2026 年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷）
英语
（考试时间：120 分钟 试卷满分：140 分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡
皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10 题, 每题1 分；第11-20 题，每题1.5 分；共25 分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each
conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken
only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,
and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．
A．David.
B．James.
C．Peter.
D．John.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Hey, James. Where are you going?
M: I am going to reserve a conference room. Peter is coming to give us a lecture on climate change. And Professor
John and his assistant David are coming to introduce their new book too.
Q: Who will come to talk about the change of climate？
2．
A．Have a meeting.
B．Travel to Beijing.
C．Dine with Mr. Kim.
D．Discuss their program.
【答案】A
【原文】W: What about our program for tomorrow?
M: Let me see. A staff meeting at 9:00 in the morning. Lunch with Mr. Kim, the new sales manager. And then a trip
to Shanghai at 4:00 in the afternoon.
Q: What are the speakers going to do tomorrow morning?
3．
A．Husband and wife.
B．Father and daughter.
C．Manager and secretary.
D．Salesman and customer.
【答案】C
【原文】M: Alice, these business letters are full of spelling mistakes.
W: Oh, sorry, Mr. Martin. I will do it again.
Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?
4．
A．To write a program.
B．To listen to a radio program.
C．To read a book about radio.
D．To talk about a radio program.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Are there any assignments for Wednesday?
W: Nothing to read or write. But we’re supposed to listen to a radio program and be ready to talk about it in class.
Q: What have the students been asked to do on Wednesday?
5．
A．The woman will go to the airport by taxi.
B．The woman is asking the man for help.
C．The woman really likes taking buses.
D．The woman's car has broken down.
【答案】D
【原文】M: How are you getting to the airport?
W: Well, I haven’t really got any choice. I have to take the bus. My car is at the garage getting repaired and a taxi is
just too expensive.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
6．
A．He also thinks Tina looks great.
B．He doesn’t agree with the woman.
C．He doesn’t like Tina’s silver dress.
D．He thinks Tina should get a new dress.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Tina looks great in that silver dress, doesn’t she?
M: I can’t agree with you more.
Q: What does the man mean?
7．
A．She moved to Washington when she was young.
B．She will show the man around Washington.
C．She will ask someone else to help the man.
D．She can provide little useful information.
【答案】D
【原文】M: I need to talk to someone who knows Washington well. I’m told you lived there.
W: Oh, but I was really young at that time.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8．
A．He can speak French.
B．He can read French books.
C．He knows nothing about French.
D．He knows both English and French.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Wow! You’re reading a French book. I didn’t know you can speak French.
M: I don’t. I’m just looking at the pictures.
Q: What does the man imply?
9．
A．She showed no interest in any news about exams at all.
B．She couldn't believe that the news about James was true.
C．She felt sorry for James' being caught cheating by teachers.
D．She thought James shouldn't have cheated in the final exam.
【答案】D
【原文】M: Have you heard the news that James cheated in the final exam?
W: He should be ashamed of what he did.
Q: What’s the woman’s attitude?
10．
A．The article was actually longer.
B．The article was not good enough.
C．His publishing career has just begun.
D．He didn’t know his article was published.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Henry, your article in the campus newspaper was excellent.
M: I only wish they had published the entire thing.
Q: What can we learn from Henry’s response?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked
several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer
conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the
four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
11．A．In the mid-nineteenth century.
B．In the late nineteenth century.
C．In the mid-eighteenth century.
D．In the late eighteenth century.
12．A．Because Chinese cooks made it less spicy.
B．Because Chop Suey was introduced in America.
C．Because Chinese food was altered to suit American tastes.
D．Because Chinese immigrants had made themselves accepted.
13．A．It was first cooked to help miners get over cold weather.
B．Some hungry miners requested a new dish to be served.
C．A chef used the wrong recipes and produced it by chance.
D．A chef created the dish from the leftovers for some miners.
【答案】11．A 12．C 13．D
【原文】
Today, Chinese Americans make up less than 1% of the U.S. population, but roughly a third of all ethnic
restaurants in the U.S. are “Chinese,” and every supermarket carries a line of “Chinese” food. It started with the
gold rush of 1849. As thousands of Chinese streamed into California in search of gold, hundreds of thousands of
Chinese migrated to the United States. By 1882, when Congress cut down on Chinese immigration, there were
more than 300,000 Chinese nationals living on the West Coast. Most came from Guangdong Province. So most
Chinese restaurants served Cantonese-style food. In Cantonese cuisine, very little goes to waste: nearly every part
of an animal that can be eaten is used in one dish or another. Chinese cooks, however, quickly learned to modify
their dishes to make them better received by a wider American audience. The result was a Chinese-American
cuisine that looked and tasted Chinese, but was actually invented in the U.S. and was unknown in China. A good
example of a Chinese-American dish is Chop Suey. No one knows for sure when it was invented, or how it got its
name. It likely started in 1850 when a bunch of hungry miners made their way into a Chinese restaurant late at
night and demanded to be fed. The chef just stirred all the remains he could find left over on the table into a big
mess and served it. The miners loved it. When they asked what it was, the chef replied “chop suey,” which means
“rubbish bits” in Cantonese. The dish remained virtually unheard of in China until after World War II. Today, it’s
advertised as American cuisine. Well, what other contributions have immigrants made to American cuisine?
Questions:
When did Chinese food first catch on in America?
Why did Americans come to accept Chinese food?
What was the origin of Chop Suey, according to the passage?
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．He was more intelligent than others.
B．He had a closer touch with the river.
C．He was quite ambitious at a young age.
D．He was cut off from the outside world.
15．A．It is full of hopes and opportunities.
B．It is well known for the poetic beauty.
C．It is connected with poverty and hunger.
D．It has a great reputation for its great poets.
16．A．It is something inherited from his ancestors.
B．It reminds him of his childhood memories.
C．It concerns his daily life in the village.
D．It provides material for his writing.
【答案】14．C 15．C 16．D
【原文】
When I was young, I was ashamed to admit I came from a remote village, yet I lacked the courage to claim I
was from a city. So I usually said simply that I came from an outlying township. Now I must tell the truth that I was
born in an isolated village. Let me start from the banks of a humble river where my life began and which is the true
source of my writing. My fellow villagers live in an environment completely cut off from the outside world. I know
their lives only too well. If I had not had a distant dream from a very young age, I would have shared their fate. All
my memories of a joyful childhood and the pains of growing up are intertwined with the river. She keeps all of my
secrets. I cannot agree with people who praise the poetic beauty of the countryside. I cannot agree with them
because I know, in reality, life in the countryside is all about poverty and hunger. Of course, I was blessed to be
born in that remote village, and to spend my childhood by the clear river. Looking back at my path from the village
gives rise to a complicated happiness. The river has played an important role in my childhood because it gave me a
unique life experience as if it was preparing me for my literary journey. Whatever life has given me –– be in
poverty, hunger, misfortune or tragedy –– for me, they are treasures. I will be forever grateful for, and feel blessed
by, these treasures.
Questions:
1. What distinguished the speaker from his fellow villagers?
2. What does the speaker think of the countryside?
3. Why is the river so important for the speaker?
Questions 17 through 20 are bused on the following conversation.
17．A．Friends.
B．Brother and sister.
C．Husband and wife.
D．Estate agent and customer.
18．A．The size of the garage.
B．The color of the house.
C．The design of the house.
D．The number of the bedrooms.
19．A．The house has four bedrooms.
B．All the bedrooms are very small.
C．All the bedrooms are on the second floor.
D．The master bedroom has an attached bathroom.
20．A．Look at more pictures of the house.
B．Find out the problems that the house has.
C．Go to have a look at the house personally.
D．Call the agent and get the house right now.
【答案】17．C 18．B 19．D 20．C
【原文】W: The real estate agent called today. She said she had a house and wanted to show us around it.
M: Did she give you the details?
W: Yes, she said we could look at a few pictures of the house online.
M: Let’s have a look. Is this the right website?
W: Yes ... Oh, there we go. Wow! It’s beautiful! I love the design.
M: I don’t really like the color of the house.
W: We can paint it another color.
M: All right. I like the size of the garage. We could probably hold both of our cars and still have room for a small
workshop.
W: And look at the yard! There are so many trees and flowers. And of course, there is plenty of room for our sons
to play.
M: Let’s see ... Here is a picture of the master bedroom. It’s a bit small, but it does have an attached bathroom,
which I like.
W: You’re right. It is a bit small. How about the other bedrooms?
M: There are two other bedrooms on the same floor. It looks like there is an unfurnished basement as well.
W: And the kitchen! I love the open kitchen! I love it! I think we should get it!
M: Let’s take a look at it in person before we get too excited. You never know what problems it might have.
W: That’s true. I’ll call the agent and see if we can take a look at it tomorrow.
Questions：
17. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
18. What is the man dissatisfied with?
19. What do we know about the bedrooms of the house?
20. What does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation?
II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1 分；共20 分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（新题材）Reverse Culture Shock Is Real
Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the
customs or language differences I 21 (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the
U.S.
In Denmark and the other countries I visited, 22 (not understand) every word around me became
strangely comforting. There was a quiet peace in not having to process every conversation, not being subjected to
endless chatter. What struck me deeply was 23 English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of
the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of.
Then came the noise. 24 I had gotten used to the peacefulness, New York felt like a mixture of loud
unpleasant sounds. Shouting is literally everywhere—it felt like everyone was always 25 a rush to fill the air
with sound. It felt disturbing, especially when I 26 (throw) into chaos after months of peace.
The hardest part wasn’t just adjusting to the noise, but the lack of agreement between my excitement to talk
about my experiences and the blank stares I received in return. I longed 27 (share), but it felt like no one
really understood. Only my fellow study-abroad friends could relate, and their sympathy was a comfort.
The biggest change, though, was internal. I had once been set on a future in cardiothoracic surgery (心胸外
科手术), 28 (convince) that medical school was my calling. Yet, living in Scandinavia shifted my
perspective. Now, I’m researching global health. Life, 29 it happens, has a way of changing direction when
you least expect it. Sometimes, the best opportunities come from saying yes to 30 unexpected, from
stepping outside your comfort zone—and the people and experiences you meet along the way make it all worth it.
【答案】
21．had expected 22．not understanding 23．that 24．After 25．in 26．was thrown
27．to share 28．convinced 29．as 30．the
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从国外留学归来后经历的文化冲击，包括对噪音的不适应、
与他人交流经历时的落差以及自身内心的变化等。
21．考查时态。句意：最初的冲击并非来自于我在国外所预期的风俗或语言差异——当我回到美国的日常
生活时，它就出现了。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，expect 这个动作发生在 “was” 之前，即过去的过去，
所以要用过去完成时。故填had expected。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：在丹麦和我去过的其他国家，听不懂周围的每一个字却奇怪地让人感到安慰。
not understanding every word around me 是动名词短语作主语，表示一种行为或状态。故填not
understanding。
23．考查表语从句。句意：让我深感震惊的是，当英语再次围绕着我时，那种熟悉感是一种持续的反映，
而我却没有意识到自己已经对这种熟悉感到厌倦了。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，
所以用 that 引导。故填that。
24．考查连词。句意：在我习惯了宁静之后，纽约感觉就像各种嘈杂刺耳声音的混合体。这里表示在作者
习惯了宁静之后才感觉到纽约的嘈杂，所以用 after 引导时间状语从句。首字母大写。故填After。
25．考查介词。句意：到处都有人在喊叫 —— 感觉好像每个人总是匆匆忙忙地让空气中充满声音。“in
a rush” 是固定短语，意为 “匆匆忙忙”。故填in。
26．考查时态和语态。句意：尤其是在经历了几个月的平静之后，我被抛入混乱之中，这让我感到不安。
空处为从句的谓语动词，“I”和 “throw”之间是被动关系，且这里描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去
时的被动语态。故填was thrown。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：我渴望分享，但感觉好像没有人真正理解。“long to do sth.” 是固定搭配，
意为 “渴望做某事”。故填to share。
28．考查形容词。句意：我曾经一心想在心胸外科领域发展，深信医学院是我的使命所在。“be convinced
that...”为固定用法，本句为形容词作状语。故填convinced。
29．考查连词。句意：正如所发生的那样，生活在你最意想不到的时候会改变方向。“as it happens” 是固
定用法，意为 “正如所发生的那样”，as 引导方式状语从句。故填as。
30．考查冠词。句意：有时候，最好的机会来自于对意外之事说 “是”，来自于走出你的舒适区。“the
+ 形容词” 表示一类事物，这里 “the unexpected” 表示 “意外的事情”。故填the。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．commutes B．incidental C． boundary D．cloud E. contemporary F.
straight G. fueled H. facilitate I. capitalize J. presence K. exploit
（社会热点）Imagine walking into a bright office tower ten years aga: the hum of desktop computers and
the sight of employees chained to their desks for eight 31 hours. The day begins at 9 and ends at 5, and
productivity is measured by 32 , not output. Fast forward to today: the office has no assigned desks, and
the workspace exists as much on telecommuting tools as it does in the building. Work has evolved, and with it, so
has the very definition of where and how we work. Welcome to the age of the workspace — where flexibility,
adaptability, and innovation are to redefine what productivity looks like.
The rise of digital technologies, coupled with globalization, started to 33 the lines between work
and location. Remote communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from
anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place. The geographical 34 is
fading away. Remote work, once considered an exception, has become a mainstream practice.
Remote work, the practice of carrying out professional responsibilities outside the traditional office, has
emerged as a game-changer in modern work culture. Greatly 35 by technological advancements,
particularly the multiplication of cooperative tools, remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to
becoming a vital component of the 36 work style.
The rise of remote work lies in several factors. Rapid globalization has made it possible for teams to
collaborate closely across time zones and continents. Technological innovations have birthed multiple digital
platforms that 37 effective communication and project management from a distance. Organizations are
increasingly recognizing the value of offering flexible work arrangements, contributing to the rise of remote work.
The advantages of remote work extend to benefit employees as well. The employee experience is not merely
38 . It is fundamental to how organizations shape the productivity and well-being of their teams. Today’s
employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords, allowing for improved work-life
balance and the removal of time-consuming 39 . Employers, on the other hand, can 40 on
reduced overhead costs and the ability to tap into the global talent pool, making the retaining of specialized talents
more feasible than ever before.
【答案】
31．F 32．J 33．D 34．C 35．G 36．E 37．H 38．B 39．A 40．I
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今工作形式发生了变化，远程工作越来越普遍和受欢迎的现
象。
31．考查形容词。句意：想象一下，十年前走进一座明亮的办公大楼：台式电脑嗡嗡作响，员工们连续八
个小时被拴在办公桌前。根据“employees chained to their desks for eight”以及句意“连续”可知应用形容词
straight，修饰名词hour，作定语。故选F。
32．考查名词。句意：一天从9 点开始到5 点结束，效率是通过出勤而不是产出来衡量的。根据“The day
begins at 9 and ends at 5”以及句意“出勤”可知应用名词presence，作宾语，故选J。
33．考查动词。句意：数字技术的兴起，加上全球化，开始模糊工作和地点之间的界限。根据“Remote
communication tools and mobile devices have empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the
concept that productivity is tied to a specific place.(远程通信工具和移动设备使员工能够在任何地方工作，挑
战了生产力与特定地点联系在一起的概念)”以及句意“模糊”可知应用动词cloud，不定式作宾语，故选
D。
34．考查名词。句意：地理界限正在消失。根据“Remote communication tools and mobile devices have
empowered employees to work from anywhere, challenging the concept that productivity is tied to a specific place.
(远程通信工具和移动设备使员工能够在任何地方工作，挑战了生产力与特定地点联系在一起的概念)”以及
句意“界限”可知应用名词boundary，作主语，故选C。
35．考查动词。句意：在技术进步的大力推动下，特别是协作工具的增加，远程工作已经从仅仅是一种趋
势转变为当代工作方式的一个重要组成部分。根据“by technological advancements, particularly the
multiplication of cooperative tools”以及句意“推动”可知应用过去分词fueled，作状语，和主语是被动关系。
故选G。
36．考查形容词。句意：在技术进步的大力推动下，特别是协作工具的增加，远程工作已经从仅仅是一种
趋势转变为当代工作方式的一个重要组成部分。根据“remote work has transferred from being a mere trend to
becoming a vital component of the”以及句意“当代”可知应用形容词contemporary，修饰名词style，作定语，
故选E。
37．考查动词。句意：技术创新催生了多种数字平台，促进了远程有效沟通和项目管理。根据“effective
communication and project management from a distance”以及句意“促进”可知应用动词facilitate，作谓语，
陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语与先行词platforms 保持一致，用原形。故选H。
38．考查形容词。句意：员工的经历不仅仅是偶然的。根据“It is fundamental to how organizations shape the
productivity and well-being of their teams.(它是组织如何塑造其团队的生产力和福祉的基础)”以及句意“偶然
的”可知应用形容词incidental，作表语。故选B。
39．考查名词。句意：如今的员工更喜欢远程工作所带来的独立性和灵活性，从而改善了工作与生活的平
衡，并消除了耗时的通勤。根据“employees prefer the independence and flexibility that remote work affords,
allowing for improved work-life balance and the removal of time-consuming”以及句意“通勤”可知应用名词
commutes，作宾语，故选A。
40．考查动词。句意：另一方面，雇主可以利用降低的管理费用和利用全球人才库的能力，使留住专业人
才比以往任何时候都更加可行。根据“on reduced overhead costs and the ability”以及句意“利用”可知应用
动词capitalize，且can 后跟动词原形。故选I。
III.Reading Comprehension (共45 分。 41-45 每题1 分；56-70 每题2 分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Are noise-cancelling headphones damaging our hearing skills?
Noise-cancelling headphones have become a popular choice for many, offering a way to block out
background noise and letting us enjoy music at lower volumes. 41 , some experts are worried that using
these headphones too much might make it harder for our brains to process sounds properly.
Renee Almeida, an audiologist (听力学家), has noticed a small increase in adults coming to her clinic with
42 issues. They might fail to 43 where a sound is coming from, or struggle to follow a conversation on
the train, in a bar or at a restaurant. The condition, known as auditory processing disorder (APD), is often
diagnosed in children, so the rise in adults with similar issues struck Almeida as 44 . Almeida suspects that
the widespread use of noise-cancelling headphones could be a 45 .
She explains that our brains are used to dealing with thousands of different sounds at the same time and
deciding which ones are worth paying attention to. 46 , when a dog barks outside, the brain quickly
identifies the sound and dismisses it as unimportant. However, noise-cancelling headphones 47 the brain to
a single source of sound, such as music or a podcast, potentially weakening its ability to process 48
sounds.
Almeida also notes that the overuse of noise-cancelling headphones could harm the developmental process
by which children learn to 49 sounds. For adults, it could make their brains lazy, just as muscles 50
without exercise. In both cases, people could struggle to distinguish speech from background noise.
Despite these 51 , there is currently no scientific evidence proving that noise-cancelling headphones
cause APD ．Nor is there sufficient data showing a rise in the condition. But Almeida believes the question
deserves attention.
Prof. Dani Tomlin from the University of Melbourne 52 that people who use noise-cancelling
headphones for long periods may find listening harder when they take them off. But she says “the 53
should not be overlooked”, for helping individuals to listen to music and movies on planes and trains. “Instead of
suggesting 54 noise-cancelling headphones, we need more comprehensive research studies,” she adds.
For now, Almeida recommends 55 like bone conduction headphones. She also encourages people to
actively engage in listening exercises to maintain their auditory processing skills.
41．A．Instead
B．Moreover
C．Otherwise
D．However
42．A．learning
B．socializing
C．hearing
D．reading
43．A．indicate
B．locate
C．recall
D．sustain
44．A．common
B．raw
C．odd
D．predictable
45．A．primary stage B．contributing factor C．direct consequence D．temporary solution
46．A．For example
B．In conclusion
C．As a result
D．On the contrary
47．A．expand
B．reserve
C．limit
D．detect
48．A．multiple
B．external
C．unfamiliar
D．inviting
49．A．clear away
B．attend to
C．tune out
D．trace back
50．A．strengthen
B．tighten
C．weaken
D．stimulate
51．A．concerns
B．efforts
C．threats
D．trends
52．A．protests
B．suspects
C．acknowledges
D．opposes
53．A．risks
B．benefits
C．requests
D．costs
54．A．monitoring
B．tolerating
C．purchasing
D．abandoning
55．A．alternatives
B．restrictions
C．opponents
D．perspectives
【答案】
41．D 42．C 43．B 44．C 45．B 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．C
51．A 52．C 53．B 54．D 55．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了降噪耳机对听力技能可能产生的负面影响，指出虽然目前没
有科学证据证明降噪耳机会导致听觉处理障碍，但专家们对此表示关注，并建议进行更多研究。
41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些专家担心，过度使用这些耳机可能会使我们的大脑更难正确处
理声音。A. Instead 反而；B. Moreover 此外；C. Otherwise 否则；D. However 然而。根据前文“Noise-
cancelling headphones have become a popular choice for many, offering a way to block out background noise and
letting us enjoy music at lower volumes.”和后文“some experts are worried that using these headphones too much
might make it harder for our brains to process sounds properly.”可知，前后文之间是转折关系，因此用
however。故选D。
42．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：听力学家Renee Almeida 注意到，到她的诊所就诊的成年人中，听力问
题有所增加。A. learning 学习；B. socializing 社交；C. hearing 听力；D. reading 阅读。根据后文“They
might fail to __3___ where a sound is coming from, or struggle to follow a conversation on the train, in a bar or at a
restaurant.”以及前文“Renee Almeida, an audiologist”可知，来她诊所的应该是有听力问题的人。故选C。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可能无法确定声音的来源，或者在火车上、酒吧或餐厅里难以跟上对
话。A. indicate 表明；B. locate 确定……的位置；C. recall 回忆；D. sustain 维持。根据后文“where a sound
is coming from”可知，此处指确定声音来源。故选B。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种被称为听觉处理障碍的状况通常在儿童中被诊断出来，因此成年人
中出现类似症状的情况增加让Almeida 感到奇怪。A. common 常见的；B. raw 生的；C. odd 奇怪的；D.
predictable 可预测的。根据前文“The condition, known as auditory processing disorder (APD), is often
diagnosed in children”可知，这种状况通常在儿童中被诊断出来，因此成年人中出现类似症状的情况增加让
Almeida 感到奇怪。故选C。
45．考查名词短语辨析。句意：Almeida 怀疑，降噪耳机的广泛使用可能是一个促成因素。A. primary stage
初级阶段；B. contributing factor 促成因素；C. direct consequence 直接后果；D. temporary solution 临时解决
方案。根据前文“The rise in adults with similar issues”可知，此处指Almeida 怀疑，降噪耳机的广泛使用可
能是一个促成因素。故选B。
46．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当一只狗在外面叫时，大脑会迅速识别出这个声音，并认为它不重
要而忽略它。A. For example 例如；B. In conclusion 总之；C. As a result 结果；D. On the contrary 相反。根
据后文“when a dog barks outside, the brain quickly identifies the sound and dismisses it as unimportant.”可知，
此处是在举例说明。故选A。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，降噪耳机将大脑限制在单一的声音来源上，如音乐或播客，这可能
会削弱其处理多种声音的能力。A. expand 扩大；B. reserve 保留；C. limit 限制；D. detect 检测。根据后文
“the brain to a single source of sound, such as music or a podcast”可知，降噪耳机将大脑限制在单一的声音来
源上。故选C。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，降噪耳机将大脑限制在单一的声音来源上，如音乐或播客，这可
能会削弱其处理多种声音的能力。A. multiple 多种的；B. external 外部的；C. unfamiliar 不熟悉的；D.
inviting 诱人的。根据前文“a single source of sound”可知，此处指可能会削弱其处理多种声音的能力。故
选A。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Almeida 还指出，过度使用降噪耳机可能会损害儿童学习处理声音的发育
过程。A. clear away 清除；B. attend to 处理；C. tune out 调低；D. trace back 追溯。根据后文“sounds”可知，
此处指处理声音。故选B。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于成年人来说，这可能会让大脑变得懒惰，就像肌肉不锻炼就会变弱一
样。A. strengthen 加强；B. tighten 收紧；C. weaken 变弱；D. stimulate 刺激。根据前文“make their brains
lazy”可知，此处指肌肉不锻炼就会变弱。故选C。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些担忧，但目前还没有科学证据证明降噪耳机会导致听觉处理
障碍。A. concerns 担忧；B. efforts 努力；C. threats 威胁；D. trends 趋势。根据前文“some experts are
worried that using these headphones too much might make it harder for our brains to process sounds properly.”可
知，此处指尽管存在这些担忧。故选A。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：墨尔本大学的Dani Tomlin 教授承认，长时间使用降噪耳机的人可能会在
摘下耳机后发现听力变得更困难。A. protests 抗议；B. suspects 怀疑；C. acknowledges 承认；D. opposes 反
对。根据后文“people who use noise-cancelling headphones for long periods may find listening harder when they
take them off.”可知，这是Dani Tomlin 教授承认的内容。故选C。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她表示，“不应忽视其益处”，因为它有助于个人在飞机和火车上听音
乐和电影。A. risks 风险；B. benefits 益处；C. requests 请求；D. costs 成本。根据后文“for helping
individuals to listen to music and movies on planes and trains.”可知，此处指不应忽视其益处。故选B。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们不应该建议放弃降噪耳机，而是需要进行更全面的研究”，她补充
道。A. monitoring 监控；B. tolerating 容忍；C. purchasing 购买；D. abandoning 放弃。根据后文“we need
more comprehensive research studies”可知，此处指我们不应该建议放弃降噪耳机。故选D。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，Almeida 推荐使用骨传导耳机等替代品。A. alternatives 替代品；B.
restrictions 限制；C. opponents 对手；D. perspectives 视角。根据后文“like bone conduction headphones”可知，
此处指骨传导耳机等替代品。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according
to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
When you’re driving around the same block, keeping searching, because there’s nowhere to park your car,
any suggestion that America devotes too much space to parking might seem foolish. But consider this: in a typical
year, the country builds more three-car garages than one-bedroom apartments. Even the crowded cities reserve lots
of street space to store private vehicles. And local laws across the country require house and apartment builders to
provide off-street parking, whether residents need it. Step back to assess the result: it’s obvious that more square
footage is devoted to parking each car than to housing each person.
That Americans like driving is hardly news, but all the above talking isn’t finding fault with cars. The
complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we have given up for it. Over the years, cities
and towns have torn down grand old structures to make way for it. All those 9-foot-by-18-foot rectangles of
asphalt (柏油路) haven’t only damaged the environment or these once-valued architectural styles, but also upset
the crucial social goal of housing affordability. This misplaced priority has put the country in a bind. For decades,
even as rents rocketed and climate change worsened, the prevalence (盛行) of parking spaces discouraged anyone
from noticing their social impact. But the parking space has been eating up our living space for sure, with or
without our knowledge.
Here an optimist may give the excuse that some of the country’s largest cities have no choice but to
renegotiate the relationship among people, cars, and parking spaces. However, parking space’s conquering the city
in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change,
and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs. Some
of the most consequential social problems are the ones hiding in plain sight, but parking isn’t even hiding. It’s just
everywhere — for us to take seriously.
56．In which section can we most probably read this passage?
A．Travel.
B．Features.
C．Front page.
D．Public welfare.
57．The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A．lead the country to trouble
B．discourage residents from buying cars
C．annoy the local residents
D．weaken the country’s overall strength
58．What can we imply about parking space’s role in the 20th century cities?
A．It failed to meet the growing parking demands.
B．It completely dominated urban planning priorities.
C．It was a necessary renegotiation by the city government.
D．It unexpectedly brought about problems to people’s daily life.
59．What can be concluded from the passage?
A．America should continue expanding parking though it is harmful.
B．Cities in the 21st century should absolutely stop building more garages.
C．Excessive parking space is damaging the society so it should be limited.
D．Housing and other problems are not as urgent as insufficient parking space.
【答案】56．D 57．A 58．B 59．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出美国为停车分配了过多空间，这不仅破坏环境和建筑风格，还影响
住房可负担性，呼吁改变规则，限制停车位。
56．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about
everything we have given up for it. All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the
environment or these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability.
(人们所抱怨的是停车问题——更确切地说，是我们为停车所放弃的一切。所有那些9 英尺乘18 英尺的柏
油路面停车位，不仅破坏了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的
社会目标)”可推知，文章讨论了美国停车空间过多带来的一系列社会问题，如破坏环境、影响住房等，这
与公共福利相关，所以文章最有可能出现在公共福利板块。故选D 项。
57．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the
environment or these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability.
This misplaced priority has put the country in a bind.(所有那些9 英尺乘18 英尺的柏油路面停车位，不仅破坏
了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的社会目标。这种错误的优
先事项put the country in a bind)”的“damaged”、“upset”和“misplaced priority”可推知，过多的停车位带来
了诸多问题，使国家陷入麻烦。所以“put the country in a bind”意思是“让国家陷入麻烦”，与“lead the
country to trouble”同义。故选A 项。
58．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was
already so complete that, in the 21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant
promotion of parking spaces is already weakening cities and crowding out other needs.(然而，停车位在20 世纪
对城市的“占领”已然如此彻底，以至于到了21 世纪，人们需要认识到相关规则必须改变，而且持续增加
停车位的做法已经在削弱城市的发展，还排挤了其他方面的需求)”可推知，在20 世纪，停车位完全主导了
城市规划的优先事项。故选B 项。
59．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The complaint is about parking — or, more to the point, about everything we
have given up for it. All those 9 foot by 18 foot rectangles of asphalt haven’t only damaged the environment or
these once valued architectural styles, but also upset the crucial social goal of housing affordability.(人们所抱怨的
是停车问题——更确切地说，是我们为停车所放弃的一切。所有那些9 英尺乘18 英尺的柏油路面停车位，
不仅破坏了环境和那些曾经备受珍视的建筑风格，还扰乱了住房可负担性这一至关重要的社会目标)”和最
后一段“However, parking space’s conquering the city in the 20th century was already so complete that, in the
21st, people need to recognize that the rules have to change, and that the constant promotion of parking spaces is
already weakening cities and crowding out other needs. Some of the most consequential social problems are the
ones hiding in plain sight, but parking isn’t even hiding. It’s just everywhere — for us to take seriously.(然而，停
车位在20 世纪对城市的“占领”已然如此彻底，以至于到了21 世纪，人们需要认识到相关规则必须改变，
而且持续增加停车位的做法已经在削弱城市的发展，还排挤了其他方面的需求。一些最重要的社会问题隐
藏在人们的视线中，但停车甚至没有隐藏。它无处不在，值得我们认真对待)”可推知，过多的停车位正在
损害社会，应该加以限制。故选C 项。
B
Sign up today and you could win the journey of a lifetime, all expenses paid! Luxury
without limits awaits.
Imagine yourself:
Experiencing a VIP Broadway premiere
( 百老汇VIP 首映礼) in New York, with
luxurious accommodations at The Grand
Aurora Hotel.
Jetting off to Rome for an exclusive
opera performance from the Palazzo Verdi
Suite by Stellar Rewards ( 星级奖励) , or
even backstage with the stars!
But there’s more! Become a new member, and countless advantages are waiting for you.
Welcome drink
Enjoy a free signature
cocktail at the hotel during
your stay. Check directly
with the hotel to discover
their selection of handcrafted
drinks.
Priority
reception
Upon arrival, enjoy priority
access to our dedicated
Stellar Rewards reception
desk for Azure members.
Late check-out
If you desire a later
departure, extend your stay in
your room on the day of your
check-out. This benefit is
upon request and subject to
availability.
To access this offer, become a member of Stellar Rewards or sign in to your existing
account and register for the promotion. The activation code will be pre-filled automatically.
Ensure your Stellar Rewards loyalty number is added to your company booking tool profile
before booking. If your code isn’t working, double-check it is identical. When writing the code,
please pay close attention to capitalization. Using the wrong case will result in errors. Besides,
the code is for one-time use. If your points haven’t appeared after seven days, please contact
customer service.
60．What should Emma, as an Azure member, do first to enjoy her early check-in?
A．Appreciate a premiere exclusive opera performance.
B．Order a welcome signature cocktail at the reception bar.
C．Ask politely for early access in the regular check-in line.
D．Go directly to the dedicated Stellar Rewards reception desk.
61．What should Emma do if her activation code isn’t working?
A．Immediately contact the customer service.
B．Capitalize all the letters of the activation code.
C．Check that the code is entered in an accurate way.
D．Add the loyalty number to the booking tool profile.
62．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To criticize the high costs of luxury travel experiences.
B．To persuade readers to register for a membership promotion.
C．To provide tips on how to win free Broadway premiere tickets.
D．To explain the history of Stellar Rewards and its achievements.
【答案】60．D 61．C 62．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Azure Hotels 的“成为第1 亿名会员”活动，列举豪华奖励和会
员专属福利，并详细说明激活码使用规则，旨在吸引用户参加其会员推广活动。
60．细节理解题。根据Priority reception 部分的“Upon arrival, enjoy priority access to our dedicated Stellar
Rewards reception desk for Azure members. (抵达后，Azure 会员可优先前往我们专设的“星级奖励”接待台
办理手续)”可知，会员享受优先接待，可直接前往“星级奖励”专属接待台办理入住。故选D 项。
61．细节理解题。根据最后一栏中“If your code isn’t working, double-check it is identical. When writing the
code, please pay close attention to capitalization. Using the wrong case will result in errors. (如果您的验证码无法
使用，请仔细核对输入是否正确。填写验证码时，请特别注意字母大小写。输入错误的格式会导致验证失
败)”可知，如果激活码不起作用，用户应检查密码输入是否准确。故选C 项。
62．推理判断题。文章标题“Will you be our 100 millionth member? (你愿意成为我们的第1 亿名会员吗)”表
明这是Azure Hotels 的“成为第1 亿名会员”活动，再结合全文内容，尤其是开头的“Sign up today and
you could win the journey of a lifetime, all expenses paid! (立即注册即有机会赢取终身难忘的全包豪华旅程)”、
第三栏中“Become a new member, and countless advantages are waiting for you. (成为新会员，海量专属福利
等您来享)”和最后一栏中“To access this offer, become a member of Stellar Rewards or sign in to your existing
account and register for the promotion. (享受此优惠，您需要注册成为“星级奖励”会员或登录现有账户参与
本次促销活动)”可知，酒店通过列举豪华奖励和会员专属福利，并详细说明激活码使用规则，旨在说服读
者报名参加其会员推广活动。故选B 项。
C
（社会热点）On farms all over the country, even the most traditional ones, thought is being given to the
possibilities of AI. For the moment, artificial intelligence isn’t making much of an impact on the daily lives of most
British farmers. But the way AI can transform agriculture in the near future is very much a reality in universities
and research labs. My eyes were opened to the possibilities on a visit to a lab where cows were being automatically
monitored in an innovative ‘smart’ dairy. AI was learning to recognize each individual cow and log its behavior. It
then analyzed the data to warn of any signs of illness.
Meanwhile, in my home county, work is underway to ensure that the upcoming generation of farmers isn’t
left behind. In a few weeks’ time, newly arrived students at the Royal Agricultural University (RAU) will start their
course in Agricultural Technology, at the heart of which is AI’s role in making farming more effective, productive
and adaptive in a world of changing weather patterns. This would have sounded like science fiction in the 1950s,
but now, 70 years on, I’m encouraged that tomorrow’s farmers are being armed with the know-how to succeed in
the new digital age.
Naturally, there are concerns about what all this might mean for the countless number of people who depend
on farming for their livelihood. Soft fruit and seasonal veg are extremely tender and need an army of pickers and
packers who may find themselves replaced at some point by the sort of standard precision-robots that have been
trialled on a strawberry farm.
In recent years many places have struggled to employ and keep seasonal workers, so rather than create
unemployment, AI might just provide the answer to a worrying labour gap. It’s worth saying that this technology
will need a whole new set of workers to produce the hardware, input new data and then install, maintain, repair and
replace systems and kit. So don’t despair but do consider upskilling.
Since the Industrial Revolution, every generation of farmers has had to deal with the technological changes
of the day and they have successfully adapted to survive. Who knows! AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a
long line of challenges to be embraced by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of
checking the weather forecast day and night during harvest season must be a good thing.
63．What did the author discover during his visit to the lab?
A．AI has made automation a reality in the dairy industry.
B．AI has helped most British farmers to closely monitor cows.
C．AI is being developed to improve cow health through behavior analysis.
D．AI is primarily being used to transform universities and labs across Britain.
64．What is the focus of the course in Agricultural Technology at the RAU?
A．The role of traditional methods in enhancing crop productivity.
B．The development of AI in agricultural practices in the UK.
C．The ways climate change affects global food security.
D．The impact of AI on boosting farming efficiency and productivity.
65．What can be inferred about the introduction of AI in agriculture from the third and the fourth paragraphs?
A．It will lead to widespread unemployment.
B．It will eliminate the need for human labor completely.
C．It may help address the labor shortage issue.
D．It doesn’t affect the nature of seasonal workers.
66．What is the author’s attitude towards the use of AI in agriculture?
A．Suspicious.
B．Optimistic.
C．Neutral.
D．Concerned.
【答案】63．C 64．D 65．C 66．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨人工智能（AI）在农业领域的应用现状与未来前景，包括智能奶牛
监测、农业技术教育、劳动力替代问题以及作者对AI 农业化的积极态度。
63．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“My eyes were opened to the possibilities on a visit to a lab where cows
were being automatically monitored in an innovative ‘smart’ dairy. AI was learning to recognize each individual
cow and log its behavior. It then analyzed the data to warn of any signs of illness.(在参观一个实验室时，我的眼
界被打开了，在那里，奶牛在一个创新的‘智能’奶牛场中被自动监控。人工智能正在学习识别每一头奶
牛并记录其行为。然后，它分析数据，警告任何疾病的迹象。)”可推知，在作者所参观的一个实验室里的，
人工智能正在学习识别奶牛、记录奶牛行为、并通过分析数据预警疾病迹象；由此可知，作者在参观实验
室时发现实验室正在开发通过行为分析改善奶牛健康的人工智能。故选C。
64．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a few weeks’ time, newly arrived students at the Royal Agricultural
University (RAU) will start their course in Agricultural Technology, at the heart of which is AI’s role in making
farming more effective, productive and adaptive in a world of changing weather patterns.(几周后，皇家农业大学
（RAU）的新来的学生将开始他们的农业技术课程，这门课程的核心是人工智能在使农业在不断变化的天
气模式下更有效、更多产和更适应性方面的作用。)”可推知，皇家农业大学（RAU）农业技术课程的重点
是AI 对提升农业效率和生产力的影响。故选D。
65．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In recent years many places have struggled to employ and keep seasonal
workers, so rather than create unemployment, AI might just provide the answer to a worrying labour gap.(近年来，
许多地方一直在努力雇佣和留住季节性工人，因此，人工智能可能只是为令人担忧的劳动力缺口提供了答
案，而不是制造失业。)”可推知，AI 可能有助于解决劳动力短缺问题。故选C。
66．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“AI may well turn out to be just the latest in a long line of challenges to be
embraced by adaptable and spirited farmers. And anything that saves me the worry of checking the weather forecast
day and night during harvest season must be a good thing. (人工智能很可能只是一长串挑战中最新的一个，这
些挑战将被适应能力强、精神充沛的农民所接受。任何能让我不用在收获季节日夜查看天气预报的事情都
是好事。)”可知，作者对AI 节省人力，如免于日夜查看天气预报积极评价，因此推断作者对人工智能在农
业上的应用持乐观态度。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used
once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Fresh Thinking about Fresh Air
In 1842, Edwin Chadwick, a British social reformer, published his landmark Report on the Sanitary (卫生
的) Condition of the Labouring Population. By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and
poor health, Chadwick’s report revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British
cities to organize clean water supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced
infectious diseases. 67
Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had
airflow rates below healthy standards. In Europe, researchers found that 66% of classrooms in countries such as
Denmark and France failed to meet acceptable indoor air quality standards. This is alarming, as poor air quality in
schools contributes to conditions like asthma (哮喘), which affects nearly one in 13 American children. Outdoor
air pollution, which often enters buildings, can further harm brain development, academic performance and even
increase cancer risks. 68 Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with
poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been
blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism.
Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention. 69 Installing
carbon dioxide sensors could inform occupants when to open windows or upgrade air systems. National indoor air
quality standards, enforced through air flow certificates similar to food safety ratings, would help ensure safer
environments.
The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet
minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending. 70 As Chadwick’s
reforms established clean water as a public expectation, the recent health disaster should inspire policymakers to
make clean air an essential standard for all buildings.
A．Air circulation is the forgotten part for improved public health.
B．But achieving clean, healthful air in buildings is feasible.
C．Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns, boosting academic performance and enhancing
workplace productivity.
D．The government’s recent plan prioritizes school air flow, setting an example for other countries to follow.
E．The problem, however, is not limited to schools.
F．Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality.
【答案】67．F 68．E 69．B 70．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章借Edwin Chadwick 报告引出空气质量话题，指出学校等室内空气质量差
危害健康，室内空气质量未获政府重视，最后呼吁制定标准改善空气质量。
67．上文“By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and poor health, Chadwick’s report
revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British cities to organize clean water
supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced infectious diseases.(通过强调恶劣
的公共卫生条件与健康不佳之间的联系，查德威克的报告揭示了社会和地域健康不平等问题。他的发现促
使英国城市组织清洁水供应和集中污水处理系统，这显著减少了传染病)”讲述了查德威克报告对公共卫生
的影响。F 选项“Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality.(如今，另一个
公共卫生重点正在出现：改善室内空气质量)”与上文形成时间上的对比，引出了新的公共卫生重点，上下
文衔接自然。故选F 项。
68．上文“Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had
airflow rates below healthy standards...(学校是这个问题的一个很好的例子。一项对100 间美国教室的研究证
明，87 间教室的空气流通率低于健康标准……)”指出学校存在空气质量问题。E 选项“The problem,
however, is not limited to schools.(然而，这个问题并不局限于学校)”与上文构成转折关系，说明空气质量问
题不仅仅存在于学校，引出下文“Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with
poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been
blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism.(大多数人90%以上的时间都呆在室内，空
气不流通的空间与头痛、倦怠、哮喘和其他健康问题有关。空气流通不畅被认为是导致工作效率下降和缺
勤率上升的原因)”对其他场所空气质量问题的讨论。故选E 项。
69．上文“Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention.(尽管室内空气质量
很重要，但政府却很少关注)”指出室内空气质量未得到政府重视这一问题。B 选项“But achieving clean,
healthful air in buildings is feasible.(但是在建筑物内实现清洁、健康的空气是可行的)”与上文构成转折关系，
提出虽然政府不重视，但解决室内空气质量问题是可行的，引出下文的解决办法。故选B 项。
70．上文“The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet
minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending.(改善空气流通的成本并不高。
将美国所有学校的空气流通升级到最低标准的成本不到年度公共教育支出的0.1%)”说明改善空气流通成本
低。C 选项“Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns, boosting academic performance and
enhancing workplace productivity.(对清洁室内空气的投资会带来显著回报，提高学业成绩和工作场所的生产
力)”承接上文，说明在室内空气质量上投入成本低但回报大，上下文逻辑连贯。故选C 项。
IV.Summary Writing (共10 分）
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more
than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are Big Cities Overrated?
Judged by their revealed preferences, people love cities. Metropolises such as London and New York are
overcrowded, with house prices to match. Across the world, 25% of people live in cities of over a million, up from
just 15% six decades ago.
Economists tend to think this is a great development. Cities, they argue, benefit from “agglomeration”, the
consequence of so many people living in close quarters. For one thing, government and businesses can run more
efficiently: scale helps everything from public transport to the hiring of staff. For another, finding the next big idea
is easier when like-minded people crowd together. Although London makes up 15% of Britain’s population, it
accounts for 22% of its economic output.
But have economists overestimated the benefits of big cities? That is what a new working paper by Matthew
Turner and David Weil, both of Brown University, suggests. Their analysis applies existing estimates of the impact
of agglomeration on economic efficiency and the pace of invention to a model of the American economy. This
allows the researchers to answer a question: how different would America look if, from 1900 to 2010, no urban area
had grown to a population of more than 1 million people?
According to their calculations, the answer is “not all that much”. Growth would have been slower, but only
a bit: the researchers estimate that America’s total output would have been 8% lower in 2010 than it was in reality.
As Mr. Weil puts it: “Without big cities, we would still have modern life as we know it.”
There is plenty about city life that is unpleasant. In September, for instance, Eric Adams, New York’s mayor,
organized a “National Urban Rat Summit”, as part of his “war on rats”. It’s evident that big cities don’t just offer
growth; they come with their own sets of drawbacks and challenges as well.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
【答案】People increasingly live in big cities. While economists praise cities for offering agglomeration benefits
like efficiency and innovation, a new study suggests their economic impact is overstated. Without large cities,
America’s total output would only be slightly lower, and modern life still exists. Cities have drawbacks like rat
problems.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论大城市是否被高估，指出人们倾向居住在大城市，经济学家认可大
城市的集聚效益，但新研究表明其经济影响被高估，且大城市有弊端。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
Judged by their revealed preferences, people love cities.
①
Economists tend to think this is a great development. Cities, they argue, benefit from “agglomeration”.
②
But have economists overestimated the benefits of big cities? That is what a new working paper by Matthew
③
Turner and David Weil suggests.
According to their calculations, the answer is “not all that much”. Growth would have been slower, but only a bit.
④
There is plenty about city life that is unpleasant.
⑤
2. 缜密构思
将第1 个要点直接保留，第2 个要点保留核心观点，第3、4 个要点整合说明新研究观点，第5 个要点点明
大城市有弊端。
3. 遣词造句
People increasingly live in big cities.
Economists praise cities for agglomeration benefits.
A new study suggests the economic impact of big cities is overstated.
Without large cities, America’s total output would only be slightly lower.
Cities have drawbacks.
【点睛】[高分句型1] While economists praise cities for offering agglomeration benefits like efficiency and
innovation, a new study suggests their economic impact is overstated. (运用了while 引导的让步状语从句，准确
对比了经济学家观点和新研究观点)
[高分句型2] Without large cities, America’s total output would only be slightly lower, and modern life still exists.
(运用了“without+名词”的虚拟语气结构，清晰阐述了没有大城市的情况下的结果)
V.Translation (共15 分。第1 小题和第2 小题,每题3 分;第3 题4 分;第4 题5 分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72．夕阳染红了半边天空，真是赏心悦目。（engage）(汉译英)
【答案】The setting sun colored half of the sky red, which engaged both the mind and the eye.
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。发生在过去用一般过去时，主语“夕阳”为the setting sun；表示“染红了
半边天空”可翻译为color half of the sky red；后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用
which；表示“赏心悦目”翻译为engaged both the mind and the eye.故翻译为The setting sun colored half of
the sky red, which engaged both the mind and the eye.
73．豆腐营养丰富且容易消化，老少咸宜。(perfect) (汉译英)
【答案】Tofu is rich in nutrition and easy to digest, and it is perfect for both the old and the young.
【详解】考查时态、形容词短语和并列结构。“豆腐营养丰富且容易消化”处理为第一分句，主语“豆
腐”用Tofu，“营养丰富且容易消化”可译为be rich in nutrition and easy to digest，这里描述客观事实用一
般现在时，系动词用is；“老少咸宜”理解为“对老年人和年轻人都是最佳的”，可处理为第二分句，补
充主语it，译为it is perfect for both the old and the young，与第一分句之间是并列关系，用连词and 连接。
故翻译为Tofu is rich in nutrition and easy to digest, and it is perfect for both the old and the young.
74．池塘边石柱上的精美雕刻体现了人与自然和谐共生的理念。（belief）(汉译英)
【答案】The exquisite carvings on the stone pillars by the pond reflect the belief of harmonious coexistence
between humans and nature.
【详解】考查固定短语。“精美的雕刻”可翻译为exquisite carvings，“池塘边石柱上”可翻译为介词短
语on the stone pillars by the pond，“体现”可翻译为reflect，根据提示可知，“理念”可使用名词belief 在
句中作宾语，“人与自然和谐共生的理念”可翻译为belief of harmonious coexistence between humans and
nature。根据语境可知，该句陈述一般事实，因此可使用一般现在时。故翻译为：The exquisite carvings on
the stone pillars by the pond reflect the belief of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
75．邻居阿婆原本觉得美图软件这类新潮玩意儿用起来会很麻烦，但跟着侄女没学几次就能自如地给照片
改色调了。（as）(汉译英)
【答案】The Granny next door originally thought such trendy things as photo-editing applications were difficult to
use, but after learning from her niece a few times, she could adjust the tone of the photos with ease.
【详解】考查句子结构、宾语从句、状语从句和时态。汉语句描述的是过去的事情和动作，总体上应使用
一般过去时。原句可译为but 连接的并列句，前半句可使用主谓宾结构，主语为“邻居阿婆”，译为the
granny next door。谓语为“觉得”，译为thought，“原本”可用副词originally 作状语修饰谓语。 “美图
软件这类新潮玩意儿用起来会很麻烦”译为第一个句子的宾语，处理为宾语从句,j 结合提示词as，句子实
际想说的是“像照片编辑软件这样的流行软件很难使用”，因此可使用主系表结构，用动名词短语using…
作主语，“美图软件这类新潮玩意儿”，可译为such trendy things as photo-editing applications，其中“玩意
儿”实际是指application，“新潮”可使用形容词trendy。“美图软件这类”可用介词短语such...as photo-
editing software。整个动名词短语作宾语从句的主语，译为using trendy apps like photo-editing software。
“会很麻烦”译为系表结构be difficult to use，这个动作是相对于主句thought 同时发生的，使用一般过去
时。因此前半句翻译为The Granny next door originally thought such trendy things as photo-editing applications
were difficult to use；后半句“跟着侄女没学几次”可译为after doing sth.短语，动词短语learn from 来表达
“跟某人学”之意，可译为after learning from her niecea few times。“就能自如地给照片改色调了”译为第
二分句，同样需要增补主语she，“能给照片调色”可译could adjust the tone of the photos，“自如地”可
用介词短语with ease 作方式状语。故翻译为The Granny next door originally thought such trendy things as
photo-editing applications were difficult to use, but after learning from her niece a few times, she could adjust the
tone of the photos with ease.
VI.Guided Writing (共25 分)
76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in
Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明。你想报考某外地大学，因为该校有你心仪的专业，且该专业在全国排名
领先，但遭到了父母的反对。写一封信给你的父母，争取他们的支持（信中请不要出现真实的校名和人
名）。内容须包括：
1)你的意愿；
2)你的理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mom and Dad,
I’m writing to share my sincere thoughts on my university choice. I’m determined to apply to ... University
in another city, as it offers my dream major, ..., a nationally top-ranked program perfectly aligned with my interests
and career goals. Studying there will provide access to renowned professors, cutting-edge facilities, and rich
resources, which will lay a solid foundation for my future through high-quality education. Engaging with diverse
peers and a new academic environment will also broaden my horizons and strengthen my adaptability.
I understand your worries about me being far from home, but I see this as an opportunity to grow
independently. Managing life and studies on my own is a vital skill for my future.
I sincerely hope you can support my decision and understand my passion. Your encouragement means
everything to me. Thank you for your love and understanding.
Your loving son,
Li Ming
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。具体为写给父母的一封信，用于分享个人大学选择的想法及对父母担
忧的回应，并表达希望得到支持。
【详解】1.词汇积累
坚定的：determined→resolute
专业：major→specialty
提供：provide→offer
真诚地：sincerely→earnestly
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Managing life and studies on my own is a vital skill for my future.
拓展句：I believe that managing life and studies on my own is a vital skill for my future.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Studying there will provide access to renowned professors, cutting-edge facilities, and
rich resources, which will lay a solid foundation for my future through high-quality education. (运用了动名词短语
作主语和which 引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】I sincerely hope you can support my decision and understand my passion. (运用了省略引导词
that 的宾语从句)
