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原创题组练(三)
A
Some might say that handwriting has become a dying art since the appearance of the
typewriter in the mid 1880’s,even more so due to computers.In fact,many schools in the
United States no longer required teaching cursive(草体) as a part of the core
curriculums.However,despite the sense that writing on paper is out of fashion,it actually has a
number of very important benefits.
Writing by hand is not only important for language processing and memory,it is also
important for cognitive(认知) development.A Psychology Today blog lays out the ways in
which learning to write by hand teaches the brain “functional specialization” or in other
words,the best efficiency.In learning to write by hand,the human brain must integrate
sensation,movement control,and thinking.For whatever reason,it does not do so when
learning to type.
Writing by hands’ cognitive benefits are numerous and there are many studies that can
prove that.A 2021 study by the University of Tokyo shows that writing on paper could help
students recall materials better than typing on a keyboard.Likewise,a 2014 study from the
Association for Psychological Science shows that taking notes on a laptop as opposed to
writing them longhand,leads to shallower processing of the material learned.This is because
when using a laptop,students will often type out lectures word for word,as opposed to
processing information and rewording it in their own language.
These benefits actually translate to how you recall the information.In this case writing it
by hand instead of typing also helps students do better on exams.A study led by Dr.Virginia
Berninger,a professor of the University of Washington,suggests that children wrote longer
and more complex essays when they were writing by hand,as opposed to using a
keyboard.“Children consistently did better writing with a pen when they wrote essays.They
wrote more and they wrote faster,” Berninger told Futurity.
So the next time you sit down to write an email to a loved one,consider the possibility
that it might be better for your brain if you wrote a handwritten letter instead.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论手写的益处——用键盘的学习效果远
不如手写。
1.What do we learn about handwriting from paragraph 1?
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
A.It has its unique value.
B.It has become a new fashion.
C.Its cursive form is required in the US.
D.Its nature has been replaced by computers.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However...it actually has a number of very
important benefits.”可知,尽管手写已经过时,但它的确有很多重要的益处。故选A 项。
2.According to paragraphs 2-3,what can we know about writing by hand?
A.It can result in less brain connectivity.
B.It can boost memory and understanding.
C.It might have little to do with recalling materials.
D.It might lead to shallower processing information.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Writing by hand is not only important for
language processing and memory,it is also important for cognitive(认知) development.”及第
三段描述可知,手写不仅有助于记忆,还有助于认知发展。下段叙述这一论点得到了实验
验证。故选B 项。
3.What is the author’s attitude toward writing?
A.Critical.
B.Uncertain.
C.Tolerant.
D.Supportive.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段叙述,作者建议手写信给亲人,而不是发电子邮件。由
此可推知,作者对于手写持支持态度。故选D 项。
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Efficiency Comes First
B.More Complex Essays are Needed
C.The Pen is Mightier than the Keyboard
D.Science is the Primary Productive Force.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,随着电脑的普及,手写虽然显得过时,但依然益处多多。手
写有助于记忆和认知发展,而且得到了诸多实验验证。因此,用键盘的学习效果远不如动
手写(The Pen is Mightier than the Keyboard)最能概括文章主旨。故选C 项。
B
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
The printed book is back.Recent studies have shown that students keep in mind more
information when they read a hard-copy book compared to reading on a digital device.
I love the way we now judge printed books using the language of the digital world.E-
books may come with a “suite of guiding tools”,but it turns out that the best guiding devices
are your fingers.You can use them to look through the pages forwards and backwards.To
think,all this time,those devices have just been sitting there,hanging at the end of your arm.
Fans of digital books may point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool.Old-
fashioned books also have a search function,in which you turn back to the opening chapter to
remind yourself of the hero’s description.They even have a “bookmark system”,which uses a
device called a “bookmark”.
Fans of the e-book point out that digital text is easy to annotate.Some devices even
feature a little image of a pencil to guide the reader through the process.Traditional-book
users have a similar system called a “pencil”.With it,favoured passages can be underlined
and,if it’s a history book,comments can be written in the margin(页边),such as “Not
so,according to The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.” Thus noted,such books can be
left around for others to study,convincing family members of your insight.
The printed book,of course,has other advantages.A full bookshelf is at once a sound base
and a store of knowledge.And any properly thumbed book will always fall open at the sexiest
scene.Also,the smell of old books in a second-hand bookshop is instantly remindful.Yes,it’s a
mix of mould(霉味) and old paper,but to me it represents possibility.
Educational fashions come and go,so maybe the shift back to traditional books won’t
last.But for the moment,I find myself standing at attention,extending my textbook-built
shoulders and saluting their glorious return.
In the debate about which is better,it seems that the hard-copy book is harder to knock
out than originally thought.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍的回归及其原因。
5.Why does the author use the digital language to judge printed books?
A.To explain concepts.
B.To highlight development of languages.
C.To please readers.
D.To make better comparisons.
答案 D
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
解析 细节理解题。关键词定位在第二段。根据第二段第一句“I love the way we now
judge printed books using the language of the digital world.”以及在文章各处的引用的电子
术语“suite of guiding tools” “search” “bookmark system” “pencil”这些传统的纸质书阅读
中的术语,可能在电子书阅读时代被赋予了新的内涵,但重点还是第二段中的“judge
printed books using the language of the digital world”可推知,作者喜欢使用这些电子时代
的语言来评判纸质书,更多是为了在两者之间更好地作比较。通过下文看,作者也是一条
一条来说明的。第二段就电子书籍便捷的导引功能,作者提到事实证明,最好的导引工具
还是人的手指;第三段提到电子书籍便捷的搜索功能,作者指出纸质书同样具备此功能,
而且还具备“书签系统”;第三段提到电子书籍便于加注,作者提出纸质书读者用铅笔加
注,遇到喜欢的章节,可以加下划线,若是历史书籍,还可以在页边处写评论,以便与家人分
享你的观点。故选D 项。
6.What does the underlined word “annotate” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Search.
B.Access.
C.Add notes.
D.Get information.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Fans of the e-book point out that digital text is
easy to annotate.”以及下面的举例可知,用铅笔可将喜欢的段落标注下划线,若是历史书
籍,可在页边题写评论。由此可推断,annotate 一词意为“加注”。故选C 项。
7.What attracts the readers as to printed books?
A.Value of senses. B.Knowledge storage.
C.Bookshelves.
D.Bookstores.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。本题定位在第五段。此段首句“The printed book,of course,has other
advantages.”表示除了上述纸质书阅读与电子阅读的区别(或者说,与电子阅读相比,纸质
书略胜一筹外),纸质书还独具一些优势:一个摆满书的书架总是一个显眼的地方,那里存
贮了满满的知识,而且人们高赞的书籍总是打开,摆在最耀眼的位置;根据第五段第四、
五句可知,印刷书的气味是霉味和旧报纸的混合气味,但于作者而言,这种气味代表(获取
知识)的无限可能性。故选A 项。
8.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Why E-books Are Convenient
B.Why the Printed Book Is Back
C.Why Educational Fashions Change
D.Why Digital Reading Becomes Popular
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答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。文章开宗明义,提出“The printed book is back.”,印刷书籍重新兴起,
而且用研究结论来支撑。研究表明:学生通过阅读纸质书籍,比在电子阅读中记住更多的
信息。下文大篇幅就印刷书与电子书的优缺点展开比较,尤其突出了使用印刷书阅读的
美好体验。最后一段回归主题,进行总结:尽管传统书籍的回归不一定持续多长时间,但
此时此刻,“我”向这种回归致敬。与文章开头相照应。因此,“印刷书为何回归”是最佳
标题。故选B 项。
C
The monarch is perhaps the best-known butterfly in North America.Every fall,they
migrate from the US and Canada to California and Mexico for the winter,breeding multiple
generations along the way.But now the monarch is in trouble.Due to habitat
loss,milkweed,the plants that the butterfly caterpillars feed on,are fewer and farther
between,so the number of monarch is declining.
In the 1990s,researchers at the University of Minnesota decided to use citizen science to
collect long-term data on monarch caterpillars and milkweed habitat in order to provide
information that decision makers can use to help prevent the monarch’s decline.The Monarch
Larva Monitoring Project has grown to involve volunteers from across North America.
Participants volunteer to monitor a particular site—often their own backyards.Through
online or in-person training,the volunteers learn how to identify milkweed as well as the
eggs,caterpillars and pupae(蛹) of monarch butterflies.They also learn about the monarch’s
migration.Each year,volunteers record when milkweed plants first come out of the ground
and how many are present at the site they are monitoring.Then,on a weekly basis,they record
the number of eggs and caterpillars they see.The final step is entering the data into an online
database.
For citizen science projects,data validity(效度) can be a concern.Some say that non-
scientists can’t be trusted to collect reliable data.The project addresses such concerns by
using a standardized rules and requiring repeated observations of the same species in the
same place.The MLMP also offers training,and all data are carefully checked before used for
research purposes.Another challenge is getting volunteers to report zeroes or the lack of
monarchs.As the monarch population declines,volunteers may be discouraged and not want
to collect data.MLMP staff work with volunteers to highlight the importance of knowing
where monarchs are not found.
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The project is successfully meeting its core purpose:to help scientists better understand
how and why monarch populations are changing.Data provided by citizen scientists have
formed the basis for a growing number of scientific publications.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍为有效阻止北美“魅力昆虫”君王斑
蝶数量减少,启用了公民科学项目,旨在让社会公众参与重要科学研究,构建老少咸宜的
户外科学课堂。
9.Why is the number of monarch butterflies declining?
A.They are influenced by the cold weather.
B.There are fewer milkweed plants along the way.
C.Many butterfly caterpillars lose their habitats.
D.The distance of their migration becomes longer.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Due to habitat loss,milkweed,the plants that the
butterfly caterpillars feed on,are fewer and farther between,so the number of monarch is
declining.”可知,由于栖息地的丧失,蝴蝶幼虫赖以为食的草属植物(植物乳草)的大面积减
少,因此君王斑蝶数量减少。故选B 项。
10.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.The application of citizen science in the project.
B.Findings of Monarch Larva Monitoring Project.
C.The establishment of the monarch online data base.
D.The reason of citizen science being adopted.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。文章第二段提到,明尼苏达大学的研究者们启用了公民科学项目,采
集君王斑蝶幼虫和草属植物栖息地的长周期数据信息,来有效阻止君王斑蝶数量的减少。
这家公益项目已吸纳北美的志愿者。承接上文,第三段详细介绍这个项目的应用情况。
第三段第一句中的“Participants volunteer to monitor a particular site”很明显交代了主旨,
参与者自愿在特定区域(一般在自己后院)监控,通过网上或者亲身培训,志愿者学会如何
鉴别植物乳草,如何辨别君王斑蝶幼虫虫卵、毛虫以及蛹(从卵,到成虫,再到蛹的整个孵
化过程)。志愿者还得学会关于君王斑蝶迁徙的知识。每年负责记录乳草刚露芽时,君王
斑蝶出现在监控区域的数量,而后每周记录出现的虫卵及幼虫数量,最后将数据上传到网
络数据库。故选A 项。
11.What would be the challenge of the citizen science projects?
A.The legality of the protocol(协议).
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
B.The training quality for volunteers.
C.The research competence of citizens.
D.The reliability of the collected data.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For citizen science projects,data validity can be a
concern.Some say that non-scientists can’t be trusted to collect reliable data.”可知,在公民科
学项目中,数据的有效性(可信度)令人担忧。有人担心这些非科学家公民采集的数据不
可信。其实段中还提及项目的另一个挑战,就是志愿者们对君王斑蝶的零上报或者监控
区域没有君王斑蝶。鉴于君王斑蝶数量不断减少,人们收集数据的热情可能受挫,当然针
对这一现象,MLMP 也有相应的对策。故选D 项。
12.What is the author’s attitude towards the project?
A.Unclear.
B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful.
D.Approving.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段描述,这个项目成功达成核心目标:帮助科学家更好理
解君王斑蝶数量如何变化及变化的原因。公民科学家提供的数据也形成了多项研究的
基础。故选D 项。
