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公众号：黑洞视角
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暑假作业 01 选择性必修一重点单词、单词变形、短语、句型练习
一、重点单词
1.____________ adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
2.____________vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点
3.____________vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求；坚持说
4.____________adv.主要地；一般地
5.____________vi.& vt.(fled，fled，fleeing)迅速离开；逃跑
6.____________ n.[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
7.____________n.流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
8.____________n.理论；学说
9.____________n.教授
10.____________ n.短语；词组
11.____________vt.转换；交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变；转变n.开关；转换器；改变
12.____________adj.远程的；偏远的
13.____________n.常规；正常顺序 adj.常规的；日常的
14.____________adj.有关的；有意义的
15.____________adj.可获得的；可购得的；(人)有空的
16.____________vt.& n.预测；预报
17.____________adj.乡村的；农村的
18.____________ n.段；段落
19.____________n.文章
20.____________vt.明令禁止；取缔 n.禁令
21.____________ vi.打喷嚏 n.喷嚏；喷嚏声
22.____________vi.延伸；延续 vi.& vt.伸展；舒展
24.____________ vt.& vi.(swung，swung，swinging)(使)摆动；摇摆；转弯；(使)突然转向公众号：黑洞视角
25.____________adj.极佳的；卓越的
26.____________n.展览；陈列；展览品 vt.显示；陈列
27.____________adj.合适的；恰当的
28.____________ n.手势；姿势；姿态
29.____________n.面颊；脸颊
30.____________vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头)n.弓；蝴蝶结
31.____________n.发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
32.____________vt.& vi.(bent，bent，bending)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向 n.弯；拐角
33.____________adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚
34.____________vi.盯着看；凝视n.凝视
35.____________n.胸部；胸膛
36.____________adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
37.____________adv.最终；最后
38.____________ vt.克服；解决；战胜
39.____________vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
40.____________vt.估计；估价；估算n.估计；估算
41.____________vt.包括；包含；由……组成
42.____________n.泥土；土壤；国土；领土
43.____________adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的
44.____________ adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
45.____________vt.& vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟n.摘要；文摘
46.____________n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的
47.____________n.根；根茎；根部；根源
二、重点单词变形
1.academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→_____________adj.学业的；学术的
2.evaluate vt.评价；评估→_____________n.评价；评估
3.distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→_____________n.区别；差别
4.apparent adj.显而易见的；明显的→_____________adv.显而易见；看来；显然
5.gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→_____________adv.轻轻地；温柔地公众号：黑洞视角
6.gradual adj.逐渐的→_____________adv.逐渐地；逐步地
7.remark v.& n. 谈论；评论→_____________adj.非凡的；显著的→_____________adv.惊人地
8.distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→_____________n.距离
9.automatic adj.自动的→_____________adv.无意识地；自动地
10.prefer vt.更喜欢；偏好→_____________n.爱好；偏爱
11.constant adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的 n.常数；常量→_____________adv. 始终；一直
12.predict vt.预测；预言；预料→_____________n.预测；预言
13.oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠→_____________adj.反对的→_____________adj.对面的；相反的 n.对立的
人(或物)；对立面 prep.在……对面
14.resist vi.& vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→_____________n.抵制；反对；抗拒
15.accurate adj.精确的；准确的→_____________n.精确，准确
16.visible adj.看得见的；可见的→_____________adj.看不见的
17.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止；阻止→_____________n.禁止；阻止；禁令
18.appeal vi.有吸引力；呼吁；恳求；上诉 n.吸引力；呼吁；上诉；请求→_____________adj.有吸引力的；
恳求的
19.fashion n.时尚；时兴；流行款式→_____________adj.流行的；时髦的
20.cycle n.自行车；摩托车；循环 vi.骑自行车→_____________n.骑自行车的人
21.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→_____________n.赞成；通过；同意；批准→_____________adj.
赞许的；许可的
22.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用 →_____________n.雇用；使用→_____________n.雇主；老板
→_____________n.雇工；雇员→_____________adj.失业的
23.differ vi.相异；不同于→_____________adj.不同的→_____________n.不同；差异
24.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同→_____________adj.赞成的；有利的
25.rely vi.依赖；依靠→_____________adj.可靠的；可信赖的
26.slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→_____________adv.略微；稍微
27.anxious adj.焦急的，焦虑的→_____________n.焦虑；担心；害怕
28.adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→_____________n.调整，调节；适应→_____________adj.
可调节的；可调整的
29.react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→_____________n.反应，回应公众号：黑洞视角
30.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→_____________adj.令人信服的→_____________adj.确信的；坚信的；
坚信不疑的
31.convention n.惯例；习俗→_____________adj.传统的；习惯的
32.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)→_____________n.扩大；膨胀
33.real adj.真实的→_____________ vt.实现；意识到→_____________n.现实；实际情况；事实
34.extend v.使延长；扩大→_____________n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
35.poor adj.贫穷的→_____________adv.糟糕地；不适→_____________n.贫穷；贫困
三、重点短语
1.__________________________承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2.__________________________坚决要求
3.__________________________(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
4.__________________________总结；概括
5.__________________________为……做出贡献
6.__________________________凭借；利用
7.__________________________竖立起来
8.__________________________某人无法控制
9.__________________________出于对……的热爱
10.__________________________由于
11.__________________________偶然
12.__________________________关/开(电灯、机器等)
13.__________________________着火
14.__________________________记录
15.__________________________ (与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)
16.__________________________与……闲逛
17.__________________________一方面……另一方面……
18.__________________________使某人安心
19.__________________________日常生活
20.__________________________在行进中；在移动中
21.__________________________出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作
22.__________________________依靠……生活；以吃……为生
23.__________________________有吸引力；有感染力；呼吁；上诉；打动
24.__________________________达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；不多于；(体力或智力上)能胜任；由……
决定公众号：黑洞视角
25.__________________________展览
26.__________________________对……熟悉
27.__________________________遗留；丢弃； 把……抛在后面
28.__________________________相比之下
29.__________________________ (与……)相比较
30.__________________________消除；分解；打破
31.__________________________直起来；整理；收拾整齐
32.__________________________换句话说；也就是说
33.__________________________(短暂地)访问；要求 (某人讲话等)；正式邀请；呼吁
34.__________________________有某种影响；在工作
35.__________________________亲吻某人的脸颊
36.__________________________盯着；注视
37.__________________________把……用于；献身；致力；专心
38.__________________________包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
39.__________________________在内心深处；本质上；实际上
40.__________________________一个……的问题
41.__________________________相应地；转而；依次；轮流
42.__________________________例如；比如
43.__________________________远离；远非
44.__________________________富于；有丰富的……
四、重点句型
1.句型：upon/on (doing) sth一……就……
一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(兴奋心理描写)
___________________________________，he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy.
2.句型：状语从句的省略
上周末在农场摘水果的时候，我们沐浴在春日温暖的阳光中。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
___________________________________，we were bathed in the spring warm sunshine.
3.句型：it作形式主语
对于约翰来说，通过制作和卖爆米花来帮助伯纳德过更好的生活是一种莫大的荣幸。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
___________________________________ Bernard to live a better life by making and selling popcorn.
4.句型：the instant
我一看到熊咬铁丝网，我就屏住呼吸，一动也不敢动。(2020·浙江卷)
___________________________________，I held my breath，not daring to move an inch.
5.句型：the way作先行词的定语从句
只有改变我们对待环境的方式，我们才能与环境友好相处。(环境保护)公众号：黑洞视角
Only by changing ___________________________________ can we get along well with it.
6.句型：as引导原因状语从句
我写信寻求您对我们的英语短剧的指导，因为我不知道如何调整剧情的词汇和语法。(求助信)
I’m writing to ask for your guidance on our English short play，___________________________________ the
vocabulary and grammar of the plot.
7.句型：现在分词短语作结果状语
中国运动员在东京奥运会上获得了88枚奖牌，使整个国家兴奋不已。
Chinese athletes won 88 medals in Tokyo Olympic Games，___________________________________.
8.句型：倍数表达法
现在全运会的运动员人数是十年前的两倍。
Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is ____________________________ ten years ago.
9.句型：It is hoped that...
人们希望普通人能过上富足和幸福的生活。
______________________________________________________________________.
10.句型：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级
直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
It was not until then that I suddenly realized __________________________ than I was.
11.句型：部分否定
并非每个学生都真正意识到了尊重和传播中国传统文化的重要性。
______________________________________________ respecting and spreading traditional Chinese culture.
12.句型：while引导让步状语从句
尽管旅游能够拓展你的视野，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱不是一个好主意。
___________________________________，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
13.句型：what引导主语从句
给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。
___________________________________ my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I
come across difficulties.
14.句型：given that...引导条件状语从句
考虑到她喜欢孩子，我确信教书是适合她的职业。
___________________________________，I’m convinced that teaching is the right career for her.
15.句型：It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
据估计，到2050年，13亿人将把英语作为他们的第一或第二语言。
______________________________1.3 billion people will use English as their first or second language by 2050.公众号：黑洞视角
一、结合语境运用单词
1.I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were ___________ (击败).
2.The motto means excellence can only be ___________ (获得)after you have put to use what you have learnt and
have tried it over and over again.
3.I’m writing to invite you to attend “Talk and Talk”，an English program ___________ (创建) by our school
broadcasting station.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
4.It was by chance that I ___________(遇到) my former classmate on the street the other day.
5.As a graduating high school student who has a ___________(激情) for volunteering，I will have enough time
and energy to invest in my community.
6.Another reason is my ___________ (不断的) concern about the environmental protection and the improvement
of people’s living conditions.
7.Labour not only creates a better environment for us to live in but also ___________ (倡导) the spirit of diligence.
8.My teacher cares about me and prepares me for my future ___________ (职业；事业).
9.He ___________ (命令)that the students should hand in their homework before he returned.
10.It goes without saying that oceans play a ___________ (关键的) role in the world.(2022·全国甲卷)
11.___________ (为……伴奏) her daughter on the piano，when she was available，was a good opportunity to
display her talent for music.
12.The librarian suffered from headaches and loss of ___________(食欲；胃口)，so he didn’t go to the restaurant
with us.
13.When I came across him，he was ___________(闲逛) aimlessly in the street.
14.It’s announced that there is going to be a lecture ___________ (以……为主题)“How to learn effectively”.
15.Equipped with a ___________ (雄伟的) stadium，our school offers us an opportunity to do a variety of sports.
16.The tea house ___________ (见证) a really enjoyable time for all of us.
17.She found herself in ___________ (冲突) with her parents over her future career in fashion design.
18.He made a silly mistake，so he ___________ (降低) his head，not daring to look up.
19.Having ___________ (澄清) his opinion of the incident，Mr Smith sat down and listened to others’.
20.There is no need for you to ___________(费心)yourself about such small things.
21.She ___________ (哭泣) sadly，wiping her tears with a tissue.
22.Besides，finishing the hard race will help us obtain self-confidence and motivation，which are ___________
(极其重要的) qualities in our future success.
23.To my amazement，his opinion is similar to mine in many ___________ (方面).
24.In my ___________ (空闲)time，I listen to my favorite songs at home instead of going outdoors.
25.The construction of China Space Station shows our country has ___________ (获得) great success in space
science.
二、结合语境运用短语
1.It is necessary for you to _______________ your experience constantly and improve the efficiency of your work.公众号：黑洞视角
2.The farmers _______________ sending us some tasty apples when we set off for our school.
3.The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of _______________ .
4.The building _______________ and many people were trapped in it.
5.I will try to _______________ the new field by gaining relevant knowledge gradually.
6.He _______________ the computer the instant he heard someone knocking at the door.
7.The poor family _______________ the land，with the father struggling to make ends meet.
8.He got to the company in a hurry，only to find he had ________ his suitcase _________ at home.
9.The group of wild horses are _______________，so it’s difficult for us to take photos of them.
10.Some of Qi Baishi’s paintings are _______________ in the museum at present.
11.The Greens _______________ early in the morning and arrived at their destination before noon.
12.The activity is aimed at _______________ students to take exercise for an hour every day.
13.In other words ， employing body language appropriately can help you _______________ barriers in
communication.
14.In the street，she found herself _______________ by a stranger，which made her a little nervous.
15.Helen _______________ her bedroom when she heard her mother crying for help in the kitchen.
16.Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and _______________ we
should give a helping hand to them from now on.
17.Although I was angry at his words，_______________ I knew most of what he said was right.
18.My father was _______________ satisfied with my answer to his question.(2021·浙江6月卷)
19.Everyone can make contributions to protecting our natural resources._______________，we can save lots of
gas by riding a bike or walking instead of driving.
20.Keep up your courage，since life _______________ joy and sadness.
三、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.After two years，the second group saw__________ (remark) improvements in heart health.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
2.The __________ (novel) was about to leave when he noticed leaves moving gently (gentle) in the breeze.
3. __________ (found) in 1985 in Beijing，it is now a nationwide organization, where the performance of the
employee __________(evaluate) last month.
4.__________ (encounter) a frightening beast on the way to the market the other day, the servant __________ (flee)
with her heart beating wildly.
5.With the help of his classmates, Peter got used to the new life and __________(gradual) made progress in his
studies.
6.From these facts we can draw a __________ (conclude) that we ought to adopt a more __________(science)
approach to preserving the traditional customs.
7.The camps have excellent horses, __________ (profession) guides and lots of support workers.
8.Upon reaching his hometown in the __________ (distant)，the politician expressed a __________ (prefer) for
the unique scenery.
9.China will safeguard energy security by resource protection, __________ (advocate) green lifestyles and公众号：黑洞视角
consumer culture.
10.He insisted on going there alone in spite of a __________ (warn) issued by the local government.His behaviour
was so strange and __________ (normal).
11.As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it __________(automatic).
12.In France, quality of life is much more important than __________ (efficient).(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
13.We followed Mr.Read’s speech attentively，nodding and applauding __________ (constant).
14.Overall, the results are quite interesting, indicating that language learning can be integrated with personal
hobbies and __________(entertain).(2022·全国乙卷)
15.In this sense, nothing is as __________ (appeal) as spending time with the family and enjoying various
entertainment activities.
16.His parents have been working away from home，thus rarely __________ (accompany) him, but he never
complains about that.
17. After __________(cycle) for half an hour, I persuaded him to go to a restaurant for lunch where smoking
__________(prohibit).
18.Our program, which is mainly about students’ study and school life，has a __________ (differ) topic each time.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
19.As a special __________ (educate) teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and
was proud of his strong determination.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
20.However, her children have learned an important lesson __________ (witness) their mother earn her degree.
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
21.When learning his friend had moved to a __________ (slight) larger house，he wandered around，depressed
and full of __________(anxious).
22.There are __________(vary) approaches to the problem of selecting materials.
23.I made up my mind to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a __________(rely) person in
the future.
24.In China, smiling is not only an expression of happiness ，but also a way to avoid being __________
(embarrass).
25.As the educator puts it, __________ (expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.
26.It is clarified that there are still a large number of people facing __________ (poor) in the area.
27.Yuan Longping chose to study agriculture and received an __________ (educate) at Southwest Agricultural
College in Chongqing.
28.She devoted herself __________ (entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
29.From now on，you’re going to have to stay away from __________(salt) food.(2021·全国乙卷)
30.We felt at home with her and were impressed with the __________ (deep) of her knowledge.
