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公众号：黑洞视角
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暑假作业 03 选择性必修三重点单词、单词变形、短语、句型练习
一、重点单词
1.______________ n.名誉；名声
2.______________ n.地位；级别；行列vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
3.______________ vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露
4.______________ vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送
5.______________ adj.喜爱
6.______________ n.新娘
7.______________ n.(数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落vi.& vt.减少；下降；衰落；谢绝
8.______________ n.花瓶；装饰瓶
9.______________ adj.国民的；民用的；民事的
10.______________ adj.值得……的；有价值的
11.______________ n.滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
12.______________ n.香烟；卷烟
13.______________ adj.头晕目眩的
14.______________ v.删去；删除
15.______________ n.牙科医生
16.______________ adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的n.月刊
17.______________ vi.，vt.& n.剃(须发)；刮脸
18.______________ n.自制力；纪律；学科vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
19.______________ vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
20.______________ vt.& n.排放；释放；发布
21.______________n.燃料；刺激性言行
22.______________ adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
23.______________ n.政策；方针；原则
24.______________ vi.& vt.改革；(使)改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良
25.______________ vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
26.______________ vt.恢复；使复原；修复
27.______________ n.(一)打；十二个
28.______________ vt.对……处以罚款
29.______________ n.工资公众号：黑洞视角
30.______________ adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
31.______________ n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌
32.______________ n.毯子
33.______________ n.& vi.航海；航行
34.______________ n.海军；海军部队
35.______________ adj.脾气好的/坏的
36.______________ n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
37.______________ n.家具
38.______________ n.娱乐；消遣；游戏
39.______________ n.动机；原因；目的
40.______________ adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的
41.______________ n.业余爱好者adj.业余的；业余爱好的
42.______________ n.格式；总体安排；(出版物的)版式vt.格式化
43.______________ vt.等候；期待；将发生在
44.______________ adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的n.空白；空格v.突然忘掉
45.______________ vt.& vi.播种；种
46.______________ n.种子；起源；萌芽
47.______________ n.最后期限；截止日期
48.______________ adj.复杂的；难懂的
49.______________ n.偏见；成见vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见
二、重点单词变形
1.precise adj.准确的；精确的→______________ adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
2.influence n.影响vt.影响；对……起作用→______________ adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
3.subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的→______________ adv.随后；后来；接着
4.invest v.投资；(把资金)投入；投入(时间、精力等)→______________ n.投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投
入→______________ n.投资者；投资机构
5.memory n.记忆；记忆力→______________ v.记忆→______________ n.纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物；纪念品
adj.纪念的；悼念的
6.criticise vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价→______________ n.批评；指责；评论
7.represent vt.代表；象征；描绘→______________ adj.典型的；有代表性的 n.代表
8.exhibit v.展示；陈列；展览→______________ n.展览；(技能、感情或行为的)表演
9.recognize vt.认出；识别；承认→______________ n.承认；认出；赞誉
10.expand vt.扩展；扩大；(使)膨胀→______________ n.扩张；扩展；扩大
11.physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的；符合自然法则的→______________ adv.身体上
→______________ n.物理学家公众号：黑洞视角
12.repeat v.重复→______________ adj.重复的→______________ adv.重复地→______________ n.重复
13.psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响→______________ adj.心理(学)的→______________ n.心理学家
14.rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→______________ adj.可靠的；可信赖的→______________ adv.可靠地；确实
地
15.compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→______________ n.作曲家→______________ n.作品；作曲；创
作；作文
16.disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→______________ adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→______________ adj.烦
恼的；不安的
17.special adj.特别的；重要的；特设的→______________ n.专科医生；专家→______________ vt.专攻；
专门研究
18.consult v.咨询；请教→______________ n.顾问；高级顾问医师→______________ n.咨询，咨询会
19.dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的→______________ adv.充满活力地；精力充沛地
20.starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→______________ n.饿死→______________ adj.极饿的
21.sustain vt.维持； 遭受； 承受住→______________ adj.可持续的；合理利用的→______________ n.持
续性； 能维持性
22.frequent adj.频繁的；时常发生的 v.常去，常到→______________ adv.频繁地；经常→______________
n.频率；频繁
23.restrict vt.限制； 限定；束缚→______________ n.限制规定；限制法规；约束→______________ adj.受
限制的
24.harmony n.协调；和睦；融洽→______________ adj.和谐的
25.moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中→______________ n.适度；适中；合理
26.annual adj.每年的；一年的 n.年刊；年鉴→______________ adv.每年地
27.origin n.起源；源头；起因→______________ adj.最初的；原始的→______________ adv.最初；起初
→______________ vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
28.conserve vt.保存→______________ n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持
29.inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→______________ n.检查；查看；视察→______________ n.检查员；巡视
员
30.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→______________ adj.宽容的；容忍的→______________ n.容忍
31.endure vt.忍耐； 容忍→______________ n.忍耐力；耐久力
32.qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→______________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历
等)→______________ n.资格；资历；资格证书
33.enthusiastic adj.热情的； 热心的→______________ adv.热心地→______________ n.热心；热情
34.assign vt.分派；布置；分配→______________ n.分配；任务
35.abandon vt.舍弃； 抛弃；放弃；沉迷于→______________ adj.被抛弃的；放纵的
36.belong v.属于→belongings n.(pl.) 财物；动产
37.selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfishness n.自私自利
38.persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神公众号：黑洞视角
39.cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残酷地；残忍地；冷酷地→cruelty n.残忍；残酷；冷酷
40.fortune n. 财 富 ； 命 运 ； 运 气 → ______________ adv. 幸 运 地 → ______________ adj. 不 幸 的
→______________ adv.不幸地；遗憾地
41.guide vt.指导 n.指南→______________ n.指导；引导；导航
42.loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→______________ n.忠诚；忠实
43.drama n.戏；剧；戏剧艺术→______________ adj.戏剧(性)的；突然的→______________ adv.突然地；
戏剧性地；引人注目地
44.sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事 vi.感到悲伤→______________ adj.悲伤的，伤心的
45.mood n.情绪；心情；语气→______________ adj.喜怒无常的
46.respective adj.分别的；各自的→______________ adv.分别；各自；依次为
47.comprehend v.理解→______________ n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习
48.sympathy n.同情；赞同→______________ adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
49.innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的→______________ n.天真；单纯；无罪
50.race n.种族→______________ adj.种族的；人种的
三、重点短语
1.______________________尤其；特别
2.______________________使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
3.______________________喜爱；喜欢
4.______________________赋予……生命；使……鲜活起来
5.______________________值得
6.______________________全神贯注于
7.______________________获得……的名声
8.______________________即将发生在某人身上；等待着某人
9.______________________总之
10.______________________展出
11.______________________回答；答复
12.______________________依赖；依靠；信赖
13.______________________立即；马上
14.______________________决定；选定
15.______________________下定决心
16.______________________由……组成(或构成)的
17.______________________剃掉；刮去
18.______________________焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
19.______________________筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
20.______________________除……之外还公众号：黑洞视角
21.______________________代表(代替)某人
22.______________________许多；很多
23.______________________参考；涉及；指的是
24.______________________对……产生影响
25.______________________导致；通向
26.______________________有助于；导致；为……作出贡献
27.______________________建立；开业；竖立；制定
28.______________________实际上；生效
29.______________________最终成为；最后处于
30.______________________拒绝(某人)
31.______________________生火
32.______________________放出(热、光、气味或气体)
33.______________________保持某人高昂的情绪
34.______________________使某人振作起来
35.______________________每况愈下
36.______________________回报某人
37.______________________困住；陷于
38.______________________对……热情
39.______________________坚持住；等一下；别挂断
40.______________________由……组成(构成)
41.______________________能够控制
42.______________________谋生
43.______________________有意义，讲得通
44.______________________赶上，跟上
45.______________________中肯，扼要；切题
46.______________________试一试
47.______________________哭泣
48.______________________紧紧抓住；坚持
四、重点句型
1.句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。(读后续写之主旨升华)
_______________________________________，we can guide ourselves with determination and love.
2.句型公式：不定式短语作表语
这次活动的目的是提高我们保护中国传统文化的意识。
_______________________________________ protecting traditional Chinese culture.公众号：黑洞视角
3.句型公式：no/not...but...
更有意义的不是喊空洞的口号，而是给有需要的孩子捐赠书籍和体育用品。
It is more meaningful __________________________________________________________ children in need.
4.句型公式：either...or..
在中国，许多父母把大多数时间都用在工作或照顾孩子上。
In China，many parents spend most of their time _______________________________________.
5.句型公式：if条件状语从句的省略
如果给他们一个展示自己画作的机会，他们一定会给我们一个大大的惊喜。
_______________________________________，they are bound to give us a big surprise.
6.句型公式：get＋过去分词
如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，最好待在原地等待救援。
If you happen to _______________________________________，you’d better stay where you are and wait for
help.
7.句型公式：含蓄虚拟语气
没有强烈的团队精神，我们就不会高效地完成我们的任务。
Without a strong teamwork spirit，_______________________________________ very efficiently.
8.句型公式：There is no/little doubt that...
毫无疑问，你的热情和善良可以弥合你和他人之间的隔阂。
_______________________________________ the gap between you and others.
9.句型公式：it is believed that...
人们相信，在我们的共同努力下，未来我们可以拥有更清洁的海洋。(2022·全国甲卷)
_______________________________________，we can have cleaner oceans in the future.
10.句型公式：感叹句
这对双胞胎给妈妈带来了多愉悦的惊喜啊！(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
_______________________________________ the twins gave to the mother!
11.句型公式：as long as引导条件状语从句
只要我们人类肩并肩行动起来，“携手并进，共创未来”的口号就能够实现。
_______________________________________ shoulder-to-shoulder，the motto “Together for a shared future”
will come true.
12.句型公式：as...as...
我一直和我的同学相处得不好，我不知道如何和他们一样热情地交流。
I have been getting on/along badly with my classmates and I don’t know
____________________________________________________________.
13.句型公式：why引导定语从句
人们庆祝端午节的原因是为了纪念屈原，一位伟大的中国诗人。(传统文化)
The reason _______________________________________ they honor Qu Yuan，a great Chinese poet.
14.句型公式：by doing (作状语)，＋主句公众号：黑洞视角
通过提供远距离通信和能源，电力创造了现代世界。
_______________________________________，electricity created the modern world.(2022·浙江卷1月卷)
15.句型公式：wherever引导让步状语从句
将来无论我去哪里，我都会努力保护并丰富我们自己的传统文化。
_______________________________________，I’ll make great efforts to preserve and enrich our own traditional
culture.
一、结合语境运用单词
1.What I value most is that we should pay attention to every small detail，which can ____________ (保证)our
success in the end.
2.When the answer was no，she ____________(谢绝) the invitation.(2022·浙江1月卷)
3.Though the scientist has made a great ____________(突破 )in the field of medicine ，he is still very
____________(谦逊的).
4.Mount Tai is a well-known tourist attraction，which is famous for its unique ____________ (日出).
5.What makes me excited is that tickets may be ____________ (购买) in advance from the box office.
6.When he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on the sofa，____________ (专心于) in
conversation.
7.The drug increases the number of red cells in the blood，____________ (提高) oxygen uptake by to percent.
8.He has a ____________(消极的) attitude towards study in senior high school and his headteacher tries to
persuade him to be buried in studying.
9.When she entered the dark room，fear____________(支配) her straight away.
10.In my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and ____________ (抓住) opportunities can one succeed.
11.There is a growing ____________ (趋势) that more and more people are living a green life to protect the
ecology from being damaged.
12.The program “Talk and Talk” has been ____________ (播放) by our school’s radio station for 5 years，and is
well received.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
13.We can’t tolerate people throwing garbage here and there，so we will launch a ____________ (运动) to appeal
to people to protect the environment.
14.Cao and Wu also collected ____________ (垃圾) along the road，in order to promote environmental
protection.(2022·全国甲卷)
15.He was ____________ (敏感的) to criticism，so he couldn’t tolerate being criticized by others.
16.After a ____________ (彻底的) search，we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.
17.When I learned that I failed in the exam，my heart ____________(下沉).
18.As far as I’m concerned，the new roommate is honest，____________(真诚的)，enthusiastic and full of
vigour.公众号：黑洞视角
19.When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage，her colleagues looked at her with ____________ (羡
慕).
20.They said goodbye to him as he got ____________(登上) the train at Beijing Station.
21.They accurately reflect the changes of natural ____________(规律) and play an extremely important role in
people’s daily life.
22.Being the tallest kid in her class，she was ____________ (取笑) by her classmates，which made her very
annoyed.
23.My Chinese teacher offers me some timely and generous guidance on how to ____________ (润色) my article.
24.At ____________ (黎明) they set out and at noon they arrived at their destination.
25.As is known to us，body language can give away a lot about your ____________ (情绪).
26.In order to improve our spoken English，an English ____________ (比赛) will be held at 9：00 am on June
18 in the school meeting room.
二、结合语境运用短语
1.The hard-working operator has read a lot and has much knowledge in many fields，which can _________ him
_________________ many others.
2.As is often the case with other old people，my grandfather _________________ talking about good old days.
3.As a Chinese who is interested in travelling _________________，I would like to introduce my favorite city—
Beijing.(2021·天津3月卷)
4.She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to _________________ her studies.
5.I think the Great Wall is one of the tourist attractions _________________ being visited.
6.I’m writing to have a brief introduction to Peking Opera_________________ your request.
7.Hearing the news that her parents would return from work soon，the girl jumped with joy _________________.
8.When we are depressed or _________________，home is always a shelter for us to have a rest.
9.I _________________ to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.
10.Life _________________ many elements，such as family，friends，study，work，entertainment，and so
on.
11._________________ my whole family，I’d like to extend my sincere gratitude for your help.
12.With such campaigns _________________，China’s waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable
future.
13.Arts _________________ cultural development when people gather together to share their experience.
14.Jim entered the competition without much hope，not thinking he would _________________ with the first
prize.
15.We had fun at the beach，picking up _________________ shells.
16.Personally，your comment is very brief and _________________.
17.Your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t _________________ to buy the cheapest brand of computer
just to save a few dollars.公众号：黑洞视角
18.Nowadays，it is easy for people to _________________ changes in fashion without having to spend a great
amount of money.
19.The majority of those farmers _________________ by growing wheat and corn.
20._________________ your dreams，no matter how big or small they are.
三、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.He is desperate to return to his hometown which has changed beyond __________ (recognise).
2.Unexpectedly，his practical ideas got __________(decline) at the meeting.
3.In addition，the __________ (exhibit) provides a chance for members to enjoy some art works in our museum.
4.As is known to us，Qi Baishi was one of the most __________(influence) artists in the history of Chinese
painting.
5.If you are available at 6：00 p.m.，May 10，click the __________ (enter) number 1234 on Zoom.
6.The girl student is very sensitive to what others think of her and easily annoyed by comments，whether they are
praise or __________(criticise).
7.Not only was the activity greatly praised but also it raised our environmental awareness.What a __________
(reward) day!
8.Besides，in the library，certain students speak or talk aloud，__________ (disturb) and annoying others.
9.The __________ (special) takes a few short breaks throughout the day or takes a short nap to feel energetic and
__________ (refresh).
10.I guarantee you that if you take exercise on a regular basis，you can keep __________(physical) healthy.
11.__________(absorb) in creating realistic paintings，he has gained a high reputation at home and abroad.
12.Now my dad and I go rock climbing together __________ (month)! It has enhanced (enhance) the quality of
my life，improving my health and __________ (increase) my happiness.
13.Hungry and __________(wear)out，he lay down on the ground，wondering what to do next.
14.Only when we practice speaking，reading，and writing English __________ (frequent) can it be upgraded to
a higher level.
15.With the moderate measures，we would build a __________ (harmony) society in the future.
16.Great changes have taken place since our country __________ (reform) in 1978.
17.After the news __________ (broadcast) that our spaceship returned to the earth safely，we all cheered with
great joy.
18.Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste __________ (end) up in the
river.
19.It was built __________ (origin)to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
(2021·全国甲卷)
20.Dozens of __________ (qualify) students took part in the campaign and practised frequently under the
__________ (guide) of some experienced writers and teachers.
21.It took the city __________ (rough) 2 weeks to restore the garden to its former beauty.公众号：黑洞视角
22.__________ (advertise) persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.
23.__________ (fortunate)，they didn’t seize the opportunity to finish these __________ (assign) ahead of time.
24.She felt desperately tired and her spirits __________ (sink).
25.I went through __________(complicate) emotions，such as fear，anxiety and sadness，just like many other
people.
26.All the candidates for the position advertised in the newspaper must deliver a speech __________(respective)
on July 15.
