热点话题02 黑猩猩有时相互进行“急救”——
动物研究
目录
时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解
【原创·阅读理解】
【课标词汇积累】
【课标词汇训练】
【参考译文】
好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练
【阅读理解】
【阅读7 选5】
【完形填空】
【语法填空】
【话题·导语】
科学家们长期以来已知黑猩猩有时会将树叶或昆虫用作药物。如今，乌干达研究黑猩猩的科学家发现，这
些动物有时会彼此提供“急救”。这表明黑猩猩可能具备思考如何帮助他人以及自身的意识。
【原文·时文阅读】
文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2025/06/04/chimps-perform-first-aid-on-each-other/
Scientists have long known that chimpanzees sometimes use leaves or insects as medicine. Now, researchers
studying chimpanzees in Uganda have discovered that the animals will sometimes provide “first aid” to each other.
This suggests that chimpanzees may be able to think about how to help others, as well as themselves.
Chimpanzees are one of the animal species most closely related to humans. Because of this, researchers have
carefully studied the lives of chimpanzees in many different ways. One area that has scientists curious is how
chimpanzees care for themselves when they are sick or hurt.
读时文精读
In 2021, Dr. Elodie Freymann went to Uganda to study the chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest. She was
interested in learning more about the methods the chimpanzees used to help themselves when they got hurt. Dr.
Freymann had already done work investigating how chimps eat certain plants, using them as medicine.
As Dr. Freymann was looking through notes from other researchers, she noticed that there were several
stories about chimpanzees caring for themselves or others. She and her team decided to look through 30 years of
notes from researchers who had studied chimpanzees in the region. They also spent eight months studying two
separate groups of chimpanzees in the forest.
The researchers found 34 examples of chimpanzees treating their own wounds. Often this sort of “self-care”
was very basic, like licking a wound or cleaning themselves with leaves. Sometimes it was more complicated. In
some cases, Dr. Freymann says, the chimpanzees “chew the plants up, and then apply the chewed material to the
open injury.”
Licking a wound can help remove dirt and other small items that might make it hard for the wound to heal.
What’s more, the spit of some chimps can have chemicals that can help keep a wound from getting infected. The
leaves of some plants can do this, too.
The self-care of the chimps was interesting. But even more interesting were the seven cases they found of
chimpanzees helping out other chimpanzees. This seems to show that chimpanzees may be able to tell when
another chimpanzee needs help. It’s fairly unusual for animals to try to help another injured animal.
In one case, a teenage male chimp was seen sucking on the leg of another young male chimp, helping clean a
wound.
Some of the chimps who helped others weren’t even related. In one case, a male chimp helped an unrelated
female chimp escape from a rope trap that had caught her.
One big question for the scientists is how much of this behavior comes from the chimpanzees’ natural
instincts, and how much is learned from other chimps.
In one notable case, an adult female chewed a leaf to put on her wound. The chimp’s younger daughter saw
this, and then did exactly the same thing, chewing up a leaf and putting it on her mother’s injury.
Dr. Freymann believes that some behaviors come from instinct, but others seem so complicated that they’re
probably learned. She plans to continue studying chimpanzees in order to learn more.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What does Dr. Freymann think is more interesting？
A. The chimpanzees themselves lick the wounds to remove dirt.
B.A male chimp helped a female chimp escape from a rope trap.
C.The chimpanzees used certain plants to help themselves.
D.A teenage male chimp was seen sucking on the leg of his own.
2.What can we know about the chimps according to Dr. Freymann？
A.Chimps help each other from their instincts.
B.Chimps help themselves by learning from others.
C.Chimps help each other by learning from humans .
D.Chimps sometimes use leaves or insects as medicine.
3.Which is the best title of the passage?
A.Chimps Perform “First Aid” on Each Other.
B.Chimps Help Themselves When Hurt.
C.Chimps can Help Others by Instincts.
D.Chimps can Learn from Others.
4.What will Dr. Freymann probably do next?
A.Further investigate.
B.Study more notes.
C.Analyze more data.
D.Do some experiments.
【课标词汇积累】
1.species n.物种, 种类, 类型
Biologists taught us how different species interact in ecosystems, which inspired our school's environmental
club to create a biodiversity garden.
生物学家教会我们不同物种如何在生态系统中互动，这激发了我们学校环保俱乐部创建了一个生物多样性花园。
2.relate v.涉及, 联系, 叙述, 认同
Group discussions allowed us to relate physics formulas to real-life phenomena like rollercoaster rides.
小组讨论让我们将物理公式与过山车等现实现象联系起来。
3. curious adj.求知欲强的, 稀奇古怪的
The chemistry teacher encouraged curious questions, leading to an unexpected discussion about edible
chemical compounds.
化学老师鼓励好奇的提问，引发了一场关于可食用化合物的意外讨论。
4.investigate v.调查, 研究
We investigated why certain classrooms had better acoustics, using decibel meters borrowed from the
physics lab.
我们借用物理实验室的分贝仪，调查了为什么某些教室的音响效果更好。
5.apply v.申请, 应用, 适用, 涂，敷, 有关，涉及, 努力, 使全神贯注于
The "Startup Camp" taught us how to apply marketing theories to promote student-run businesses.
"创业营"教会我们如何应用营销理论来推广学生经营的业务。
6.chew v.咀嚼，嚼碎, （因紧张）咬
Teachers reminded us to chew thoroughly during lunch, linking it to better digestion and concentration in
afternoon classes.
老师们提醒我们在午餐时充分咀嚼，并将其与更好的消化和下午课的专注力联系起来。
7.instinct n.本能，天性, 冲动, 天资，天才
The basketball coach trained players to rely less on instinct and more on strategic positioning.
篮球教练训练球员减少依赖本能，更多地依靠战略定位。
8.complicated adj.复杂的, 难处理的
The math Olympiad team simplified complicated problems by breaking them into visual diagrams.
数学奥林匹克队通过将复杂问题分解成视觉图表来简化它们。
9.unusual adj.特别的，不寻常的, 独特的，别致的
During the school's "Reverse Day," teachers and students swapped roles, creating an unusual but
enlightening dynamic in the classroom.
在学校"角色互换日"中，师生交换身份，在教室里形成了一种不寻常但富有启发性的互动模式。
10.notable adj.值得注意的, 显著的, 著名的
Her notable research on sleep patterns influenced the school to adjust morning assembly times.
她对睡眠模式的显著研究影响了学校调整早晨集会时间。
【课标词汇训练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
1.Our science project compared local plant _____________, showing how urbanization affects their survival
rates.
我们的科学项目比较了本地植物物种，展示了城市化如何影响它们的存活率。
2.The counselor helped students _____________ their personal struggles to classic literature characters during
mental health week.
心理辅导员在心理健康周期间帮助学生将个人困境与经典文学角色联系起来。
3.A _____________ student discovered that altering the angle of a ramp significantly changed the marble's
velocity in our experiment.
一名好奇的学生发现，改变斜坡角度会显著影响实验中弹珠的速度。
4.The history club _____________ primary sources to debunk a myth about our school's founding date.
历史俱乐部调查原始资料，揭穿了关于我校建校日期的一个传言。
5.Students _____________ geometry concepts to design an optimal layout for the school's new vegetable
patch.
学生们运用几何概念为学校的新菜园设计了最佳布局。
6.The nutritionist demonstrated how _____________ speed affects blood sugar levels using glucose monitors.
营养师用血糖监测仪展示了咀嚼速度如何影响血糖水平。
7.When the fire drill alarm sounded, students followed evacuation _____________ practiced monthly.
当消防演习警报响起时，学生们按照每月演练的本能进行疏散。
8.A _____________ debate about school uniforms lasted three hours in the student council meeting.
关于校服的复杂辩论在学生议会会议上持续了三个小时。
9.The most _____________ improvement in our school was the installation of solar panels suggested by the
Green Committee.
我们学校最显著的改进是由绿色委员会建议安装的太阳能电池板。
10.Our literature teacher assigned an _____________ task—rewriting Shakespearean sonnets in emoji language,
which sparked hilarious yet insightful discussions.
文学老师布置了一项不寻常
——
的任务
用表情符号改写莎士比亚十四行诗，引发了既搞笑又深刻的讨论。
【参考译文】
科学家们长期以来已知黑猩猩有时会将树叶或昆虫用作药物。如今，乌干达研究黑猩猩的科学家发现，
这些动物有时会彼此提供“急救”。这表明黑猩猩可能具备思考如何帮助他人以及自身的意识。
黑猩猩是与人类亲缘关系最近的动物物种之一。基于这一特性，研究人员已通过多种方法对黑猩猩的
生活习性进行了深入研究。其中令科学家们尤为关注的一个领域，是黑猩猩在患病或受伤时如何进行自我
照料。
2021 年，Elodie Freymann 博士前往乌干达，对布东戈森林的黑猩猩展开研究。她特别关注这些灵长类
动物在受伤时的自我保护机制。此前，Freymann 博士已通过研究发现，黑猩猩会将某些植物作为药材食用。
当弗雷曼博士查阅其他研究人员的笔记时，她注意到有几篇关于黑猩猩自我照料或照料他人的报道。
她与团队决定查阅该地区研究黑猩猩的学者们30 年的研究记录。他们还花了八个月时间研究森林中两组不
同的黑猩猩。
研究人员发现了34 例黑猩猩处理自身伤口的案例。此类“自我护理”行为通常较为基础，例如舔舐伤
口或用树叶清洁。有时则更为复杂。Freymann 博士指出，在某些情况下，黑猩猩会“将植物咀嚼后，将咀
嚼后的物质涂抹于开放性损伤处”。
舔舐伤口有助于清除可能阻碍伤口愈合的污垢及其他微小异物。此外，部分黑猩猩的唾液含有可抑制
伤口感染的化学物质，某些植物的叶片亦具有相同作用。
黑猩猩的自我照料行为引人关注。但更令人瞩目的是，研究者发现了七例黑猩猩互相救助的案例。这
似乎表明黑猩猩可能具备识别同伴需要帮助的能力。动物主动救助受伤同伴的现象在自然界中较为罕见。
在一项案例中，观察到一只青春期雄性黑猩猩正在吮吸另一只年轻雄性黑猩猩的腿部，协助清理伤口。
部分协助他人的黑猩猩彼此并无亲缘关系。其中一例中，一只雄性黑猩猩帮助一只无亲缘关系的雌性
黑猩猩逃脱了绳索陷阱。
科学家们面临的一个重大问题是，这种行为中有多少源自黑猩猩的自然本能，又有多少是通过与其他
黑猩猩的学习获得的。
在一个显著案例中，一只成年雌性黑猩猩咀嚼一片叶子敷在伤口上。其幼女目睹后，亦效仿该行为，
咀嚼一片叶子并将其敷于母体伤口处。
弗雷曼博士认为，某些行为源于本能，而另一些行为则显得过于复杂，很可能属于后天习得。她计划
继续研究黑猩猩以获取更多见解。
Passage1 阅读理解
（2026·江苏省苏州市期中阳光调研）
The human interest with watching others — whether through reality TV or overheard drama — is often
dismissed as curiosity. But new research suggests this urge may be a social survival tool dating back millions of
years.
练好题精练
To explore the origins of social curiosity, Laura Lewis, a psychologist at the University of California, and her
colleagues studied how human children between four and six years old from San Francisco’s Bay Area and adult
chimpanzees responded to certain videos showing members of their respective species. The results show that both
groups preferred watching social interactions over scenes involving individuals — even giving away small rewards
to see the former.
“These findings demonstrate that social information is important, rewarding and valuable for humans and
other primate(灵长类)species,” Lewis says. “It suggests that social information was also important for our shared
primate ancestors and that for millions of years it has been adaptive for primates to gain social information about
those around them.”
Another recent study explored peer-watching behavior in long-tailed macaques(猕猴). Both female and male
macaques showed more interest in aggressive(好斗的)interactions than in peaceful brushing, and both paid more
attention to videos of familiar individuals. The study’s lead author, liesbeth Sterck, a primatologist at Utrecht
University, says the latter behavior mirrors the way humans are drawn to the social lives of people they recognize
— whether family, friends or movie stars. Interest in aggressive interactions, which are likely to reveal shifts in
dominance or signal potential threats, supports findings that humans are especially aware of watching conflict in
media. “Keeping track of the power balance in your own group likely has prime value for primates, including
humans,” Sterck says.
Gillian Forrester, who studies comparative cognition(认知)at the University of Sussex, says social attention
is key to maintaining a good reputation. In ancient humans and other primates, reputational damage can bar access
to food and mates, cause physical conflict and, in extreme cases, lead to potentially deadly rejection. With so much
at risk, primates developed to keep a close eye on group members. “Modern humans maintain this sharp attention to
other people’s social interactions as an evolutionary adaptation,” Forrester says — so people watching might just
pay off.
1．What did Laura Lewis and her team find in their study?
A．Children learned to become more social by watching others.
B．Chimpanzees showed more interest in watching individuals.
C．Children and Chimpanzees needed rewards to watch videos.
D．Children and Chimpanzees preferred watching social scenes.
2．Why are macaques and humans interested in aggressive interactions?
A．To chase the latest social trends.
B．To discover changes and threats.
C．To explore the social lives of friends.
D．To demonstrate their power over others.
3．What does Gillian Forrester find about reputational damage?
A．It affects human’s ability to find food.
B．It is mainly caused by physical fights.
C．It can lead to serious results like being excluded.
D．It can be avoided as primates value group harmony.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Reality TV satisfies human curiosity.
B．Social curiosity is developed in childhood.
C．Primates share similar behaviors with humans. D．People-watching has deep evolutionary origins.
【长难句分析】
【文章原句】To explore the origins of social curiosity, Laura Lewis, a psychologist at the University of California,
and her colleagues studied how human children between four and six years old from San Francisco’s Bay Area and
adult chimpanzees responded to certain videos showing members of their respective species.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，但成分比较复杂。To explore the origins of social curiosity 是不定式短
语作目的状语，how human children between four and six years old from San Francisco’s Bay Area and adult
chimpanzees responded to certain videos showing members of their respective species.是宾语从句。
【翻译】为探究社会好奇心的起源，加州大学心理学家劳拉·刘易斯与团队对旧金山湾区四至六岁儿童及成
年黑猩猩进行了实验研究，观察其对同类成员视频的反应差异。
Passage2 阅读理解
（2026·河北省沧州市高三一模）
Humans are equally related to apes ( 猿类), common chimpanzees and bonobos ( 倭黑猩猩), sharing a
common ancestor that lived around 7 million years ago. Scientists are particularly interested in how chimpanzees
communicate with each other. Given that these are our closest relatives, research on chimpanzee communication
can be a window into the development of human language.
While both species make sounds, the calls aren’t classified as true referential communication because they
don’t appear to have unambiguous meanings. For example, the most easily recognized chimpanzee call, the “pant-
hoot”, first fully described by Jane Goodall, a celebrated British ethologist, can mean various things in different
contexts. It’s mostly just a way to get someone’s attention or express anger, threat, surprise, or delight. Context and
facial expressions are needed to clarify the meaning.
We’ve long known that apes are capable of sign language, but the more interesting question is whether apes
use gestural (手势的) communication naturally. In a study by Catherine Hobaiter, a primatologist of the University
of St Andrews and Richard Byrne, a cognitive evolution theorist of the University of Stirling, UK, reported over
4,000 instances of body language and identified 66 specific chimpanzee gestures that are used regularly in the wild.
Each of these had stable meanings in a given context and was understood by the receiver of the gesture.
Recently, Richard and her coworkers detected 68 clearly understood gestures in wild bonobos, and 66 in
common chimpanzees. 60 of these gestures overlap ( 重叠) between the two. That 88% of the gestures overlap
between chimpanzees and bonobos despite more than a million years of separate development is strong evidence
for some form of biological-genetic (生物遗传的) basis for the gestures themselves, not just the ability to make
them.
In fact, there are at least 24 known gestures that are used in all great apes, implying that the body language of
hominids has roots that are at least 12 million years old. For this reason, many scientists see gestures as the original
basis of human language.
5．What does the underlined word “unambiguous” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Complex.
B．Clear.
C．Special.
D．Positive.
6．What does Catherine and Richard’s study reveal about ape gestures?
A．They vary greatly between species.
B．They require facial expressions.
C．They communicate specific messages.
D．They develop stably with age.
7．What does the gesture overlap between species suggest?
A．Genetic foundation.
B．Shared habitats.
C．Cultural depth.
D．Environmental adaptation.
8．Why did researchers study chimpanzee communication?
A．To protect endangered ape species.
B．To develop animal training methods.
C．To compare different ape behaviors.
D．To explore human language origins.
【词汇积累】
1.particularly adv. 特别；尤其；异乎寻常地 2.referential adj. 指示的，有参考内容的，用作参考的
3.recognize vt. 认出；识别；承认 vi. 承认，确认 4.ethologist n. （个体）生态学研究者，行为研究者 5.
original adj. 最初的；独创的；原作的 n. 原件，原稿；独特的人 6.regularly adv. 有规律地；经常；均匀
地 7.context n. (想法、事件等的)背景；上下文 8.gesture n. 手势；姿态 v. 打手势
Passage 3 阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2.modern man averaging
1200-1400 cm2.We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power,more
must be better.
1
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge consumption of energy on the body.It’s not easy to carry around.It’s even
harder to provides energy.In modern man,the brain accounts for about 2-3％of total body weight but it consumes
25％of the body’s energy when the body is at rest,apes only 8 ％of rest-time energy.Early humans paid for their
large brains in two ways.First,they spent more time for food.Second,their muscles grew smaller and weaker.
2
A chimpanzee(黑猩猩)can’t win an argument with a modern man,but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
3
That way,it’s easier to find food or enemies.Besides.their arms are freed for other purposes,like
throwing stones or signaling.As a result,humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
4
The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked
on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to all uptight position was quite a challenge,especially when
the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and
painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.
5
But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for
a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million
years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant tear of meat-eating animals.
A．Unfortunately, that is not the case.
B．Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.
C．However, it results in certain growing pains.
D．Actually, further more needs to be found out and tested.
E．Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.
F．It’s hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.
G．It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.
Passage 4 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2026·广西邕衡教育
名校联盟联考）
In 1968, Ruth Davis and her husband Geza Teleki became Jane Goodall’s research assistants at Gombe
Stream, a remote chimpanzee reserve in Tanzania’s East African Rift, where Jane discovered that chimpanzees
made and used tools.
About thirty chimps regularly
1
their camp. Within weeks, Ruth had grown close to the chimps
and could identify most by sight. One day, she and Geza
2
several chimps to a rocky ridge. The chimps
settled in the trees, sharing pineapples Ruth had packed.
Suddenly, the earth shook. Dust rose and rocks slid down the slope. The chimps took
3
and
dropped to the ground. With their legs trembling, Ruth and Geza
4
gathered their equipment, leaning on
a rock for
5
. Then Geza saw Hugo, one of the biggest chimps, turn and
6
hard at Ruth. His hair
stood on end, making him seem to explode.
Unlike the other chimps, Hugo was scary and refused to
7
Geza or Ruth. He was
8
and
disliked being followed. Now he seemed to be considering his next
9
. Terrified, Geza shouted a warning
to Ruth. But it was too late — the hairy giant suddenly
10
her.
To Geza’s
11
, the chimp didn’t hurt her. He simply grabbed Ruth around the knees and
shoved her backward. Just then, the ground shook again. A giant tree uprooted itself and
12
exactly
where Ruth had been standing!
Shaken, Geza and Ruth hardly knew what to think. This most unlikely angel had made a
13
decision to act. He didn’t wait for
14
, simply turning around and walking away, satisfied that he had
15
his purpose.
1．A．attacked
B．decorated
C．departed
D．visited
2．A．followed
B．dragged
C．examined
D．pushed
3．A．control
B．notice
C．interest
D．part
4．A．instantly
B．gradually
C．casually
D．patiently
5．A．comfort
B．relief
C．balance
D．rest
6．A．frown
B．laugh
C．stare
D．nod
7．A．give way to
B．warm up to
C．get away from
D．take advantage of
8．A．quick-minded
B．strong-willed
C．thick-skinned
D．ill-tempered
9．A．move
B．aim
C．challenge
D．request
10．A．called to
B．rushed to
C．signaled to
D．turned to
11．A．amusement
B．sorrow
C．astonishment
D．satisfaction
12．A．grew
B．rose
C．sank
D．landed
13．A．kind
B．hard
C．foolish
D．reasonable
14．A．permission
B．appreciation
C．forgiveness
D．recognition
15．A．adjusted
B．sought
C．accomplished
D．supported
Passage 5 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Animals do have their own languages just as humans do. Scientists who study the evolution of language say
wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩) have a more complex communication system
1
past research has shown. The
researchers say the animals use over ten kinds of calls
2
can be combined into hundreds of different
orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees
3
(live) in Ivory Coast’s National Park. It’s one of the last important
4
(area) of old-growth tropical forest
in West Africa and home to a variety of plants and animals, Chimpanzees stay the closest to humans. They are
5
(intelligence) and sociable. Chimpanzees make and use tools and can
6
(teach) a small amount of
human sign language.
Scientists
7
(know) that chimpanzees use different calls in
8
wild since a long time ago. But
the new study helped people
9
(far)understand the animals’ communication. Cedric was the lead writer of
the study. He spoke of the chimpanzee calls, “It is not a language but it is among the most complex forms of
communication
10
(describe) in a nonhuman world.” It can be seen that the secrets of nature are still
waiting for human beings to explore.
