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公众号：黑洞视角
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暑假作业 02 选择性必修二重点单词、单词变形、短语、句型练习
一、重点单词
1._______________ n.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
2._______________ n.减少；降低；减少量vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
3._______________ vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
4._______________ n.阴影；影子；背光处
5._______________ n.彩虹
6._______________ n.领导；领导地位；领导才能
7._______________ vt.追溯；追踪；查出n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
8._______________ prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
9._______________ adv.此外；再者
10._______________ n.改变；转换；轮班vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向；改变(观点或态度等)
11._______________ n.思乡病；乡愁
12._______________ n.顾问
13._______________ n.公司；商行；事务所 adj.结实的；牢固的；坚定的
14._______________ vt.理解；领会；抓紧
15._______________ vt.否认；否定；拒绝
16._______________ n.结果；效果
17._______________ n.厨师；主厨
18._______________ vt.填满；把……塞进n.东西；物品
19._______________ n.品牌
20._______________ adv.有点；稍微
21._______________ n.卡路里(热量单位)
22._______________ n.数量；数额
23._______________ vi.& vt.咀嚼；嚼碎n.咀嚼
24._______________ adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会
25._______________ vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动n.雷声；轰隆声
26._______________ n.窗帘
27._______________ n.国界；边界(地区)
28._______________ vi.& vt.(使)加入；注册；登记
29._______________ n.习语；成语公众号：黑洞视角
30._______________ adj.相反的；相对立的n.相反的事实(或事情)
31._______________ adv.(结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正
32._______________ vi.行进；继续做
33._______________ n.岸；滨
34._______________ n.黄昏；傍晚
35._______________ n.技能；技术；技艺
46._______________ vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在
37._______________ n.洗澡；浴缸；浴盆vt.给……洗澡
38._______________ adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)
39._______________ n.救护车
40._______________ vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事)vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
41._______________ adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的n.男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
42._______________ n.(尤指餐馆的)就餐者
43._______________ n.咽喉；喉咙
44._______________ n.拳；拳头
45._______________ n.幸福；福祉；安康；福利
46._______________ n.郊区；城外
二、重点单词变形
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→_______________ adv.极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地
2.frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→_______________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→_______________ adj.令人
懊恼的→_______________ n.沮丧；懊恼；挫败
3.intervene vi.干扰；介入→_______________ n.介入；出面；干涉
4.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→_______________ adv.仅仅；完全→_______________ vt.净化；使纯净
→_______________ n.纯净，纯洁
5.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→_______________ n.转化；转换；变换；改革
6.initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→_______________ adv.最初地
7.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→_______________ n.防御；保卫；保护
8.assist vt.帮助；协助；援助→_______________ n.帮助；协助→_______________ n.助理；助手
9.steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→_______________ adv.平稳地；持续地
10.vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→_______________ adv.生动地
11.qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格 →_______________ n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
12.ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的→_______________ n.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负
13.adapt v.(使)适应；改编→_______________ n.适应；改编本
14.comfort n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→_______________ adj.舒适的；
舒服的→_______________ adj.不舒服的；不安的→_______________ adv.舒服地；舒适地公众号：黑洞视角
15.participate vi.参加；参与→_______________ n.参加者；参与者→_______________ n.参加；参与
16.engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；雇用→_______________ adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚
的→_______________ n.订婚；约定
17.motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励→_______________ adj.积极的；主动的→_______________ n.
动力；积极性；动机
18.expect vt.期望；盼望→_______________ n.期望；预期；期待→_______________ adj.始料不及的
19.apply vt.涂；敷；搽；运用 vi.申请；请求；(对……)适用→_______________ n.申请→_______________
n.申请人
20.expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)→_______________ n.接触；体验；暴露；揭露
21.depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁→_______________ adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→_______________ adj.令人沮
丧的→_______________ n.沮丧；忧愁；不景气
22.strong adj.强壮的；结实的→_______________ n.力气；力量；强项→_______________ vi.& vt.加强；增
强；巩固
23.prior adj.先前的；优先的→_______________ n.优先事项；优先权
24.elegant adj. 精 美 的 ； 讲 究 的 ； 文 雅 的 → _______________ adv. 精 美 地 ； 讲 究 地 ； 文 雅 地
→_______________ n.优雅；端庄
25.except prep .除……外→_______________ n.例外；例外的人/事→_______________ adj.特别的；罕见的
26.consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→_______________ n.消费者；用户；客户→_______________ n.消费；
消耗
27.stable adj.稳定的；稳重的→_______________ adv.稳定地；平稳地→_______________ n.稳定(性)；稳固
(性)
28.associate vt.把……联系起来；交往 adj.副的→_______________ n.协会；关联
29.modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→_______________ n.谦虚；朴素
30.trick n.诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt.欺骗→_______________ adj.棘手的；难对付的；狡猾的
31.please vt.& vi.(使)高兴；(使)满意→_______________ adj.令人愉快的；友好的→_______________ adj.高
兴的；满意的→_______________ adj.令人愉快的→_______________ n.快乐；乐趣
32.mass n.团；堆；许多；大量→_______________ adj.巨大的；非常严重的
33.breath n.呼吸的空气→_______________ adj.气喘吁吁的→_______________ vt.& vi.呼吸
34.freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen)结冰；(使)冻住→_______________ adj.极冷的；冰冻的→_______________
adj.结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的
35.astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→_______________ adj.惊人的；令人惊讶的→_______________ adj.感
到惊讶的→_______________ n.惊讶
36.advertise vi.& vt.(为……)做广告/宣传；征聘→_______________ n.(informal ad)广告；启事
→_______________ n.广告商
37.photograph n.照片 vt.(为……)拍照 vi.上相，上镜→_______________ n.摄影师；拍照者
→_______________ n.摄影；摄影术
38.minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→_______________ n.少数；少数民族公众号：黑洞视角
39.electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→_______________ adj.与电有关的→_______________ n.电
40.urge vt.催促；力劝n.强烈的欲望→_______________ adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→_______________
n.紧迫，迫切
41.operate vt.操作 vi.动手术→_______________ n.电话接线员；操作员→_______________ n.手术；操作
42.interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰vt.使暂停；使中断→_______________ n.打断；打扰；暂停；中断
43.desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→_______________ adv.绝望地；孤注一掷地
→_______________ n.绝望
44.practice n.& v.练习；实践→_______________ adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的
45.tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的；(经济)紧张的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地→_______________ adv.
紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→_______________ vt.(使)变紧；(使)加紧
46.fog n.雾→_______________ adj.有雾的；不清楚的
三、重点短语
1.______________________最终地；彻底地
2.______________________幸亏；由于
3.______________________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
4.______________________患(病)；染上(小病)
5.______________________最重要的是；尤其是
6.______________________对……有影响
7.______________________开始做
8.______________________在某人的领导下
9.______________________追溯到
10.______________________在……过程中
11.______________________参加；参与
12.______________________大声点说；明确表态
13.______________________舒服自在；不拘束
14.______________________(使)从事；参与
15.______________________参与；卷入；与……有关联
16.______________________舒适区；舒适范围
17.______________________(使)花一大笔钱
18.______________________支持；站在……的一边
19.______________________据我所知
20.______________________就我而言；依我看来
21.______________________在……之前的
22.______________________由……组成(或构成)
23.______________________切下公众号：黑洞视角
24.______________________不管；不顾
25.______________________携手共进
26.______________________减少
27.______________________停止做；删掉；剪出
28.______________________组成
29.______________________的关键
30.______________________塞满
31.______________________令人惊叹
32.______________________极冷的；冻僵的
33.______________________一束；一串；一群；大量
34.______________________相反的；相对立的
35.______________________进而做(参加)
36.______________________欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人
37.______________________相比之下
38.______________________目所能及
39.______________________站在远处
40.______________________离……近；接近；临近
41.______________________帮助某人站起身来
42.______________________面朝上(朝下)
43.______________________迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
44.______________________健康状况不好
45.______________________袖手旁观
46.______________________实施急救
47.______________________毫无预兆
48.______________________各种各样的
49.______________________被分成
50.______________________马上
四、重点句型
1.句型公式：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
We began to help pick peaches and then _________________________ the farmers’ houses.
2.句型公式：until引导时间状语从句
直到云消失，月亮才会出来。
The moon will not come out _________________________.
3.句型公式：so...that...公众号：黑洞视角
每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。
Keeping a learning diary every day is _________________________.
4.句型公式：It is/was the first time that...
那是我第一次参加交换生项目。那次经历不仅让我开阔了眼界，而且增强了我的信心。
__________________________________________________ ， which not only broadened my view but also
strengthened my confidence.
5.句型公式：时间名词作连词
游泳帮助我保持健康和良好的体形。每次游完泳，我都觉得神清气爽，精力充沛。
Swimming helps me stay healthy and in good shape._________________________，I feel refreshed and energetic.
6.句型公式：疑问词＋不定式
卫生部门现在知道如何处理这种疾病。
The health authorities now know _________________________.
7.句型公式：形容词(短语)作状语
她自信而勇敢，生动地演绎了这个角色。
_________________________，she vividly brought the character to life.
8.句型公式：by the time引导时间状语从句
当他们到达湖泊时，简非常生气，她对汤姆说：“我要找一个更好的地方扎营。”然后走开了。
_________________________，Jane was so angry that she said to Tom，“I’m going to find a better spot for us
to camp” and walked away.
9.句型公式：倍数表达法
中国最近在太空探索方面取得的成就是十年前的好几倍。
China recently have made _________________________ in space exploration as those of one decade ago.
10.句型公式：rather than“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分
你应该将精力投入到提升自己中，而不是将自己的失败归咎于其他人。
You should devote your energy to improving yourself _________________________.
11.句型公式：too...to do...
迈克吓呆了，害怕得一动不动。(心理＋动作描写)
Mike froze with terror，_________________________.
12.句型公式：It is/was not until...that...强调句型
直到那时她才意识到她是多么依恋她的丈夫。
_________________________ she realized how much she was attached to her husband.
13.句型公式：as引导非限制性定语从句
正如上面所提到的，你可以用这种方法完成这项任务。
_________________________，you can complete the task in this way.
14.句型公式：unless引导条件状语从句
汤姆很独立，除非需要父母的支持，他从不征求父母的意见。
Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion _________________________.公众号：黑洞视角
15.句型公式：there is a need to do sth
急需改变现在糟糕的现状。
_________________________ the present terrible situation.
一、结合语境运用单词
1._____________(责备) by his teacher，the boy was frustrated and couldn’t concentrate on his study.
2._____________(怀疑) of damaging this cultural heritage，he was arrested by the police.
3.Yellow is _____________ (把……连接起来) with confidence，self-respect and friendliness.
4.More than forty _____________ (杰出的) young singers from eight countries have been chosen for this year’s
art festival.
5.After _____________ (倒出) oil into a pan and turning on the stove，I waited patiently until the oil was hot.
6.Luckily，she realized her _____________ (错误)and felt grateful to the man.
7.Back in the lab，I _____________ (回想起) his words and continued the project day and night.(2022·浙江1
月卷)
8.As a guest，you are expected to share some of your _____________ (深刻见解) into the way of learning
English well.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
9.I am writing to _____________(真诚地) invite you to take part in our party on the Belt and Road Initiative.
10.As far as I know，studying English _____________ (需要；涉及)great patience and determination.
11.I must work as a tutor to cover my daily _____________(费用)，which will cost an arm and a leg.
12.More importantly，computer science is closely related to most fields of science and has played a decisive role
in one country’s _____________ (全面的) development.
13.To my amazement，he lost his _____________ (脾气) suddenly and threw a glass vase at her.
14.With your diligence and concentration，you are bound to succeed in entering an _____________ (理想的)
university.
15.To make progress in your English，you’d better spend a _____________(最小值)of 30 minutes reading every
day.
16.At break，our headteacher got down to dealing with the matters _____________ (出现) from his class.
17.Put your phone away and enjoy the _____________(风景).It’s really amazing.
18.It was not an unemployment letter but a letter with several suggestions about my teaching，one of which was
_____________ (强调；使醒目) in red.
19.Qingdao is a beautiful coastal city and also one of the most important _____________ (海港) in China.
20.Judging from your _____________(口音)，you come from the West，if I’m not mistaken.
21.Every time you feel _____________(惊慌)，you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.
22.Seizing the opportunity，I _____________ (溜走) out of the room and waited at the bottom of the stairs.公众号：黑洞视角
23.Last night a boy was _____________ (淹死；溺死)in the river，which made his parents heart-broken.
24.He hung on for a few minutes and _____________(高声喊)for his father，but his father didn’t hear him.(2022·
新高考Ⅱ卷)
25.Margarito _____________ (哽咽) up as he explained the accident to his mom and comforted her.
26.I moved cautiously close to her，_____________(抓住)her under the shoulders，and pulled her out.
二、结合语境运用短语
1.Since my grandfather _____________ the disease，we have taken turns to care for him.(道歉信，2021·北京
卷)
2.Jenna _____________ making sandwiches with her father guiding her patiently.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
3._____________ his years of sports training，he developed the spirit of never giving up.
4.We’d like to employ a secretary who is friendly，hard-working，and _____________，able to deal with
something unexpected.
5.Great things happen when you step out of your _____________，and you would be surprised on how many
chances exist if you just ask.
6.He sincerely told me that whatever happened，he would _____________ me.
7.There is no denying that studying abroad will _____________.
8.It is your hospitality and warm welcome that make us _____________.
9.Much to my surprise，Henry was the only one to _____________ against the decision.
10.We must keep our room clean，for dirt and disease _____________.
11.With more and more forests _____________，large quantities of soil are being washed away.
12.Catherine walked direct toward Landy，_____________ what they said.
13._____________ coming to China，I didn’t know much about Chinese cuisine.
14.Based on such a meaningful theme，the festival will _____________ various activities.
15.Jenna _____________ crying，but to her joy，her father agreed to help them make breakfast.(2021·新高考Ⅰ
卷)
16.The little boy refused to participate in the morning exercise because it was _____________.
17.If you’re truly concerned，you’ll know when your neighbor needs some cheering up—_____________ flowers
or a helping hand.
18.The view of the island _____________ and I couldn’t help taking photos.
19.After we understand the business requirements，we can _____________ the development of services that
meets these requirements.
20.Suddenly the little boy let out a scream.His mother saw him fall to the ground and immediately went up to
_____________.
21.I hadn’t been training for months and was really _____________.So I had no choice but to take exercise to keep
in shape.
22.It is wrong of you to just _____________ and do nothing when others are in trouble.公众号：黑洞视角
23.What astonished us was that we found him _____________ on the bedroom floor.
24.If you’re tired out by Friday night，_____________ on Saturday could sound wonderful.
三、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Given that the driver injured the passer-by，he was so _________ (severe) punished that his parents were
_________ (frustrate).
2. This battle was _________ (vivid) recorded in the documentary film.
3. At that time，people were advised to stay at home to reduce the risk of getting _________ (infect).
4. Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation，Xie Lei chose to live with a host family，
_________ can help with her _________ (adapt) to the new culture.
5. _________ (cooperate) with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different
_________ (angle)，thus giving us more insight into our own culture.
6. Only in this way can we live more _________ (comfort) and feel at home in beautiful _________ (surround).
7. I have found him so _________ (qualify) for the position that he can help handle the situation in a practical and
_________ (reason) way.
8.They _________ (behave) differently and shouted rudely when the assistant bent down _________ (comfort) a
little girl.
9.The couple has a high success rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the
homeowner’s _________ (expect).(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
10.Beijing successfully held the 2022 Winter Olympics，which is certain _________ (strength)the east and west
culture bridge again.
11.They thought I was an inspiration as well as someone they could get _________ (motivate) by.
12.A young woman stood in front of us，a _________ (depress) expression on her face.
13.Beyond this，you can keep healthy by consuming different _________ (category) of fresh foods，especially
fruit and vegetables，_________ are full of vitamins and fibre，rather than _________ (process) foods.
14._________ (embarrass) and ashamed，I can’t concentrate on anything.
15.Many Chinese _________ (brand)，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new
challenges from the modern market.
16.I _________(freeze) with shock，feeling as if I had been thrown into a dark world.
17.The consumer is running along，tired and _________ (breath).
18.The group consisting of 12 members worked at a research centre in the _________ (mist) mountains despite the
_________ (freeze) weather.
19.Regardless of the fact that a large quantity of problems _________ (arise) so far，he is determined to go on
with the project.
20.What surprised me most was to see many senior citizens _________ (seat) in the hall and _________ (wait) to
listen to the lecture on health care.
21.And I’m calling to ask about the position _________ (advertise) in Friday’s Daily Mail.公众号：黑洞视角
22.When he looked down，he accidentally _________ (slip) and fell over the edge.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
23.Countries should team up with one another to work out _________ (practice) plans regarding ocean
protection.(2022·全国甲卷)
24.Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner _________ (interrupt) when he heard someone
_________ (scream) from another table.
25.So，don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a _________ (true) serious one.You don’t need to
apologize for_________ minor slip.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
26.Owing to the _________ (fog) weather，the _________ (operate) left his hometown alone.
27.I ran to him with my red and _________ (swell) eyes，throwing my arms around him and hugged him
_________ (tight).
28.It was cold，so the elderly man took his own scarf off and _________(wrap) it around Tom’s neck._________
(grab) Tom’s hand，he took him to the restaurant.
29.The twin brothers _________ (bleed) for their country and died without regret.
30._________ (divide) into several groups，we set out to pick，collect and deliver apples on the farm.(2020·全国
Ⅱ卷)
