ARTICLE · 1250028
高中英语语法重难点总结(附解析+例句)
高中英语语法重难点总结(附解析+例句)说明：优先高考高频考点，讲清核心规则、易错点，例句简洁适合背诵 ✅ 核心：过去动作，对现在有影响；动作从过去持续到现在，不和明确过去时间点（yesterday, last week）连用；常搭配：already, yet, since, for, so far, in the past few years 例句：I have finished my homework. 解析：作业是过去做完的，结果是现在不用写了。 ⚠️ 易错：have been to（去过，已回来）；have gone to（去了，还没回） 例句：He has been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。 ✅ 核心：持续做，强调一直在做，可能还在继续 例句：I have been reading this book for three days. 解析：这三天一直在读，现在还没读完。 ✅ 核心：过去的过去，两个过去动作，先发生的用had done 例句：When I arrived, the train had left. 解析：火车离开（先发生）→我到达（后发生），都是过去。 ✅ 核心：主语是动作承受者；不及物动词（happen, appear, take place, break out）无被动 例句：A lot of trees are planted every year.（一般现在被动） 例句：The letter was sent yesterday.（一般过去被动） ⚠️ 易错：感官动词、使役动词 see/hear/make sb do，变被动要加to： He made me cry. → I was made to cry. 非谓语三种形式：to do / doing / done，一句话只能有一个谓语动词，其余动词变非谓语 固定搭配：want to do, decide to do, refuse to do； 例句：He came here to see me.（表目的） ⚠️ only to do：不料，结果（意外） He hurried to the station, only to find the train had gone. - 动名词：作主语、宾语；enjoy/practise/avoid/mind/finish/suggest + doing 例句：I enjoy listening to music. - 现在分词：主动、进行；作状语 例句：Walking along the street, I saw many flowers.（=When I walked…主动） 例句：Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful.（=If it is seen…被动） ✅ 非谓语判断口诀：先看主被动，再看先后 - 主动进行 → doing - 被动完成 → done - 将来/目的 → to do ⚠️ 高频难点：独立主格（非谓语自带逻辑主语，和主句主语不一致） The meeting being over, we went home. 解析：meeting是being over的主语，和主句主语we不同，独立主格。 引导词：that（无含义，不做成分，宾语从句可省）；whether/if（是否）；wh-词（what/who/where/when等，要在从句充当成分） ✅ 区分重点：what vs that - what 在从句做主/宾，有含义“…的事/东西” 例句：What he said is true.（what作said宾语，不能用that） - that不作成分，无词义 例句：That he will come is certain.（that只起连接） ✅ whether 和 if：介词后、不定式前、or not前面只用whether 例句：I don’t know whether he will come or not. ✅ 同位语从句 vs 定语从句 同位语从句：that不做成分，解释前面名词内容 The news that our team won is true.（消息内容：我们队赢了） 定语从句：that要充当主语/宾语 The news that he told me is true.（that作told宾语） 先行词 + 关系词（关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose；关系副词：when/where/why） - that：人+物；只能用that的情况：先行词不定代词、最高级、序数词、人和物共用 - which：只指物；非限制性定语从句只用which，不能that 例句：He has a sister, who works in a hospital.（逗号，非限定，不能that） - whose：表所属，“…的” The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate. 判断方法：把先行词放回从句，需要加介词 → 用关系副词 例句：I remember the day when we met.（we met on the day → on which=when） ⚠️ 易错：介词+which结构 This is the house in which he lived. = where he lived 9大类，高考重点：时间、条件、让步、原因 While I was reading, my mother came in. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the trip. Although he is young, he knows a lot.（❌ although…but） 核心：推测用法（高考最爱考） He must be at home, for the light is on.（现在肯定推测） It can’t be true. - must have done：过去一定做了 You must have seen him yesterday. - can’t have done：过去不可能做 - should have done：本应该做（实际没做，含责备） You should have told me earlier. - needn’t have done：本不必做（但做了） 两类：部分倒装（助动词提前，主语放后面）、完全倒装 ✅ 否定词放句首：never, seldom, little, hardly, not only, by no means Seldom do I go out at night. 正常语序：I seldom go out at night. ✅ only+状语放句首 Only in this way can you solve the problem. ✅ so/such…that 如此…以至于 So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up. ✅ 虚拟条件句省略if倒装：were/had/should提前 Had I known it, I would have told you. (=If I had known…) Here comes the bus.（⚠️ 主语是代词不倒装：Here it comes.） 核心：和事实相反，动词“往过去退一格” 虚拟时间 从句 主句 现在相反 did/were would/could/might do 过去相反 had done would/could/might have done 将来相反 did / should do / were to do would do 例句（现在虚拟）：If I were you, I would take the chance.（我不是你） 例句（过去虚拟）：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（当初没努力，没通过） ✅ 特殊虚拟： I wish I were a bird.（现在虚拟） I wish I had gone there.（过去虚拟） It’s high time that we left. He suggested that we (should) start at once. ⚠️ insist表“坚持认为（事实）”不用虚拟：He insisted that he was right. 三大原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致 Not only you but also he likes music.（看靠近谓语的he） Tom together with his friends is coming.（主语Tom） 看成整体→单数；看成里面一个个成员→复数 My family is a big one.（整体） My family like travelling.（家人） Two thirds of the land is wet.（land不可数→单数） - a/an：泛指一个；an用于元音音素开头（不是元音字母！an hour, a university） - the：特指；独一无二；序数词、最高级前；乐器前 play the piano ✔；play football ❌（球类零冠词） ⚠️ 固定搭配： in hospital 住院；in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病） at table 在吃饭；at the table 在桌边 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who +剩余句子 ✅ 去掉It is…that，句子依然完整 It was yesterday that I met Tom. 还原：I met Tom yesterday. ⚠️ 强调人可用who，其余一律that；不能强调谓语 状语从句省略条件：从句主语=主句主语，且从句含be动词，可省主语+be When (he was) asked, he kept silent. 高考语法优先级排序（复习顺序建议）
