译林版选必 B1U3 Wordlist Page 103 词汇讲解(详解版)
译林版选必 B1U3 Wordlist Page 103 词汇讲解(详解版)
51.enormous/ɪˈnɔːməs/ adj. 巨大的,庞大的 (39)
52.comprehensive/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj. 全面的,详尽的;综合性的(40)
53.clothing/ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ n. 衣服,服装(40)
54.temple/ˈtempl/ n. 庙宇,寺院(40)
55.structure/ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 建筑物;结构,构造;精心组织(40)
56.overall/ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ adj.全面的,综合的adv. 全部,总计;一般来说,大体上 (40)
57.critic/ˈkrɪtɪk/ n. 批评家,评论家;批评者,挑剔的人(40)
58.inspection/ɪnˈspekʃn/ n.检查,查看,审视;视察(40)
59.expose/ɪkˈspəʊz/ vt. 揭露,揭穿;暴露,显露;使遭受;使接触(40)
60.political/pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. 政治的,政府的,政权的;政党的,党派的(40)
61.soldier/ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 军人,士兵(40)
62.crisis/ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. (pl. crises /ˈkraɪsiːz/) 危机,危急关头;危难时刻,病危期(40)
63.decline/dɪˈklaɪn/ n. 衰退,衰落,减少,下降vi. & vt. 减少,下降,衰退,衰落;谢绝 (40)
64.overthrow/ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/ vt. (overthrew, overthrown) 推翻,打倒/ˈəʊvəθrəʊ/ n.推翻,打倒 (40)
65.be down to由…引起(或造成) (40)
66.*scale/skeɪl/ n. 规模,范围;等级,级别;标度;比例(40)
67.emperor/ˈempərə(r)/ n. 皇帝(40)
68.in one’s own right凭自身的资格(或努力) (40)
69.outstanding/aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 优秀的,杰出的;突出的,明显的(40)
70.exhibition/ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ n. 展览,展出(40)
71.rare/reə(r)/ adj.稀少的,罕见的;稀罕的,珍贵的 (40)
72.speak volumes about充分说明,清楚表明 (40)
73.historic/hɪˈstɒrɪk/ adj.历史上著名的;有史时期的(40)
74.career/kəˈrɪə(r)/ n. 经历,事业;生涯,职业 (41)
51. enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ adj. 巨大的,庞大的 (39)
常用词性词形变化
副词:enormously(巨大地,非常地)
名词:enormity(巨大;严重性),enormousness(庞大,巨大)
常用短语
an enormous amount of 大量的
enormous pressure 巨大的压力
an enormous success 巨大的成功
of enormous importance 极其重要的
enormously wealthy 极其富有的
常用句式
The new shopping mall occupies an enormous area of land that was once a public park.
那座新的购物中心占据了一大片曾经是公园的土地。
She felt an enormous sense of relief when the doctor told her the test results were normal.
当医生告诉她检查结果正常时,她感到一种巨大的解脱。
The task of cleaning up the entire beach seemed enormous, but the volunteers tackled it with cheerful determination.
清理整片海滩的任务看似庞大,但志愿者们以愉快的决心投入其中。
关联词
huge(巨大的),vast(辽阔的,巨大的),immense(无边的,巨大的),tremendous(极大的,惊人的)
特别注意点
enormous 强调尺寸、数量或程度超越寻常的巨大,语气比 big 或 large 强烈得多。
enormously 是程度副词,常用于修饰形容词,如enormously grateful(极其感激)。
可修饰抽象名词:enormous influence/impact/potential。
作文写作可用句式
The enormous old library, with its endless rows of dusty shelves, held within its silent walls the accumulated wisdom of centuries — a reminder that no single lifetime could ever read all that human minds had thought and written.
那座庞大的老图书馆,有着无尽排列的落满灰尘的书架,在沉默的四壁中容纳着数个世纪积累下来的智慧——提醒着人们,没有任何一个人的一生能够读完人类心灵所思所写的全部内容。
52. comprehensive /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj. 全面的,详尽的;综合性的 (40)
常用词性词形变化
动词:comprehend(理解,领悟)
名词:comprehension(理解力),comprehensiveness(全面,详尽)
副词:comprehensively(全面地,详尽地)
常用短语
a comprehensive review 全面的审查/复习
comprehensive insurance 综合保险
a comprehensive school 综合中学
comprehensive coverage 全面报道
a comprehensive list 详尽的清单
常用句式
The report provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges facing the education system.
这份报告提供了对教育系统所面临挑战的全面概述。
She kept a comprehensive journal of her travels, recording not just sights but also sounds, smells, and conversations.
她坚持记了一本详尽的旅行日记,不仅记录所见之景,还记录了声音、气味和交谈。
The new policy was comprehensively rejected by the voters.
新政策被选民全面否决。
关联词
thorough(彻底的),complete(完整的),extensive(广泛的),exhaustive(详尽无遗的)
特别注意点
comprehensive 由comprehend + sive 构成,本义与“理解、包含”相关,引申为“涵盖全面的”。
comprehensive school 在英式英语中指招收不同能力学生的综合中学。
comprehensive insurance 指涵盖多种风险的“综合保险”。
作文写作可用句式
A truly comprehensive education must address not only the intellect but also the heart —cultivating empathy, resilience, and the ability to see the world through others’ eyes.
真正全面的教育不仅必须启迪智力,也必须滋养心灵——培养同理心、韧性以及透过他人眼睛看世界的能力。
53. clothing /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ n. 衣服,服装 (40)
常用词性词形变化
动词:clothe(给……穿衣,覆盖)
名词:cloth(布,布料),clothes(衣服)
形容词:clothed(穿着衣服的)
常用短语
a piece/item of clothing 一件衣服
protective clothing 防护服
warm clothing 保暖衣物
winter/summer clothing 冬装/夏装
the clothing industry 服装业
常用句式
The refugees urgently needed warm clothing and blankets to survive the harsh winter.
难民们急需保暖衣物和毯子以度过严冬。
She always donates her children’s outgrown clothing to the local charity shop.
她总是把孩子们穿不下的衣服捐给当地的慈善商店。
Workers in the laboratory are required to wear special protective clothing at all times.
实验室的工作人员必须时刻穿着专门的防护服。
关联词
clothes(衣服),garment(一件衣服),attire(服装,盛装),apparel(服装,衣着)
特别注意点
clothing 是不可数名词,指“衣物”的总称;clothes是复数名词,指具体的“衣服”。
表示“一件衣服”用 a piece/an item of clothing,不直接说 a clothing。
cloth 指“布料”,clothe是动词“给……穿衣”。
作文写作可用句式
The simple act of folding my grandmother’s old clothing after she passed away — each sweater still carrying the faint scent of lavender — was a quiet farewell that no words could have expressed.
祖母过世后,我折叠她的旧衣服——每一件毛衣仍带着淡淡的薰衣草香——那简单之举是一场任何言语都无法表达的沉默告别。
54. temple /ˈtempl/ n. 庙宇,寺院 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:temples
常用短语
a Buddhist temple 佛寺
a temple bell 寺庙的钟
temple ruins 寺庙遗址
a temple fair 庙会
常用句式
The ancient temple stood silent among the misty mountains, its weathered stone steps worn smooth by centuries of pilgrims.
那座古寺静静地矗立在云雾缭绕的群山之中,它那饱经风霜的石阶被数个世纪的朝圣者磨得光滑如镜。
At dawn, the monks gathered in the temple courtyard to chant their morning prayers.
拂晓时分,僧侣们聚集在寺院庭院中做晨课念诵。
The Temple of Heaven in Beijing is one of the finest examples of traditional Chinese architecture.
北京的天坛是中国传统建筑最杰出的典范之一。
关联词
shrine(神社,圣祠),monastery(修道院,寺院),pagoda(佛塔),mosque(清真寺)
特别注意点
temple 泛指各种宗教的庙宇、神殿,但最常指佛教、印度教和古代多神教的寺庙。
也可指人体太阳穴部位的“颞部”(the temples)。
temple fair 是中国文化中“庙会”的表达。
作文写作可用句式
The old temple bell tolled three times across the silent valley, each deep note hanging in the cold air before slowly fading into the mist — a sound that seemed to belong as much to the past as to the present.
古寺的钟声在寂静的山谷间响了三下,每一个深沉的音符都悬在清冷的空气中,然后慢慢消融在雾气里——那声音似乎既属于过往,也属于当下。
55. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 建筑物;结构,构造;精心组织 (40)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:structural(结构的,构造的)
副词:structurally(在结构上)
动词:structure(精心组织,安排)
过去式/过去分词:structured
常用短语
social structure 社会结构
the structure of ……的结构
sentence structure 句子结构
a wooden structure 木结构建筑
be structured around 围绕……组织/构建
常用句式
The essay needs a clearer structure; at the moment, the arguments jump from one idea to the next.
这篇文章需要更清晰的结构;眼下各个论点从一个想法跳到另一个,缺乏连贯。
The old stone structure had once been a flour mill, though its roof had caved in decades ago.
那座老石砌建筑曾是一座面粉磨坊,尽管它的屋顶几十年前就已经塌了。
He carefully structured his speech to lead the audience step by step towards his main conclusion.
他精心组织了演讲,一步步引导听众走向他的主要结论。
关联词
framework(框架),organisation(组织),building(建筑),composition(构成)
特别注意点
structure 既可作名词也可作动词。
作名词指“结构”时可数或不可数,指“建筑物”时可数。
structured 是形容词,表示“精心安排的、条理清楚的”,如 a structured approach(有条理的方法)。
作文写作可用句式
A well-lived life, like a well-built house, requires a solid internal structure — not one that restricts freedom, but one that gives shape and strength to all that we choose to fill it with.
一段过得好的生活,就像一栋建得好的房子,需要一个坚实的内在结构——不是限制自由的那种,而是为我们选择填充其中的一切赋予形状和力量的那种。
56. overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ adj. 全面的,综合的 adv. 全部,总计;一般来说,大体上 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词:overalls(工装裤,背带裤)
常用短语
the overall effect 整体效果
overall performance 综合表现
an overall improvement 全面改善
overall, …总的来说,……
overall health 整体健康
常用句式
Overall, the project can be considered a success, even if some minor goals were not fully met.
总的说来,这个项目可以说是成功的,即使一些次要目标并未完全实现。
The overall design of the building is modern, but the interior retains many traditional features.
这栋建筑的整体设计是现代风格,但内部保留了许多传统特色。
There has been an overall improvement in students’ behaviour since the new school rules were introduced.
自从实行了新的校规,学生的行为举止有了全面改善。
关联词
general(总体的),total(总的,全部的),on the whole(大体上),all in all(总的来说)
特别注意点
overall 作形容词时,通常置于名词之前。
作副词时,常用于句首或句末,修饰整个句子。
名词overalls 是复数,指“工装裤”或“背带裤”。
作文写作可用句式
While each individual brushstroke of a master painting may seem insignificant on its own, the overall impression they create together can bring a viewer to tears — a perfect metaphor for the way small daily choices accumulate to shape a life.
虽然大师画作中每一笔单独看来似乎都微不足道,但合在一起所创造的整体印象却能令人落泪——这是日常微小选择如何累积塑造人生的一种完美隐喻。
57. critic /ˈkrɪtɪk/ n. 批评家,评论家;批评者,挑剔的人 (40)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:critical(批评的;关键的;危急的)
动词:criticize(批评,批判)
名词:criticism(批评,评论),critique(评论文章,批评)
常用短语
a film/literary critic 电影/文学评论家
an outspoken critic of ……的直言不讳批评者
a harsh critic 严厉的批评者
art critic 艺术评论家
be one’s own worst critic 对自己要求最严苛的人
常用句式
The young artist feared what the ruthless art critics would say about her first exhibition.
那位年轻艺术家担心那些无情的艺术评论家会对她的首次个展作何评价。
Her father was always her toughest critic, pushing her to achieve more than she thought possible.
她的父亲一直是她最严厉的批评者,推着她取得超出她自己想象的成绩。
The politician has long been a vocal critic of the government’s environmental record.
那位政客长期以来一直是政府环保记录的头号批评者。
关联词
reviewer(评论者),commentator(评论员),judge(评判者),fault-finder(挑剔的人)
特别注意点
critic 与critical 的拼写和含义需注意区分:critic 是“批评者”,critical 是“批评的;关键的”。
critic作“评论家”解时,指专业从事文艺评论的人;作“批评者”解时,指提出反对意见或指责的人。
be one’s own worst critic 是习语,表示“对自己要求最严的人”。
作文写作可用句式
A thoughtful critic can be a creator’s greatest ally, pointing out blind spots not to wound but to illuminate the path toward improvement.
一个有见地的批评者可以成为创作者最大的盟友,指出盲点并非为了伤害,而是为了照亮通往改进的道路。
58. inspection /ɪnˈspekʃn/ n. 检查,查看,审视;视察 (40)
常用词性词形变化
动词:inspect(检查,视察)
名词:inspector(检查员,视察员)
形容词:inspectional(检查的,视察的)
常用短语
carry out an inspection 进行检查
a thorough inspection 彻底检查
pass inspection 通过检查
on closer inspection 经过更仔细的审视
a safety inspection 安全检查
常用句式
The health officers carried out a thorough inspection of the restaurant kitchen.
卫生官员对餐厅厨房进行了一次彻底检查。
On closer inspection, the antique vase turned out to be a clever modern reproduction.
经过更仔细的审视,那只古董花瓶结果是一件巧妙的现代仿品。
All newly built homes must pass inspection before anyone is allowed to move in.
所有新建房屋在任何人获准入住之前都必须通过检查。
关联词
examination(检查),scrutiny(仔细审查),check(检查),survey(勘测,考察)
特别注意点
inspection 由inspect + 名词后缀 -ion 构成
on closer inspection 是固定短语,表示“经更仔细的查看/审视后”
carry out / conduct an inspection 是正式搭配
作文写作可用句式
A casual glance at the old painting revealed little, but on closer inspection, hidden details began to emerge — a tiny figure in a distant window, a faded inscription half-hidden by ivy.
乍看那幅旧画看不出什么,但经过更仔细的审视后,隐藏的细节开始浮现——远处窗户中的一个小小人影,一段被常春藤半遮半掩的褪色铭文。
59. expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ vt. 揭露,揭穿;暴露,显露;使遭受;使接触 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词:exposure(暴露;接触;曝光),exposé(揭发性报道)
形容词:exposed(暴露的,无遮蔽的)
过去式/过去分词:exposed
常用短语
expose … to …使……接触/暴露于……
be exposed to 接触到,暴露于
expose a scandal 揭露丑闻
expose the truth 揭示真相
expose a weakness 暴露弱点
常用句式
The journalist risked her life to expose the corruption that had plagued the city for years.
那位记者冒着生命危险揭露了困扰这座城市多年的腐败问题。
Children who are regularly exposed to multiple languages from an early age often develop stronger communication skills.
从小就经常接触多种语言的儿童往往会发展出更强的沟通能力。
His lies were finally exposed when someone found the original documents hidden in his desk.
当有人在他书桌里发现了隐藏的原始文件时,他的谎言终于被揭穿了。
关联词
reveal(揭示),uncover(揭露),disclose(披露),subject(使遭受)
特别注意点
expose … to …是重要结构,to 是介词,后接名词或动名词。
be exposed to 以被动形式表示“接触、暴露于”,不一定是坏事:be exposed to new ideas(接触新思想)。
名词 exposure 同样常用,如 exposure to sunlight(暴露于日光)。
作文写作可用句式
Travel exposes us not only to different landscapes and cuisines, but to the humbling truth that our own way of living is merely one of countless possibilities.
旅行不仅让我们接触到不同的风景和美食,更让我们接触到那个令人谦卑的真理:我们自己的生活方式不过是无数种可能中的一种而已。
60. political /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. 政治的,政府的,政权的;政党的,党派的 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词:politics(政治),politician(政治家,政客)
副词:politically(政治上)
动词:politicize(使政治化)
常用短语
political power 政治权力
a political party 政党
political debate 政治辩论
political stability 政治稳定
politically correct 政治上正确的
常用句式
The novel is set against the backdrop of intense political upheaval in early twentieth-century Europe.
这部小说以二十世纪早期欧洲激烈的政治动荡为背景。
She decided to enter political life because she believed she could make a real difference.
她决定从政,因为她相信自己能真正带来改变。
The decision was made for political reasons rather than economic ones.
这个决定是出于政治原因而非经济原因做出的。
关联词
governmental(政府的),legislative(立法的),diplomatic(外交的),civic(公民的)
特别注意点
political 由politics 派生,注意politics 词尾有–s。
politician 与statesman 的区别:politician可含贬义(政客),也可中性;statesman含褒义(政治家)。
politically correct 常缩写为 PC。
作文写作可用句式
The greatest political leaders are not those who seek power for its own sake, but those who view it as a temporary trust to be used wisely for the common good.
最伟大的政治领袖并非那些为了权力本身而追逐权力的人,而是那些将其视为一份临时受托之物、要明智地用于公共利益的人。
61. soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 军人,士兵 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词:soldiery(士兵的总称,军队)
形容词:soldierly(军人般的,英勇的)
动词:soldier on(坚持下去,迎难而上)
常用短语
a foot soldier 步兵
a veteran soldier 老兵
serve as a soldier 当兵服役
an unknown soldier 无名战士
soldier on through 坚持度过
常用句式
The old soldier rarely spoke of the war, but the haunted look in his eyes told a story of its own.
那位老兵很少谈起战争,但他眼中那挥之不去的目光本身就讲述了一个故事。
Despite the exhaustion and the bitter cold, the explorers decided to soldier on through the night.
尽管精疲力竭且严寒刺骨,探险队员们仍决定坚持一夜,继续走下去。
A monument was erected to honour the unknown soldiers who had given their lives for their country.
一座纪念碑被竖起,以纪念那些为国捐躯的无名战士们。
关联词
warrior(战士),trooper(骑兵,装甲兵),veteran(老兵),serviceman(军人)
特别注意点
soldier on 是短语动词,表示“不畏困难坚持下去”,口语和书面语均常用。
soldier 的首字母 s 有时发 /dʒ/,有时发 /s/,注意英式发音 /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/。
在英式拼写中,soldier 中间有字母 d。
作文写作可用句式
The true courage of a soldier is measured not in battles won, but in the quiet moments after the guns fall silent — when the memory of what was lost weighs heavy and the resolve to build rather than destroy must be forged anew.
一名军人真正的勇气,不是用赢得的战役来衡量的,而是在枪声沉寂之后的那些安静时刻——当失去之物的记忆沉重地压在心头,而建设而非毁灭的决心必须重新锻造之时。
62. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. (pl. crises /ˈkraɪsiːz/) 危机,危急关头;危难时刻,病危期 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:crises
形容词:critical(危机的;关键的)
名词:critique(批判性分析)
常用短语
a financial crisis 金融危机
a midlife crisis 中年危机
in times of crisis 在危机时刻
face a crisis 面临危机
a crisis of confidence 信任危机
resolve a crisis 化解危机
常用句式
The country was plunged into a deep economic crisis that took nearly a decade to recover from.
该国陷入了深刻的经济危机,花了近十年才从中恢复过来。
In times of crisis, you discover who your true friends really are.
在危机时刻,你才能发现谁是你真正的朋友。
The patient has passed the crisis and is now expected to make a full recovery.
病人已度过了危险期,目前预期将完全康复。
关联词
emergency(紧急情况),disaster(灾难),turning point(转折点),calamity(灾难)
特别注意点
crisis 的复数形式为 crises,发音变为 /ˈkraɪsiːz/。
a crisis of confidence/identity/faith 是常见搭配。
in times of crisis 是写作中常用的固定表达。
作文写作可用句式
A crisis has a way of stripping away all that is superficial and revealing what truly matters — the bonds of love, the strength of community, and the stubborn resilience of the human spirit.
危机有一种剥除一切浮华表象、展露真正重要之事的方式——爱的纽带、社区的力量,以及人类精神那顽强不屈的韧性。
63. decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ n. 衰退,衰落,减少,下降 vi. & vt. 减少,下降,衰退,衰落;谢绝 (40)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:declining(下降的,衰退中的)
过去式/过去分词:declined
常用短语
be in decline 处于衰退/下降中
a sharp/steep decline 急剧下降
decline an invitation 谢绝邀请
decline to comment 拒绝置评
go into a decline 陷入衰退
常用句式
The old industrial city has been in decline for decades, its once-busy factories now standing empty and silent.
这座老工业城市几十年来一直在衰落,曾经繁忙的工厂如今空空荡荡、一片沉寂。
She politely declined the job offer, explaining that she had already accepted another position.
她礼貌地谢绝了这份工作邀约,解释说已经接受了另一份职位。
There has been a steady decline in the number of native speakers of the language over the past century.
在过去一个世纪里,该语言的母语使用者人数一直在稳步下降。
关联词
decrease(减少),drop(下降),refuse(拒绝),deteriorate(恶化)
特别注意点
decline作动词时,既可作及物动词(decline an offer)也可作不及物动词(the population declined)。
decline作“拒绝”解时比refuse 更正式、更礼貌。
be on the decline 和 be in decline 都表示“处于衰落/下降中”。
作文写作可用句式
To decline an easy path that others have laid out for you and instead carve your own is an act not of arrogance but of quiet courage.谢绝别人为你铺好的坦途,而是自己开辟新路,这不是傲慢,而是安静的勇气之举。
64. overthrow /ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/ vt. (overthrew, overthrown) 推翻,打倒 /ˈəʊvəθrəʊ/ n. 推翻,打倒(40)
常用词性词形变化
过去式:overthrew
过去分词:overthrown
常用短语
overthrow a government 推翻一个政府
be overthrown by 被……推翻
plot the overthrow of 密谋推翻
the overthrow of a regime 一个政权的倒台
常用句式
The rebels attempted to overthrow the corrupt regime that had oppressed the people for decades.
叛乱者试图推翻那个压迫了人民数十年的腐败政权。
The dictator was finally overthrown after months of mass protests across the country.
经过全国范围内数月的大规模抗议,那位独裁者终于被推翻了。
The overthrow of the old order brought both hope and chaos in equal measure.
旧秩序的倒台同时带来了希望与混乱。
关联词
topple(推翻),overturn(颠覆),depose(废黜),bring down(使垮台)
特别注意点
动词发音 /ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/,重音在 throw 上;名词发音 /ˈəʊvəθrəʊ/,重音在 over 上。
过去式overthrew,过去分词overthrown。
与overturn 的区别:overthrow更常用于指用武力推翻政府或统治者;overturn可指推翻决定、判决等。
作文写作可用句式
The most difficult tyranny to overthrow is not the one that governs from a distant palace, but the one that rules from within — the inner voice that insists we are not capable of more.
最难以推翻的暴政,并非那在遥远宫殿中统治的暴政,而是那从内心进行统治的暴政——那个坚持说我们没有能力做到更多的心声。
65. be down to 由……引起(或造成)(40)
常用句式
I think the team’s remarkable success is largely down to the excellent coaching they have received this season.
我认为这支队伍非凡的成功很大程度上要归功于他们本赛季接受的出色指导。
Her remarkable recovery was down to the tireless care of the medical staff and her own incredible determination.
她令人瞩目的康复是医护人员孜孜不倦的照顾和她自己难以置信的决心的结果。
The delay was down to an unexpected shortage of materials, not poor planning.
延误是由于意外材料短缺造成的,而非计划不周。
关联词
be due to(由于),be caused by(由……引起),be attributable to(可归因于),be the result of(是……的结果)
特别注意点
be down to 是非正式但常用的表达,尤其在英式英语中;
强调某个结果是由某个具体的因素或人造成的。
与 be up to 区分:be up to 表示“由某人决定”或“正在做某事”。
作文写作可用句式
The difference between a life of quiet contentment and one of restless dissatisfaction is often down to a simple shift in perspective — learning to measure wealth not by what we have, but by what we appreciate.
平静满足的生活与躁动不满的生活之间的差别,往往取决于一个简单的视角转变——学会不以我们拥有什么、而以我们珍惜什么来衡量富足。
66. *scale /skeɪl/ n. 规模,范围;等级,级别;标度;比例 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词复数:scales(秤,天平)
动词:scale(攀登;按比例增减)
过去式/过去分词:scaled
常用短语
on a large/small scale 大/小规模地
a scale of ……的规模/等级
on a scale of one to ten 按一到十的等级
the scale of the problem 问题的严重程度
scale up/down 扩大/缩小规模
tip the scales 扭转局面,起决定性作用
常用句式
The charity operates on a national scale, helping families in every major city.
这家慈善机构在全国范围内运作,帮助着每个主要城市的家庭。
On a scale of one to ten, how would you rate the quality of the service today?
按一到十的等级,你会如何评价今天的服务质量?
Her powerful closing argument finally tipped the scales in favour of the defendant.
她有力的结案陈词最终扭转了局面,使判决偏向被告。
关联词
size(大小),magnitude(巨大程度),proportion(比例),range(范围)
特别注意点
scale 含义丰富:①规模/范围②等级/级别③比例尺④鳞片⑤秤/天平⑥音阶。
on a … scale 是固定搭配,表示“以……的规模”。
tip the scales 是习语,表示“起决定性作用、扭转局面”。
作文写作可用句式
The most meaningful acts of kindness are rarely performed on a grand scale for public applause, but quietly, on a scale of one — one hand reaching out to another in a moment of need.
最有意义的善举很少是大规模地进行以博取公众掌声的,而是安静地、以一对一的方式进行——在需要的时刻一只手伸向另一只手。
67. emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n. 皇帝 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词:empress(女皇,皇后),empire(帝国)
形容词:imperial(帝国的,皇帝的)
常用短语
the Roman Emperor 罗马皇帝
an emperor’s court 皇宫,朝廷
rule as emperor 作为皇帝统治
a puppet emperor 傀儡皇帝
常用句式
The young emperor ascended the throne at the age of only seven, with his mother acting as regent.
那位年幼的皇帝年仅七岁就登上了皇位,由他的母亲摄政。
The palace was built by order of the emperor to serve as a summer retreat.
这座宫殿是奉皇帝之命修建的,用作避暑行宫。
The emperor was widely respected for his wisdom and his dedication to the welfare of his people.
那位皇帝因其智慧和对臣民福祉的奉献而受到广泛尊敬。
关联词
king(国王),ruler(统治者),monarch(君主),sovereign(君主,元首)
特别注意点
emperor 指统治一个帝国的“皇帝”,比 king(国王)等级更高.
empress 是女皇或皇后,empire是帝国.
中国历史上通常用 emperor翻译“皇帝”.
作文写作可用句式
The emperor stood alone on the palace balcony, gazing out over the city that stretched before him — a million lights flickering in the darkness, each one a life over which he held both power and responsibility.
皇帝独自站在宫殿阳台上,凝视着眼前绵延伸展的城市——黑暗中闪烁着百万灯火,每一盏都是一个他既拥有权力也负有责任的生命。
68. in one’s own right 凭自身的资格(或努力)(40)
常用句式
She is a talented scientist in her own right, quite apart from being the daughter of a famous physicist.
她凭自身的实力就是一位有才华的科学家,完全不仅因为是某位著名物理学家的女儿。
Although he started as his brother’s assistant, he soon became an accomplished artist in his own right.
虽然他起初是他哥哥的助手,但很快就凭自身的努力成为了一位有成就的艺术家。
The small town is worth visiting in its own right, regardless of its proximity to the famous national park.
那座小镇凭其自身的魅力就值得一游,不管它离那座著名国家公园有多近。
关联词
independently(独立地),by one’s own efforts(通过自身的努力),on one’s own(靠自己),in and of itself(就其本身而言)
特别注意点
in one’s own right 是固定习语,表示“凭借自身的能力、资格或权利,而非依靠他人”,
常用于强调某人不依赖家庭背景或外部关系而取得的成就。
one’s 随主语变化:in my own right / in her own right / in its own right。
作文写作可用句式
Each of us must find something we are good at in our own right — not in comparison to a sibling or a classmate, but a skill or passion that is uniquely ours. 我们每个人都必须凭自身的能力找到自己擅长的事情——不是跟兄弟姐妹或同学相比,而是一项独属于我们自己的技能或热情。
69. outstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 优秀的,杰出的;突出的,明显的 (40)
常用词性词形变化
副词:outstandingly(杰出地,突出地)
名词:outstandingness(杰出,显著)
常用短语
an outstanding achievement 杰出的成就
an outstanding student 优秀的学生
outstanding debts 未偿债务
an outstanding example 突出的范例
play an outstanding role 发挥突出作用
常用句式
Her outstanding contribution to medical research has saved the lives of countless people.
她对医学研究的杰出贡献已挽救了无数人的生命。
The painting was considered the outstanding piece in the entire exhibition.
这幅画被认为是整个展览中最突出的作品。
There are still a few outstanding issues that need to be resolved before the agreement can be signed.
在协议签署之前,还有几个未解决的问题需要处理。
关联词
excellent(优秀的),exceptional(卓越的),remarkable(非凡的),prominent(突出的)
特别注意点
outstanding 有两个不太相同的含义:①优秀的、杰出的②(款项、问题等)未解决的、未完成的。在表示“优秀”时,语气比 good强烈得多。
outstanding debts(未偿债务)和 outstanding issues(未解决的问题)是常见搭配
作文写作可用句式
An outstanding teacher is not one who simply delivers information clearly, but one whose passion for their subject lights a fire that continues to burn in their students long after the final bell has rung.
一位杰出的教师不是仅仅能把信息清晰地传达出来的人,而是那种对自己学科的热情能点燃一把火、在最后的铃声响起很久之后仍在其学生心中燃烧的人。
70. exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ n. 展览,展出 (40)
常用词性词形变化
动词:exhibit(展出,展览)
名词:exhibitor(参展者),exhibit(展品,展览)
形容词:exhibitionistic(喜欢表现自己的)
常用短语
art exhibition 艺术展
on exhibition 在展出中
hold an exhibition 举办展览
an exhibition match 表演赛
make an exhibition of oneself 出洋相,当众出丑
常用句式
The gallery is currently holding an exhibition of photographs taken during the Second World War.
画廊目前正在举办二战期间拍摄的照片展。
A collection of rare porcelain has been put on exhibition at the national museum.
一批稀有瓷器已在国家博物馆展出。
He got drunk and made a complete exhibition of himself at the company party.
他在公司派对上喝醉了,出尽了洋相。
关联词
display(展出,展示),show(展览),expo(博览会),fair(展销会)
特别注意点
exhibition 的动词形式是 exhibit。
on exhibition / on display 都表示“在展出中”。
make an exhibition of oneself 是习语,表示“当众出丑、出洋相”。
作文写作可用句式
Walking through the quiet exhibition hall, I was struck by the thought that each painting hanging on the wall represented not just an image, but an entire chapter of its creator’s life.
穿过安静展厅的时候,我突然想到,挂在墙上的每一幅画所代表的都不仅仅是一幅图像,而是其创作者生命的一整个章节。
71. rare /reə(r)/ adj. 稀少的,罕见的;稀罕的,珍贵的 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词:rarity(稀有,罕见),rareness(稀少)
副词:rarely(很少,不常)
比较级/最高级:rarer / rarest
常用短语
a rare opportunity 难得的机会
a rare disease 罕见病
on rare occasions 偶尔,罕有地
a rare book 珍本
rare steak 半熟的牛排
常用句式
It is rare to find such a well-preserved fossil from this particular geological period.
从这一特定地质时期发现如此保存完好的化石是十分罕见的。
She possessed a rare combination of intelligence, humility, and kindness.
她拥有一种智慧、谦逊和善良的罕见组合。
I rarely go to the cinema these days, preferring to watch films at home.
我这些日子很少去电影院,更愿意在家看电影。
关联词
uncommon(不寻常的),scarce(稀缺的),infrequent(不常发生的),precious(珍贵的)
特别注意点
rare 形容事物“不常见、稀有”,副词rarely 是常用高频词,表示“很少”。
rare steak 是烹饪术语,表示“半熟/三分熟的牛排”。
与 scarce 的区别:rare 强调“不常见因而珍贵”;scarce 强调“供不应求、稀缺”。
作文写作可用句式
In our world of constant noise and distraction, a moment of genuine silence has become a rare and precious gift — one that, when given, allows us to hear our own thoughts.
在我们这个充满持续喧嚣和干扰的世界里,真正沉默的时刻已成为一份稀有而珍贵的礼物——当我们得到它时,便能听见自己的思绪。
72. speak volumes about 充分说明,清楚表明 (40)
常用句式
The way a person treats a waiter in a restaurant speaks volumes about their true character.
一个人在餐厅对待服务员的方式,充分说明了他们真实的品格。
Her decision to adopt two more homeless dogs speaks volumes about her compassion for animals.
她决定再收养两只流浪狗,这充分说明了她对动物的爱心。
The enthusiastic response from the audience spoke volumes about the success of the performance.
观众热烈的反应充分说明了演出的成功。
关联词
say a lot about(充分说明),tell a great deal about(清楚表明),reveal much about(表露出很多),demonstrate clearly(清楚展示)
特别注意点
speak volumes about/for 是固定习语,volumes在此指“大量的信息/含义”;
主语可以是人、行为或事物,表示“无声却有力地说明”。
注意 volumes用复数,不可说 speak a volume。
作文写作可用句式
The small, handwritten thank-you note my grandfather sent to the nurse who cared for him during his hospital stay spoke volumes about the kind of man he was.
祖父寄给那位在他住院期间照顾他的护士的那封手写致谢短信,充分说明了他是一个怎样的人。
73. historic /hɪˈstɒrɪk/ adj. 历史上著名的;有史时期的 (40)
常用词性词形变化
名词:history(历史),historian(历史学家)
形容词:historical(历史的,有关历史的)
副词:historically(在历史上)
常用短语
a historic event 历史性事件
a historic building 有历史意义的建筑
a historic decision 历史性决定
a historic occasion 历史性时刻
historic significance 历史意义
常用句式
The signing of the peace agreement was a truly historic moment for the region.
和平协议的签署对该地区而言是一个真正的历史性时刻。
The old town centre has been declared a historic conservation area.
老城中心已被宣布为历史保护区。
In 1969, the first moon landing became one of the most historic achievements in human history.
1969年,首次登月成为人类历史上最具历史意义的成就之一。
关联词
momentous(重大的),epoch-making(划时代的),groundbreaking(开创性的),landmark(里程碑式的)
特别注意点
historic 与historical 的区别:historic 指“历史上著名的、有历史意义的”;historical 指“与历史相关的、历史上的”,不强调重要性。
a historic event 是有重大意义的事件;a historical event 是发生在历史上的事件,不强调其重要性。
historic 前面的冠词用 a 而不用 an,因为重音在第一个音节 /hɪˈstɒrɪk/。
作文写作可用句式
The historic decision to grant equal voting rights to all citizens regardless of gender was not the end of a struggle, but the beginning of a new chapter in the long march toward justice.
不分性别赋予所有公民平等投票权的这一历史性决定,并非一场斗争的终结,而是朝向公正的漫长征途中一个新篇章的开端。
74. career /kəˈrɪə(r)/ n. 经历,事业;生涯,职业 (41)
常用词性词形变化
形容词:careerist(追求事业成功的),career-oriented(以事业为导向的)
名词:careerist(事业心强的人,野心家)
常用短语
pursue a career in 从事……职业
a promising career 有前途的事业
change careers 转换职业
career opportunities 职业机会
a career diplomat 职业外交官
常用句式
She gave up a successful banking career to retrain as a primary school teacher.
她放弃了成功的银行业职业,转而接受培训成为了一名小学教师。
Throughout his long career as a journalist, he reported from some of the world’s most dangerous regions.
在他漫长的记者生涯中,他从世界上一些最危险的地区进行过报道。
The internship could be the start of an exciting career in the fashion industry.
这次实习可能是在时尚行业开启一段令人激动的职业生涯的起点。
关联词
profession(职业),occupation(职业),vocation(天职),livelihood(生计)
特别注意点
career 指一个人长期从事的、有计划发展的“事业/职业生涯”,与 job(具体工作)不同。
pursue a career in 和 change careers 是常见搭配
career 也可作动词,表示“飞驰、猛冲”,如:The car careered off the road.(汽车冲出了道路。)
作文写作可用句式
Building a meaningful career is not about climbing the highest ladder, but about finding work that aligns with your deepest values and allows you to contribute something unique to the world.
建立一份有意义的事业,不是要攀上最高的阶梯,而是找到与自身最深层的价值观相契合、能让你为世界贡献独特之物的工作。
夜雨聆风