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暑假作业 05 高二英语重点语法定语从句知识巩固及练习
核心考点梳理
一、定义
定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
1. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
2. 在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）
关系代词（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语）: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as
关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where
二、关系代词的用法
在定语从句中关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代
词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。
先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语
指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose/of whom
指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which
1. 关系代词who, whom和that的用法
三者都可用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。
who和whom
who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格
的whom（常可省略）。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom,即“介词+whom”。
Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.
The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr Depp.
who和that
在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。
(1)先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
The ones who flatter me don’t please me.
Anyone who laughs last laughs best.
(2)先行词是those时，宜用who。
No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the公众号：黑洞视角
earthquake.
(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province.
(4)一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
(5)在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
2. 关系代词whose的用法
关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代人时，相
当于of whom，指代物时，相当于of which。whose引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是
非限定性定语从句。
We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake.
=We wanted to see our teacher Miss Styles, the husband of whom lost his life in the earthquake.
3. 关系代词that和which的用法
两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。
(1)在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用
The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.
They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.
(2)限定性定语从句中只用that的情况
主句已有疑问词who或which时
Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you?
先行词既有人又有物时
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
先行词为all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时
It’s easy to do the repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.
先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.
先行词有序数词修饰时
The first time that Lester saw the film, he made up his mind to become a director.
先行词有the very, the only, the same, all, any, each, every, few, little, no, one of等词修饰时
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个宜用that公众号：黑洞视角
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
(3)只用which而不用that的情况
引导非限定性定语从句时只用which而不用that
The fish, which I bought this morning, is very fresh.
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.
(2)在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时只用which而不用that
I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.
在限定性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that, 那么另一句的关系词就需用which
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
三、关系副词的用法
关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用。在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接
成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等，相当于“介词+which”结构。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，
所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。
先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的成分
指地点 where 地点状语
指时间 when 时间状语
指原因 why 原因状语
1. 关系副词where的用法
由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city, room等，where在从句中作
地点状语。先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity, stage,
state…
The hotel where we stayed was very clean.
=The hotel(that/which) we stayed at was very clean.
=The hotel at which we stayed was very clean.
2. 关系副词when的用法
由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如 time, day, date等，when在从句中作时间
状语。先行词还可以是抽象的时间名词，如：occasion...
I’ll never forget the time when we first met.
=I’ll never forget the time during which we first met.
3. 关系副词why的用法
why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。
The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.
=The reason(that)/for which I got a job was that I worked hard.
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，关键是要弄清楚先行词在定语从句中担任什么
成分。如果先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，就用关
系副词。
This is the college (that/which) I visited.公众号：黑洞视角
This is the college where I studied three years ago.
五、定语从句的种类
定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。
区别：
1. 形式上，非限定性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上，非限定性定语从句一般不用that和why.
3. 语义上，限定性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完
整或者会改变意思；而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.
北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4. 翻译时，限定性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限定性定语从句可译为两
句。（见上句翻译）
比较:
He has a sister, who is a musician. (只有一个姐妹)
He has a sister who is a musician. (不一定只有一个姐妹)
5. 引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用 who, whom, whose, 指物时用which, whose,指整个句子
用as, which; 关系副词when, where, 指原因用for which.
He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.
They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
He was proud, which his brother never was.
一、单据语法填空
1．Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the
new memebers, will take on many of the future repairs.
2．Taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, has been predicted, is
fruitful.
3．Lily told me everything she knew.
4．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school.
5．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful.
6．He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people
over half a century.
7．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started
jumping out of the window.公众号：黑洞视角
8．Children, is always the case, love their mother.
9．The reason he was absent was quite complicated.
10． is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month.
11．The upside is that you have reached a stage you can make your own decisions.
12．Over 120, 000 people in Norway, of 40% are college students, use the app.
13．Cultural heritage is a lot more than just relics. For example, our country has many nationalities,
dances, crafts and other traditions are also very important.
14．During my stay in America, I lived in university accommodation with other international students,
allows me to meet people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
15．Dream Variation is a most celebrated poem, theme deals with the dream of a world
free of racial discrimination.
16．In an age mobile phones and the Internet are eating up most of our time and energy, one can
understand how difficult it is to focus attention and energy on studies.
17．Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands became his
second home.
18．The next question I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.
19．The girl to I lent my bike works in a hospital.
20．I have purchased all is necessary.
21．This is the cleverest man I have ever known.
22．This is the greatest challenge we’ve ever met with.
23．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently.
24． is often the case, he was late again this morning, made his head teacher
annoyed.
25．Lucy was absent from Mr Smith's lecture yesterday, she made an apology to him.
26．It is a family of 8 children, all have got PhD in chemistry.
27．He has written the science fiction, the name I have completely forgotten.
28．The ship, the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.
29．The sun gives the earth light and heat, are very important to the living things.
30．We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so occupied with our work.
二、单项选择
31．The days are gone ______ physical strength was all ______ matters for her athletic career.
A．because; what B．when; that C．because; that D．when; what
32．Sitting in the lecture hall a number of committed teachers, ______ attention was on an outstanding
teacher’s lesson.
A．were, their B．was, whose C．was, their D．were, whose
33．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide公众号：黑洞视角
starvation.
A．which B．its C．whose D．whom
34．Linda walked through the door into the waiting area in the hospital, ________ there is always an atmosphere
of boredom and tension.
A．when B．that C．which D．where
35．Bungee Jumping is a very popular sport, ________ courage matters more than strength.
A．that B．why C．where D．which
36．Couples in China are allowed to have three children, ________, in my opinion, is helpful in dealing with the
problem of the increasingly aging population.
A．that B．who C．what D．which
37．The students were divided into pairs, ________ Lily wasn’t happy with.
A．which B．where C．who D．what
38．Miss Xiang is a great teacher________ always makes her classes lively.
A．which B．who C．what D．whom
39．Such fears of failing the tests ______ you have are totally unnecessary. You’d better remove them from your
mind.
A．that B．which C．as D．so
40．The workers believe the assembly hall ________ the curtain need to be changed deserves ________.
A．which; rebuilding B．of which; to be rebuilt
C．whose; to be rebuilt D．of which; to build
41．______ is known, more students tend to study abroad after graduation from senior high.
A．As B．It C．What D．That
42．I still can’t understand the point ______ our math teacher explained in class.
A．that B．where C．what D．how
43．People ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s Art
Science Museum.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
44．Can you spare me some time? Because I’ve got to talk to you about the moment ________ you made me
cross.
A．when B．which C．as D．how
45．It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A．which; where B．that; where C．which; that D．that; which
46．The 2022 World Cup was held in Qatar, ______football is the most popular sport.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
47．_____is known to all, China will be an _____and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so.
A．That; advancing B．This; advanced C．As; advanced D．It; advancing
48．We are living in an age _______ smart phones are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.公众号：黑洞视角
A．why B．that C．whose D．when
49．I’m reading the book Fu Lei’s Family Letters these days, __________ Fu Lei shared his views about life with
his son.
A．when B．that C．which D．where
50．Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.
A．on which B．from which C．by which D．to which
三、完成句子
51．那位老夫妻住在我们隔壁，他们的儿子在北京工作。
The old couple, son is working in Beijing lives next to us.
52．他最优秀的电影就是那部关于甘地生平的电影，该电影荣获了几项大奖。
His best movie, won several awards,was about the life of Gandhi.
53．通常情况下, 成功会带来幸福感。
Success, is often the case, leads to happiness
54．众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。
, the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture.
55．曾经的小渔村现在已经变成了一个现代化的城市，每年接待来自世界各地的游客。
has turned into a modern city, from all over the world each year.
56．在你的日常生活中，你会遇到很多困难的情况，在这些情况下，事情会出错。
As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations .
57．没有锚的船，任凭风浪摆布；同样，一个没有责任感的人会任由自己粗心草率的行为摆布。
A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and the winds; like wise, a person
responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviours.
58．有时，人们发现自己处于某些境地，在这些境地，他们不得不就他们的道德价值观做出艰难的选择。
From time to time, people find themselves in situations make a difficult choice concerning their
moral values.
59．确实，袁隆平瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
Indeed, Yuan Longping’s slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, he has
his life.
60．我很感激我的英语老师，在他的帮助下我的英语一直在进步。
I am grateful to my English teacher, in my English.
