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考点分类练(九) 词句猜测题(3)
(限时:25 分钟)
Passage 1
(2023 湖南衡阳二模)
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing,even after you’ve worked hard all day?Do you feel
like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout?You may be
experiencing productivity dysmorphia(生产力畸形).It is a way to describe the feeling of
failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when
you’re running on fumes.
Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed
“it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to
enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”.
Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity
that eats away at other areas of life.In fact,you’re often praised for putting productivity above
your well-being.Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance?Similarly,companies
prefer employees who get the maxi-mum work done while taking the fewest possible
breaks.Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work
is the right thing to do.
Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the
need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure
time.Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work
achievements.
Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive,as if people should stop
relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way.Not only does this mindset make it
difficult to view and celebrate your achievements,but it also pushes you to build your entire
life around work.The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals.The worst part?
There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.
1.What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in paragraph 1?
A.Tired.
B.Excited.
C.Satisfied.
D.Disappointed.
2.Which is the reason for constantly pursuing productivity?
A.Minor competitiveness.
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B.Pressure from jobs.
C.Instructions from the boss.
D.Internalized needs.
3.Which may be an example of productivity dysmorphia?
A.A man completes work in working hours.
B.A man enjoys leisure time with his family.
C.A woman works everywhere at anytime.
D.A woman stops for a relaxation regularly.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the description of some writers?
A.Favorable.
B.Negative.
C.Unconcerned.
D.Neutral.
Passage 2
(2023 安徽蚌埠三模)
Wheat and corn are used to make bread,pizza and other delicious foods,but in a few
years they could also power your car.Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful
fossil fuels that we’re used to using.It’s now well established that fossil fuels are incredibly
harmful to our health and the environment and they’re not renewable,either.When so many
people rely on petrol and diesel(柴油) to power vehicles,it makes sense to develop a
renewable alternative that’s easy to use.
That’s where biofuel comes in.The most common biofuel produced globally is
ethanol(乙醇),and it’s used frequently in Brazil and the US,while biodiesel is more popular in
Europe.However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues that need fixing before
they can go mainstream.It currently takes more ethanol than gasoline to produce the same
amount of energy,for instance.Production is expensive,and several parts of the process
sometimes use fossil fuels,which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.
Some environmental campaigners also say that it would be more useful to grow crops
for food rather than biofuel,and that growing crops for biofuel can cause problems with soil
loss and deforestation.Using land for fuel rather than food can lead to an increase in food
prices,too,and can affect natural habitats.
Crop and fat-based biofunels may not be perfect,but those aren’t the only biofuels
available.Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae(海藻) instead.This process uses
water and land that often isn’t suitable for many other situations,so it doesn’t take up space
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that’s useful for food production,and it often has better yields(产量) than other types of
biofuel components.
There’s plenty of development beyond algae,too.Some companies even use
seaweed.Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from
household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the
material that’s viable for biofuel production.These second-generation biofuels could make
biofuel far cheaper and more accessible,and help cut emissions down.
5.Why are biofuels supposed to replace fossil fuels?
A.Fossil fuels are difficult to produce.
B.Fossil fuels are harmful to vehicles.
C.Biofuels are economical and attainable.
D.Biofuels are eco-friendly and sustainable.
6.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The potential of gasoline.
B.The advantages of biofuels.
C.The popularity of ethanol in Europe.
D.The problems with first-generation biofuels.
7.Why is algae used to create biofuels by some organisations?
A.It can reduce soil loss.
B.It is often more productive.
C.It occupies no land to grow.
D.It helps to lower food prices.
8.What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Stable.
B.Durable.
C.Workable.
D.Flexible.
Passage 3
(2023 浙江杭州二模)
Kenya has been at the forefront(前沿) of the global war on plastic since the government
banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020.Unfortunately,the preventive
measures have barely received attention.Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer
polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily.However,if 29-year-old Nzambi
Matee has her way,the unsightly plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colorful bricks
.
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The materials engineer’s seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution
began in 2017.She quit her job and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard.It took her
nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to convince a partner to help build the
machinery to make them.But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and
did not give up.
She says,“I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution.But I was very
clear that the solution had to be practical,sustainable,and affordable.The best way to do this
was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and
affordable material to build homes.” Her company produces over 1,500 bricks a day.The
pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled.
The collected plastic is mixed with sand,heated at very high temperatures,and
compressed(压缩) into bricks that vary in color and thickness.The resulting product is
stronger,lighter,and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks.More importantly,it helps
repurpose the lowest quality of plastic.“There is that waste they cannot process anymore;they
cannot recycle.That is what we get,” Matee says.
Matee is not nearly done.Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by
increasing production and expanding her offerings.She says,“The more we recycle the
plastic,the more we produce affordable housing,the more we created more employment for
the youth.”
9.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 imply?
A.Matee’s method can be effective if adopted.
B.Matee’s idea has been widely accepted.
C.Colorful bricks are in huge demand.
D.Plastic waste hasn’t attracted enough attention.
10.Which of the following can best describe Nzambi Matee?
A.Generous and ambitious.
B.Confident and grateful.
C.Creative and resolved.
D.Optimistic and modest.
11.What is Nzambi Matee’s ultimate purpose in using a mix of plastic products?
A.To build cheaper houses.
B.To support the government.
C.To create job opportunities.
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D.To tackle plastic pollution.
12.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Kenya:Pioneer in Banning Plastic Single-use Plastics
B.Nzambi Matee:Innovator in Solving Plastic Waste
C.Mix of Plastic Products:A New Construction Material
D.Plastic Recycling:A Creative Solution to Pollution
答案：
考点分类练(九) 词句猜测题(3)
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生,其形成的原因,
以及对人们生活的影响。
1.A 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite
working full hours and nearing burnout?”以及画线词上文“It is a way to describe the
feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing
more,even when you’re”可知,生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对
自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故画线部分意思是“疲惫的”。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to
constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.”和第四段的“Plus,the
problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to
always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.”可知,内化
的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite
working full hours and nearing burnout?You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia.”
可推知,文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自
己已完成的工作没有成就感,故而“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可再生生物燃料目前存在的问题和好
处,以及对它的展望。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful
fossil fuels...that’s easy to use.”可推知,化石燃料对我们的健康和环境有害,而且它们也是
不可再生的,而生物燃料是环保和可持续的,所以要用生物燃料取代化石燃料。
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6.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have
got issues...which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.”可知,第二段主要讲
述了第一代生物燃料的问题。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae
instead...than other types of biofuel components.”可推知,用藻类制造生物燃料不会占用对
粮食生产有用的空间,而且具有更好的产量,所以是效率更高。
8.C 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中画线单词前文“Scientists are also working on plans
that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a
move that could massively increase the material”可推知,此处应该是增加可用于生物燃料
生产的材料,所以viable 应该是“可行的”之意,和C 项“Workable”意思相近。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了材料工程师Nzambi Matee 通过自己的
努力,创造性地解决塑料垃圾污染的问题。
9.A 词句猜测题。根据画线句子前的However 可知,该句话的意思与画线句子前的内
容为转折关系,根据画线句子前的“Unfortunately,the preventive measures have barely
received attention.Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get
dumped into landfills daily.”可知,政府的一些治理塑料污染的预防措施几乎没有取得实
质的效果,大量的垃圾仍然被倒进垃圾填埋场,由此可知,画线句子的意思与此相反,应为
“如果Matee 的方法被采用可能会有效”。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident
in her idea and did not give up.”可知Matee 对自己的想法绝不会放弃,说明她很有决心;根
据第三段中的“The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction
space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”可知,她认为最
好的方法是将废物引入建筑空间,这种想法很有创造性。由以上内容可知,Matee 是一个
有创造性且有决心的人。
11.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She says,‘I wanted to use my education to handle
plastic waste pollution...The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be
reprocessed or recycled.”可知,将塑料产品的混合物做成铺路砖最终目的是解决塑料污染
问题。
12.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The materials engineer’s seeking to find a practical
solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017.”可知,材料工程师Nzambi Matee 寻求实
用的方法来解决塑料垃圾污染问题,以及第三段中的“She says,‘I wanted to
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use...affordable material to build homes.’”可知,她认为解决问题的方法必须是实用、持续
以及可负担的,她提出了将塑料垃圾转换到建筑空间之中的想法,并结合全文可知,标题
“Nzambi Matee:解决塑料垃圾污染问题的创新者”符合文章主题。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)guilty adj.内疚的,羞愧的
2.(Passage 1)fail to do sth.未能做某事
3.(Passage 1)accomplishment n.成绩,成就
4.(Passage 1)pursuit n.追求
5.(Passage 1)rob sb.of sth.剥夺某人某物
6.(Passage 1)encounter vt.遇到,遭遇
7.(Passage 1)sense of fulfillment 成就感
8.(Passage 2)alternative n.替代品
9.(Passage 2)take up 占据
10.(Passage 2)abstract adj.抽象的
11.(Passage 3)ban vt.禁止
12.(Passage 3)barely adv.几乎没有
13.(Passage 3)seek to do sth.寻求做某事
14.(Passage 3)quit vt.离开(工作岗位、学校等)
15.(Passage 3)sustainable adj.可持续的
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)move n.措施
长难句分析:
(Passage 1)Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they
internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy
leisure time.
分析:本句为复合句。not...but 连接并列的表语从句that the boss tells them to do it 和that
they internalize the need to always be productive;even when they’re going some-where to
enjoy leisure time 为when 引导的时间状语从句。
句意:另外,问题不在于老板让他们这么做,而在于他们把保持高效率的需求内在化了,即
使他们要去某个地方享受休闲时光。
