译林版选必 B1U3 Wordlist Page 101-102 左边词汇讲解(详解版)
译林版选必 B1U3 Wordlist Page 101-102 左边词汇讲解(详解版)
1.*portrait/ˈpɔːtreɪt/ n. 肖像,半身画像;详细的描述,描绘(29)
2.landscape/ˈlændskeɪp/ n. 乡村风景画;风景,景色(29)
3.wander/ˈwɒndə(r)/ vi. & vt. 闲逛,漫步;走失;走神;蜿蜒曲折(30)
4.gallery/ˈɡæləri/ n. 展览馆,画廊;长廊,走廊;楼上旁听席(30)
5.decade/ˈdekeɪd; dɪˈkeɪd/ n. 十年,十年期 (30)
6.mostly/ˈməʊstli/ adv. 主要地,一般地 (30)
7.pond/pɒnd/ n. 池塘,水池(31)
8.*canvas/ˈkænvəs/ n. 画布,油画;帆布(31)
9.neighbourhood/ˈneɪbəhʊd/ (AmEneighborhood) n. 街区,城区;邻近的地方(31)
10.strike/straɪk/ vt. & vi. (struck, struck)突然想到;撞,碰;打;突击;罢工;划(火柴)n. 罢工;袭击;击,打 (31)
11.setting/ˈsetɪŋ/ n. 环境,背景;情节背景 (31)
12.like-minded/ˌlaɪk ˈmaɪndɪd/ adj. 想法相同的,志趣相投的(31)
13.liberation/ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/ n. 解放,摆脱(31)
14.opposed/əˈpəʊzd/ adj. 截然不同的;强烈反对的(31)
15.as opposed to(表示对比)而,相对于 (31)
16.dominate/ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ vt. & vi. 在…中具有最重要(或明显)的特色;支配,控制;占有优势;俯视(31)
17.employ/ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt. 运用,使用;雇用(31)
18.brushwork/ˈbrʌʃwɜːk/ n.(画家的)笔触,画法 (31)
19.realistic/ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk; ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 逼真的,栩栩如生的;现实的,实际的;明智的 (31)
20.essence/ˈesns/ n. 本质,精髓;香精,精油 (31)
21.vivid/ˈvɪvɪd/ adj. 鲜明的,耀眼的;生动的 (31)
22.vision/ˈvɪʒn/ n. 远见卓识;视力,视野;想象 (31)
23.display/dɪˈspleɪ/ vt. 陈列,展出;显示,表现n. 陈列,展览;表现;展示 (31)
24.worthy/ˈwɜːði/ adj. 值得(或应得)…的;值得尊敬的,值得注意的 (31)
25.calling/ˈkɔːlɪŋ/ n. 职业,事业;使命感(33)
26.shade/ʃeɪd/ n. 阴影部分;色度;阴凉处 (34)
27.bathe/beɪð/ vt. 以(光线)洒满,覆盖,使沐浴(在光线里);用水清洗(34)
1. *portrait /ˈpɔːtreɪt/ n. 肖像,半身画像;详细的描述,描绘 (29)
常用词性词形变化
名词:portraitist(肖像画家),portraiture(肖像画法)
形容词:portrait-like(肖像般的)
常用短语
paint a portrait 画一幅肖像
a family portrait 全家福
a portrait of 对……的描绘/肖像
a portrait painter 肖像画家
a vivid portrait 生动的描绘
常用句式
Hanging above the fireplace was a faded portrait of the house’s original owner, his eyes seeming to follow you around the room.
壁炉上方挂着一幅已经褪色的房子原主人肖像,他的眼睛仿佛在房间里处处跟随着你。
The novel offers a fascinating portrait of rural life in the early twentieth century.
这部小说对二十世纪早期的乡村生活做出了引人入胜的描绘。
She commissioned a well-known artist to paint a portrait of her elderly parents as a golden wedding anniversary gift.
她委托一位知名画家为她年迈的父母画一幅肖像,作为金婚纪念礼物。
关联词
painting(绘画),drawing(素描),depiction(描绘),sketch(速写)
特别注意点
portrait 既可指视觉上的“肖像画”,也可指文字上的“详细描述、描绘”。
注意发音:/ˈpɔːtreɪt/,结尾的 t 发音清晰。
作文写作可用句式
The biography draws a remarkably honest portrait of the artist, refusing to gloss over his flaws or exaggerate his virtues.
这部传记对那位艺术家做出了极其诚实的描绘,拒绝粉饰他的缺点或夸大他的美德。
2. landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/ n. 乡村风景画;风景,景色 (29)
常用词性词形变化
名词:landscaping(景观美化),landscapist(风景画家)
动词:landscape(对……做景观美化)
过去式/过去分词:landscaped
常用短语
a landscape painting 风景画
a bleak/rugged landscape 荒凉/崎岖的地貌
urban landscape 城市景观
political landscape 政治局面
the landscape of 是……的风景/格局
常用句式
The rolling hills and patchwork fields formed a landscape of such quiet beauty that the travellers stopped just to gaze at it.
连绵起伏的山丘和拼缀的田野构成了一幅如此宁静美丽的风景,旅行者们都停下来只为凝视它。
The invention of the internet has fundamentally altered the landscape of modern communication.
互联网的发明从根本上改变了现代通信的格局。
The garden was professionally landscaped to create a sense of peace and seclusion.
花园经过了专业的景观美化设计,以营造一种宁静幽僻之感。
关联词
scenery(风景),countryside(乡村),terrain(地形),vista(远景)
特别注意点
landscape 作“风景画”解时是可数名词,作“风景、地貌”解时可数或不可数。
引申义指“局面、格局”,如 the political landscape(政治格局)。
与 scenery 的区别:scenery 是不可数名词,指自然风景的整体;landscape 指一片特定的陆上风景或风景画。
作文写作可用句式
The economic landscape of the region has been reshaped so dramatically over the past decade that those who left years ago would scarcely recognise the place upon returning.
该地区的经济格局在过去十年中被重塑得如此剧烈,那些多年前离开的人回来后几乎认不出这个地方了。
3. wander /ˈwɒndə(r)/ vi. & vt. 闲逛,漫步;走失;走神;蜿蜒曲折 (30)
常用词性词形变化
名词:wanderer(漫游者,流浪者),wanderings(漫游,流浪)
形容词:wandering(漫游的;蜿蜒的;走神的)
过去式/过去分词:wandered
常用短语
wander around/about 四处闲逛
wander off 走失,走散;偏离主题
wander through the streets 在街上溜达
one’s mind wanders 走神
wander from the point 偏离正题
常用句式
We spent the whole afternoon wandering through the narrow cobbled streets of the old town with no particular destination in mind.
我们整个下午都在老城狭窄的鹅卵石街道上闲逛,心中并无特定的目的地。
Halfway through the lecture, my mind began to wander, drifting towards thoughts of the coming weekend.
讲座听到一半,我的思绪开始走神,飘向了即将到来的周末。
The little boy had wandered off from his mother in the crowd, and by the time she found him, tears were streaming down his cheeks.
小男孩在人群中跟妈妈走散了,等找到他的时候,泪水正顺着他的脸颊往下淌。
关联词
stroll(散步),roam(漫游),drift(漂移,走神),meander(蜿蜒,漫步)
特别注意点
wander 拼写和发音需与 wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/(想知道;奇迹)区分清楚。
mind wanders 是固定表达,表示“走神、心不在焉”。
wander off 既可指人“走失”,也可指话题“偏离”。
作文写作可用句式
Some of my most creative ideas have come to me while wandering aimlessly along the riverbank, my feet following the path while my mind roamed freely across uncharted territories. 我一些最具创意的想法是在河岸边漫无目的地漫步时出现的,双足沿着小径前行,而思绪则在未知的领域自由驰骋。
4. gallery /ˈɡæləri/ n. 展览馆,画廊;长廊,走廊;楼上旁听席 (30)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:galleries
名词:galleria(有顶棚的商业街廊)
常用短语
art gallery 美术馆
portrait gallery 肖像画廊
press gallery 记者席
public gallery 公众旁听席
play to the gallery 迎合大众口味,哗众取宠
常用句式
The new exhibition at the national gallery features over a hundred paintings from the Dutch Golden Age.
国家美术馆的新展览展出了一百多幅荷兰黄金时代的绘画作品。
From the public gallery above the courtroom, she watched the trial unfold with growing anxiety.
从法庭上方的公众旁听席,她带着愈加强烈的焦虑看着审判展开。
The long, marble-floored gallery of the palace was lined with statues of former kings and queens.
宫殿那条铺着大理石地板的长廊两旁排列着历代国王和王后的雕像。
关联词
museum(博物馆),exhibition hall(展厅),arcade(拱廊),corridor(走廊)
特别注意点
gallery 的第一个含义是“画廊、美术馆”,是常用义。
play to the gallery 是习语,表示“迎合大众、哗众取宠”。
在剧院中指“顶层楼座”,在议会/法庭中指“旁听席”。
作文写作可用句式
Standing in the hushed gallery before a painting created four centuries ago, I felt an almost eerie connection to the artist — as if his thoughts, preserved in pigment and canvas, had somehow travelled across time to meet mine.
站在安静的美术馆里,面对一幅四个世纪前创作的画作,我感到与那位画家之间近乎奇异的联结——仿佛他保存在颜料和画布中的思绪,不知何故穿越了时间与我的相遇了。
5. decade /ˈdekeɪd; dɪˈkeɪd/ n. 十年,十年期 (30)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:decades
形容词:decadal(十年的)
常用短语
for decades 几十年之久
in recent decades 近几十年来
a decade ago 十年前
over the past decade 在过去十年中
the coming decade 未来十年
常用句式
The small coastal village has transformed almost beyond recognition over the past three decades.
这座沿海小村在过去三十年间已变得几乎面目全非。
A decade may seem like a long time, but in the grand scheme of history, it is barely a single heartbeat.
十年也许看似漫长,但在历史的长河中,它不过是一瞬间的心跳。
She devoted nearly two decades of her life to researching a cure for the rare disease.
她几乎把自己生命中二十年的时光都献给了研究这种罕见病的疗法。
关联词
century(世纪),millennium(千年),era(时代),generation(一代人)
特别注意点
decade 常与 for 或 over 连用表示持续的时间段。
in recent decades 是写作中常用的时间状语,常用现在完成时。
复数 decades 比单数 decade 更常用于描述较长的时间跨度。
作文写作可用句式
The decisions we make in the first decade of our adult lives often set the course for everything that follows, yet we are rarely wise enough at that age to appreciate the weight of our choices.
我们在成年后头十年里所做的决定,往往为后来的一切定下了航向,然而在那个年纪我们很少足够明智到能意识到自己选择的分量。
6. mostly /ˈməʊstli/ adv. 主要地,一般地 (30)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:most(大多数的,最多的)
代词:most(大多数)
常用短语
consist mostly of 主要由……组成
mostly because 主要因为
be mostly about 主要是关于
mostly likely 极有可能
常用句式
The audience was mostly composed of young students eager to learn more about the topic.
观众主要由渴望更多了解这一话题的年轻学生组成。
The hike was enjoyable, mostly because the weather stayed fine and the views were spectacular.
徒步旅行很愉快,主要是因为天气一直很好,而且景色壮观。
The conversation was mostly about their shared memories of university days, punctuated by bursts of laughter.
谈话主要是围绕着他们对大学时光的共同回忆,不时爆发出阵阵笑声。
关联词
mainly(主要地),chiefly(首要地),largely(很大程度上),primarily(主要地)
特别注意点
mostly 与 most 的区别:mostly 是副词,修饰动词、形容词或整个句子;most 作副词时表示“最、非常”。
mostly 强调“在多数情况下、大体上”,不用于正式的比较结构。
作文写作可用句式
The best moments in life are mostly the simple ones we barely notice as they happen — a shared smile, a hand on the shoulder, a sunset that catches us off guard.
人生中最美好的时刻,大多是那些发生时我们几乎没注意到的简单瞬间——一次彼此相视而笑,一只搭在肩上的手,一个让我们措手不及的日落。
7. pond /pɒnd/ n. 池塘,水池 (31)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:ponds
常用短语
duck pond 养鸭池
garden pond 花园池塘
fish pond 鱼塘
across the pond 在大西洋彼岸(指英国或美国)
a pond of 一池……
常用句式
The children loved to feed the ducks that gathered around the village pond every morning.
孩子们喜欢给每天早上聚集在村塘边的鸭子喂食。
The garden was designed around a small lily pond, its still surface reflecting the sky like a dark mirror.
花园是围绕着一小方睡莲池设计的,池水平静无波,像一面深色的镜子映照着天空。
On summer evenings, the sound of frogs croaking from the pond drifted through our open windows.
夏夜里,池塘传来的蛙鸣声飘进我们敞开的窗户。
关联词
pool(水塘,水池),lake(湖),reservoir(水库),puddle(水洼)
特别注意点
pond 通常指自然或人工的小型静止水体,比lake 小。
across the pond 是固定俚语,指大西洋彼岸,常用于英美人彼此之间的轻松指代。
pond life 字面指“池塘生物”,也可用作贬义俚语指“令人厌恶的人”。
作文写作可用句式
The old pond in my grandmother’s garden had seen generations of children sail paper boats across its green surface, and its stillness seemed to hold within it the echoes of all their laughter.
祖母花园里那方老池塘,曾见过一代代孩子将纸船驶过它翠绿的水面,而它的静寂中似乎容纳着他们所有笑声的回响。
8. *canvas /ˈkænvəs/ n. 画布,油画;帆布 (31)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:canvases
形容词:canvas-like(像帆布的)
常用短语
on canvas 在画布上
a blank canvas 一张空白画布;可自由发挥的空间
oil on canvas 布面油画
canvas shoes 帆布鞋
under canvas 在帐篷里
常用句式
The artist stood before the blank canvas, brush in hand, waiting for the first stroke of inspiration to strike.
画家手持画笔,站在空白的画布前,等待灵感的第一笔来袭。
The painting, an oil on canvas, depicts a stormy sea crashing against a rocky coast.
这幅布面油画描绘了一片怒海冲击着岩石海岸的景象。
The children were excited to sleep under canvas for the first time on their camping trip.
孩子们在野营旅行中第一次睡在帐篷里,兴奋极了。
关联词
easel(画架),palette(调色板),paint(颜料),tent(帐篷)
特别注意点
注意区分 canvas(帆布/画布)和 canvass(拉选票,征求意见),发音相同但拼写和含义不同。
a blank canvas 常作比喻义,指“可以自由发挥的空间或状态”
作文写作可用句式
Every new morning is like a blank canvas stretched out before us — some days we paint boldly with bright colours, other days we hesitate, brush hovering uncertainly in the air.
每一个新的清晨都像一张在我们面前展开的空白画布——有些日子我们用明亮的色彩大胆挥毫,另一些日子我们则犹豫不决,画笔悬在空中摇摆不定。
9. neighbourhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ (AmE neighborhood) n. 街区,城区;邻近的地方 (31)
常用词性词形变化
名词:neighbour(邻居)
形容词:neighbouring(邻近的,附近的),neighbourly(友善的,睦邻友好的)
常用短语
in the neighbourhood 在附近
a residential neighbourhood 住宅区
the whole neighbourhood 整个街区/社区
a quiet neighbourhood 安静的街区
neighbourhood watch 邻里守望,社区联防
常用句式
They moved into a friendly neighbourhood where everyone knew each other and children played safely in the streets.
他们搬进了一个友好的街区,那里邻里之间都互相认识,孩子们可以安全地在街上玩耍。
The smell of freshly baked bread from the bakery in the neighbourhood drifted through my window every morning.
附近面包店里新鲜出炉的面包香每天早上都飘进我的窗户。
The whole neighbourhood came together to organise a street party for the royal wedding.
整个街区的人都聚在一起,为那场皇家婚礼组织了一场街头派对。
关联词
community(社区),district(区域),vicinity(附近地区),suburb(郊区)
特别注意点
英式拼写 neighbourhood,美式拼写 neighborhood。
in the neighbourhood 表示“在附近一带”,也可用 in the neighbourhood of 表示“大约”(数量)。
neighbourly 是形容词,指“像好邻居一样的、友善的”。
作文写作可用句式
The neighbourhood I grew up in has changed almost beyond recognition, but whenever I return, a certain slant of afternoon light on the old church tower instantly makes me feel that I have come home.
我长大的那个街区已变得几乎认不出来了,但每当我回去时,午后斜阳照在旧教堂钟楼上的那抹角度,立刻让我感到自己回到了家。
10. strike /straɪk/ vt. & vi. (struck, struck) 突然想到;撞,碰;打;突击;罢工;划(火柴)n. 罢工;袭击;击,打 (31)
常用词性词形变化
过去式/过去分词:struck
形容词:striking(引人注目的),stricken(受折磨的,受灾的)
名词:striker(罢工者;前锋)
常用短语
it strikes sb that …某人突然想到……
strike sb as 给某人以……的印象
strike a match 划火柴
strike a balance 取得平衡
go on strike 举行罢工
be struck by 被……所打动/击中
常用句式
It suddenly struck me that I had left the front door unlocked when we rushed out that morning.
我突然想到,那天早上我们匆匆出门时我忘了锁前门。
What really strikes me about the painting is the way the artist captured the light in the child’s eyes.
这幅画真正打动我的是画家捕捉到孩子眼中光芒的那种方式。
The workers voted to go on strike after negotiations with the management broke down completely.
与管理层的谈判完全破裂后,工人们投票决定举行罢工。
关联词
hit(击打,使突然想到),occur to(使想到),attack(袭击),punch(拳打)
特别注意点
strike 含义极为丰富,需根据语境判断。
it strikes sb that … = it occurs to sb that …(某人突然想到)。
strike sb as + adj. 是固定结构,表示“给某人……的印象”。
过去式和过去分词为 struck,不是 striked。
作文写作可用句式
It often strikes me as remarkable that the most profound life lessons come not from textbooks or formal education, but from quiet moments of reflection and the unguarded words of those who love us.
我常常想到,最深刻的人生教训并非来自教科书或正规教育,而是来自安静的反思时刻和那些爱我们的人未经粉饰的话语,这想来真是奇妙。
11. setting /ˈsetɪŋ/ n. 环境,背景;情节背景 (31)
常用词性词形变化
动词:set(放置;设定;以……为背景)
形容词:set(固定的,设定的)
常用短语
in a … setting 在……环境中
the setting of the story 故事的背景
a rural/urban setting 乡村/城市背景
provide a setting for 为……提供背景/环境
a natural setting 自然环境
常用句式
The novel’s mountain village setting is so vividly described that the reader can almost feel the crisp alpine air.
小说中那个山村背景被描绘得如此生动,读者几乎能感觉到那清冽的高山空气。
The wedding reception was held in a beautiful garden setting at the edge of the forest.
婚宴是在森林边缘一个美丽的花园环境中举行的。
The composer chose a medieval castle as the setting for his new opera.
作曲家选择了一座中世纪城堡作为他新歌剧的情节背景。
关联词
background(背景),environment(环境),scene(场景),context(上下文,背景)
特别注意点
setting 由 set + ing 构成,在文学/戏剧中指“情节发生的背景”,
也可指宝石的“镶嵌底座”。
set the scene/setting 是短语,表示“为……设定背景”
作文写作可用句式
The most romantic stories are often those in which the setting itself becomes almost a character — the windswept moor, the rain-lashed street, the dusty attic — shaping the lives of the people who move through it.
最浪漫的故事往往是那些背景本身几乎也成为一个角色的故事——狂风呼啸的荒原、被雨水冲刷的街道、布满灰尘的阁楼——都在塑造着在其中穿行的人物的命运。
12. like-minded /ˌlaɪk ˈmaɪndɪd/ adj. 想法相同的,志趣相投的 (31)
常用词性词形变化
名词:like-mindedness(志趣相投,想法一致)
常用短语
like-minded people 志趣相投的人
a like-minded group 志同道合的群体
be like-minded about 在……上意见一致
attract like-minded individuals 吸引志同道合者
常用句式
Joining the hiking club allowed her to meet a group of like-minded individuals who shared her passion for the outdoors.
加入徒步俱乐部让她结识了一群志同道合的人,他们分享着她对户外的热爱。
The two colleagues found they were remarkably like-minded on most issues concerning education reform.
两位同事发现他们在有关教育改革的大多数问题上都意见非常一致。
Starting a small business with a like-minded partner has been one of the most rewarding decisions of his life.
与一位志趣相投的伙伴一起创业,是他一生中最有回报的决定之一。
关联词
compatible(能和谐相处的),congenial(意气相投的),similar-minded(想法相似的),sympathetic(志同道合的,有共鸣的)
特别注意点
like-minded 是由 like(相似的)+ minded(有……思想的)构成的合成形容词,
用于形容在价值观、兴趣、目标等方面相似的人。
常用搭配:like-minded people / individuals / souls / friends
作文写作可用句式
Throughout history, the greatest breakthroughs have often been achieved by small bands of like-minded individuals who, against all odds, believed passionately that the world could be changed.
纵观历史,最伟大的突破往往是由一小群志同道合的人取得的,他们不顾一切困难,热烈地相信世界是可以被改变的。
13. liberation /ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/ n. 解放,摆脱 (31)
常用词性词形变化
动词:liberate(解放,使摆脱)
形容词:liberated(被解放的,思想解放的),liberating(令人感到解放的)
名词:liberator(解放者)
常用短语
national liberation 民族解放
women’s liberation 妇女解放
the liberation of 对……的解放
a sense of liberation 解脱感
常用句式
The end of the long conflict brought about the liberation of the occupied territories.
漫长冲突的结束带来了被占领土的解放。
For her, learning to drive was an act of personal liberation, giving her the freedom to go wherever she wished.
对她来说,学会开车是一种个人的解放,让她能自由地去任何想去的地方。
The abolition of the outdated law was celebrated as a great liberation by the younger generation.
废除那条过时的法律被年轻一代欢呼为一次伟大的解放。
关联词
freedom(自由),emancipation(解放,解放运动),release(释放),independence(独立)
特别注意点
liberation 的动词形式是 liberate,常用搭配:liberate … from …(把……从……中解放出来)。
与 freedom 的区别:liberation 更强调“从束缚或压迫中解放出来的过程”;freedom 指“自由的状态”。
Women’s liberation 指二十世纪六七十年代的妇女解放运动。
作文写作可用句式
True liberation is not simply the breaking of visible chains, but the quiet, internal unshackling from the fears and self-doubts that have held us captive far longer than any iron ever could.
真正的解放不仅仅是打碎可见的锁链,而是那种安静的、内在的解脱——从那些比任何铁链都束缚了我们更久的恐惧和自我怀疑中挣脱出来。
14. opposed /əˈpəʊzd/ adj. 截然不同的;强烈反对的 (31)
常用词性词形变化
动词:oppose(反对)
名词:opposition(反对,对立),opponent(对手,反对者)
形容词:opposing(对立的,相反的)
常用短语
be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
as opposed to 与……相对,而
diametrically opposed 截然相反的
strongly opposed 强烈反对的
常用句式
Most of the parents were strongly opposed to the school’s decision to cut the music programme.
大多数家长强烈反对学校砍掉音乐课程的决定。
His views on education are completely opposed to those of his predecessor.
他对教育的看法与他前任的观点截然相反。
She prefers to spend her weekends reading at home, as opposed to her husband, who would rather be out hiking.
她周末喜欢在家看书,而她丈夫则宁愿外出徒步。
关联词
against(反对),contrary(相反的),averse(反对的),resistant(抵制的)
特别注意点
be opposed to 中的 to 是介词,后接名词或动名词。
as opposed to 是常用短语,表示对比,相当于“而不是、与……相对”(详见第15词条)。
与 opposing 的区别:opposed 指“持反对态度的”,opposing 指“对立的、相反的”。
作文写作可用句式
Being opposed to a popular view requires considerable courage, for society has a subtle way of punishing those who dare to swim against its current.
反对一种流行的观点需要相当大的勇气,因为社会有一种微妙的方式来惩罚那些敢于逆流而行的人。
15. as opposed to (表示对比)而,相对于 (31)
常用句式
The course focuses on practical skills, as opposed totheoretical knowledge.
这门课程侧重实用技能,而非理论知识。
I prefer travelling by train, as opposed toflying, because the slower pace allows me to absorb the changing landscape.
我更喜欢乘火车旅行,而不是坐飞机,因为较慢的节奏能让我欣赏沿途变换的风景。
The new model uses renewable energy, as opposed toits predecessor, which relied on fossil fuels.
新款使用可再生能源,而旧款则依赖化石燃料。
关联词
rather than(而不是),in contrast to(与……形成对比),instead of(代替,而不是),compared with(与……相比)
特别注意点
as opposed to 是固定短语,用于强调所提及的事物与前面所说的事物不同,
书面语和口语中均可使用,语气比 rather than 更正式一些,
to 后面接名词或动名词
作文写作可用句式
A truly educated person is defined by the ability to think critically and compassionately, as opposed to merely possessing a collection of facts and certificates.
一个真正受过教育的人,是由其批判性和富有同情心的思维能力来定义的,而非仅仅拥有一堆事实和证书。
16. dominate /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ vt. & vi. 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色;支配,控制;占有优势;俯视 (31)
常用词性词形变化
名词:domination(支配,控制),dominance(优势,主导地位)
形容词:dominant(支配的,占优势的),dominating(高耸的,霸气的)
过去式/过去分词:dominated
常用短语
dominate the market 主导市场
dominate a conversation 主导谈话
be dominated by 被……所支配/占据
dominate the skyline 高耸于天际线之上
常用句式
The castle dominates the landscape for miles around, its ancient towers visible from every direction.
那座城堡高高耸立于方圆数英里的景观之中,从任何方向都能看到它古老的塔楼。
The discussion was unfortunately dominated by a few loud voices, and many quieter opinions went unheard.
不幸的是,讨论被几个大嗓门主导了,许多较安静的意见没有被听到。
The desire for power can easily dominate a person’s life, leaving little room for genuine human connection.
对权力的渴望很容易支配一个人的一生,给真正的人际关系留下很少的空间。
关联词
control(控制),rule(统治),overshadow(使……相形见绌),command(掌控)
特别注意点
dominate 既可用于主动语态(dominate the landscape),也可用于被动语态(be dominated by),
在表示“俯视、高耸”时,主语通常是高大的建筑物或自然物。
名词 dominance 常与 over 搭配:dominance over sth(对……的优势/主导地位)。
作文写作可用句式
In that vast, empty landscape, the solitary mountain rose from the plain to dominate the horizon, reminding every traveller that nature’s majesty needs no audience to be complete.
在那片辽阔空旷的景致中,那座孤山从平原上拔地而起,主宰着地平线,提醒着每一个旅人,大自然的威严无需观众便已完美无缺。
17. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt. 运用,使用;雇用 (31)
常用词性词形变化
名词:employment(雇用,就业),employer(雇主),employee(雇员),employability(就业能力)
形容词:employable(适于雇用的),employed(受雇的)
过去式/过去分词:employed
常用短语
be employed as 被雇为……
employ a technique 运用技巧
employ one’s time 利用时间
in the employ of 受雇于……
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
常用句式
The artist employs a unique combination of traditional and digital techniques to create her striking images.
这位艺术家运用传统与数码技法的独特结合来创作她那引人注目的图像。
The factory currently employs over three hundred workers from the local community.
这家工厂目前雇用了来自当地社区的三百多名工人。
She found herself employed as a consultant for the company, advising them on their overseas expansion.
她受雇为那家公司的顾问,为他们的海外扩张提供建议。
关联词
hire(雇用),use(使用),utilize(利用),engage(聘用)
特别注意点
employ 除了“雇用”外,正式的“使用、运用”(方法、技巧等)也是高考常见义。
employee 与 employer 的区别:employee 是被雇的人(雇员),employer 是雇主。
名词employment 的反义词是 unemployment(失业)。
作文写作可用句式
A wise writer employs simple words to express profound truths, understanding that clarity is a greater art than complexity.
一位明智的作家运用简单的词语来表达深刻的真理,深知清晰明了是比复杂高深更伟大的艺术。
18. brushwork /ˈbrʌʃwɜːk/ n.(画家的)笔触,画法 (31)
常用词性词形变化
不可数名词,无复数形式
常用短语
bold brushwork 大胆的笔触
delicate brushwork 细腻的笔法
energetic brushwork 充满活力的笔触
traditional Chinese brushwork 中国传统笔法
常用句式
The painting’s energetic brushwork gives it a sense of movement and life that a photograph could never capture.
这幅画充满活力的笔触赋予了它一种摄影永远无法捕捉的动感与生命力。
Experts were able to identify the artist by his distinctive brushwork, which was unlike that of any of his contemporaries.
专家通过他独特的笔法辨认出了这位画家,那与他任何同时代画家的笔法都截然不同。
The art students spent hours studying the master’s brushwork, trying to understand how he achieved such subtle effects.
艺术生们花了数小时研究那位大师的笔触,试图理解他是如何达到如此微妙的画面效果的。
关联词
stroke(一笔),technique(技法),hand(手法),style(风格)
特别注意点
brushwork 是不可数名词,由 brush + work构成,
主要用于绘画评论和艺术教育领域。
不同于 brush stroke(通常指单一笔触),brushwork 指整体笔法风格。
作文写作可用句式
Looking closely at the painting, one can see how the artist’s brushwork shifts from feather-light touches in the sky to thick, impasto strokes in the foreground, as if the paint itself is telling a story of its own.
仔细看这幅画,可以看见画家的笔触如何从天际羽毛般轻的触碰转为前景中厚涂的厚重笔触,仿佛颜料本身也在述说着自己的故事。
19. realistic /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk; ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adj. 逼真的,栩栩如生的;现实的,实际的;明智的 (31)
常用词性词形变化
名词:realism(现实主义),realist(现实主义者)
副词:realistically(现实地,如实地)
形容词:real(真实的,实际的)
常用短语
a realistic portrayal 逼真的描绘
be realistic about 对……持现实态度
a realistic goal 切合实际的目标
realistic expectations 切合实际的期望
keep it realistic 保持现实
常用句式
The wax figure was so realistic that visitors to the museum kept thinking it was about to move.
这尊蜡像做得如此逼真,博物馆的参观者一直以为它就要动起来了。
Let’s be realistic — we cannot complete this project in just one week with only three people working on it.
咱们现实一点吧——仅靠三个人在一周内是无法完成这个项目的。
She has a very realistic understanding of her own strengths and weaknesses.
她对自己的长处和短处有非常实际的认识。
关联词
lifelike(栩栩如生的),practical(实际的),sensible(明智的),down-to-earth(脚踏实地的)
特别注意点
realistic 有两种常见发音:/ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/和 /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/。
可形容艺术作品“逼真的”,也可形容人生态度“现实的、实际的”。
realistically 可用作句首副词:Realistically, we cannot expect the situation to improve overnight.(从现实来看,我们不能指望情况一夜之间改善。)
作文写作可用句式
Being realistic does not mean abandoning our dreams; it means choosing a path toward them that acknowledges the obstacles without being defeated by them.
现实并不意味着放弃梦想;而是意味着选择一条通往梦想的道路,承认障碍的存在却不被其打败。
20. essence /ˈesns/ n. 本质,精髓;香精,精油 (31)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:essential(本质的,必不可少的)
副词:essentially(本质上,根本上)
常用短语
in essence 本质上,实质上
the essence of ……的本质/精髓
capture the essence of 捕捉……的精髓
of the essence 至关重要的
time is of the essence 时间至关重要
常用句式
In essence, the problem is not a lack of resources but a failure to distribute them fairly.
从本质上说,问题不在于缺乏资源,而在于未能公平地分配资源。
A few drops of vanilla essence can transform a simple cake into something special.
几滴香草香精就能把一个简单的蛋糕变得别具风味。
The photograph really captures the essence of that moment — the pure, unguarded joy on her face.
这张照片真正捕捉到了那一刻的精髓——她脸上那种纯粹而不加掩饰的喜悦。
关联词
nature(本质),spirit(精神),core(核心),soul(灵魂)
特别注意点
essence 是不可数名词。
of the essence 是固定短语,表示“至关重要的”,常用 time is of the essence。
形容词 essential 是高考核心词汇。
作文写作可用句式
The essence of a great education lies not in the volume of information transferred but in the spark of curiosity ignited in the student’s mind — a spark that can burn for a lifetime.
伟大教育的精髓不在于传递的信息量,而在于学生头脑中被点燃的好奇心的火花——这火花可以燃烧一生。
21. vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/ adj. 鲜明的,耀眼的;生动的 (31)
常用词性词形变化
副词:vividly(生动地,鲜明地)
名词:vividness(生动,鲜明)
常用短语
vivid colours 鲜明的色彩
a vivid memory 清晰的记忆
vivid imagination 丰富的想象力
vivid description 生动的描述
paint a vivid picture 描绘出鲜明的画面
常用句式
The sunset painted the sky in vivid shades of crimson and gold, as if the heavens were ablaze.
夕阳用鲜明的深红与金色渲染了天空,仿佛苍穹在燃烧。
I have a vivid memory of my first day at primary school — the smell of new crayons, the squeak of chalk on the board.
我对上小学的第一天有着清晰的记忆——新蜡笔的味道,粉笔在黑板上发出的嘎吱声。
Her vivid descriptions of the remote mountain village made her readers feel as though they had travelled there themselves.
她对那个偏远山村的生动描述,让读者仿佛自己亲身去过那里一样。
关联词
bright(明亮的),colourful(色彩丰富的),lively(生动的),striking(鲜明的)
特别注意点
vivid 既可形容视觉上的“鲜艳明亮”,也可形容记忆、描述等“生动清晰的”。
vividly 是副词,常用搭配:remember vividly(清楚地记得),describe vividly(生动地描述)。
vivid imagination 是高频搭配,表示“丰富的想象力”。
作文写作可用句式
Decades later, I can still recall with vivid clarity the moment my grandfather first placed a paintbrush in my small hand and told me that every colour had a story to tell.
几十年后,我仍然能够清晰地回忆起祖父第一次把画笔放进我小手的那一刻,他告诉我每一种颜色都有一个故事要讲。
22. vision /ˈvɪʒn/ n. 远见卓识;视力,视野;想象 (31)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:visionary(有远见的,有眼光的),visual(视觉的)
动词:envision(想象,设想)
名词:visionary(有远见的人)
常用短语
a man of vision 有远见的人
have a vision of 想象出……
field of vision 视野
impaired vision 受损的视力
night vision 夜视能力
常用句式
The successful entrepreneur was known as a man of great vision who could anticipate trends years ahead of the market.
那位成功的企业家以其卓越的远见卓识而闻名,他能够提前数年预测市场趋势。
As she grew older, her vision began to deteriorate, and she had to rely on stronger glasses.
随着年龄增长,她的视力开始下降,不得不依赖度数更深的眼镜。
He had a clear vision of the kind of society he wanted to help build — one where no child went hungry.
他对自己想要帮助建立的那种社会有着清晰的想象——一个没有孩子挨饿的社会。
关联词
sight(视力),foresight(先见之明),imagination(想象),perspective(视角,远景)
特别注意点
vision 有三个核心义项:①视力②想象/幻想/幻觉③远见/眼光
与 sight 的区别:vision 更正式,可指“视力”或“想象中的景象”;sight 更日常,指“看见的能力”或“所见的景象”
形容词 visionary 指“有远见的”或“空想的”
作文写作可用句式
The true gift of a teacher is not merely to fill minds with knowledge, but to give students a vision of what they might become and the courage to pursue it.
教师真正的天赋不仅仅是往学生头脑中填充知识,而是给学生一个他们可能成为什么样子的愿景,以及追求这一愿景的勇气。
23. display /dɪˈspleɪ/ vt. 陈列,展出;显示,表现 n. 陈列,展览;表现;展示 (31)
常用词性词形变化
过去式/过去分词:displayed
名词复数:displays
常用短语
on display 在展出
put sth on display 把某物拿出来展览
a dazzling display of ……的炫目展示
display remarkable courage 表现出非凡的勇气
window display 橱窗陈列
常用句式
The museum has put on display a collection of ancient pottery that was recently unearthed from a local tomb.
博物馆展出了一批最近从当地一座墓葬中出土的古代陶器。
She never displays her emotions publicly, but those close to her know how deeply she cares.
她从不公开表露自己的情感,但亲近她的人都知道她的关心有多深。
The fireworks show was a spectacular display of light and colour that lit up the entire harbour.
那场烟花表演是对光与色的一次壮观展示,照亮了整个港湾。
关联词
exhibit(展出),show(展示),demonstrate(演示,表露),present(展示)
特别注意点
display 既是及物动词也是名词。
on display 是固定短语,意为“在展出中”。
display emotions/feelings(表露情感)是常用搭配。
作文写作可用句式
The Northern Lights put on a display so breathtaking that we stood speechless in the frozen night, watching curtains of green and purple dance silently across the star-scattered sky.
极光上演了一场如此令人屏息的展示,我们在冰冻的夜色中无言伫立,看着一道道翠绿与紫色的光幕在繁星散落的天空中静静起舞。
24. worthy /ˈwɜːði/ adj. 值得(或应得)……的;值得尊敬的,值得注意的 (31)
常用词性词形变化
名词:worthiness(值得,有价值)
副词:worthily(值得地,当之无愧地)
形容词:worth(值……的,值得的),worthwhile(值得花时间/精力的)
常用短语
be worthy of 值得,应得
be worthy to do sth 配得上做某事
a worthy cause 有价值的事业
a worthy champion 当之无愧的冠军
worthy of note/mention 值得注意/一提的
常用句式
Her selfless service to the community makes her worthy of the highest respect and admiration.
她对社区的无私奉献使她配得上最高的敬意和钦佩。
It was a truly worthy performance that left the entire audience deeply moved.
那是一场真正值得赞赏的表演,让全场观众深受感动。
The charity supports several worthy causes, including providing clean water and education for children in remote areas.
该慈善机构支持着多项有价值的事业,包括为偏远地区的儿童提供清洁饮水和教育。
关联词
deserving(值得的,应得的),admirable(令人钦佩的),commendable(值得称赞的),worthwhile(值得做的)
特别注意点
worthy of + 名词/动名词,worthy to do sth。
worth 与 worthy 的区别:worth 后直接接名词/动名词(sth is worth doing);worthy 后接 of(sth is worthy of attention)。
worthwhile 可作定语或表语,表示“值得花时间/精力的”。
作文写作可用句式
A life worthy of the name is not one measured by wealth or fame, but by the quiet difference we make in the lives of those who cross our path.
名副其实的人生,不是以财富或名声来衡量的人生,而是以我们曾在那些与我们生命交集的人们生活中留下的默默改变来衡量的人生。
25. calling /ˈkɔːlɪŋ/ n. 职业,事业;使命感 (33)
常用词性词形变化
动词:call(呼唤,称为)
名词:call(呼唤,号召)
常用短语
find one’s calling 找到自己的使命/天职
a sense of calling 使命感
answer the calling 回应使命
a true calling 真正的事业/使命
常用句式
After years of working in finance, she finally found her true calling in teaching.
在金融界工作了多年之后,她终于在教学中找到了自己真正的事业。
Nursing is more than just a job for her — it’s a calling that gives her life deep meaning.
护理对她来说不仅仅是一份工作——它是一种赋予她生命深刻意义的使命感。
He never doubted that medicine was his calling, even during the most challenging years of his training.
即使在培训中最具挑战的年头里,他也从未怀疑过医学就是他的天职。
关联词
vocation(职业,天职),profession(职业),mission(使命),purpose(目标,意义)
特别注意点
calling 在宗教语境中可指“神的召唤、感召”,在现代用法中常指“使命感、天职”。
与 vocation 的区别:calling 更强调内心的召唤和使命感,vocation 更正式也更常用于指需要专门技能的职业。
find one’s calling 是高频搭配。
作文写作可用句式
The happiest people I know are not necessarily the wealthiest or the most successful by conventional measures, but those who have discovered their true calling and pursue it with unwavering passion.
我所认识的最快乐的人,未必是那些以传统标准衡量最富有或最成功的人,而是那些发现了自己真正的使命并怀着坚定不移的热情去追求它的人。
26. shade /ʃeɪd/ n. 阴影部分;色度;阴凉处 (34)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:shady(阴凉的;可疑的),shaded(遮阴的)
动词:shade(为……遮阴,遮挡光线)
常用短语
in the shade 在阴凉处
a shade of 一抹/一丝……(颜色、含义等)
shades of meaning 细微的含义差别
window shade 窗帘,百叶窗
put … in the shade 使……黯然失色
常用句式
We sat in the shade of the old oak tree, grateful for the relief from the blazing midday sun.
我们坐在老橡树的阴凉下,感激能从正午灼热的烈日下获得解脱。
The artist mixed several different shades of blue to capture the exact colour of the sea at dawn.
画家混合了好几种不同色度的蓝,以捕捉黎明时分大海的确切颜色。
There was a shade of sadness in her smile that told me all was not well.
她的微笑中带着一丝悲伤,这告诉我并非一切都好。
关联词
shadow(影子),hue(色调),tint(淡色),tone(色调)
特别注意点
shade 与 shadow 的区别:shade 指阳光被遮挡后形成的阴凉区域,不可数;shadow 指物体挡住光线后投下的具体影子,可数。
a shade of 可表示“一抹颜色”或“一丝情感/含义”。
复数 shades 可表示“细微差别”(shades of meaning)或“太阳镜”(非正式)
作文写作可用句式
Under the dappled shade of the cherry tree, with petals drifting down around us like pink snow, my grandmother told me stories of her own childhood in this very garden.
在樱花树斑驳的树荫下,花瓣如粉色的雪在我们四周飘落,祖母给我讲起了她就在这个花园中度过的童年的故事。
27. bathe /beɪð/ vt. 以(光线)洒满,覆盖,使沐浴(在光线里);用水清洗 (34)
常用词性词形变化
名词:bath(沐浴,洗澡),bather(游泳者,洗澡的人)
形容词:bathed(被……覆盖/沐浴的),bathing(可游泳的,洗浴的)
过去式/过去分词:bathed
常用短语
be bathed in light/sunshine 沐浴在光线/阳光中
be bathed in sweat 汗流浃背
bathe one’s eyes 清洗眼睛
bathe a wound 清洗伤口
go bathing 去游泳/洗浴
常用句式
The whole valley was bathed in the warm, golden light of the setting sun.
整个山谷沐浴在落日温暖的金色光芒中。
She gently bathed the child’s cut knee with warm water and then applied a clean bandage.
她用温水轻轻清洗了孩子割伤的膝盖,然后贴上了一块干净的创可贴。
After the long hike, his forehead was bathed in sweat, but his eyes sparkled with exhilaration.
长途徒步之后,他的额头汗涔涔的,但眼睛因兴奋而闪闪发光。
关联词
wash(清洗),soak(浸泡),illuminate(照亮),envelop(笼罩)
特别注意点
bathe 作“用水清洗”解时是及物动词(bathe the wound),作“游泳”解是不及物动词(go bathing),英式英语中常用。
be bathed in light/sunshine/moonlight 是优美的文学表达,高频出现在描写性文字中。
注意发音:/beɪð/,与 bath /bɑːθ/ 和 bathe /beɪð/ 的发音需区分。
作文写作可用句式
The old stone church stood silently on the hilltop, bathed from all sides by the silver radiance of the full moon, as if it had been lifted from the earth and placed in some timeless realm between waking and dreaming.
那座古老石砌教堂静静地矗立在山顶上,四周沐浴在满月银色的光辉之中,仿佛已从大地上被托举起来,置于清醒与梦境之间某个永恒的境界里。
夜雨聆风