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上海中考新题型深度解析⑦|多模态阅读怎么做?图+文混读——用上海初中头牌华育中学这篇拆给你看

上海中考新题型深度解析⑦|多模态阅读怎么做?图+文混读——用上海初中头牌华育中学这篇拆给你看

(完整试卷在最后)

上一篇我们拆了信息匹配题(6 选 5),那是多模态阅读的"入门款"——两栏纯文字配对。但华育中学这份九年级练习卷里的 B 篇阅读,才是多模态阅读的"完全体":一篇文章里同时塞了文字、原理示意图、统计折线图三种信息。很多孩子这种题丢分,不是单词不认识,是根本没把图当信息读。今天就用《Heat Domes: Invisible Traps of Extreme Heat》这篇,把图文混读的拆法讲透。

【真题原文(节选)】

Heat Domes: Invisible Traps of Extreme Heat

Have you ever wondered why some areas experience unusually high temperatures for several days or even weeks? One possible reason is a weather phenomenon called a heat dome. A heat dome occurs when a large area of high pressure remains over a region for an extended period of time. Like an invisible cover above the Earth, it prevents hot air from escaping and causes temperatures near the ground to rise quickly.

(配图一:Heat Dome 原理示意图——高压区悬在一个地方不动,热空气被困住、把整个区域捂热,图注写着"The high pressure acts like a lid and keeps the heat in.")

Why Are Heat Domes Becoming More Common?

Scientists believe climate change may make heat domes stronger and more common. Warmer oceans and air can change global weather patterns. This leads to more extreme heat events around the world.

(配图二:1880 到 1980 年后的全球温度变化折线图——曲线整体一路向上,近年明显抬升)

Protecting Ourselves from Extreme Heat

When a heat dome arrives, people should take precautions to protect their health. Drinking enough water, staying indoors during the hottest parts of the day and avoiding intense physical activities are effective ways to reduce the danger. In some cases, visiting air-conditioned public places can also help people stay safe.

Heat domes remind us that weather systems can have a powerful impact on our daily lives. By learning about these events, we can better prepare for future change and protect both ourselves and the environment.

【逐题拆解】

47 题 → B。 问作者为什么把 heat dome 比作"an invisible cover(看不见的盖子)"。答案就在示意图里:图上画得清清楚楚——高压区像一个 lid(盖子)扣在区域上方,热空气出不去。选项 B"Because it keeps hot air from moving away"和图注"The high pressure acts like a lid and keeps the heat in"几乎同义。这种题是送分题:图直接把答案画给你了,不看字都能选。

48 题 → A。 phenomenon 猜词义。定位到第一段"a weather phenomenon called a heat dome"——heat dome 是一种天气现象。四个选项里只有 A"A natural event that can be observed(一种能被观察到的自然事件)"对应"现象"。技巧:猜词题别查词典,看这个词后面举的例子(heat dome 就是个天气事件),例子就是词义解释。

49 题 → C。 为什么热穹顶在夜间尤其危险?回到原理:盖子扣着,白天晒进去的热晚上也散不出去——别人夏天晚上能靠降温缓口气,热穹顶下的夜晚照样闷热,身体整晚没法散热。选项 C"Because the body cannot cool down"直接对应。这题考的是你把"盖子"原理套到"夜间"这个新场景上,本质还是那张示意图。

50 题 → B。 从第三段能推断出什么?第三段就一句结论:climate change may make heat domes stronger and more common——气候变暖让热穹顶更多更强。选项 B"Climate change may influence the development of heat domes"是原文的同义改写。干扰项 A 过度了(原文只说 may,没说"已经是全球严重问题"),C 把 may 说成完成时"completely explained",D 完全无据。推断题的铁律:只能比原文保守半步,不能比原文跳一步。

51 题 → C。 选最佳标题。文章三段:热穹顶是什么(causes/原理)→ 为什么变多(effects)→ 怎么防护(safety tips)。选项 C"Heat Domes: Causes, Effects, and Safety Tips"三段全覆盖。这种标题题用"三段各取一个关键词"的方法,对不上就排除。

【规律:图文混读考的是三件事】

一、示意图不是装饰,是第二原文。 47 题那种题,示意图的图注(lid、trapped、keeps the heat in)就是出题人留给你的答题钥匙。读文章前先扫图,把图里的关键词圈出来,答题时图和文字互相印证。

二、统计折线图是"证据",用来支撑段落论点。 这篇的折线图出现在"为什么热穹顶变多"那一段旁边——它的作用是给"climate change makes them more common"这个论点配图作证。图表题常问"作者为什么放这张图",答案永远是:证明旁边那段话。

三、词义猜测和推断题,回原文+保守一步。 phenomenon 看后文例子;推断题比原文多走半步就够,凡是出现 completely、already、must 这种绝对化词的选项,先怀疑。

图文混读 10 分,本质上考的是"文字 + 图表两套信息能不能一起用"的能力。图不是干扰,是送分——前提是你肯停下来读它。

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