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公众号：黑洞视角
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暑假作业 04 选择性必修四重点单词、单词变形、短语、句型练习
一、重点单词
1._____________n.薪水；薪金
2._____________n.谣言；传闻
3._____________vt.& vi.假设；假定
4._____________n.车费；船费；飞机票价
5._____________adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
6._____________vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧
7._____________adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
8._____________adj.随机的；不可思议的
9._____________adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的n.总理；首相
10._____________adj.坦率的；简单的
11._____________n.标语；口号
12._____________n.部长；大臣；外交使节
13._____________vi.& n.潜水；跳水；俯冲
14._____________n.自由
15._____________n.阶段；时期
16._____________n.一场；一段时间；会议
17._____________n.巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点
18._____________vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利
19._____________vt.看；看见
20._____________n.等级；水平；联合会；联赛
21._____________adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的
22._____________vt.对……征税；使纳税n.税；税款
23._____________vt.开发；利用；剥削
24._____________vt.把……载入正式记录；记录n.正式记录；日志；原木
25._____________n.杂草；野草vt.& vi.除杂草
26._____________n.校服；制服 adj.一致的；统一的
27._____________n.握手
28._____________n.情况；信息；投入；输入vt.输入
29._____________n.曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道公众号：黑洞视角
30._____________vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n.合同；契约
31._____________vt.转发；转播 n.接力赛；接班的人
32._____________vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷
33._____________n.(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则
35._____________n.抽屉
36._____________n.密探；间谍vi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见；发现
37._____________vt.& vi.主管；指导；监督
38._____________n.油煎的食物vt.& vi.油炸；油炒；油煎
39._____________n.钱包；皮夹子(尤指女用)
40._____________n.笼子vt.关在笼子里
二、重点单词变形
1.appoint vt.任命；委任→_____________adj.约定的；指定的→_____________n.预约；约会；委任
2.guilt n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行→_____________adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
3.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→_____________n.公告；宣言
4.divide vt.分割；分配；除以→_____________n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)；部门，处
5.urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐→_____________adj.紧急的；紧迫的；催促的；急
切的→_____________n.紧迫；急迫；急事；紧要
6.explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破vi.(感情的)爆发→_____________n.爆炸；爆破(声)
7.mud n.泥；泥浆→_____________adj.泥泞的
8.found vt.成立；建立→_____________n.创建者；缔造者→_____________n.创建；基础；地基；基金会
9.politics n.政治→_____________adj.政治的→_____________n.政客，政治家
10.locate vt.找出……的位置→_____________adj.位于→_____________n.地方；位置
11.free adj.免费的；自由的→_____________n.自由； 不受……影响的状态
12.distribute vt.分布；分配；分发→_____________n.分布；分配；分发
13.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→_____________adv.常常；频繁地→_____________n.发生率；重复率；(声
波或电磁波振动的)频率
14.violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→_____________n.暴力；暴行；激情
15.biology n.生理；生物学→_____________adj.生物学的；生物的→_____________n.生物学家
16.capable adj.有能力的；有才干的→_____________n.能力；容量
17.extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→_____________adj.广泛的；广阔的；大量的→_____________n.延伸；
扩大；延期
18.negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商→_____________adj.可协商的→_____________n.谈
判；协商
19.profession n.职业；行业→_____________adj.专业的；职业上的 n.专业人员→_____________n.教授；教
师公众号：黑洞视角
20.mix vt.& vi.混合；调配→_____________n.混合；结合体；混合物
21.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→_____________n.掌声
22.migrate vi.迁徙；移居→_____________n.迁移；迁徙；移居
23.murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀→_____________n.杀人犯；杀人凶手
24.mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→_____________adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→_____________adj.残忍的；
无情的
25.possess vt.拥有；具有；支配→_____________n.[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制
26.dust n.沙土；灰尘 vi.& vt.擦灰→_____________adj.布满灰尘的
27.chemical adj.化学的 n.化学物质→_____________n.化学→_____________n.化学家；药剂师；药房
28.ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→_____________vi.& vt.成熟；使成熟
29.privilege n.优惠待遇；特权→_____________adj.有特权的；受特别优待的
30.disable vt.使失去能力；使残废→_____________adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→_____________n.缺陷；障
碍；残疾
31.late adj.& adv.迟；晚；接近末期→_____________adv.最近；不久前；近来→_____________adj.最新的
32.consult vi.& vt.咨询；请教→_____________n.顾问→_____________n.咨询；咨询会
33.stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；稳重的→_____________adv.稳定地→_____________n.稳定(性)；稳固(性)
34.law n.法律→_____________n.律师
35.participate vi.参与；参加→_____________n.参与；参加→_____________n.参与者；参加者
36.detect vt. 察觉；发现；探测→_____________n.侦探；警探→_____________n.察觉；发现
37.account n.账户；账目→_____________n.会计；会计师
38.just adj.公正的；正义的；合理的→_____________n.公平；公正；合理
39.greed n.贪心；贪欲→_____________adj.贪婪的；贪心的→_____________adv.贪心地；贪婪地；贪吃地
40.social adj.社会的；交际的；社交的→_____________n.社会；社团→_____________adj.社会主义的n.社
会主义者
41.dedicate vt. 把……奉献给→_____________adj.献身的；专心致志的→_____________n.献身；奉献
42.prior adj.先前的；较早的；优先的→_____________n.优先事项；首要的事；优先
43.finance n.资金；财政；金融 vt.提供资金→_____________adj.金融的；财政的
44.receipt n. 收据；接收→_____________n.接待处；欢迎会→_____________n.接待员
45.employ vt.雇用→_____________n.雇主；老板→_____________n.雇员→_____________n.雇用；就业
三、重点短语
1.___________________检验；测试
2.___________________更像是；更接近
3.___________________根据；以……的方式(基准)
4.___________________事物的利与弊；支持与反对公众号：黑洞视角
5.___________________比……更好；更胜一筹
6.___________________占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
7.___________________与……冲突或抵触
8.___________________关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
9.___________________(逐渐)减少；消失
10.___________________有强烈的欲望做某事
11.___________________一群(羊或鸟)
12___________________少数人(或物)；一把(的量)
13.___________________被称为是……
14.___________________迫不及待做某事
15.___________________共同努力做某事
16.___________________向……告别
17.___________________追溯到
18.___________________舒适，自在
19.___________________捡起；(无意中) 学会；接收；(开车)接某人
20.___________________偶然遇到
21.___________________起航；开航
22.___________________独领风骚
23.___________________退出；撤回
24.___________________在手头；可供使用
25.___________________从科学角度看
26.___________________作为对……的回报
27.___________________突然
28.___________________把……区分开
29.___________________在……的指挥下
30.___________________设法到达
31.___________________齐声；异口同声
32.___________________更不用说；且不说
33.___________________认为(……)是理所当然；对(……)不予重视
34.___________________转达给……；转发给……
35.___________________但愿
36.___________________渴望做某事
37.___________________有很大影响
38.___________________需要
39.___________________前几天
40.___________________适应公众号：黑洞视角
41.___________________蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去
42.___________________起步前的优势
43.___________________抽屉柜
44.___________________得出结论
45.___________________关怀；照料；处理
46.___________________对……有热情
47.___________________回顾，回想
48.___________________帮助……摆脱(困境)
49.___________________总之
50.___________________为了……起见
四、重点句型
1.句型公式：全部倒装
这座城市的西面有一座古庙，里面完好保存着许多古籍。
_________________________________ in which many ancient books are well preserved.
2.句型公式：more...than...
当她的小儿子再次对她说谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。
She was _________________________________ when her little son lied to her again.
3.句式解读：修辞之明喻
它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。
It murmured in a soft voice _________________________________.
4.句型公式：what引导主语从句
我能够保证的是我将组织一些校际活动，以提高学生的竞争意识。
_________________________________ I will organize some activities between universities to raise students’
awareness of competition.
5.句型公式：动词不定式作目的状语
为了丰富《高中生》的内容，我们决定添加一个有关高中生生活的栏目。
_________________________________ of Senior Middle School Students，we decided to add a column
about the life of senior middle school students.
6.句型公式：There be...＋定语从句
众所周知，在中国有很多传统节日，其中一些是有代表性的。
As we all know，__________________________________________________________________.
7.句型公式：The aim is to do...目的是……
这次活动的目的是增强我们保护文化遗产的意识。
The aim of the activity is __________________________________________________________________.
8.句型公式：There is a need to do sth 有必要做某事
全球变暖已经成为海洋生物的一大威胁，迫切需要尽一切努力来对抗全球变暖。(2022·全国甲卷)公众号：黑洞视角
__________________________________________________________________ ， which has become a great
threat to sea creatures.
9.句型公式：so that 引导目的状语从句
然后我可以抽出一些时间再学习功夫，这样我们就可以每天一起练习了。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
Then I can spare some time to _________________________________ together every day.
10.句型公式：since引导原因状语从句
由于我有许多教学经验，我可以胜任这项工作。
_________________________________，I can be fit for the job.
11.句型公式：be doing...when...正在做某事突然……
我正在上网搜索相关信息我的手机突然响了。
__________________________________________________________________ my cellphone rang.
12.句型公式：I doubt whether...我怀疑是否……
说实在的，我怀疑他们两天内能否完成这项艰巨的任务。
To be honest，I _________________________________ in two days.
13.句型公式：wish后的虚拟语气
我希望将来有机会去北京深造。
I wish I _________________________________ for further study in the future.
14.句型公式：This is because...
目前，许多人学汉语，这是因为中国在世界上正扮演着日益重要的角色。
At present ， there are a number of people learning Chinese and
_________________________________________.
15.句型公式：there is no point (in) doing sth
一旦他下定决心，说服他改变主意就没有意义了。
Once he has made up his mind，__________________________________________________.
一、结合语境运用单词
1.The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers will be ___________解雇) next week.
2.In the practice，we can experience the value of ___________(劳动) and expose ourselves to a wide range of
practical skills.(2022·烟台市适应性练习一)
3.Desperate as Derek was，he took some soaps and ___________ (拿来) the jacket secretly to the sink with
Janey.
4.Some of the studies show positive results，___________ (然而；但是) others do not.
5.My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the _______ (步伐；节奏) of advances in
science.
6.It was so much fun when we together enjoyed the ___________ (宏大的) parade.(2022·浙江1月卷)公众号：黑洞视角
7.Mary worked here as a ___________ (临时的)secretary and ended up getting a full-time job in the company.
8.Learning that he will drop out of school for lack of money，I’m determined to ___________ (赞助) his
education.
9.The ___________(纪念碑) is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence of their country.
10.The museum was founded in 2003 by the___________(共同的) efforts of local authorities and Picasso’s heirs.
11.Police ___________(逮捕；拘留) five young men in connection with one of the attacks months ago.
12.Quiet and lonely as he was，he never felt like he ___________(增强信任关系) with any of the other students.
13.He told some fascinating ___________(故事) about his life in India，which greatly attracted the audience.
14.___________(与此同时)，all the audience were touched by his perseverance deeply and applauded warmly.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
15.The latest news revealed that the general ___________(撤退) as soon as the crisis ended.
16.The radio program provides a good ___________(平台) for the students to share their school life.(2022·新高考
Ⅰ卷)
17.My parents ___________ (拖；拽) me into the stupid movie.I was seized by boredom.(情感描写)
18.I wandered under the ___________(阴凉处) of a maple，watching butterflies flying lazily southward.
19.After ___________(辞职) from the company，the disabled man took some books to the post office and
___________ (邮寄) them to his friend.
20.The scientist made great contributions，so he ___________ (值得) giving so many awards.
21.Not only can we learn responsibility but we can also ___________ (获得)many life skills from it.
22.The young woman in charge of an online shop was ___________ (指控)of cheating the customers.
23.Mr Wang，an art teacher in our school，is famous for his ___________ (书法).
24.What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his___________ (债务).
二、结合语境运用短语
1.It is necessary that we weigh the ______________ of including English words in Chinese dictionaries.
2.He______________ to be guilty of his mean words and tears of regret blurred his eyes.
3.The view from the peak of the mountain was wonderful and our tiredness ______________ .
4.Helen was chosen for the job because she was ______________ any other candidate.
5.I hold the firm belief that Mary was the ideal person to ______________ the job.
6.I was searching for some information online when I ______________ a social networking site.
7.Then he opened one of his bags and gave me ______________ freshly picked cherries.
8.I am wondering whether you can ________ him ________ at the airport at your convenience.
9.It’s really hard for me to ______________ you，and I’m quite grateful to you for your help with my English
learning.
10.They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made
me ______________ wherever I went.
11.I wish I could do something ______________ the kindness I have received from him.公众号：黑洞视角
12.Soon after the ship ______________ ，a terrible storm blew up.
13.With lots of food and drink ______________ ，they set off for their picnic.
14.When it comes to ping-pong，Chinese players are______________ .
15.______________ the officer，they succeeded in defeating the enemy.
16.______________ ，a cross-country race was held with the purpose of helping us build up strength.
17.Since then，she has acquired a good knowledge of English，______________ chemistry.
18.She wrinkled her forehead and got confused and worried by the accident，______________ his father would
be all right.
19.No matter what happened，he would ______the information _____his commander.
20.As we all know，deeds are much better than words when people are ______________ help.
21.With several ideas ______________ in his head，the chemist couldn’t decide which one to choose.
22.I had an urgent thing to ______________ .That’s why I didn’t attend your birthday party.
23.Judging by his words，I ______________ that he was in favour of our plan.
24.She succeeded in giving up smoking ______________ her health.
25.A good education gives your child a ______________ in life.
三、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an _________(explode) of applause came out of the audience.
2.I feel _________ (guilt) for teasing the innocent child who fell over on the _________ (mud) track.
3.I have been told that our donated books _________ (distribute) to each student as soon as possible.
4.What’s more，basketball highlights _________ (join) efforts，which shape us into better individuals with good
team spirit.
5.The man of integrity got involved in the _________ (politics) activity，which made him a powerful figure in
Chinese culture.
6.It is declared that the map clearly shows the _________ (distribute) of this species across the world.
7.The exhibition _________ (sponsor) by several famous companies turned out to be a great success.
8.She gives me the _________ (free)to make mistakes and to learn from them all.(2021·全国乙卷)
9.Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how _________ (frequent) each of you wants to be
contacted and what method works best for you both.(2022·全国乙卷)
10.The book，_________ (entitle) Read Poetry and Learn History by Wang Chunyong，is suitable for the
foreigners to learn classical Chinese poetry.
11.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its _________(mix) of modern and traditional Chinese
elements.
12.The audience stayed silent，listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of _________(applaud) at the
end.
13.The two parties have agreed on a further _________ (negotiate) about how to solve the political problem.
14.As _________(mention)，the harder you work，the more successful you will be!公众号：黑洞视角
15.We learn traditional Chinese art such as Beijing Opera under the guidance of _________ (profession) teachers.
16.He got much _________ (deserve) praise due to helping many disabled people.
17.So I come to a _________ (conclude) that if you want a great career，you need to commit yourself to
something meaningful.
18.Zhong Nanshan has been dedicating his life to _________ (improve) medical career，so he is the person I
respect most.(人物介绍)
19.Silently，he just stared at the other _________ (participate) who were warming up without saying anything.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
20.Provide _________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local people.(2021·全国乙卷)
21.I wish I _________ (attend) her wedding last Tuesday，but I was on business in Moscow then.
22.There was a huge debate about whether the reporter should _________ (accuse) of spying on the star couple.
