易错02 名词4 大易错点+3 大避坑点+闯关训练
目 录
第一部分 易错点剖析..........................................................................................................................1
易错典题
避错攻略
举一反三
易错01 名词的单复数规则变化................................................................................................1
易错02 名词的单复数不规则变化.........................................................................................................3
易错03 名词的格........................................................................................................................5
易错04 名词与其他词性之间的转化........................................................................................7
第二部分 易错点闯关..........................................................................................................................9
闯关01 词性转换 10
闯关02 单句填空 12
闯关03 语篇填空 16
易错01 名词的单复数规则变化
易错典题
【例1】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2025·新高考II 卷·语法填空）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the
absence of smog and plenty of blue sky
64
(afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
【错因分析】部分考生误认为afternoon 没有复数形式，造成填写错误。
上下文分析不充分：句子描述的是一种经常发生的现象，而非特指某一个下午。学生可能没有从整体语境
中推断出“afternoon”应表示复数含义，导致误用单数形式。
短语结构误解：误将“blue sky”视为不可数名词短语，而忽略了“afternoon”本身是可数名词，且受
“plenty of”修饰（后接复数可数名词）。
避错攻略
【方法总结】 遇到名词填空是，牢三步：是否为可数名词，是否表示特指，前后语法是否一致。
【干货必记】可数名词变复数的规则变化
场合
用法
示例
一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
mouth→mouths, house→houses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh 结尾
在词尾加-es
glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes
以辅音字母+-y 结尾
变y 为i 再加-es
country→countries, factory→factories
以元音字母+-y 结尾
在词尾直接加-s
holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys
以辅音字母+-o 结尾
直接加-es
hero→heroes, potato→potatoes
以元音字母+-o 结尾
直接加-s
zoo→zoos, zero→zeros
以元音字母+-o 结尾
特殊直接加-s
photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos
以-f,-fe 结尾
变f 或fe 为 -ves
wife→wilves, wolf→wolves
以-f,-fe 结尾
直接加-s
gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes
单复数同形
单复数同形
deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species
合成名词的复数
主体名词变复数
passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on
合成名词的复数
无名词最后加-s
grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens
举一反三
1.（2025·山东日照·一模）Chen has documented her life in Liuzhou through short __________ (video), capturing
both her personal growth and the city’s development.
2.（26-27 高三上·全国·课后作业）__________ (thief) broke into the offices and stole $150,000’s worth of
computer equipment.
3.（25-26 高三上·广东东莞·阶段练习）These __________ (strategy) will help you catch up with your classmates
in a shorter time.
易错02 名词的单复数不规则变化
易错典题
【例2】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）What (criterion) do you use when judging the quality of a student’s
work?
【错因分析】部分考生因为词汇匮乏导致不认识该词就想当然地直接加-s 变复数，造成错误。
知识网络构建误解：部分考生平时没有积累名词变为复数形式特殊形式造成知识漏洞。
避错攻略
【方法总结】 遇到名词填空是，牢三步：是否为可数名词，是否表示特指，前后语法是否一致。
【干货必记】可数名词变复数的不规则变化
变化
示例
单复数同形
deer 鹿, fish 鱼, sheep 绵阳, means 方法, series 系列, aircraft 飞机,
species 物种,works 工厂，作品
Chinese 中国人, Japanese 日本人, Swiss 瑞士人
变局部元音
goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, man-men, woman-women；mouse-mice
词尾-on 变-a
phenomenon-phenomena 现象，criterion-criteria 标准
词尾加-(r)en
child-children 孩子, ox-oxen 公牛
词尾-un 变成-a
datum-data 数据, medium-media 媒体
-sis 变为-ses
crisis-crises 危机, diagnosis-diagnoses 诊断, analysis-analyses 分析
举一反三
1.（2025 高三下·全国·专题练习）In recent decades, the world has faced various global (crisis), such
as financial problems and public health emergencies.
2.（2025·河北衡水·二模）Natural (phenomenon) such as earthquakes and volcanoes have fascinated
scientists for centuries.
3.（24-25 高二下·全国·课后作业） (arch) of McDonald’s are painted gold only to make them
beautiful.
4.（24-25 高二下·江苏无锡·期末）In the afternoon, the old man will sit in a cafe, read some papers and watch
__________(passer-by) outside.
易错03 名词的格
易错典题
【例3】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2021·浙江卷1 月·语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kilograms by the
square of their height in meters.
【错因分析】部分考生因为没有弄清题目要求误填形容词personal，表示“个人的，私人的”。
避错攻略
【干货必记】
一、-’s 所有格的用法
1.主要表示有生命的人或物的所有关系，一般是名词词尾加-'s。John's home 约翰的家;
2.表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s 在理发店
3.以-s 或-es 结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-’。students’ textbooks 学生们的课本;
4.词尾不带-(e)s 的复数名词,仍加-’s。children’s game 孩子们的游戏。
5.用and 连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s
或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s 或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
二、of 所有格的用法
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of 所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of
所有格。
the content of the novel 小说的内容
the name of the girl over there 那边那位女孩的名字
the window of the room 房间的窗户
the cost of living 生活成本
the news of success 捷报
the window of the room 房间的窗户
三、双重所有格的用法
指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名
词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用the。
a picture of my mother's 我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;
this little cat of your sister's 你妹妹的这只小猫
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
易错提醒
’s 所有格my mother’s friend 强调我母亲和这个朋友的关系，不涉及其他人。双重所有格a friend of my
mother’s 指我母亲还有其他朋友。如：a picture of Jack’s 指杰克所拥有的照片中的一张；而a picture of
Jack 指一张杰克的照片，照片上的人就是杰克。
举一反三
1．After two __________ (day) hard work, they succeeded in completing the project.
2．The __________ (president) attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
3．You’ll hear these __________ (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what
traps they encountered that you should avoid.
4．There are many students living at school, the__________ (child) houses are all far from school．
易错04 名词与其他词性之间的转化
易错典题
【例4】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2025 全国一卷·语法填空）“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent
into your trap and force them to follow your 59 (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player
among the visitors to the exhibition.
【干货必记】名词后缀
1. 动词转化为名词的后缀
后缀
示例
-ion
-tion
-sion
correct→correction 改正 celebrate→celebration 庆祝
conclude→conclusion 结论；结束 discuss→discussion 讨论；论述
decide→decision 决定 admit→admission 承认；准许加入
permit→permission 允许，许可 invite→invitation 邀请
explain→explanation 解释 expect→expectation 期望
-er
-or
sail→sailor 海员，水手 drive→driver 司机；驾驶员
gather→gatherer 收集者，采集者 teach→teacher 老师
announce→announcer 广播员 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
-ment
punish→punishment 惩罚 achieve→achievement 成就
argue→argument 辩论；论据 treat→treatment 对待；治疗
equip →equipment 装备；设备 govern→government 政府
-ance
-ence
appear→appearance 出现；外貌 guide→guidance 指引；指导
perform→performance 表演；表现 exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱 refer→reference 参考，查阅
-ure
-ture
fail→failure 失败；倒闭 press→pressure 压力
depart→departure 离开；出发 mix→mixture 混合(物)
-ing
hear→hearing 听力，听觉 begin→beginning 开始
-y
recover→recovery 恢复 discover→discovery 发现
2. 形容词转化为名词的后缀
后缀
示例
-age
short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
-cy
efficient→efficiency 效率 fluent→fluency 流利
accurate→accuracy 准确性 private→privacy 隐私
-dom
free→freedom 自由 wise→wisdom 明
智；智慧
-ence
different→difference 差异 evident →evidence 证据
-ness
weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness 厚度
kind→kindness 仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness 粗心大
意
-th
strong→strength 力气；优势 warm→warmth 温暖；热情
-y
-ty
safe→safety
安
全
disable→disability 缺陷；伤残
responsible→responsibility 责任 honest→honesty 诚实
3. 名词转化为形容词的后缀
后缀
示例
-y
fog→foggy 有雾的
guilt →guilty 内疚的
-ed
balance→balanced 平衡的
gift →gifted 有天赋的
-ful
meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
-less
fear→ fearless 怕的 home→homeless 无家可归
的
-ble
change →changeable 易变的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
-ous
courage→courageous 勇敢的
mystery →mysterious 神秘的
-al
addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
-ly
love→lovely 可爱的
month →monthly 每月的
-en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold →golden 金子般的
-ic
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
strategy→strategic 战略的
-cial
benefit →beneficial有益处的 face→ facial 面部的
举一反三
1.（25-26 高三上·河北衡水·期中）By contrast, the largest animal species so far found on our planet is the blue
whale, which can grow up to almost 30 meters in (long).
2.（25-26 高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）Within the ant colony, the complex (divide) of labor, which
comes from a natural drive, guides all tasks from searching for food to caring for the young.
3.（26-27 高三上·全国·课后作业）The researchers reported that long-term (expose) to air pollution
can affect a person’s mental abilities.
4.（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Now he must make it a (prior) to fix the deeply broken system.
闯关一、给出下列单词的名词形式。
1. solve vt. 解决 --solution n. 解决办法
2. improve vt. 改进 --improvement n. 改进
3. compete vi. 竞争 --competition n. 竞争
4. describe vt. 描述 --description n. 描述
5. discuss vt. 讨论 --discussion n. 讨论
6. explain vt. 解释 --explanation n. 解释
7. inform vt. 通知 --information n. 信息
8. invite vt. 邀请 --invitation n. 邀请
9. receive vt. 接收 --reception n. 接待
10. reduce vt. 减少 --reduction n. 减少
11. represent vt. 代表 --representation n. 代表
12. curious adj. 好奇的 --curiosity n. 好奇心
13. diverse adj. 多样的 --diversity n. 多样性
14. equal adj. 平等的 --equality n. 平等
15. argue vi. 争论 --argument n. 争论
16. apply vt. 申请 --application n. 申请
17. approve vt. 批准 --approval n. 批准
18. assist vt. 协助 --assistance n. 协助
19. assume vt. 假定 --assumption n. 假定
20. avoid vt. 避免 --avoidance n. 避免
21. believe vt. 相信 --belief n. 信念
22. combine vt. 结合 --combination n. 结合
23. compare vt. 比较 --comparison n. 比较
24. conclude vt. 得出结论 --conclusion n. 结论
25. confuse vt. 使困惑 --confusion n. 困惑
26. criticize vt. 批评 --criticism n. 批评
27. depend vi. 依赖 --dependence n. 依赖
28. disturb vt. 打扰 --disturbance n. 打扰
29. divide vt. 划分 --division n. 划分
30. enter vt. 进入 --entry n. 进入；条目
31. exist vi. 存在 --existence n. 存在
32. generous adj. 慷慨的 --generosity n. 慷慨
33. honest adj. 诚实的 --honesty n. 诚实
34. mature adj. 成熟的 --maturity n. 成熟
35. poor adj. 贫穷的 --poverty n. 贫穷
36. reliable adj. 可靠的 --reliability n. 可靠性
37. shy adj. 害羞的 --shyness n. 害羞
38. sincere adj. 真诚的 --sincerity n. 真诚
39. strong adj. 强壮的 --strength n. 力量
40. wise adj. 明智的 --wisdom n. 智慧
闯关二、在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025 年浙江首考·语法填空）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them
outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
2.(2021 年新高考II 卷·语法填空）A company __________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was
switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
3.（26-27 高三上·全国·课后作业）When you save money on these (purchase), each discount only happens
once.
4.（2025·河北衡水·三模）These health (advocate) encourage people to exercise regularly and eat a
balanced diet.
5.（24-25 高三下·全国·课后作业）And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 (submit).
6.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）He is beyond (recognize) now, because I only saw him in the
boyhood.
7.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）He finally gained (enter) to the hotel by giving some money to the
doorman.
8.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）In reality, the research shows that computer games may cause __________
(aggressive).
9.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong).
10.（25-26 高三上·全国·课后作业）The (destroy) of such species could prevent researchers from
finding cures for certain diseases.
11.（24-25 高二上·全国·课后作业）Moreover, lacquer (漆) has strong (resist) to acid and alkali (碱)
materials. Hence, it won’t become rotten over the years.
12.（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）“I really want to make this work for (people) lives today, and I know
that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
13.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low
upset (tolerate) are much more likely to get angry.
14.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）Although my father doesn’t say a lot in daily life, he gives me much love
and__________ (affect).
15.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）He stood on the pavement, memorizing the (register) number.
16.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）The specialist has decided on walking 2,000 steps a day in (respond)
to the challenge of her friend.
17.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）There is no sense of (urge) to do my schoolwork immediately.
18.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）It’s clear that we made a careful (analyse) of the sales figures of
the shop.
19.（26-27 高三上·全国·课后作业）The polluted river is the living (prove) of the environmental pollution
caused by the chemical factory.
20.（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）I hold the firm (believe) that higher education can make your
life better.
闯关三、在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【原创】On Novembet 14, the Shenzhou-20 taikonaut crew--Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie--
successfully landed at the Dongfeng Landing Site aboard the Shenzhou-21 spaceship, marking a safe end to their
204-day orbital mission. Their return, 1 (origin) scheduled for Novembe 5, was delayed by nine 2
(day) due to a minor crack in Shenzhou-20’s porthole (舷窗) caused by space debris (片) impact.
This unprecedented (史无前例的) 3 (emergent) triggered China's well-designed "one main and one
backup" space rescue plan. Instead of risking a return on the damaged spacectaft, the crew transferred to Shenzhou-21.
This marks the first time in China's manned space histoty that another 4 (operation) spaceship has
carried a different taikonaut crew back to Earth. While waiting for the rescheduled return, the trio continued 5
(science) experiments with the Shenzhou-21 crew, adding 6 (value) data to their research.
During their record-breaking orbital stay, the Shenzhou-20 team completed four extravehicular (舱外的) 7
(activity), seven cargo transfer tasks, and a series of cutting-edge 8 (experiment) in space life sciences
and materials science.
The smooth emergency return fully demonstrated the 9 (reliable) of China's manned space engineering
system. As the taikonauts were confirmed in good health after landing, this mission proved that China's space program
has successfully passed the test, which delivers an excellent answer to the nation's 10 (expect).
（2025·云南·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Increase your productivity. This is 1 AI tools attract its users. However, despite hopes that the technology
will improve the 2 (efficient) of work, not everyone is on board.
According to BBC, 59 percent of men aged 18 to 65 around the world use generative AI at least once a week,
compared 3 51 percent of women. The gender gap is even 4 (wide) among younger people; 71
percent of men and 59 percent of women aged 18 to 24 use generative AI weekly. Why are women less open to AI
than men?
According to AI expert Jodie Cook, this gap reflects the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields (science,
technology, engineering and mathematics). “For ages, STEM fields 5 (lead) by males. The current pattern in
the use of AI tools appears 6 (mirror) this difference,” Cook told the BBC．
Certain patterns in female thinking might also play 7 role. In a survey of 486 students, 8
(divide) by academic performance, researchers found that high-performing female students were more likely to use
ChatGPT only when it had been allowed by their professor. “It’s the idea that I have to do it on my own without 9
(take) shortcuts,” Cook explained.
For some experts, women’s reluctance (不情愿) to use AI is troubling, as it could lead to technology being
designed more for men. Others, however, are less alarmed, pointing out that AI may right now act more as a “digital
toy”, and women may 10 (simple) be better at avoiding distractions.
