ARTICLE · 1098864
人教版高中英语选择性必修一Unit1 People of Achievement 必备知识清单
人教版选择性必修一

一、词性转换
1. sum (vi./n.) 总结;概括;总额 ➟ summary (n.) 总结
2. physiology (n.) 生理学 ➟ physiological (adj.) 生理学的 ➟ physiologically (adv.) 在生理学方面
3. committed (adj.) 尽心尽力的;坚定的 ➟ commit (vt./vi.) 承诺;忠于;投入;犯错 ➟ commitment (n.) 承诺;奉献
4. academy (n.) 研究院;学会;专科院校 ➟ academic (adj.) 学业的;学术的
5. botanical (adj.) 植物学的 ➟ botany (n.) 植物学 ➟ botanist (n.) 植物学家
6. evaluate (vt.) 评价;评估 ➟ evaluation (n.) 评价;评估
7. distinct (adj.) 清晰的;有区别的 ➟ distinction (n.) 区别;杰出
8. acknowledge (vt.) 承认;感谢 ➟ acknowledged (adj.)公认的 ➟ acknowledgement (n.)承认;谢意
9. analyse (vt.) 分析 ➟ analysis (n.) 分析
10. apparent (adj.) 显而易见的 ➟ apparently (adv.) 显然;看来
11. scientific (adj.) 科学的 ➟ science (n.) 科学 ➟ scientist (n.) 科学家
12. conclude (vt./vi.) 推断;结束 ➟ conclusion (n.) 结论;推论
13. politics (n.) 政治 ➟ politician (n.) 政治家;政客 ➟ political (adj.) 政治的
14. relative (adj.) 相对的 ➟ relativity (n.) 相对性;相对论 ➟ relatively (adv.) 相对地 ➟ relatives (n.) 亲属
15. gentle (adj.) 温柔的;文静的 ➟ gently (adv.) 轻轻地;温和地 ➟ gentleness (n.) 温顺;亲切
16. gradual (adj.) 逐渐的 ➟ gradually (adv.) 逐渐地;逐步地
17. consequence (n.) 结果;后果 ➟ consequent (adj.)随之发生的 ➟ consequently (adv.)因此;结果
18. remarkable (adj.) 非凡的;显著的 ➟ remark (n.)评论;言论 ➟ remarkably (adv.)显著地;非常
19. passion (n.) 激情;酷爱 ➟ passionate (adj.) 热情的
20. encounter (vt./n.) 偶遇;遭遇 无变形
二、重点单词
1. vital (adj.) 必不可少的,极其重要的;充满生机的
(1) be of vital importance 至关重要
(2) be vital to/for 对......至关重要
(3) It is vital that... 至关重要的是......(从句用(should) do虚拟语气)
2. committed (adj.) 尽心尽力的,坚定的
(1) commit a crime 犯罪
(2) commit sth to sth 把某物投入某事
(3) commit an hour to reading English 抽出一小时阅读英语
(4) commit oneself to doing sth = make a commitment to doing sth 承诺做某事
(5) be committed to doing sth 致力于/尽力做某事
3. distinct (adj.) 清晰的;有区别的
(1) It is distinct that... 很明显......
(2) make a distinction 区分;区别对待
(3) make no distinction 没有区别
(4) distinction between...and... ......与......之间的区别
4. obtain (vt.) (经努力)获得;获准;通行
(1) obtain one’s permission 征得某人许可
(2) obtain admission to... 获准进入......
5. acknowledge (vt.) 承认;公开致谢
(1) acknowledge doing sth 承认做过某事
(2) acknowledge that从句 承认......
(3) acknowledge sb/sth as/to be... 承认......为......
(4) It is universally acknowledged that... 众所周知......
6. defeat (n.) 失败 / (vt.) 击败
(1) admit/accept/face defeat 接受失败
(2) a narrow defeat 惜败;a heavy defeat 惨败
7. apparent (adj.) 显而易见的
(1) It is apparent that... 显而易见的是......
8. insist (vt./vi.) 坚持;坚决要求
(1) insist on doing sth 坚决要求做某事
(2) insist that sb (should) do sth 坚决要求某人做某事(虚拟语气)
9. conclusion (n.) 结论;结尾
(1) draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论
(2) jump to conclusions 草率下结论
(3) bring...to a conclusion 使......落幕
(4) to conclude 最后;总而言之
(5) conclude with... 以......收尾
10. circumstance (n.) 环境;条件
(1) in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下
(2) if circumstances allow 如若条件允许
(3) in/under no circumstances 绝不(置于句首主句倒装)
11. genius (n.) 天才;天赋
(1) a genius at doing sth 做某事的天才
(2) have a genius for doing sth 有做某事的天赋
12. passion (n.) 激情;酷爱
(1) with passion 满怀激情地
(2) arouse one’s passion 激发某人热情
(3) be filled with passion 充满激情
(4) have a passion for 酷爱......
13. consequence (n.) 后果;结果
(1) as a consequence = as a result 因此
(2) as a consequence of = as a result of 由于......
(3) face/take the consequences of sth 承担某事后果
(4) of little consequence 无关紧要的
14. encounter (vt./n.) 偶遇;邂逅
同义替换:come across / run across
15. sum (vi./n.) 概括;金额
(1) to sum up 总而言之
(2) a large sum of money 一大笔钱
(3) sum up 总结;概括
三、重点短语
1. millions of 数百万;成千上万
2. lead to 导致;通向
3. die from/of 死于
4. commit oneself to doing sth 承诺做某事
5. in the beginning 起初
6. a collection of 一批;一堆
7. by chance 偶然;意外地
8. more than 超过;不仅仅
9. insist on 坚决要求;坚持
10. due to 由于;归因于
11. be able to 能够
12. in fact 事实上
13. risk one’s life 冒生命危险
14. take up 拿起;接受;开始从事
15. come to power 上台;开始掌权
16. as a consequence 因此;结果
17. take up a position 任职;担任职位
18.stand 系列短语
stand up to 经受住;抵抗
stand up for 支持;维护
stand for 代表;象征
stand by 袖手旁观;支持;信守(承诺)
stand out 突出;脱颖而出
19.power 拓展短语
be in power 执政(状态)
beyond one’s power 力所不及
within one’s power 在能力范围内
20. take 短语
take up 占用(时间/空间);开始从事;接受
take apart 拆开;拆解
take in 吸收;理解;收留;欺骗
take off 起飞;脱下;走红;休假
take on 承担;雇佣;呈现
take over 接管;接任
take notice of 注意到
四、重点句式
1.On/upon +(n./ving) 是介词短语,表示“一......就......”作时间状语
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine....”
获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我......”
On/upon hearing it, you will never forget it.
一旦看到它,你就永远不会忘记它。
总结“一......就......”的其他表达法:
(1)Hardly/scarcely...when.../ no sooner....than...(注意:当hardly, Scarcely, no sooner than 位于句首时,主句用部分倒装结构,从句不用倒装)
(2)一看见、听见......at the sight/sound of
(3)名词作连词、后跟句子 the moment/minute/instant/second+句子
(4)副词用作连词,后跟句子:immediately/instantly/directly+句子
(5)as soon as
2.It is an honor for sb/sth to do sth 对某人、某物来说做某事是个荣耀。
It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播,确实是一个荣誉。
It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.
我很荣幸能站在这里演讲。
3.It strikes sb that....某人突然想到......
某人突然想到......的其他表达方式:
sth occurs to sb/sth hits sb/sth strikes sb/
It occurs to sb that...
It hit sb that ...
4.As though/if 从句(虚拟语气)
He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
他胡须浓密,头发又长又白,有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
注意:as if/though 从句用虚拟语气
从句用一般过去时(与现在事实相反)
从句用过去完成时(过去事实相反)
从句用would/ could/ might do形式(与将来的事实相反)
句式仿写
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it(好像是我干的)?
He treats his elder sister as though she were a stranger.(好像她是一个陌生人)。