查漏知识 专题 07 名词
(思维导图+高频考点+关键能力+模拟新题+押题预测)
目录
知识点：名词 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2
【必记核心知识思维导图】名词核心知识思维导图................................................................................................2
【考情分析】.................................................................................................................................................................2
【真题回顾】..................................................................................................................................................................2
1：以名词为核心的词形转换......................................................................................................................................3
2：考查名词复数...........................................................................................................................................................3
3：考查名词所有格.......................................................................................................................................................4
4：考查抽象名词具体化用法......................................................................................................................................4
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力..................................................................................................................4
【模拟新题】精选模拟新题及时跟踪演练....................................................................................................................9
【押题预测】依据高考的命题思想，结合重点知识，深度预测高考试题..............................................................10
知识点：名词一、以名词为核心的词形转换
1.（2025 年 1 月·浙江卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase themoutright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants
of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought
the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in
England.
3．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 6 2 (visible), said
Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection
between the two great writers.
4.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions
because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
5．(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the 5 6 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng
Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident
speaking English.
6.（2022年6月浙江卷）John Olson, a former 58 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully
textured 3D models.
1.根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词
(1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时， 要想到名词；
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词；
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2. 根据空处词的位置，确定本词在句中的成分，作主语、宾语成分，可能填名词，表语也可能是名词。
二、考查名词复数
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷）As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing rental
services have become increasingly popular.
2．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary,
lavender and fennel.
3．（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could
never have met, there are common 57 (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research
for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
4.（2024·北京卷）To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and
professional life.
三、考查名词所有格
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷） “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I know
that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
2.（2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“He saved my 6 4 (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
3.（2021·浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meterssquared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
四、考查抽象名词具体化用法
1.（2023·全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However,
Carson’s theme is a more weighty 6 9 (warn) about environmental destruction.
2.（2020·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and
the beginning of spring.
有些表示表示抽象意义的名词，在具体的语境中表示具体的人、事物或活动。常考的
有以tion结尾的抽象名词，failure，success等。例如：celebration抽象意义：庆祝；具体意义：某种庆祝活
动；failure抽象意义：失败；具体意义：失败的人或事；success抽象意义：成功；具体意义：成功的人或
事。
1．形容词转化为名词后缀
后缀 例词
－age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
－cy
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
－dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧
－ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度
－ness
kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
－th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情
difficult→difficulty困难 disable→disability缺陷；伤残
－y/－ty/－ity
responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实①careless→ carelessness粗心大意helpless→ helplessness无助safe→ safeness安全性(易混：safety安全)
【注意】以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i再加-ness lonely→ loneliness孤独
②strong→ strength 力气；强项 true→ truth 真实 wide→ width 宽度 deep→ depth 深度 long→ length 长度
young→ youth年轻人
【高频再现】
①absent→ absence 缺席 confident→ confidence 自信心 different→ difference 不同 evident→ evidence 证据
patient→ patience耐心
②bored→ boredom厌烦free→ freedom自由；自主wise→ wisdom明智；智慧
③difficult→ difficulty 困难 discover→ discovery 发现 deliver→delivery 递送 recover→recovery 恢复；痊愈
honest→ honesty诚实
④certain→ certainty必然的事cruel→ cruelty残酷；残暴safe→ safety安全
⑤able→ ability 能力 disable→ disability 无能；残疾 active→ activity 活动 real→ reality 现实 responsible→
responsibility责任 visible→visibility知名度
2．动词转化为名词后缀
后缀 例词
attract→attraction吸引力 celebrate→celebration庆祝
－ion/ conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述
－tion/ decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入
－sion/ permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员
－er/
gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师
－or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗
－ment
equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府
astonish→astonishment惊奇 develop→development发展
appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导
－ance/
perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存
－ence
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/ fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
-ture depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
－ing
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现①enter→ entrance进入exist→ existence存在；生存prefer→ preference偏爱refer→ reference参考；查阅
differ→ difference不同②imagine→ imagination想象力starve→ starvation挨饿occupy→ occupation工作，职
业；占领③cover→ coverage覆盖范围short→ shortage不足；短缺marry→ marriage婚姻pack→ package包
裹④serve→ servant仆人participate→ participant参加者assist→ assistant助手apply→ applicant申请人
⑤clean→ cleaner清洁剂contain→ container容器cook→ cooker炊具draw→ drawer抽屉dry→ drier干燥剂；
干燥机sharpen→ sharpener铅笔刀shave→ shaver剃须刀thrill→ thriller惊悚小说/电影calculate→ calculator
计算器tract→ tractor拖拉机
【高频再现】
①approve→approval赞成；批准arrive→arrival到来；到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议；
建议refuse→refusal拒绝
②press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发fail→failure失败
please→pleasure愉快
③educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation评估graduate→graduation毕业
④equip→equipment设备employ→employment雇用treat→treatment对待；治疗
⑤employ→employee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee受训者；实习生escape→escapee
逃亡者
3．名词转化为名词后缀
后缀 例词
－ian/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家
－ist/ science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家
①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人
4.名词复数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s：book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→
girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es：glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母＋-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es；city→ cities, country→ countries, party→
parties
(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s：radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos；加-es的有以下词：heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f，-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s：roof→ roofs，belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf,
wolf, half。
2．名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时，要想到用复数形式。
3．谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4．【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如 child→ children, man→ men, tooth→
teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans（准确记住不规则变化是二轮
复习的重点，这样防止知识漏洞。）
5．有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、
respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6．【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends
with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make
preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。
7．常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)
等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、
progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。（一定记牢）
8.名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人，two peoples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作
“眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数
形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作，工厂，工事)air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
5.名词的所有格：
(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
(2)表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
(3)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。
(4) 【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要
加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
(5) 【注意】双重所有格：“a/two/some... ＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋
名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
6.抽象名词具体化
1.具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考
的有：
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
2.物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料
coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡
chalk 粉笔→a chalk一支粉笔hair头发→a hair一根头发
3.抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
例如：Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
模拟新题
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1.（2025·山西省临汾市高三第二次模拟）The outpouring of joy in China and around the world at the reopening
of the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral is 36 (prove) of the symbolic strength and value that we attach to
monuments.
2.（2025·山西省临汾市高三第二次模拟）For a long time now, China has been aware of the 43
(significant) put on architectural inheritance.
3.（2025·陕西省汉中市高三质量检测二模）Along with the exhibition, the museum will host a 44
(various) of learning activities including an interactive workshop themed around battle prints and paintings for
children to learn about these unique multi-spatial narratives and to create and role play their own characters based
on the exhibits.
4.（2025·河南省信阳高级中学高三下学期二模测试（一））Chinese 45 (people) love of nature and
pursuit of harmonious coexistence are also embedded (根深蒂固的) within.
5.（2025·河南省信阳高级中学高三下学期二模测试（一））This enhances 38 (stable) and adds
flexibility to the architecture.
6.（2025·河南省信阳高级中学高三下学期二模测试（一））The Hemudu site in Yuyao dates back around
7,000 years. Hundreds of wooden components with sunmao structures have been unearthed from the 41
(remain) of houses there, the earliest known application of sunmao structures in China.
7.（2025·河北省秦皇岛市山海关区第二次模拟）Yang often attends science population events, of which the
missions are to light up children’s 44 (curious) and to stimulate them to explore science and the
unknown.
8.（2025·江西省十校协作体高三联考）These 64 (create) have gained nationwide popularity, even
exported to countries such as the United States, France and many others.
9.（2025·内蒙古赤峰市高三第二次模拟）Chen Junkun, one of many cork carvers in Fuzhou, Fujian province,
felt great 36 (excite)when he got the news about regulations protecting Fuzhou cork carving techniques.
10.（2025·四川雅安阶段练习）It’s all about taking good tea (leaf) and maybe adding some pretty
rosebuds to make it fancy.
12.（2025·甘肃期中）Beyond its role as a toy, the (principle) behind the Luban lock’s interlocking
structures have been extended into the field of architectural design.
13.（2025·湖北期中）“When I had a cold, my mom would make a cupping (拔火罐), a technique
involving placing cups on the skin to create suction (吸力),” shared Halpyarovich, now in her (thirty).
14.（2025·广东阶段练习）These workshops are part of an initiative to provide local and home-basedemployment for physically challenged (woman), which was launched by the China Disabled Persons’
Federation and the All-China Women’s Federation.
15.（2025·云南昆明期中）When you stroll through the shifting sand, sometimes you can hear loud noises from
beneath your (foot). This is how the mountain got its name — Mingsha, which means “Singing Sand”
Mountain.
时间：10分钟 满分：25分 得分：_______
1．College students hold a (graduate) ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their
life journey.
2． (minor) cultures should be respected so that the cross-cultural conflict could gradually be eliminated.
3．He learned the value and (beautiful) of nature there from a very young age.
4．In time, he gained (recognize) as one of the greatest artists China has ever known.
5．The (chief) of different tribes gathered together to discuss important matters about their lands and
people.
6．Seventy-one different (various) of tropical plants were introduced into China last year.
7．Usually the public is admitted, but sometimes you must make (arrange) in advance.
8．The (fluent) of his speech made him a great public speaker.
9． (pessimistic) see the world through a lens of loss, understanding that even in the midst of gain, there
is always the fear of loss lurking (潜伏) in the shadows.
10．Students learned many practical (apply) of their research they had conducted in the classroom.
11．It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters.
12．After two (day) hard work, they succeeded in completing the project.
13．Every (individual) story adds depth to our understanding of history.
14．Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet
(owner) professional lives as well.
15．You’ll hear these (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,
and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
16．These poems describe not only the historical changes of a dynasty, but also (people) understanding
of the world.
17．For senior high school students who are busy preparing for the college (enter) examination, Ne zha 2
offers hope by inspiring them to be like Ne zha, never give up, and strive for their dreams.
18．Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic specific (reflect) task.
19．In China, food (deliver) service is so popular that you can enjoy various kinds of meals in the
comfort of your own home.20．The (construct) work of the theatre is supposed to be completed within the year.
21.Chinese table tennis icon Ma Long received the Outstanding Sporting Career Award from the Association of
National Olympic Committees (ANOC) on Wednesday, recognizing his exceptional (achieve) and
contributions to the sport.
22.The key to its speed, said to be two percent faster than the Tokyo 2020 Olympics’ track, is a layer of
honeycomb air cells that help to absorb and return the energyof a (runner) foot.
23.The rapid rise of the “TCM+food” trend reflects (today) growing public attention toward health,
24.Their styles may differ, but they all share the same root. Chinese (people) love of nature and pursuit
of harmonious coexistence are also embedded (根深蒂固的) within.
25.Perhaps the most sad thing is that you give a person you love countless (opportunity) to forgive him.
