give others the one
thing they need to be well— human connection .可推知,这些信件就是人与人之间联系的纽
带。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第一段Emerson在信中所写的I want to thank you for taking my
letters and delivering them,第二段中对于她的感谢信被广泛分享的描述,以及她写的信给人
们送去了关心和温暖可推知,Emerson是一个富有爱心和感恩之心的人。
Passage 28 词数 420
mangoes
Once small farmers in Masii, a remote village in Kenya, have picked their crops, all
they can do is wait until a buyer trucks through. The system works fairly well for beans
and corn, but mangoes—the area's other main crop—spoil (腐烂) more quickly. If the
trader is late, they rot.
Obadiah Kisaingu, a farmer in Masii, estimates 40% of the village's mango crop is
lost to spoilage. But a simple coating could change that. A company, SmartTech, has
created a product that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce, enabling farmers like
Kisaingu to access far-off, larger markets. More time for fresh produce on grocers' shelves
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also means less food waste—a $2.6 trillion problem, according to the United Nations'
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
James Rogers, CEO of SmartTech, who has a PhD in materials science, wanted to
solve the problem for food much in the same way that oxide barriers preventing rust (锈)
have achieved for steel. Fortunately, researchers have found when plants made the jump
from water to land hundreds of millions of years ago, they developed cutin, a barrier
which is made of fatty acids that link together to form a seal around the plant, helping
keep water in.
The cutin was such a grand strategy that today you'll still find it across the plant
kingdom. Not that it's exactly the same solution across the board:An orange can last
longer than a strawberry not so much because of the thickness of its skin, but because of
the difference in the arrangement of those cutin molecules ( 分 子 ) on the surface.
SmartTech's challenge was first identifying the key components of cutin. After extensive
trials, Rogers and his team developed a natural and tasteless protective coating from plant
material—stems, leaves and skins. The product extends the sweet spot between ripening
and rot. And best of all, the treated produce doesn't require refrigeration.
SmartTech traveled a long road to get here. It was six years from the launch before
products applied with the substance were in stores. SmartTech-treated fruits and vegetables
are already in large grocery chains in Europe and the U.S. and the company recently
gained regulatory approval in several less developed countries in South America.
“SmartTech has huge potential to turn poor farmers in Africa into commercial
farmers,” says Rogers. “ That means more money in pockets, and more food in
stomachs.” But whether the company can cost-effectively reach small farmers in far-off
areas still remains a challenge.
1.The author mentions the small farmers in Kenya to .
A.stress their need for preserving produce
B.show their difficulty in harvesting crops
C.evaluate their loss caused by slow transport
D.help express their wish to reach larger markets
2.What can we learn about SmartTech's product?
A.It is financially supported by FAO.
B.It is intended to replace refrigeration.
C.It is designed to thicken produce's skin.
D.It is based on plants' own defence system.
3.What does James Rogers expect?
A.To profit farmers.
B.To earn more money.
C.To produce more food.
D.To expand grocery chains.
4.The main purpose of the passage is to .
A.prove a theory
B.promote a product
C.introduce a company
D.present a technology
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介绍了SmartTech
公司产出的一项新技术,这项技术能使农产品保存得更好,从而为农民谋利。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Obadiah Kisaingu, a farmer in Masii, estimates 40 %
of the village ' s mango crop is lost to spoilage . But a simple coating could change that. A
company, SmartTech, has created a product that doubles the shelf life of fresh produce ,
enabling farmers like Kisaingu to access far-off , larger markets .可知,农作物易腐烂,作者提
到肯尼亚的小农场主是为了强调他们保存农产品的需求。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 Fortunately, researchers have found when plants
made the jump from water to land hundreds of millions of years ago, they developed
cutin, a barrier which is made of fatty acids that link together to form a seal around the
plant , helping keep water in .可知,SmartTech的产品建立在植物本身的防御系统的基础之上。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“SmartTech has huge potential to turn poor
farmers in Africa into commercial farmers ,” says Rogers. “That means more money in
pockets, and more food in stomachs.”可知,詹姆斯·罗杰斯希望通过SmartTech公司为农民
谋利。
4.D 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了SmartTech公司产出的一项新技术,这项技术能使农产品
保存得更好,从而为农民谋利。
Passage 29 词数 479
The philosopher, Martin Buber, is most known for his work on “I-Thou/You”
relationships in which people are open, direct, mutually interested in each other. In
contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an object, to
solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes.
It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It” relationships
because most of what we feel, think and do is motivated by unconscious memories of
how to survive the environment into which we were born. Thus, one of the reasons we
use other people to help us feel better about ourselves and cope in the world is that
using people was once necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It”
came and fed us, and held us, and set us on our way. We didn't have to reciprocate and
care for “It”. Even when the care and attention of “It” was minimal or unpredictable,
if we got out of childhood alive, somewhere along the way “It” was involved.
Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本
能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our development. While most of us grow
out of it, we still hold a survival fear, which motivates us to escape danger and to stay
alive, and we all need this fear in healthy measure.
The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a constant state of
threat—and we often don't know it. We imagine people are talking about us behind our
backs, that we have cancer, that we are inadequate, and vulnerable to more than our share
of bad luck. As our brains have grown in size and complexity, so has our ability to scare
ourselves.
This causes many problems. For example, our stress levels increase, our digestion is
impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat response stops any bodily
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function, feeling, thought and behavior that might “waste” energy and detract from
fighting or escaping danger. Thus, when in threat, our emotional, cognitive and behavioral
range is significantly reduced.
And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who can save and
comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open, direct and mutual, fear and anxiety lead us
towards conversations and choices in our relations with others that are orientated towards
surviving—not thriving (茁壮成长). Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by
need, dependency, control, demand, dishonesty, and self-interest.
We cannot form the “I-Thou” relationships that Buber speaks of until we have
learned to notice, comfort, and understand the emotions and patterns of our threat brain.
When in threat, we tend to use other people as objects who can save and protect us, or
who we can blame for our problems.
1.What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Return the favor.
B.Ask for some advice.
C.Convey an apology.
D.Make some comments.
2.What can we learn about “primary narcissism”?
A.It leads to our survival fear.
B.It is normal and usually temporary.
C.It impacts our growth negatively.
D.It lays the foundation for Freud's theory.
3.Which of the following could be an example of “I-It” relationships?
A.Comforting an upset friend.
B.Feeling sorry for your mistakes.
C.Trying hard to be independent.
D.Asking others to take on your task.
4.What would be the best title for this passage?
A.How We Can Form The “I-Thou” Relationships
B.How We Can Get Out Of The “I-It” Relationships
C.Why We Treat Others As Objects Rather Than Individuals
D.What Helps Us Survive And Thrive In Early Stages Of Life
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为良好的人际关系与社会交往。文
章提出了把别人当成物品对待的“我—它”关系,解释了其背后的原因和可能带来的问题。
1.A 猜测词义题。根据画线词后的 and可知画线词的意思和 care for一致(我们不必
和关心“它”),根据后文 Even when the care and attention of “ It ” was minimal or
unpredictable...(甚至当对“它”的关心和关注微乎其微或难以预测时……)中的Even可知, 这
句话比前句中要表达的意思递进一个层次,由此可以判断此处要表达的意思是我们不必 “做
出回报(return the favor)”。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 Freud called this stage of early life “primary
narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our
development.和第二句中的While most of us grow out of it可知,“本源性自恋”是正常的,
而且通常是暂时的。
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3.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which
we use the other , like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes .
(相反,“我—它”关系是那些我们像对待物品一样利用对方来解决我们的问题、满足我们
的需求和目的的关系。)可推知,D项(要求别人来承担你的任务)与其匹配。
4.C 主旨要义题。文章通过“我—它”关系解释了为什么我们把别人当作物品而不是人。
长难句 In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in which we use the other, like an
object, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and purposes.相反,“我—它”关系是那
些我们像对待物品一样利用对方来解决我们的问题、满足我们的需求和目的的关系。
这是一个主从复合句。in which引导定语从句,修饰先行词those,关系词在从句中作介
词in的宾语;like an object为插入语。
Passage 30 词数 413
Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to
baby talk. One states that a young child's brain needs time to master language. The
second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key factor. According to this
theory, some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation
occurs.
In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two theories, found
a clever way to test them. More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the
U.S. each year. Many of them no longer hear their birth language after they arrive, and
they must learn English more or less the same way infants(婴儿) do. International
adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue.
All of these factors make them an ideal population in which researchers could test these
competing theories about how language is learned.
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language
development of 27 children adopted from India between the ages of two and five years.
These children began learning English at an older age than US natives and had more
mature brains. Even so, just as American-born infants, their first English sentences
consisted of single words. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical
American-born children, though at a faster clip. The adoptees and native children started
combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes, further
suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature your brain is, but the
number of words you know.
This finding—that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the
baby talk stage—suggests that babies speak in baby talk not because they have baby
brains, but because they have only just started learning and need time to gain enough
vocabulary. Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so
on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.
But this finding also raises an even older and more difficult question. Adult
immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign
language as the average child raised as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected
there is a “critical period” for language development, after which it cannot proceed with
full success to fluency. Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it
ends.
1.What is the writer's main purpose in Paragraph 2?
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A.To argue that culture affects the way children learn a language.
B.To give reasons why adopted children were used in the study.
C.To reject the view that adopted children need two languages.
D.To justify a particular approach to language learning.
2.What does the Harvard finding show?
A.Language learning takes place in ordered steps.
B.Some children need more conversation than others.
C.Children with more mature brains skip the baby talk stage.
D.Vocabulary makes little difference to sentence formation.
3.When the writer says “critical period”, he means a period when .
A.children start to learn a second language
B.immigrants want to learn another language
C.adults need to be taught by native speakers
D.language learners may achieve native-like fluency
4.What does this passage mainly talk about?
A.What is baby talk.
B.Why babies learn a second language easily.
C.What affects children's language development.
D.How children expand their vocabulary gradually.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科学研究。文章介绍了影响婴儿
语言发展的因素。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 All of these factors make them an ideal
population in which researchers could test these competing theories about how language is
learned.可推知,第二段的目的是说明为什么选择领养儿童作为研究对象。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第四段This finding—that having more mature brains did not help
the adoptees avoid the baby talk stage—suggests that babies speak in baby talk not
because they have baby brains, but because they have only just started learning and need
time to gain enough vocabulary . Before long, the one-word stage will give way to the
two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process. 可推
知,哈佛的研究表明了语言学习是按照有序的步骤进行的。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句 Researchers have long suspected there is a
“critical period” for language development, after which it cannot proceed with full
success to fluency.可推知,“关键时期”是指语言学习者(的语言水平)可以达到像母语一样
的流利的时期。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据第一段前三句Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on
two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states that a young child's brain needs
time to master language. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the
key factor.可知,本文主要介绍了影响婴儿语言发展的因素。
Passage 31 词数 472
On August 28th, at a presentation over the Internet, Mr. Musk showed off the
progress of his firm, Neuralink. The highlight was the appearance of Gertrude, a pig with
a chip implanted (植入) into her brain.
Reading the brain's electrical signals, a technique called electroencephalography (EEG),
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started over 100 years ago and is now routine. It generally involves placing non-invasive
electrodes (非侵入式电极) on the scalp (头皮), though it sometimes requires the invasive
insertion of wires into the scalp or the brain. Non-invasive EEG provides useful
information, and can even be used to do things like playing computer games. Invasive
EEG offers more accurate readings from the nerve cells in the brain, though at greater
risk because of the surgery involved. The device Gertrude carries, known technically as a
brain-computer interface (接口), carries invasiveness one stage further by making the EEG
recorder a potentially permanent implant.
Along with this improved interface, Neuralink has built a robot that will implant it.
To do so, the robot first takes a high-resolution scan of the recipient's brain. Using this, it
is able to sew the electrode threads into place with a precision that avoids any blood
tubes in the area, which reduces the risk of damage during surgery. The robot can put the
interface in place in less than an hour. General anesthesia (麻醉) is not needed for the
procedure.
One challenge the firm wants to tackle is sending electrical signals into the brain.
Mr. Musk says this will require a range of inputs including delicate stimulation and large
amounts of currents. The point of doing so will be to establish two-way communication.
This could allow entirely new areas of treatment to be explored. Besides epilepsy (癫痫)
prevention, such brain stimulation might also work to treat depression. More importantly in
the long run, it is also essential to Musk's vision of widespread engagement between
people and machines. This, he hopes, will result in a future where memories can be
downloaded and stored elsewhere, and humans can form a relationship with AI that is
mutually dependent and beneficial.
Not everyone is impressed. Critics worry that Neuralink is too secretive, and that Mr.
Musk's vision promises more than he can deliver. He does, though, have a record of
doing what he says he is going to, despite the fact that sometimes not as rapidly as he
says he will. He more or less single-handedly introduced battery-electric cars to the
market and he built a successful space-rocket business out of nothing. Brains are a lot
more complicated than cars, and even than rocket science. But do not bet against the
coming into being at some point of the Musk vision of brains and computers working
together directly.
1.What can we learn about EEG?
A.EEG requires the insertion of electrodes.
B.Non-invasive EEG is superior in safety and speed.
C.Invasive EEG functions better in reading nerve cells.
D.EEG can be updated by using the brain-computer interface.
2.In Paragraph 3, the author describes the implantation to show .
A.the advantages of using the robot
B.the simplicity of the procedure
C.the improvement of the interface
D.the possible risks of the surgery
3.According to the text, .
A.Musk achieves more in brain study than in rocket science
B.brain stimulation is crucial for people-machine interaction
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C.new methods of treatment have been researched and created
D.the firm has difficulty finding the right kind of input for brains
4.What's the author's attitude towards Musk's vision?
A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Neutral.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章主要介绍了马斯
克的公司正在利用脑电图(EEG)技术向大脑发送电子信号,他希望人类可以与人工智能建立
一种相互依赖和有益的关系。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 Invasive EEG offers more accurate readings from
the nerve cells in the brain, though at greater risk because of the surgery involved.可知,侵
入性脑电图(EEG)在读取神经细胞时功能更好,故选C。
2.A 推理判断题。从第三段最后三句 Using this, it is able to sew the electrode threads
into place with a precision that avoids any blood tubes in the area, which reduces the
risk of damage during surgery. The robot can put the interface in place in less than an
hour. General anesthesia ( 麻醉 ) is not needed for the procedure.中可以看出使用机器人的
好处(精确地将电极线缝合到位、降低手术风险、时间短、不需要全身麻醉)。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第五句和第六句 Besides epilepsy(癫痫) prevention, such
brain stimulation might also work to treat depression. More importantly in the long run, it
is also essential to Musk's vision of widespread engagement between people and machines.
(除了预防癫痫,这种脑刺激也可以治疗抑郁症。从长远来看,更重要的是,这也是马斯克的人
与机器之间广泛接触的愿景所必不可少的。)可知,脑刺激对人机交互至关重要。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句 He more or less single-handedly introduced
battery-electric cars to the market and he built a successful space-rocket business out of
nothing. Brains are a lot more complicated than cars, and even than rocket science. But
do not bet against the coming into being at some point of the Musk vision of brains and
computers working together directly.(他或多或少是单枪匹马地将纯电动汽车推入市场,白手
起家建立了一个成功的航天火箭企业。大脑比汽车复杂得多,甚至比火箭科学复杂得多。但
不要打赌去反对马斯克的对于人脑和计算机直接协同合作的愿景会在某个时刻出现。)可以
看出,作者对马斯克的评价是积极的。
Passage 32 词数 481
Lessons in the Lost Art of Listening
When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time
someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener.
The typical response was a blank stare.
Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them,
preferring texts or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or
activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking,
but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of
sounds of modern life also stops us from listening.
Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves
paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what
context, and how what they say is related to you. It's not about merely holding your
peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do
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with how you respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another
person's thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.
Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert
attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn't you agree...?” or “Don't you
think...?” These questions have strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other
person to change his or her view. And you'd better stay away from some personal
questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live
in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or for
the story behind a piece of jewelry they're wearing. Also good are expansive questions,
such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that
when people who don't know each other well ask each other this type of question, they
feel more connected than if they spend time together achieving a task.
Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the
tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people's attention is
easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already
know what the other person is going to say.
The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations.
Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers,
even when they don't ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend
to in life. The gentle voice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form
and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of
the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.
1.One of the factors that influence listening is that .
A.our confidence in listening is decreasing
B.our speech creates a lot of noise around us
C.listening skills are seldom taught in school
D.texting causes a better effect than phone calls
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.Why the art of listening gets lost by itself.
B.Why effective methods are used in listening.
C.How people make themselves well understood.
D.How people can reclaim the lost art of listening.
3.According to the author, what should people do when they are listening?
A.Avoid being absent-minded.
B.Come up with curious questions.
C.Focus on the speaker's personal information.
D.Try to find common interests with the speaker.
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Listening and speaking deserve equal attention.
B.Good listeners maximize the benefits for themselves.
C.Bad listening ultimately contributes to people's failure.
D.Listeners' clear mind facilitates speakers' expression of thoughts.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是良好的人际关系与社会交往。文
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章强调了倾听的重要性,提出了影响倾听的因素以及一个好的倾听者应该做什么。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or
activities that teach careful listening.可知,倾听的技巧很少在学校里被教授。
2.D 主旨要义题。根据第三段第二句It also involves paying attention to how they say it
and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is
related to you.(它还包括关注他们是如何说的、他们在说的时候做了什么、在什么样的语境
下以及他们说的话是如何与你有关系的。)可知,本段主要阐述了如何倾听,即倾听的艺术。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句 They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert
attention.可知,A项(避免心不在焉)符合题意。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句 Researchers have found that attentive listeners
receive more information from speakers, even when they don't ask any questions.以及最后
一段最后一句And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of
the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.可知,好的倾听者能最大限
度地为自己带来好处。
Passage 33 词数 467
Bright Nights, Big Problems
Astronomers rate the darkness of our skies on a range of 9 (brightest) to 1 (darkest),
and most of us spend our lives in the light of levels 5 to 8. All over the globe our
nights are growing brighter, and almost nowhere are they growing darker. Studies
increasingly link our overuse of light at night with health concerns such as sleep disorders
and diseases. Other studies report the damaging ecological consequences and the big waste
of energy. But the steady loss of darkness from our lives is not easily measured, for the
true value of darkness is something we are barely aware of.
Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human
experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the
universe. This experience influenced their beliefs—their very understanding of their place
in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted by light. We live
under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape
us, it is the absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We
are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don't even know what
we are missing.
Our Milky Way galaxy (星系) is home to several hundred billion stars, and the
universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of
stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all
things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know
how insignificant we really are. But we also realize the true largeness of our living on
this planet, and realize that we have an enormous responsibility to care, that there is no
other place to go, that home is here.
“Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American naturalist.
Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and
they work constantly to create their city's atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light
with darkness. And with night's moonlit geography, its smells of desert rain and autumn
fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a bird's call on a lake, natural darkness has
many offerings of its own.
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Yet we are completely involved in artificial light. Much of this lighting is wholly
unnecessary, born of habit and lack of awareness. So let us become aware:simply by
keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our
body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our
lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.
1.The author suggests that because of light pollution we .
A.tend to come face to face with the universe
B.need a lot of imagination to understand the universe
C.are considerably less creative than our ancient ancestors were
D.experience the world in a different way to previous generations
2.What does the author think about humans in Paragraph 3?
A.We have an overconfident belief in our own value.
B.We behave as if nothing exists apart from ourselves.
C.We ignore the requirement of looking after our planet.
D.We avoid thinking too deeply about our role on Earth.
3.Why does the author include references to rain, fires and wildlife?
A.To illustrate the boring life at night without artificial light.
B.To explain why people think lighting is necessary at night.
C.To provide an example of the attractive qualities of night-time.
D.To highlight the differences between urban and natural environments.
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author is .
A.clear about the reasons why artificial light is essential
B.dissatisfied with people's lack of interest in artificial light
C.willing to draw comparisons between artificial light and darkness
D.hopeful that people will become aware of the negative impact of lights
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容是地球与宇宙奥秘探索。地球现在
的夜晚越来越亮,这对地球生态造成了破坏,人们没有意识到夜晚真正的价值。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part
of the common human experience...This experience influenced their beliefs—their very
understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are
polluted by light...Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the
universe around us that influences our beliefs to create...可知,作者认为光污染使我们体验
世界的方式与前几代人不一样。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句 A sky with a large number of stars
encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all
things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know
how insignificant we really are .可知,作者认为人类对自己的价值过于自信。
3.C 推理判断题。作者在文章开头就提出我们没有意识到夜晚真正的价值(the true value
of darkness),因此作者提到这些内容的目的是举例说明夜晚迷人的魅力。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句 Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality
that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.
可推知,作者愿意将人造光与黑暗进行比较。
Passage 34 词数 365
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Humans have a habit of delaying their own progress. From coffee to refrigerators to
genetically changed food, history is filled with innovations that caused resistance before
they become necessity in everyday life. Calestous Juma, a professor of Harvard University,
explores this phenomenon in his latest book, Innovation and Its Enemies:Why People
Resist New Technologies.
Among Juma's claims is that people do not fear innovation simply because the
technology is new, but because innovation often means losing a piece of their identity or
lifestyle, and separating people from nature or their sense of purpose.
Juma identified in his research three key sources of opposition to innovation:those
with commercial interests in existing products, those who identify with existing products,
and those who might lose power as a result of change. The first group is perhaps the
most obvious. Many industries have been affected by innovation. Just take a look at the
pointless efforts of music publishers to stop the change to digital music. Some consumers
might oppose an innovation because the existing product is deeply rooted in their identity,
culture or customs. The British preferred teatime at home to sitting in a coffee shop, for
example. Finally, the rise of new technologies can also result in a change redistributing
wealth and influence away from some groups, and toward others. The expansion of
harvesters and other mechanical equipment reduced the need for farm labor, and the
change in population away from rural areas had significant political consequence.
Humans make decisions about new innovations with their instinct (直觉) rather than
evidence. Opponents and enthusiasts of a new technology will often make shocking claims
to support their arguments. Juma said beneath those arguments was typically obvious
concern about new technologies, rather than a reasoned response. Juma said, “People see
a new product and there is an emotional reaction to that product because it challenges
their outlook on the world. This has been the story with almost every new product.”
Historically, technologists have been more concerned with the functionality of the
products they create, paying less attention to the consequence it may have on society at
large, Juma claims. Fortunately, that may be starting to change.
1.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, what is the key reason why people resist innovation?
A.The reliability of the existing technologies.
B.The difficulties of mastering new technologies.
C.The concern over the development of technologies.
D.The fear for the changes caused by new technologies.
2.What is the author's attitude to people's opposition to innovation?
A.Uncertain. B.Disapproving.
C.Supportive. D.Neutral.
3.What does the passage imply?
A.Technologies' effect on society should be valued.
B.The use of new products reduces the need for labor.
C.Enthusiasts of the technologies are more reasonable.
D.The functionality of new products causes more worries.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科技发展。哈佛大学教授
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Calestous Juma在他的新书中分析一些人们抵制创新的原因,在这些争论的背后,通常是对新
技术的担忧,而不是理性的回应。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段Among Juma's claims is that people do not fear innovation
simply because the technology is new, but because innovation often means losing a piece
of their identity or lifestyle, and separating people from nature or their sense of purpose.
及 第 三 段 中 的 Juma identified in his research three key sources of opposition to
innovation:those with commercial interests in existing products, those who identify with
existing products, and those who might lose power as a result of change.可知,人们抵制创
新的关键原因是对新技术带来的变化有所担忧。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句 Humans have a habit of delaying their
own progress. From coffee to refrigerators to genetically changed food, history is filled
with innovations that caused resistance before they become necessity in everyday life.及第
四段第一句Humans make decisions about new innovations with their instinct (直觉) rather
than evidence.可推知,作者对于人们反对创新、阻碍创新,持有不赞成的态度。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段Historically, technologists have been more concerned with
the functionality of the products they create, paying less attention to the consequence it
may have on society at large, Juma claims. Fortunately, that may be starting to change.可
推知,作者在这篇文章中暗示了应该更加关注和重视技术对社会造成的影响。
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