中考新题型翻译练习本_2026秋初中教辅合集_2027《上海华育中学•中考英语新题型训练》（英语）

上海中考英语新题型
翻译练习本
华育初中英语新题型翻译目录
学生版
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列01:连词翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯1
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列02:定语从语翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯7
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列03: it句型翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯14
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列04:被动语态翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯20
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列05:局部翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯29
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列06:整句翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯36
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列07:否定转移&语篇翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯44
答案解析
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列01:连词翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯60
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列02:定语从语翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯64
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列03:it句型翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯75
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列04:被动语态翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯86
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列05:局部翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯107
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列06:整句翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯112
上海华育中考英语新题型翻译系列07:否定转移&语篇翻译⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯119
张叫
2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列01:连词的翻译
(学生版)
and:和、与
1.Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends.
__。(不可省)
2.Young people and older people do not always agree.They sometimes have different ideas about living.
working and playing.
__________。
3The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.
4He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.
SHowever,they worry about their schoolwork and can't fall asleep quickly.
6.他不开心，不知道如何处理这件事。
注：解题策略
英语中连词用得多，汉语中连词用得少。英译汉时，有些连词可以省译。汉译英，要适当增加连
Though it isn't like a table, I like it very much.
虽然那个梦想没有实现，但是现在他成功了。
词，成文连贯。
虽然它看起来不像张桌子，但是我很喜欢它。(成对使用)
注：解题策略
英语中“though”、“but"7 "because”、“so”只能用其中之一，但汉语中“虽然⋯⋯但是”、“因为⋯⋯
所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。
第1页，共143页
翻译专练1
1.这个男孩实现了自己买一辆新车的梦想。
The boy_
______to buy a new car
2.在学校我们不得不穿校服。
We
wear the school unifom at school.
3.两本书随便那一本都受到同学们的欢迎。
 is popular with the students.
5.我们班上不少同学喜欢英语，但是把英语说的很流利的人很少。
In our class,
students like English, but______ of them can speak English
smoothly.
6.为了开会不迟到，我妹妹强迫自己早早起床。
_____________be late for the meeting.my sister forced herself to get up early
7篮子里苹果的数量是40。
the apples in the basket is 40.
8.大量的游客已经去过龙潭国家森林公园。
tourist
Longtan National Forest Park.
9.这部电影如此有趣，以至于我们都喜欢它。
This is such
all ofus love it.
10.好像所有的学生对王老师的课很感兴趣。
all the students are interested in Mr.Wang's class.
11.我想知道 20年后的生活是什么样的。
I wonder
in twenty years.
12.汤姆太小，不能去上学。
Tom is
___he can't go to school.
13.在这场比赛中，中国队战胜了日本队。
The Chinese team
_the Japanese team in the game.
14.我们队在那场网球比赛中赢了。
Our team__
_in the tennis_________.
15.他给我提供了一份工作，但是我没有接受。
He
—_____ _ _ __
,but I didn't accept it.
16.我将制定计划帮助我同桌提高数学成绩。
I will
my desk-mate improve his math.
17.对于我们来说，在网上暴露过多的个人信息是很危险的。
It's dangerous for us to expose too much
on the Internet.
18.柳州以螺蛳粉而出名。
4.疫情不仅对中国是一个挑战，对外国也是。
The pandemic is.
not only to China but also to the world.
第2页，共143页
Liuzhou
_____its river sails rice noodles.
19旦许诺，你就应该遵守承诺。
Once you_
_________,you should keep it.
20.那对夫妻到达车站太晚了没有赶上火车。
The couple arrived at the train station
__________catch the train.
21.他跟他的父亲有很多相同之处。
He has a lot____
his father.
22.你应该在新年初始下决心。
You should_____
at the beginning of the new year.
26.这是我第一次来北京。
_____ —____ _______
Ihave been to Beijing.
27.很多觉醒都是和自我提升有关的。
Many resolution
self-improvement
31.你只要跟人聊卵这个问题就已经解决了问题的一半!
You are
a problemjust talking to someone.
32.学生们正忙着准备英语考试。
The students_
for the English text.
33.Linda 太累了，只到早上九点钟她醒。
Linda was so tired that she
___ __
9:00 am.
34.我经常受到我们父母的来信。
I often__________
my parents.
35.我希望你能接受我的邀请来参加野餐。
Ihope you can________________ and join me in the picnic.
36.班主任答复了我们的问题。
The headteacher_______
_our questions.
23.我们相信他将来会成功的。
24.我不得不说琳达不同意她姐姐的话。
28.这儿的书都是免费的。
29.没有你的帮助，我不可能完成我的家庭作业。
We believe her to
I have to say Linda
All the books here______
I can't finish my homework
in the future.
her sister.
____ _____.
25.我们必须查明事情的真相。
We must_
of the matter.
30.我们都期待署假的到来。
We are all_
the summer vacation.
第3页，共143页
37.你要是不快点，就会错过班车。
You will_
__unless you_ ____
38.我们在解决这个数学难题上没有困难。
We have.
the difficult math problem.
39.很多年轻人习惯了有微信或者支付宝支付。
Many young people
with Wechat ot Alipay.
40.我是新来的没有什么朋友，所有我总是感觉很孤独。
I have few friends since I'm new here,so I
41.我们无法想象没有水的生活。
We can't image________ _________ ___
42.当我步行回家的时候遇到了暴风雨。
The rainstorm came when I was______ ________.
43.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。
—__
kids learn to be independent,_________it is for their future.
44.昨天我发现我的妈妈在翻阅我的日记本。
I found my mother _______my dairy yesterday.
45.希望所有的事情都会解决。
Hope all things.
46.老师们总是被比喻成园丁。
Teachers are often
gardeners.
47.如果你不能去参加会议，我将代替你去。
Ifyou can't attend the meeting.I.
— ___.
48.你不被允许在森林里面玩火。
You____ _
with fire in the forest.
49.在晚年生活中，老人们需要依靠自己的子女。
Old people will
their sons and daughters in their later life.
50.我们已经帮助贫穷家庭筹集了很多钱。
We has helped to
__ __
for the poor family.
51.我尝试戒烟已经有两年了。
I_
to
smoking for two year.
52.感谢你的善良，你真的帮了我很多。
Thank you
,you really help me a lot.
53.下雨天让我很放松，我喜欢下雨的时候喝茶。
Rainy days make me relaxed. I love
___while it________ ______.
54.黑暗中他头撞在了一颗树上。
His head________a tree in the dark
55.这张旧照片令我想起来我的孩童时期。
第4页，共143页
The old photo_
my childhood.
56.我父母已经结婚快二十年了。
My parents__________
about twenty years.
57.近年来物价一直在上涨。
The price___
_________recently years.
59.解决这个数学题有多重方法。
There are many ways_
_____ _the problem.
61.他用围巾来保护嗓子不受晚上焊缝的伤害。
His throat_
by a scarf from the cold wind at night.
62.我确信他能成功的完成这项工作。
I am sure he will
-—_
63.登山是世界上最危险的运用之一。
One of_
______in world______mountain climbing
64.成功最终是属于努力工作的人。
Success.
hard-working people in the end.
65.微信支付很受欢迎，并且它被引进到其他国家。
WeChat Pay
and it is.
__other country.
66.我有必要告诉你每晚认真写作业的重要性。
There is necessary for me to tell you__ __
_doing homework every night.
67.如果你的周围的人有困难。我们应该主动去帮助他们。
Ifthe people around you are in trouble,you should.
68.他的祖父已经在这个城市待了20天了。
His grandparents________
_the city for about twenty days.
69.我们数学老师总是鼓励我们自己解决问题。
Our math teacher always_______
___solve problems by ourselves.
70.是真是假，我无法判断。
Whether it is true or not _______
71.她认为这书很值得一读。
She_____ _____the book is well________ ______
72.我们不该冒险去森林，很危险。
You shouldn't.
to the forest,it's dangerous.
73.2022年的冬季奥运会将在中国北京举行。
The 2022 Winter Olympic Games_
__
in Beijing,China.
58.半夜里他听到一中奇怪的声音。
60.中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
At midnight he hear.
China has_
in the world.
第5页，共143页
74.在古代，人们有时候通过鸟类传送信件。
In ancient times.people_______________.
sometimes.
75.现在很多人都用电脑工作。
Now many people________
the computer.
76.这个小女孩用铅笔画画。
The little girl draws pictures.
77.这位演员演得很好。
The actor________ _a fine ____.
The morning paper____
ofthe stormy weather.
79.你的将来取决于你现在的行动。
You future____ __
you action now.
80.我不知道他们如果处理这个问题。
I don't know what they____________the problem
78.晨报提醒我们注意风暴风雨天气。
第6页，共143页
2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列02:定语从句翻译
学生版
定语从句的翻译
Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers.
对于较短的定语从句，英译汉时，可译成带“的”的前置定语，可把复合句译成简单句。
He was very thankful to the land where he grew up.
———_-。
解题策略2:
对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句，在英译汉时，可将其后置，将整个句子结构译成并列句，并重
复先行词。
He refused to give up the goal which is very clear.
—____。
解题策略1:
I met an old man who asked me to pay attention to health.
They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives.
定语从句改写和翻译练习
例题讲解
Ilove the girl.
The girl has long hair.
①找出两个简单句的共有成分：______
↓
②确定主从句：主句_________
从句_ _______.
↓
③将从句中的共有成分去掉：
↓
④用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后.
第7页，共143页
小试牛刀
一、将2句话改写成一句定语从句。
1.The man is our headmaster.
You shook hands with the man just now.
→_
2.I saw a boy and his dog.
The boy and his dog were walking in the park.
→
3.Many trees were cut down.
They were used to make into paper and furniture.
一.
4.The school is very nice.
We are studying in this school.
5.The animal is endangered.
We should protect the animal.
6.The environment has changed greatly.
Many wild animals are living in the environment.
一
二、翻译以下句子：
1.
2._
住在隔壁的人是牙医。
这是我买自行车的商店。
3._
北京是中国的首都，大家都知道它。
4.______________——____
第8页，共143页
那本封面很漂亮的书是莉莉的。
5._
我们永远不会忘记那些为我们的国家而牺牲生命的人。
6._
7._
8._
我喜欢那些我可以一起跟着唱的歌。
9._
我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那天。
他就是和我讨论过这件事的人。
___
他们谈论他们记得的事情和人。
三、培优练习
1.一个人说话和做事的方式能反映出这个人的性格。(way)(汉译英)
3.那个父母都来自法国的女孩能说一口流利的中文，对亚洲美食也如数家珍。(whose)(汉
译英)
4.生活不是马拉松，而是一段旅程。在旅途中，我们欣赏美景，结交朋友。(where)(汉译英)
5丰富的课外活动是建平中学的特色，这为学生提供了丰富的学习体验，也满足了他们的个
性化需求。(featurev.)(汉译英)
6.这个家庭主妇选了一些冷冻食品，其中三分之一贴着可回收包装的标签。(a third of
which)(汉译英)
2.不同国家的人对时间的态度不同，这在一定程度上反应出了文化的差异。(which)(汉译英)
第9页，共143页
7我第一次来到这样的城市，在这里传统市场与现代摩天大楼的结合创造出独特的城市景观。
(mix)(汉译英)
__—
8.在昨天会议上发表的演讲中，我代表我的团队表达了深深的遗憾，并对我们所犯的错误进
行了反思。(reflect)(汉译英)
9.毫无疑问，那些经历过艰难困苦的人更明白生命的重要意义。(doubt)(汉译英)
10孩子们不禁钦佩这位科学家，他为保护环境做出了巨大贡献。(contribute)(汉译英)
11.为何人们都反对这个对环保有积极影响的举措?(object)C汉译英)
12.他在讲座中提到的那个想法将有助于我们更好理解人工智能。(contribute)(汉译英)
翻译专练
1.我们英语老师建议每天都讲英语。
2.这些军人毕生致力于保卫这个岛，我家乡的所有人都为他们感到骄傲。
3.你应该避免在五一外出游览。
4.交通事故发生在六点钟。
5.中国人无疑是最懂茶内涵的人。
6.许多学校仍然关闭着来阻止病毒的传播。
第10页，共143页
“
7.我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没有及格。
8.这个小孩子已经学会了应付各种困难。
9.一天的辛苦工作，她总是感到困倦。
10.我不知道你在说什么。
11.中国是第三把人送到太空上的国家。
12.许多人不喜欢下雨天，因为雨天让人忧伤。
13.当人们听到科比车祸的消息都完全震惊了。
14.由于新冠肺炎的影响，老师们决定工作日在线上教英语。
15京剧作为中国文化的重要一部分有 200 多年的历史。
Beijing Opera,_ _
_____Chinese culture,
______of over 200 years.
16.所有的医生和护士都没有放弃救治这个年轻人。
All the doctors and nurses didn't____
___the young man.
17.在新中国成立以后，人们过上了幸福的生活。
After New China______ ______people lived a happy life.
18.先如今共享单车变得越来越流行。
Nowadays, shared car are becoming__________ ___
19.任何有发烧症状的人必须尽快与其他人彻底隔离。
Any one who has a fever_
others as soon as possible.
20.一个人书读得越多，就会变得越聪明。
21.现在有很多动物都处于危险境地，我们需要保护他们。
22.无论过去发生过什么,我希望她知道我是支持她的。
第11页，共143页
23.在疫情面前没有什么比人们的健康和安全更重要。
24.我看他并不是有意使你为难。
25.他的歌声如此优美，以致于在全国各地粉丝众多。
26.这道菜可以提前一天准备好，然后放到冰箱里。
27.现在.大多数学生都可以上高中去接受更好的教育。
28.似乎对于来说真相会比谎言更安全。
29.让我失望的是，这个新电影如此无聊
____ ______the new movie is so boring.
30.汽车很快就可以通过5G网络互相对话，让司机意识到前方的危险。
Cars could soon communicate with___ ______using 5G to make drivers
aware of upcoming dangers.
31.如果一切进展顺利，这个工程需要两天完成。
It'll take about two days to finish the prcject if_____ ______ ________.
32.别总指望别人。没人有义务帮你。
Don't always_____________others.Nobody has the duty to help you.
33.妹妹总是把整个周末都用来闲逛商店。
My sister always spends the whole weekend_____________ _in the shopping malls.
34.在公共场合保持适当的距离可以避免感染病毒。
Keep proper distance in public places can
____ _
35.这些抗疫展示真的深深的触动了我。
Those virus fighter
____
36.只要我们努力我们的中国梦将一定会实现。
第12页，共143页
5神
Our Chinese Dream_
as long as we all work hard.
37.两天的时间是不够完成这项任务的。
38.你应该想办法解决自己的问题。
39.学好英语，以便我们能够与世界分享中国故事。
40.在大多数国家，人们通常在特殊的节日吃传统食物。
41他妈妈每天早晨六点去上班。(go)
42.同学们正在为升学考试做准备。(prepare)
43.我们应该减少花在手机上的时间。(cut)
44.你介意关掉电视吗?我得打个电话。(turn)
45对我们来说照顾好自己是非常重要的。(look)
第13页，共143页
2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列03:it句型翻译
学生版
解题策略：
引导词计做形式主语、形式宾语时，本身没有独立意义，可以省译。
一、强调句型
结构为"It is was+被强调部分+ that who从句",用于突出句子中的特定成分。
例如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the bal1.(强调地点状语)
It was not until she took off her glasses that I recognized her.(not.until的强调形式)
二、形式主语宾语
形式主语：替代不定式或从句，常见结构包括：
It is+adj.(+for of sb.)-to do(如：It's necessary to study hard)
It takes sb+时间+to do(如：It took me 2 hours to finish)
It is+过去分词 +that从句(如：It is reported that...)
形式宾语：动词后接i替代复杂宾语，如：
I find it difficult to understand this concept.
She made it clear that she disagreed.
三、固定搭配
时间相关：
It ishas been+时间+since从句(如：Its 3 years since we met.)
It is (high) time+ 虚拟语气(如：It's time we left.)
情感评价：
It is a shame/pity tha...(可能接虚拟语气)
It is no use good doing(如：It's no use crying)
四、特殊结构
it+不及物动词+that从句(如：It seems that...)
疑问词+ it matters(如：Where you start doesnt matter)
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注意区分强调句与时间状语从句：当it指代时间且后接when时，非强调句型(如：It was
6 o'clock when⋯)
熟记it句型
it做形式主语
It be+adj(for sb)to do sth.
It be+(a/an)+n(for sb.)to do sth.
It takes sb(some time) to do sth.
It strikes sb.that...
it做形式宾语
I find think it+adj to do sth.
基础练习
1.记住所有的面孔和名字是很困难的。
2.我认为他们很难理解你的笑话。
3.志愿者们花了一下午的时间打扫公园。
4.边喝咖啡非边欣赏落叶十分惬意!(It)(汉译英)
5.中秋节品月饼，赏月在中国是很常见的事。(typical)(汉译英)
6她这个人就是爱忘事。(typical)(汉译英)
7.你难道不认为反省自己的错误很重要吗?(reflect)(汉译英)
8.
_____(青少年往往会顶撞父母 typical) but deep down, they have a
deep affection for their parents.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
9.今天下午他似乎和医生有约。(it, appointment)(汉译英)
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10.她总爱别人说话时插嘴。(typical)(汉译英)
培优练习
1.王教授花了多久学这几门外语?(take)(汉译英)
2.正是悠久的历史和浓厚的学术氛围使得这座大学成为游客必到之处。(IX汉译英)
3.想到有一个危险的野生动物还在安静的乡下流窜就令人不安。(It)(汉译英)
4那个资深的导演斥资10个亿花了近十年的时间才把那本经典小说改编成了电影。(take)(汉
译英)
5.原来.那本科幻小说是我高中时期的一位室友写的。(turn out)(汉译英)
6结果证明他写的第一本科幻小说非常成功。(turn)(汉译英)
7兴趣是创造力的基石，维护孩子真正的兴趣至关重要。(s0)(汉译英)
8.处处洋溢着圣诞气氛，这是个用精心制作的贺卡向朋友致以感谢的好时机。(occasion)(汉
译英)
9结果这个新近开发的旅游景点很受欢迎。(turn out)(汉译英)
10结果，吉姆的作文因为其创造力与想象力得到了表扬。(tun)(汉译英)
11.我喜欢罗马这座古城，它给我提供了很多令人着迷的景点和杰作，让我难以移开我的视
线。(which)(汉译英)
12.我觉得有必要把教室里的破窗户换成新的。(replace)(汉译英)
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13.尽管在春节燃放烟花是人们的习俗，但是为了保持空气质量良好，我们最好放弃这种习
俗。(Although)(汉译英)
14.值得一提的是，这位富有想象力的作家在空难中幸存下来。(survive)(汉译英)
15据他所说，这款新研发的药物是否能有效地缓解疼痛还有待证实。(judge)(汉译英)
16就在我要提交报告的时候，我突然意识到已经错过了截止日期。(strike)(汉译英)
17.究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性?(motivate)(汉译英)
18.众所周知健康与体育锻炼是密切相关的。(knowledge, relate)(汉译英)
翻译专练
1.她亲切的笑容使每个客人都感觉宾至如归。
Her genial smile made every guest______.
2.我们特地去帮助这些贫穷的孩子。
We____________to help the poor children.
4.你们在美国应该握手。
You_
shake hands in the USA.
5.请告诉我厕所在哪里好吗?
_tell me where the restroom is?
6.许多年轻人总是梦想成为有名的篮球运动员。
Many young people always___________becoming famous basketball players.
7.这首歌不仅在韩国而且在世界其他地方也流行。
The song is popular_____________in Korea______________in other parts of
the world
8.我们愿意保护濒临灭绝的野生动物。
We're willing to__________
wild animals.
9.他父亲对他所做的事情感到自豪。
3.我们的老师让我们自己做决定。
Our teachers ask us to_
第17页，共143页
His father_
great_ _____________in what he has done.
10.省下来的钱可以用于更有意义的事业。
The money saved could_
____ _more deserving causes.
11.我们被分成四组做实验。
We are_____
four groups to do the experiment.
12.抱歉，我错拿了你的包。
Sorry, I took your bag_ ___________.
13.让我们尽最大的努力来帮助贫困地区的孩子们。
Let's__________the children in poor areas
14.学习方面老师对我们要求严格。
Our teachers are_ ___
__us in study.
15.2011年以来，这个地区发生了很大的变化。
Great changes have_ ________in this area since 2011.
16.好的成绩取决于你是否努力学习。
Good grades_ ____________whether you are hard-working at your lessons.
17.上星期六，汤姆和玛丽都没有和我们一起去看电影。
____ _Tom________Mary went to see the film with us last Saturday.
18.我们不应该在公共场所大声喧哗。
We shouldn't speak loudly_______.
19.令他惊奇的是，他妈妈的电话改变了他的生活。
,his mother's phone call changed his life.
20.我更喜欢歌词很棒的音乐。
I_
_music that_
_great lyrics.
21.外面太热。我宁愿待在家里，也不愿去钓鱼。
It's too hot outside. I would_
stay at home_______go fishing.
22.他们到的时候，我们已为时装表演做好了准备。
________they arrived, we had prepared for the fashion show.
23.丹尼尔过去常常在两餐之间吃许多零食，但是现在不吃了。
Daniel__ _____eat a lot ofsnacks between meals, but now he doesn't eat any more.
24.现在我不再生我朋友的气了。
I am not_
at my friend______.
25.如今越来越多的人关注食品安全。
Nowadays more and more people___ _____________food safety.
26.他昨天晚上熬夜到十一点半。
He_ ________11:30 last night.
27.电话是什么时候发明的?
When
_the telephone_________?
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28.我们会有机会去实现我们的梦想。
We willhave a chance________
29.这辆自行车必定属于汤姆
This bike___Tom
30.我更喜欢让我振奋的电影。
I prefer movies that can_ _________.
31.你认为最有用的发明是什么?
What do you think is_
_invention?
32.直到1610年茶才被带到西方国家。
Tea____
_to the western countries until 1610.
33.她很激动，因为她真的想结婚。
She was thrilled, because she really wanted to____________.
34.你能告诉我如何去邮局吗?
Could you tell me_
___________the post office?
35.愚人节那天大卫发生了什么事情?
What_
________David on April Fool's Day?
36.她总是担心丢钱。
She is always_
_______her money.
37.如果有时间，我们经常顺便拜访朋友家。
We often_
__________our friends'homes ifwe have time.
38.我们通常计划做有趣的事情。
We usually plan
39.你过去戴眼镜吗?
_you__________wear glasses?
41.多么不幸的一天啊!
What_
_!
42.我的老师总是对我很有耐心。
My teacher was always______.
43.在将来你希望做什么?
What do you hope to do_________?
44.老师们的话已经改变了我的生活。
The teachers'words have_____
45.薯条被错误地发明了。
Potato chips were_______.
40.你喜欢什么种类的音乐?
What_
do you like?
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2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列04:被动语态翻译
学生版
一、被动语态的核心结构
公式：be动词(is/am/are/was/were等)+ 过去分词(V-ed)
中文对应：“被/由/受/让”+动作执行者(可省略)
二、中考常见被动语态翻译场景
1.一般现在时被动
结构：_______
考点：强调习惯性动作，中文用“被”或“由”引出执行者(如“由学生打扫”).
例句：_____________________________
翻译：这个问题必须立刻被解决。
考点：情态动词(must/can/should等)后接be动词原形。
例句：___________________________
翻译：教室每天都被打扫。
2.一般过去时被动
结构：___________
例句：_______________________
翻译：这本书是鲁迅写的。(或：这本书由鲁迅所著。)
考点：过去动作的被动，中文常用“是⋯⋯的”结构。
3.含情态动词的被动
结构：______________---—---
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4.现在完成时被动
结构：⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
例句：⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯→这辆车正在被修理。
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯→河上正在建一座新桥。
6.一般将来时
结构①: ________
例句：The new film will be shown next Thursday.→ 这部新电影将在下周四上
映。
结构②:
例句：The problem is going to be discussed tomorrow.→ 这个问题将在明天
被讨论。
结构③:
例句：The sports meet is to be held on April 10.→ 运动会将于4月10日举行。
肯定句
The report will be finished tomorrow.→ 报告将在明天完成。
例句：⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
翻译：这个项目已经完成了。
考点：强调动作对现在的影响，中文用“已经”+“被”.
5.现在进行时被动
结构：⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
中文对应：“正在被/由⋯(执行动作)”
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The house is going to be painted next week.→ 房子下周将被粉刷。
疑问句
Will the meeting be held in the hall?→ 会议将在礼堂举行吗?
Is the project to be completed by June?一 这个项目计划在6月前完成吗?
否定句
The work won't be delayed.→ 工作不会被推迟。
The decision isn't going to be changed.→ 这个决定不会被改变。
三、被动语态翻译技巧
1.灵活处理“被”字
中文可省略“被”字，直接表达被动含义：
The window was broken.→ 窗户破了。(无需“被”)
2.替换为“由/受/让”:
The bridge was built by workers.一 这座桥由工人建造。
3.动作执行者处理
若执行者不重要，可省略：
The letter was sent yesterday.→ 信昨天寄出了。
若需强调执行者，用“由/被”:
The song was sung by a child.一 这首歌由一名儿童演唱。
4.避免直译生硬
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英文被动句可能对应中文主动句：
The meeting will be held at 3 p.m.→ 会议将在下午3点举行。(无需“被“)
四、易错点提醒
时态混淆：注意be动词的时态(is/was/has been等)对应中文时间状语。
过去分词误用：确保动词用V-ed形式(如written, built).
中文主动化：中文常将被动句转为主动句，如“问题解决了”而非“问题被解决”。
五、真题演练(华育中考风格)
翻译1:新图书馆将于下个月开放。(或：新图书馆下个月将被开放。)
答案：⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
___________·
翻译4:他的一些作品被翻译成英语、法语和日语。
答案：
—--
翻译4:我们学校是2011年建的。
答案：
翻译2:每个人都应遵守这条规则。(或：这条规则应由每个人遵守。)
答案：__________
__________________·
翻译3:蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中。
答案：_________
____-_________.
基础练习
1.两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励。(reward)(汉译英)
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2.在和专家聊过之后他深受启发，下定决心要做出改变，他意识到应该把重点放在提升效率
上。(determine)
After chatting with the experts, he___ __and
He realized that he should________
3.在博物馆的入口处有一块纪念碑，上面记录了这个国家因其多样的矿产资源，尤其是黄金
的储量，曾于19世纪被荷兰人殖民。(variety, settle)
There is __________ __________recording that this country
______because of its_______rich gold storage
_.
4.这个从不自省的男人不可能在事业上获得成功。(reward v)(汉译英)
5小孩子总是渴望得到表扬。(eager)G汉译英)
6.为了吸引动物回来，喷泉被那棵老树取代了。(replace) (汉译英)
培优练习
1.我主张采取更严格的措施来保护濒危动物。(argue)
2.你知道为什么年轻人比老年人更容易受人摆布吗?(likely)(汉译英)
3.民乐需要花力气保护，应详尽记录传统演奏形式，并让艺术形式薪火相传。(preserve)(汉
译英)
4.近年来，由于在线送餐服务的发展，越来越多的塑料包装被丢弃，这将对环境产生负面影
响。(which)
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735
翻译专练
1.我打算认真对待我的功课。
2.你要学着自己照顾自己.
3.那个公园是周末最佳的去处。
4.睡眠充足对我们的健康有好处。
5.没有什么比读书更让人开心的了。(enjoyable)
6. 昨天上午 9:00我们正在上一节英语课。
7.卷头发那个女孩比我更瘦。
8.我们英语老师建议我们上课用英语交谈。(advise)
9.非常遗憾的是许多野生动物没有足够的食物吃。(It's a pity that)
10.中国以茶叶闻名于世。
11. 对我来说没有什么比读书更令人放松的事了。
12.格雷格(Greg) 觉得我们的服务怎么样?
13.我们应当经常锻炼增强我们的体质。
14.Maria 长大后打算当一名科学家，
15.没什么比打篮球更令人兴奋的。
第25页，共143页
16.我以前恐高。
17.中国正在变得越来越强大(powerful)
18.我们不希望每天看新闻，因为它太无聊了。
19.让我们做些什么来拯救尽可能多的动物。(save,possible)
20. Town Cinema离家最近。
21.我喜欢跟随故事情节看接下来要发生的事情。
22. Tna 唱歌比 Tara 声音大。
23.我比我哥哥更加外向。
24.你认为这个脱口秀怎么样?
25.如果他去参加派对，他将会玩得很开心。
26.他一周锻炼两次。
27.去年她打算买一个带有游泳池的房子。
28.昨天下午4点钟你妹妹在干什么?
29.在潍坊，春季和夏季时不时地有暴风雨。(from⋯.to)
30.哪家服装店是镇上最差的?
31.我们国家今后将会有更多的树木，更少的污染。
32. Jack 比他妹妹外向。
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33.为什么绿色世界公园是最拥挤的地方?
34.Linda比她的姐姐更外向
35.我和我朋友一样友好。
36. Tina 跑得比 Tara快。
37.我们学校是唐河最好的学校。
38.她长大想当一名教师。(grow up)
39.如果你有空，请给我打电话。
40.这家服装店是镇上最受欢迎的。
41.昨天老师进来的时候，他正在唱歌。(when)
42.为了当一名医生，他努力学习。(in order to)
43如果我不完成作业，我的老师会生我的气。
44.老舍茶馆热情欢迎来自世界各地的人们。
45.Tom 比他妹妹外向。
46.如果你去了派对，你将会玩得很开心。
47.很小的时候，他就展现出超凡的智慧和艺术才能。(early age)
48.你会很快遗忘某些东西，除非你充分理解了它。(umless)
第27页，共143页
49.他没有意识到危险。
50.计算机能以比我们更快的速度计算，而且几乎从不出错。(almost.)
第28页，共143页
2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列05:局部翻译
学生版
一、新题型核心特点
「局部翻译」定义
不要求完整翻译整个句子段落，而是聚焦关键语法点、高频短语或文化负载词的精准转
换可能以「挖空填充」或「划线部分指定翻译」形式出现。
命题方向疫化
更强调语境理解：需根据上下文选择恰当译法(如多义词的语境化处理)
跨文化交际倾向：增加中国特色表达(如“双减政策”“新质生产力”)的等效翻译
二、高频考查维度与破解技巧
?维度1:语法结构局部换
考查重点 解题策略
2025新题示例(模拟)
虚拟语气 判断隐含假设条件
如果我是你，我会立刻道歉。
→IfI were you, I would apologize at once.
非谓语动 区分不定式/分词/
看到老师进来，学生们停止了说话。
词动名词功能
→ Seeing the teacher enter,the students stopped
talking.
?维度2:文化特色词精准对应
中文表达 翻译要点
"直播带货 直译+注释：livestream sales(selling goods
via live video)
借用国际通用词：involution 或意
"内卷"
译intense competition
?维度3:动态词义选择
例：“影响”在不同语境下的译法
社交媒体影响了青少年的心理健康。
→ Social media affects teenagers'mental health.(中性影响)
得分关键
避免字面翻译如"live
broadcast sell goods"
需在段落中根据语境选择
第29页，共143页
他的演讲深深影响了听众。
→ His speech profoundly influenced the audience.(积极影响)
三、2025新题型模拟训练
题型A:划线部分指定翻译
原句：
The government has implemented the"double reduction"policy to ease the burden on students.
任务：将划线部分译为中文
题型B:文化词补全翻译
原文：
近年来，越来越多的中国人开始尝试______(汉服文化)。
备选译法：
a)Hanfu culture
b) traditional Han clothing culture
四、备考升级建议
关注政策热词，建立「中国特色表达术语库」,例如：
碳中和 carbon neutrality
乡村振兴rural revitalization
训练「一词多境」反应能力
例：“坚持”的译法选择：
坚持原则adhere to principles
坚持锻炼persist in exercising
五、汉译英存在的主要问题
(1)时态、语态不对
(2)句子结构不完整：缺主语、缺谓语、动词堆砌
(3) 中文式语序：时间、地点等状语按中文习惯放在动词之前
(4)动词直接做主语、表语、宾语
(5) 固定短语、固定句型没有掌握好
六、汉译英：诊断、改错
第30页，共143页
(1)他生于1955年，在山东的一个小村庄长大。
He bomin 1955, in Shandong a small village grow up.
-->
(2)我非常喜欢看电视。
I very like watch TV.
--->
(3)玩太多的电游对你的眼睛有害。
Play too much computer games is bad for your eyes.
⋯->
(4)最主要的事情是平衡好学业和兼职工作。
The most important thing is balance schoolwork and part-time jobs.
--->
(5)每当我参加聚会，我的朋友就鼓励我唱歌。
When Itake part in the party,my frends encourage me sing.
-->
七、局部翻译专练
1.世界上许多国家正盼望着与中国进行贸易。
Many courtnes in the worid are_____ ______ _trading with China
2.不要害怕犯错误，因为没有人一直是对的。
Dont_________________making mistakes because nobody will be night all the time
3.越来越多的孩子喜欢和他们的父母去世界各地旅行。
More and more children like to travel_ ______with their parents.
4.未来污染将会更少。
There will be___
in the future
5.篮球比赛获胜时，我为他们的成功感到骄傲。
I was proud oftheir success_
_________the basketball match
6.当别人犯错误时，嘲笑他们是不礼貌的。
It's impolite to_
others when they make mistakes
7.尽管蒂姆很小，但是他至少可以说两种外语。
Although Timis young,he can speak_
two foreign languages
8.我们全家都喜欢在这家餐厅吃火锅，它以良好的服务出名。
All my farily like to eat hotpot at this restaurant. I__________________its good service.
第31页，共143页
9.我们读的好书越多，精神方面就越富有，
The more good books we read_________we will be in spinit.
10分发试卷前，学生们应该保持安静。
The students are supposed to keep quiet__________
11.他们齐心协力，最终赢得了比赛。
They____________________and won the match finally
12.我们通常每学期末都举行一次家长会。
We usually hold a parents meeting__________________ _each school tem
13.老师应该对每一名学生负责。
A teacher should_
each ofhis students
14他和他的爸爸一样高。他们都擅长打篮球，
He is_
his father Both ofthem are good at playing basketball
15直到打扮好她才在晚会上露面，
She_
______at the party until she dressed up.
16大卫的成功不是偶然的，那是他艰辛努力的结果。
David's success didn't come______________.
It was the result ofhis hard work
17.他的新书一上市就销售一空了，
His new book was_
as soon as it came out
18.一个人应该严于律己.宽以待人。
A person should_
himselfbut kind to others
19.我们的家乡正在变得越来越美丽。
Our hometown is becoming
20.冬天一下大雪，我们就去堆雪人。
We will go to make a snowman_______________
__it snows heavily in winter
21.飞机 10分钟前起飞了。
The plane______ ten minutes ago
22.总而言之，少吃垃圾食品的健康饮食能让我们变得越来越强壮。
_,a healthy diet with less junk food can help make us stronger and stronger
23.她在英语方面比她弟弟好得多。
She's much_
English thanher brother
24.毫无疑问，史蒂芬 ·霍金是现代史上最伟大的科学家之一。
Stephen Hawking is without doubt one of_______________________in the modem world
25.他是一个如此诚实的男孩以至于所有的老师都喜欢他。
He is___________________
all the teachers like him
26.她每天都会花一个小时弹钢琴.
She spends anhour in_______________ every day
27.我真希望你在这里以至于我能亲自向你道谢。
I really wish you were here so that I could thank you____________
28.布朗先生对学生非常有耐心。
第32页，共143页
P
Mr. Brown_
the studerts
29.你去过最远的地方是哪里?
Which is_
___thatyou have ever beento?
30.除非他的妈妈给他讲一个故事，这个小男孩才睡觉。
The little boy wont go to bed_
31.约翰有一个藏书的大柜子，它甚至占据了房间的三分之一。
John has a big shelfto store books which even_
one third ofthe room
32.在去电影院的路上，他听到了这个好消息。
He heard the good news_
to the cinema
33.我妈妈允许我每周看一次电视。
My mother_
TV once a week
34.这幅画与莫兰迪的一幅画很相似。
This picture_
one ofMorandi's drawing
35.我不会在作业中再犯如此愚蠢的错误。我下次会写得更仔细
I won't make such a silly mistake in my homework again. I'll write it____________next time
36.这些展示的款式是今年夏天最流行的。
These styles_
are the most popular this summer.
37.在老师的帮助下，我最终解決了这个难题。
With the help ofmy teacher, I_ ___________the difficult problem finally.
38.尽管中国物产丰富，但是一些资源依然短缺，比如淡水资源。
Although China is_
____________resources. it's still short of some resources, such
as fresh water
39.李老师要求学生们不要在河里游泳，因为那很危险。
Mr. Li asks the students_
____in rver, because it's very dangerous
40.请你捎我一程回家好吗?
Couldyou please_
_home?
41.每天放学后，我的妹妹通过散步来放松自己.
My sister_
to relax herself after school every day
42.多亏你的帮助，我才按时完成了工作。
—__
your help, I've finished my work on time.
43.每个人都应该对那些在我们困难时给子我们帮助的人心存感激。
Everyone should_
those who gaveus a hand when we were in trouble.
44.我的朋友邀请我去参加艺术俱乐部，我很愉快地接受了。
My friend_
_the art club,and I accepted it with pleasure.
45.刚才谁想出了这个好主意?
____
the good ideajust now?
46.我的哥哥在昨天的英语考试中表现很好。
My brother___ ____
the Engish exam yesterday
47.令我惊讶的是，这个任务在一周之内就完成了。
第33页，共143页
__
the task was finished in only one week.
49.当我听说我在考试中得了第一名的时候，我心里充满了喜悦。
When I heard that I got the first place in the exam, myheart______________
joy.
59如果你砍伐这些树木，你将会受到惩罚.
You__________
ifyou cut down these trees
60现在，中学生没有足够的时间做运动
______
enough time for middle school students to do sports now
61尽管网络发达，但是许多人还是习惯看报纸。
Although the network is well developed mary people are used to_______________.
62如果你不知道事实，请保持沉默。
Ifyou don't know the truth, please keep_______
63.这蛋糕尝起来好甜啊!
the cake tastes!
64.李明现在不能和我们一起打篮球。他还没有完成家庭作业。
Li Ming can't play basketball with us now He_
____yet
65.电脑是 20世纪 40 年代发明的.它给我们的生活带来了巨大改变。
The computer_____________ _in the 1940s. It has brought a huge change to our life
66.上个周末，我和朋友们骑自行车去野餐了。
Last weekend I___________
with my friends to have a picnic
48.你介意带我在你们的城市里到处看看吗?我对这儿很陌生
Would you mind
you city? I'm quite new here.
50.洗头的时候记得把淋浴关掉。
the shower while you are washing your hair.
51.尽管这个会议已经持续了至少两个小时，但是他们没有达成共识
52.他跑完半个小时后，上气不接下气。
53.每个人都天生具备在生活中获取成功的能力。
54.她告诉我她后悔考试前和她们出去闲逛了。
55.请不要把他和其他的孩子作比较，
56我已经写下了你的电话号码，稍后打给你。
57.玛丽正在和她的朋友在电话上聊天。
58.自从开始学英语以来，我结识了很多外国朋友.
Though the meeting has lasted at least two hours, they have_____
He is_
Everyone______
She told me that she_
Please_
Ihave_
Mary is talking with her friend___
I________
after running for half an hour
the ability to win at life
with thembefore the exam
other kids
____your phone number,and I will call you later
____
since I started to leam Engish
第34页，共143页
响
78穿绿
67.他坚持每天早上六点沿着河边跑步。
He insists on running_
at six every moming.
68.青少年应该被允许选择自己的爱好。
Teenagers_
their own hobbies
69.那件 T 恤衫对于汤姆来说太小了.
The T-shirt_
for Tom
70.快点!简正在等你去看电影。
Hury up!Jane_
_youto go to the movies.
71.在第二个十字路口左转，你将看到那个书店。
at the second crossing and youíll see the bookshop
72.如果你对他人友好，你就会感觉开心。
You will feel happy ifyou_
___ ____others
73.让我们好好利用时间而不是浪费时间
Let's___________
_instead ofwasting it
74.别再讨论这个问题了，我不会改变主意的。
No more discussions on this matter. I___
75.由于糟糕的天气，足球赛被取消了。
The match_____
because ofthe bad weather
76.史密斯先生说如果有时间，他将参加这个会议。
Mr. Snith said he_
ifhe had time
77.我们以辽宁的快速发展为骄傲。
We
the rapid developmert of LiaoNing
78.昨天杰克把他的卧室弄得一团糟。
Jack_
__in his bedroomyesterday.
79.政府下周将要拆掉那栋旧楼。
The old building_
________by the govemmert next week
80.只要我们坚持梦想，并为之努力，就一定能成功。
we stick to our dream and go for it, we can make it
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2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列06:整句翻译
学生版
第一部分
一、基础句型翻译
原句：政府应采取措施减少空气污染。
参考翻译：
考点：情态动词should的译法，不定式 to reduce作目的状语。
原句：如果明天下雨，我们的野餐将被取消。
参考翻译：
考点：条件状语从句+被动语态(will be canceled)。
二、复合句翻译
原句：尽管他很累，但他仍工作到午夜。
参考翻译：
考点：让步状语从句(Although)与时间状语(until)的衔接。
原句：你借给我的那本书很有趣。
参考翻译：
考点：定语从句(that引导)的简化处理。
三、文化特色表达
原句：在中国文化中，龙象征权力与好运。
参考翻译：
考点：专有名词(Chinese culture)与文化负载词的准确传递。
原句：人们常说“熟能生巧以鼓励勤奋。
参考翻译：
考点：谚语的翻译与句子逻辑重组。
第36页，共143页
四、高频易错题解析
原句：这些药本可以治愈病人，但他未遵医嘱服药。
参考翻译：
注意：虚拟语气(could have done)的隐含遗憾意味。
原句：你真好，给了我这么多帮助。
参考翻译：
陷阱：固定句式(It is kind of sb. to do)的汉语习惯表达。
第二部分
一、基础句型翻译
原句：到2030年，可再生能源将占上海电力供应的40??
译文：
考点：将来时被动语态(will account for)+数据准确表达。
原句：人工智能助手通过智能手表提醒用户按时服药。
译文：
考点：方式状语(through)的位置处理。
二、复合句翻译
原句：科学家宣称，这种比钢材更轻的新材料可能彻底改变建筑业。
译文：
考点：非限定性定语从句(which)的拆分译法.
原句：该系统不仅能检测泄漏，还会自动关闭阀门。
译文：
考点：倒装结构(Not only...but also...)的汉语语序调整
第37页，共143页
三、文化传播题
原句：旗袍以其高领和精美刺绣，体现了中国美学的典雅。
译文：
考点：文化专有名词(cheongsam)保留+伴随状语处理
原句：每张脸谱都蕴含特定寓意的京剧传统纹样，现正被数字化保存。
译文：
考点：插入语(each carrying...)转换为分句.
四、易错强化训练
易错句：演讲刚开始直播就中断了
正确译：
典型错误：误译否定结构(Hardly..when⋯→”--⋯.就.⋯")
易错句：正是在这个实验室里.上个月取得了突破.
正确译：
典型错误：忽略强调句结构(It is...that.⋯)
第三部分
整句译基础专练
1.帮助学生了解中国传统艺术是必要的。
2.他是一位多么友好的老师啊!
3.妈妈告诉我们不要摘花。
4.他完成这项任务用了好几周时间。
5.这些橘子多么新鲜啊!
6.我爸爸是一个能使别人开心的人。
第38页，共143页
7.这是多么有用的信息啊!
8.你最好鼓励你的孩子养成一个好的阅读习惯。
9.努力学习，你的梦想就会实现。
10.据说考试后我们会举办一场盛大的派对。
11.别吃那么多肉!
12.我表姐每周花两个小时的时间学京剧。
13.他和我之前都没去过上海。
14.请远离那座高楼。
15.直到看到生日蛋糕，他才意识到今天是他的生日。
16.这辆自行车出故障了。
17.她是因为这部电影出名的吗?
18.你昨晚给我打电话时我正在看报纸。
19.那时除了等待，我别无选择
20.这个村庄里曾经有一条小河。
21.无论你做什么都必须遵守规则。
22.我发现要记住所有的新单词很难。
23.你借阅这本杂志多久了?
24.他说得太快以至于他不能清楚地表达自己的想法。
第39页，共143页
25.这是她第一次做饭。
26.罗马不是一天建成的。
27.如果你足够细心就不会犯简单的错误。
28他足够大可以照顾自己。
29.患难见真情。
30.当我们有不同意见时，我们应该互相理解。
31.他比以前勇敢多了
32.熟能生巧。
33.能请你把这本书带给他吗?
34.这幅画我越看越喜欢。
35.老师问我能否把这句话翻译成英语。
36.你介意帮我打扫房间吗?
37.这本书没有你借给我的那本有趣。
38.我想知道我们明天在哪里见面。
39.有志者事竟成。
40.她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
41.我认为大家都应该保护动物。
42.我的祖父母习惯住在乡村。
第40页，共143页
43.他的英语说得越来越流利了。
44.我发现制定计划很重要。
45.你沿丝绸之路旅行过吗?
46.杰克的钢琴弹得真好!
47.我去过大连两次了。
48.贫困地区会修建越来越多的图书馆。
综合提高练习
1.这个实验证明了”失败是成功之母”的道理。
2.志愿者们无私奉献的精神感动了整个社区。
3.端午节吃粽子是为了纪念屈原这位爱国诗人。
4.老师建议我们每天朗读15分钟来提高语感。
5.上海博物馆的青铜器展览值得一看。
6.京剧脸谱的颜色象征不同人物性格。
7.这个APP能实时监测空气质量指数。
第41页，共143页
8.苏州园林的巧妙设计体现了”天人合一”的理念。
9.新能源汽车的普及有助于减少碳排放。
10.她坚持每天背20个单词，三个月后词汇量显著增加
11.重阳节登高的习俗始于东汉时期。
12.这款机器人能完成精确到0.1毫米的手术
13.”读万卷书不如行万里路”说明实践的重要性。
14.社区食堂为独居老人提供平价餐食。
15.敦煌莫高窟的壁画需要特殊温湿度保护。
16.人工智能绘画的版权问题引发法律界讨论。
17.豫园九曲桥的设计暗含”曲径通幽”的哲学。
18.这款智能手环能预警80??心律异常情况。
第42页，共143页
19.长三角生态绿色一体化示范区成效显著
20."己所不欲勿施于人"是儒家思想的核心原则。
21.上海天文馆的沉浸式展览让人仿佛置身太空。
22.垃圾分类已成为上海市民的日常习惯。
23.越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》在海外广受好评。
24.自动驾驶汽车在临港新片区进行路测。
25.中医认为“冬病夏治效果最佳。
第43页，共143页
2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列07:否定转移&语篇翻译
学生版
第一部分
一、否定转移
否定转移是英语语法中的特殊现象，指形式上否定主句谓语，实际否定从句或其他成分。中考翻译中需
特别注意以下类型：
1.动词think/believe等后的宾语从句否定转移
结构：主句否定(I dont think)+从句肯定(he will come)
例句：__________________.
译文：我认为她并不理解规则。
2.系动词seem/appear后的否定转移
结构：主句否定(It doesn't seem)+ 从句肯定(they know)
例句：_______________
译文：看来我们不需要更多时间
3.状语或从句的否定转移
结构：否定状语(not because)或时间状语(not many weeks)
例句：_____________.
译文：他大声说话并非因为生气。
4.含隐性否定逻辑的连词(too...to,rather than等)
结构：通过连词表达否定含义
例句：_________
译文：她宁愿留下也不愿跟他走。
例句1:我认为他不可能通过这次考试.
译文：_____
二、否定转移的翻译
第44页，共143页
管
例句2:我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。
译文：_______ _____________________。
解题策略：当主句部分是“I don't think”,“I don't believe”,“I don't suppose”等结构时，翻译成汉语
时，要注意否定转移。
第二部分
语篇翻译例题与教学指导
例题1(校园生活类)
原文：
"The Fun Club, where students learn cooking skills through interactive games, has become the most popular
extracurricular activity this semester.As one member said, Tt tuns dull ecipes into exciting challenges."
参考译文：
教学要点：
例题2(社会文化类)
教学要点：
专有名词统一译法："15-minute Community Life Circle"固定译名
现在分词转换："reflecting..."译为独立短句
例题3(科技环保类)
定语从句处理："where...转换为中文前置定语。
引语灵活转译：直接引语改为冒号引导的间接叙述。
原文：Shanghai's "5-minute Community Life Circle'initiative ensures residents access daily necessities within a
参考译文：
quarter-hour walk, reflecting urban planners' people-oriented philosophy.
______
6
第45页，共143页
原文：Scientists warn that unless global carbon emissions peak by 2025, the 1.5℃ temperature control target set
in the Paris Agreement will be unattainable.
参考译文：
________ __。
教学要点：
条件状语从句显性化："unles..".译为"除非⋯否则"结构
被动语态转换："will be unattainable"主动式表达
第三部分
语篇翻译专练
Passage 1
Some people have to use public transport. Some dislike it and still some use it.
5.When vou are on a London train, vou will find that the train has comfortable tables and seats where
people can sit.They also provide food services and power plugs(电源插头)for personal computers or
mobile phones.
1.
2._
3._
4.
5._
1.If everyone has a car and drives anywhere they want to go, there will be serious traffic problems on
British people use trains a lot.2.This is especially so for people who are travelling from London to
This is because people have to drive cars or buses very carefully and slowly for many reasons, such as
Besides, Londoners think taking a train is one of the safest ways of travelling on the ground 4.火
What's more, trains in Britain are comfortable and provide fine services for their users.
the road. Luckily, trains are a good form of public transport.
Paris. Every day about 20 trains leave London. They travel at a very high speed and people feel glad that
speed limits and traffic jams. However, when you are travelling by train, the speed is almost the same and
车在制造过程中进行了相当多的质量测试。More importantiy, they will take many safety checks
the trains take only 2 hours and 30minutes to reach Paris. 3.坐火车比乘公共汽车或汽车快得多。
there is no traffic jam for a train
before they are used on the rail track.
第46页，共143页
Passage 2
Each culture has its own taboos(禁忌).Wherever you travel,never offend(冒犯)the local people.
In France,you must speak French.Don't expect to communicate by speaking English.
1.法国人以他们的语言为荣。They don't like speaking another language instead of French at
home.Don't rush while eating.2.If you eat vour food quickly,French people will think you are impolite.
The French also take great pride in their food, so enjoy what you eat.
3.众所周知，法国午餐要持续三个小时!
In Russia, you should leave home without a credit card: you probably won't find any places where
you can use your credit card. Cash is the king. 4.If you bring someone flowers,you should make sure the
bouquets(花束)have an odd(奇数的)number. Even(偶数的)numbered bouquets are prepared for
dead people.
In India, don't complain about the food. You can just leave the fuod that you dislike, but don't offend
the people who serve you food 5.Also people usually don't talk while eating in India.
1.
2.
3..
4.
5._
Passage 3
Every year on 15th October,over 200 million people around the worid take part in Global
Handwashing Day. 1.But why do we have a day for something we do all the time? Well, research shows
that not enough people often wash their hands with soap.2.Experts believe that this leads to the deaths of
millions of people every year.
Sidibe, a public health expert says soap is 'the most beautiful invention in public health’.3.用肥皂洗你
的手可以减少疾病的传播。
However, washing hands with soap does not happen as often as you might think. This is partly
because there arent enough resources(资源)in poorer countries, but it's also because for many people,
handwashing is simply not part of their everyday life.4.要让人们改变他们小时候学到的习惯是不容
易的。But this is what Global Handwashing Day wants to do.
第47页，共143页
In 2008, the Indian cricket team joined around 100 million Indian schoolchildren in washing their
hands to promote(促进)the first ever Global Handwashing Day. Every year since then, many different
events have been held around the world. In 2014,Global Handwashing Day was used in the fight against
Ebola, a very serious disease, with events held in affected(受感染的)African countries.
5. Today, local and national leaders continue to use the day to spread the importance of cleaning hands.
The hope is that handwashing becomes a necessary part of people's lives and improves the health of
millions around the world.
1._
2._
Passage 4
1._
4.
5._
Passage 5
3._
4._
5._
If you plan to travel,please think about Todmorden.A small town in England is teaching the world
Eight years ago,a woman named Pam in Todmorden dug up her rose garden.She planted
Pam explained why she came up with the popular idea.“It's possible and positive.3.Manv people
So one day, she gathered(聚集)all the villagers together.4.他们决定立刻做些不同的事。They did
But that's not all. There are more than 700 edible towns appearing around the world,from Canada
how important it is to grow your own food1.任何空地都用来种植水果和蔬菜。There are apples,
vegetables, knocked down the garden wall, and put up a sign saying, "Help yourself?!" Today.Pam has
know we have to change,but how to do that is a question."
it. Only a short time later,Todmorden became a big garden full of fruit and vegetables.In Todmorden, there is
to Mali.5.People change the way they think about food and protect the environment at the same time.
pears, peaches here and there. Everyone can pick them for free.
completely changed the town.2.A new town has been born,which is called “Edible(可食用的)
a saying: Ifyou want to eat, you're in.
Todmorden”.
2.
3._
第48页，共143页
7
复
Now, we know that if we do not get enough vitamins, we are at risk of developing a number of
diseases. 1.As a result, vitamin supplements(补品)are popular with people who worry that they are not
getting enough vitamins from the food. But medical experts have found small amount of them do nothing
to improve health or protect against diseases.
In fact, medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful. For example,
too much vitamin E can cause bleeding. 2.People should discuss what vitamins they take with their
doctors.As some vitamins can produce harmful side effects(副作用)when mixed with medicine.
Experts, however, say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent diseases. 3.知道自己缺乏一种
特殊维生素的人应该服用维生素补品。Some older adults, for example, may not have enough
vitamin B-twelve. This is bec ause, as people get older, the body loses its ability to take it from food.Also,
people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the body makes this vitamin from
sunlight.
4.不同的维生素被发现在不同的食物中。In fact, for most people, a balanced diet can reach
enough of the vitamins our bodies need.5.So, it is important for us to eat a mixture of food every day to
make sure that we get enough vitamins.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5._
Passage 6
According to China Daily, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has caried out the experimental operation
of the driver-less minibus in Xuhui campus recently. 1.The report said that the eight seat bus was to be used
for campus service. Since May 2nd, the buses have safely transported more than 1,000 passengers at the
highest speed of 15 kilometers per hour..
It was developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a company that researches the automatic(自
动的)driving system.2.Under the guidance ofthe cloud map, the bus can catch the passengers and take
them to the station they choose.Passengers need to pay by scanning the QR code(扫描二维码)on the bus.
3.徐汇校区内有四个站点。In the bus, passengers can use the touch screen or the voice system to change
the destination.
第49页，共143页
4.这辆公共汽车不仅在天气晴朗的时候运转良好。It even can normally work when it rains or
snows. What's more, it is also good for the environment. It uses electricity instead of oil The charging(充
电》of five to six hours will ensure(确保)a whole day's operation.
The driver-less bus will make our life more convenient and easier. 5.There is no doubt that they will
appear in more and more cities.
1.
2..
3.
4.
5._
Passage 7
1.
2._
3._
Do you dream of growing up quickly so you can spend your own money?Do you want to make
Collect soft drink cans(罐).
1.你可以把饮料罐卖掉，用钱买一个新篮球上。
At the same time, you'll be keeping the environment clean!
Sell used books.
2.You may have some books that you have read but you don't want to keep. Then you can sell them
Make cards.
3. If you are good at drawing, try making special cards for birthdays, either by hand or with a
Be a teacher.
Want to be a teacher in the future? Start practicing now.Are you good at math or reading, or playing
What are you good at? What do you like to do?Make sure its safe and legal(合法的).
some money by yourselves?
to make money.
computer. Your friends may want them for special days.4.如果你们双方都同意的话，你可以低价卖给
musical instruments? 5.You can teach younger children how to get better grades or give them music
他们。
lessons.
4._____
5._________
第50页，共143页
市李神9
Passage 8
We often have practice for a fire at school,and we all know the danger offires. 1.因此，对于一个家
庭来说，学习如何为火灾做准备是很有必要的。Here are some suggestions.
Put a smoke alam(警报)in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off
2. The alarm makes a loud sound, which tells everyone to leave the house at once.
Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire,everyone follows
the plan to get out. 3.该计划的一部分是检查所有的窗口，以确保它们可以被轻松地打开。
Buy fire extinguishers(灭火器)and put them in the house. Everyone in the family should know
how to use them.
Practice for a fire. 4.We do fire practice because we teach children some things about fire safety.
Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:
★Dont open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly ifyou open the door.
★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor
because smoke rises.
★5.What will you do if your hair or clothes start to bun? First, stop!Don't run! The fire burns faster
because of more air. Drop!Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out.
There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready for a fire all the time.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Passage 9
People can't see you when you're speaking on the phone, but they can hear you.1.所以，你说话的
方式尤其重要。In fact, researchers have found that 80ofcommunication over the phone is through
your tone(语气) ofvoice;and only 20is from the words you use.2.Here are some tips on how to
speak over the phone.
Volume(音量)
3.If you speak too loudly,you could sound angry. And if you speak too softly, it'll be difficult to
hear you. So, speak loudly enough to be heard clearly, but not so loud that you're shouting.
Pace(步调)
第51页，共143页
4.试着说得比平时慢一点。This will make you sound confident, and itll make it easier for the
other person to understand you.
Movement
If you're feeling nervous, stand up and move around. 5.It will reduce the nervousness in your body
and help vour voice to sound more confident.
Pauses(停顿)
Using pauses every now and then can heip you to slow down. This will make you sound more
confident and in control. Also, if you pause after giving some new information, it'l give the other person
time to understand it.
1._
5.
Passage 10
1.
2.
3._
5._
2.
3.
4._
Is there anything worse than that?You bravely raise your hand to answer a question, but your
2.反而要放松并信任你的老师。Your teacher isn't calling you out to humiliate(使丢脸)you, but care
Practice,practice,practice. Terrill Schumaker, a teacher,explains that "the more you speak out, the
Realize it's not a big deal. It's not the end of the world. People aren't going to care all that much.4.
Be brave in class.Of course it takes courage(勇气),but what's the point of living in fear?You won't
Use the experience as a learning tool. 5.Wesenberg advises asking teachers why you're wrong. They
teacher just point out that you're wrong.1.太遗憾了!What could the teacher make you suffer(忍受)this?
about you and your education. Having all your classmates come to know your weak points can be pretty
more you learn how to grow and build confidence. Then you can live an exciting life."
"If I′m wrong or make a stupid point, then people laugh at me, but life moves on." says Greade 12
leam anything if you are not brave enough.
can explain and you can learn. Use class time as mini-test. If youre wrong now,at least you won't be
hard. 3. So how can you get past the shame and realize class participation(参与)as a learning chance?
Kristen Wesenberg.Besides, everybody makes mistakes, and you can't be perfect all the time.
wrong in your next test!
4.
第52页，共143页
唯M
活听
Passage 1l
A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier.1 A confident man will try
his best to achieve his goal again and again rather than give up. In addition, a confident man usually brings
some positive(积极的)influence on the people in a team.
Confidence means that you believe you can make it. But how to be more confident?Here are some
suggestions:
Speak loud
2.You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that
people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.
Play sports
3.强壮的身体有助于你充满自信。Taking up a sports game, such as ball games, swimming.
hiking or any other exercise will bring you unexpected surprise.
Encourage yourself
You can encourage yourself by writing down a list of things you did during the day and checking
later.
Pick up a hobby
4.如果你喜欢唱歌，尽可能多地唱歌。In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding.
And it will make you happy and confident.
Remember no one is perfect
Even the most confident people can not do everything well. At some point in any of our lives, we
may feel we are short of something. 5. So it is important for us to realize that we can not be perfect.We
are improving ourselves all the time, though.
1.
2._
4._
5._
Passage 12
Seting clear house rules makes it easier for your children to do well. There are some suggestions
for you.
Keep the list of rules simple
1.Avoid coming up with a long set of rules or trying to cover everything. Instead,keep the list short
and simple.2.你也应该解释每条规则的含义和惩罚。
Use positive language
3.
第53页，共143页
3. Let your rules teach your kids what you want them to do, rather than what you don't want them to
do. For example:Instead of"Don't call other people's names.”, try "Be kind to others.",Instead of"Don't
run in the house.”, try "W?'k in the house."
Let your kids help you write the rules
4.你对规则有一些清晰的想法。However, giving kids a chance to take part in writing a list of
rules is also important. Respecting your kids ideas will increase their willingness(乐意) to follow the
rules.
Mention your family rules often
5. Especially with your children, you should often review the rules.Repeating the rules will help your
kids remember them and use them in different situations.
1._
2._
5._
Passage 13
1._
3._
5.
3._
4._
Some students say English is dificult, but I think it is very easy for me. 1.我很高兴告诉你一些关
First, I think interest for English is the most important thing in learning English.2. When I began to
Second, English is a foreign language, so I learn it well in the following ways: Listen to the teacher
Besides, I often read English articles, jokes and easy novels. 4.他们帮助我很好地理解了一些
于我如何学习英语的事情。
leam English, it was fresh for me. I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it. Soon we had an English
carefully, speak bravely,read aloud and remember vocabularies. Then practice again and again. And I
词的合义。And I also write diaries in English every day. 5.I think it is very useful in improving my
exam and I got very good grades.After that I learned English harder and harder.
also have a good habit:3.Asking for help whenever I have a question, and I will try my best to understand
English writing. English has become a close friend of mine.
it well.
2.
4._
第54页，共143页
"7414
Passage 14
During my sixth grade year, I had everything getting on well with me. 1 was the leader of the
students'union and two sports teams. I also had amazing grades and some great friends
1.One day,my parents told me that my whole family was moving to Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚).1
was shocked then. Upon thinking ofit, I felt an ache in my heart.I was sure that leaving Virginia and starting
over in a new place would be the death of me. On the last day of school, I burst into tears.2.All the sweet
memories of my friends appe ared in my mind. I felt sad to part with them andI would miss them soon.
That summer in Pennsylvania, 3.我遇到了安娜，她是一个对我的生活影响很大的女孩。She
could hear my thought and truly understand me. But the friends in Virginia didn't even try to stay in touch
with me.4.我从来没有收到过他们中的任何人的消息。And I never wrote to them as well.Gradually,
I stopped missing them.Comparing with what Ive had now, the life in my old school seems to be nothing
important.5.I am happier than ever because I have more new good friends like Anna.Today I am glad that
I have made the change in my life because it has improved my life.
Maybe you don't want to change, but sometimes changes are for the better.
1._
2.
5._
Passage 15
In an English class, our teacher, Mrs. Bartlett asked us to make a poster(海报)in groups about the
culture that we were studying. 1. She told us to write the names of three friends who we wanted in one
group. She would think about our choices.
The next day, I was told to be in a group I wouid never want—the boy who was too weak in
English, and the two girls who wore strange clothes.Oh, how I wanted to be with my friends!
With tears in my eyes, I walked up to Mrs. Bartlett. 2. She looked at me and seemed to know what I
was there for. I told her I should be in the “good"group. She gently put a hand on my shoulder(肩膀).“I
know what you want, Karma," she said, "but your group needs you. 3.我需要你帮助他们。Oniyyou can
help them.”I was surprised and moved.Her words encouraged me.
“Will you help them?”she asked.“Yes,” I replied.Then I bravely walked over to my group. I sat
down and we started. Each of us did a part according to our interests. Halfway through the week, I felt
myself enjoying our group.4.我们一起做得很好。Nobody except Mrs. Bartlett had believed in our group.
Amazingly, our group got an A.But I think we should hand the A back to Mrs. Bartlett.
3._
4.___
第55页，共143页
5. She was the one who should truly receive it. Mrs. Bartlett brought out the potential(潜能)in four of
her students.
1.
2..
3._
5.
Passage 16
1._
2._
3._
5._
Passage 17
At present, almost everyone has a mobile phone, but have you ever thought that cell phones might
be bad for your health?1.A study shows that heavy mobile phone use may cause hearing loss(失聪).
This study shows that people who use cell phones for about an hour a day have a harder time
hearing some similar sounds, especially in their right ears. 2.It is getting harder for them to tell the
difference between the sounds of"s"and“f”,and"t"and“z”.
Researchers studied 100 people who used cell phones and compared them with 50 people who did
not. 3.这项研究持续了12个月。What the researchers found was that cell phone users had more hearing
problems than those who did not.
4._
When I was in primary school,I was too weak in French to pass the exam. I often got an“E”or"F"
"Don't worry,my son. Believe in yourself and you're sure to win the contest." 3.With my father's
Then everything has changed.5.When I do anvthing, I always believe in myself and try my best to
on my papers. 1.我的同学经常在课堂上嘲笑我。I often felt sad but could not do anything. But later, a
encouragement, I accepted his offer.After that my father and I chose a right topic. Then I practiced hard
do it well.
French speech contest changed my life 2.这也改变了我对每件事的看法。It was a Wednesday
at it. I spent a lot of my spare time practicing it again and again in order not to miss a word. Finally, it
afternoon. My father asked me to take part in a French speech contest. It was a terrible idea! My French
turned out that my speech was successful. When my French teacher gave me a call and told me I got the
grades were always bad.
first prize, I could hardly believe my ears.4.And my father was so excited that he couldn't say a word.
4.__
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Besides this, our ears have many little hairs inside them. Too much noise will cause these hairs to
get weak and finally die.4.When these hairs die, it affects our ability to listen. However, cell phone users
don't care too much about this study. One man said“5.我会更担心使用iPad的人。They put those
earphones in their ears and listen to very loud music. I think that is more likely to cause hearing Ioss than a
cell phone."
1.
5.
Passage 18
1.
2.
3.
4._
5.
Passage 19
We know that it's important to give people a gift, especially a personal one. 1.Ifwe are going to give
gifts to others, we should first try to find out what they like and dislike.That is called“art of giving”.
2._
3._
4.__
In the moden society,more and more people feel anxious. But life is short, and you have to make
1.Having a YOLO mind means that vou make the most of every day. It means you enjoy your life,
Now, thanks to a US study,YOLO might be more than just a popular saying. A study found it might
A research team did an experiment with two groups of students from different US universities. One
At the end of the experiment, the students did a survey to find out how happy they were. 5.It
the most of it. Has anybody ever told you that? Maybe they just said"YOLO"to you instead. It means
because you only get one. Someone who has a YOLO mind is always open to new and fun activities.
be healthier to have a YOLO attitude!
group were told there were only 30 days left before they moved to a new city. 3.他们做了很多活动，并
showed that the first group was much happier."But anyway, people should live a happy life.
“You Only Live Once”, and it's a very popular sentence so quite a lot of people know it very well.
2.That makes you become an active person.
且花时间和他们爱的人在一起。In other words, they had a YOLO lifestyle.4.另一组人继续过着正常
的生活。
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2. Some little kids think they don't get enough gifts while some old people think they get too many
gifts. Different people like different kinds of gifts. For example, a little boy can make his mother very
happy just by giving her a leaf as a gift.
3.赠送礼物在不同的国家是不同的。Here are some of their likes. In Canada, a tree can help
remember a person. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity
rather than buy them gifts. In Sweden, doing something for someone or paying a visit to the elder is the
best gift.4.人们不需要花费任何钱。Different people have different thoughts on this subject! 5. Maybe
the art of giving is difficult!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Passage 20
The world culture includes not only the customs of our society, its art, music, but also everyday
activities.1.文化给予我们在社会中的归属感。So the losing of one's culture is alarming. 2. Many
people believe that their traditional ways of life are under threat(威胁).Yet for some, the losing of
culture is a natural result of globalization(全球化)and progress. So is the globalization of cuiture a
threat or a chance?
3. Those who see globalization as a threat argue that societies are losing special parts of their
cuitures. For example. Omotik, a language spoken in East Africa, has only 50 live speakers. There are
also increasing fears in China, where the losing of musical and dance traditions, as well as traditional
crafts, is causing concern to many. Some argue that it is hard to find differences between London and
Tokyo.
4.另一些关注全球化的优势。They accept that Western culture is spreading, but they also point
to how Western countries and many other parts of the world are being shown to world cultures. Many
argue that there are advantages to these cross-cultural(跨文化的)exchanges and that they lead to better
understandings between cultures. They say world traditions are celebrated more widely because of these.
5.Anyway, many organizations and govemments are making efforts(努力) to protect their cultures.
1.
2._
3.
4._
5._
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79
华育初中英语新题型翻译答案解析
第59页，共143页
2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列01:连词的翻译
(教师版)
and:和、与
1.Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends
露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。(不可省)
2.Young people and older people do not always agree.They sometimes have different ideas about living,
working and playing.
年轻人和老年人并不总是意见一致。他们有时对生活、工作和娱乐有不同的想法。
3The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.
太阳很明亮，天空很晴朗。
4He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.
他于去年3月离开公司，以访问学者的身份前往哈佛大学。
5However,they worry about their schoolwork and can't fall asleep quickly.
然而.他们担心他们的功课.不能很快入睡。
6.他不开心，不知道如何处理这件事。
He was unhappy and didn't know how to deal with it.
注：解题策略
英语中连词用得多，汉语中连词用得少。英译汉时，有些连词可以省译。汉译英，要适当增加连
词，成文连贯。
Though it isn't like a table, I like it very much.
虽然它看起来不像张桌子，但是我很喜欢它。(成对使用)
虽然那个梦想没有实现，但是现在他成功了。
Although that dream did not come true,now he has succeeded.
注：解题策略
英语中“though”、“but"/"because”、“so”只能用其中之一，但汉语中“虽然⋯⋯但是”、“因为⋯
⋯所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。
第60页，共143页
答案
1.achieve his dream
2.have to wear
3.Either of the books
4.a challenge
5.a few;few
6.In order not to
7.The number of
8.A number of;have been to
9.an interesting film that
10.It seems that
11.What life will be like
12.so young that
13.beat
14.won;match
15.offered ajob to me
16.make a plan to help
17.information about ourselves
18.is famous for
19 make a promise
20.too late to
21.in common with
22.make a resolution
23.be successful
24.disagrees with
25.find out the truth
26.It's the first time that
27.have to do with
28.are free
29.without your help
30.1ooking forward to
31.halfway to solving
32.are busy preparing
33.didn’'t wake up until
34.hear from
35.accept my invitation
36.replied to
37.miss the bus;hury up
122
翻译专练1
第61页，共143页
38.no trouble in soiving
39.get used to paying
40.always feel lonely
41.the life without water
42.walking home
43.The earlier;the better
44.looking through
45.will work out
46.compared to
47.willgo instead
48.are not allowed t play
49.depend on
50.raise lots of money
51.have been trying give up
52.for your kindness
53.drinking tea;is raining
54.hit against
55.remind me of
56.have been married for
57.has been rising
58.a strange sound
59.to work out
60.the biggest/largest population
61.was protected
62.finish the work successfully
63.the most dangerous sports;is
64.belongs to
65.is popular;introduced into
66.the importance of
67.offer help to them
68.have been in
69.encourages us to
70.can't tell
71.considers that;worth reading
72.take risks
73.will be hold
74.sent letters by birds
75.work on
76.with a pen
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77.put on;performance
78.warned us
79.will depend on upon
80.do with
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2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列02:定语从句翻译
教师版
定语从句的翻译
Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers
桂林是一个有山有水的地方。
He refused to give up the goal which is very clear.
他拒绝放弃明确的目标。
解题策略1:
对于较短的定语从句英译汉时，可译成带的”的前置定语，可把复合句译成简单句。
He was very thankful to the land where he grew up.
他非常感谢他成长的土地。
I met an old man who asked me to pay attention to heaith.
我遇到一位让我注意健康的老人。
解题策略2:
对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句，在英译汉时，可将其后置，将整个句子结构译成并列句，并重
复先行词。
They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives.
他们应该远离那些工作，那些工作会对他们的生活产生不良影响。
定语从句改写和翻译练习
例题讲解
Ilove the girl.
The girl has long hair.
①找出两个简单句的共有成分：the girl
↓
②确定主从句：主句I love the girL从句The girl has long hair.
↓
③将从句中的共有成分去掉：
I love the girl the girl-has long hair.
④用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后
I love the girl who has a long hair.
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小试牛刀
一、将2句话改写成一句定语从句。
1.The man is our headmaster.
You shook hands with the man just now.
一The man who whom vou shook hands with just now is our headmaster.
2.I saw a boy and his dog.
The boy and his dog were walking in the park.
→The boy and his dog that I saw were walking in the park.
3.Many trees were cut down.
They were used to make into paper and furniture.
一Many trees which were cut down were used to make into paper and furniture.
4.The school is very nice.
We are studying in this school.
一The school which we are studying in is very nice.
5.The animal is endangered.
We should protect the animal.
一We should protect the animal which is endangered.
6.The environment has changed greatly.
Many wild animals are living in the environment.
→Many wild animals are living in the environment which has changed greatly.
二、翻译以下句子：
那本封面很漂亮的书是莉莉的。
1.The man who lives next door is a dentist.
2.This is the shop where I bought my bike.
3.Beijing which everyone knows is the capital of China.
4.The book whose cover is beautiful is Lily's.
住在隔壁的人是牙医。
这是我买自行车的商店。
北京是中国的首都，大家都知道它。
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5.We will never forget those who gave their lives for our country.
我们永远不会忘记那些为我们的国家而牺牲生命的人。
6.I'll never forget the day when we first met.
我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那天。
7.He is the man with whom I have discussed the matter.
他就是和我讨论过这件事的人。
8.I like songs that I can sing along to.
我喜欢那些我可以一起跟着唱的歌。
9.They talk about things and people they remember.
他们谈论他们记得的事情和人。
三、培优练习
1.一个人说话和做事的方式能反映出这个人的性格。(way)(汉译英)
【答案】The way one says and does can reflect his character.
【详解】考查定语从句和短语。此处表示“方式”应用名词way,后跟省略关系词的定语从句，表示“一个
2.不同国家的人对时间的态度不同，这在一定程度上反应出了文化的差异。(which)(汉译英)
人说话和做事”翻译为one says and does,陈述事实用一般现在时，谓语用三单形式；表示“反映”用动词
reflect,作谓语，且can后跟动词原形；表示“性格”应用名词 character,作宾语，由代词his修饰。故翻
译为 The way one says and does can reflect his character.
【答案】People in different countries have different attitudes towards time, which partly reflects cultural
differences.
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。不同国家的人为主语，英文表达为“people in different countries”,有为
谓语，英文为“have”,不同的态度为宾语，英文为“different attitudes”,对于⋯⋯的态度，一般用介
词 towards,时间为 time;这在一定程度上反应出了文化的差异是对前一句的补充说明，可以用which
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引导的非限制性定语从句，反应出从句谓语，英文为“refect”,文化差异从句宾语，英文为“cultural
differences”;句子描述事实，用一般现在时，再结合其他汉语意思，故翻译为People in different countries
have different attitudes towards time, which partly reflects cultural differences.
3.那个父母都来自法国的女孩能说一口流利的中文，对亚洲美食也如数家珍。(whose)(汉译英)
【答案】The girl whose parents are both from France can speak fluent Chinese and is familiar with Asian
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和短语。表示“那个父母都来自法国的女孩”翻译为 the girl whose parents are
4.生活不是马拉松，而是一段旅程。在旅途中，我们欣赏美景，结交朋友。(where)(汉译英)
cuisine.
both from France,此处为 whose 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the girl;表示“能说一口流利的中文”可用
can speak fluent Chinese,此处用情态动词can表示“能够”;表示“对⋯⋯如数家珍”应用be familiar with,
此处用一般现在时，主语为 the girl, be动词用 is;表示“亚洲美食”应用Asian cuisine。结合其他汉语提
示，故翻译为The girl whose parents are both from France can speak fluent Chinese and is familiar with Asian
cuisine.
【答案】Life is not a marathon but a journey, where we enjoy beautiful scenery and make friends.
【详解】考查固定结构、定语从句、动词(短语)和名词。句子在介绍通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在
时，整个句子可处理为主从复合句，将“在旅途中，我们欣赏美景，结交朋友“处理为用关系副词 where
引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词“旅程”作补充说明；主句的主语“生活”用名词life,系动词用 is,“不
是⋯⋯而是⋯⋯"可用not A but B的结构，“马拉松”应用名词a marathon,“一段旅程”可用名词 a journey;
从句中主语“我们”用代词we,“欣赏美景”可用动词短语enjoy beautiful scenery,“结交朋友”可用动词短
语make friends,两个动词短语之间用并列连词and连接。故可译为：Life is not a marathon but a journey,
where we enjoy beautiful scenery and make friends.
5.丰富的课外活动是建平中学的特色，这为学生提供了丰富的学习体验，也满足了他们的个性化需求。
(feature v.)(汉译英)
【答案】Jianping Middle School features rich extracurricular activities, which not only provide students with
diverse learning experiences but also meet their individual needs.
【详解】考查定语从句。表示“建平中学”应用Jianping Middle School;表示以⋯⋯.为特色”应用feature,
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陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；表示“丰富的课外活
动”应用rich extracurricular activities;表示“不仅⋯⋯而且⋯⋯"应用not only..but also..;表示"为学生提
供了丰富的学习体验”应用provide students with diverse learning experiences;表示满足他们的个性化需求”
应用meet their individual needs;将“这为学生提供了丰富的学习体验，也满足了他们的个性化需求”处理
为非限制性定语从句，先行词是activities,指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词 which引导，从
句谓语动词用原形。故雷译成 Jianping Middle School features rich extracurricular activities, which not only
provide students with diverse learning experiences but also meet their individual needs.
6.这个家庭主妇选了一些冷冻食品，其中三分之一贴着可回收包装的标签。(a third of which)(汉译英)
【答案】The housewife chose some refrigerated food, a third of which was labelled as “recyclable packaging.
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事实，时态为一般过去时。主语为 the housewife;
表示“选择”应用动词choose,过去式为chose;表示“一些冷冻食品”为some refnigerated food;后跟“介词
关系代词which"结构引导非限制性定语从句修饰some refrigerated food,表示“其中三分之一”应用a third
of which;表示“贴着标签”与先行词 food之间为被动关系，应用be labelled as,be动词使用was;表示“可
回收包装”为recyclable packaging。故翻译为 The housewife chose some refrigerated food, a third of which
was labelled as "recyclable packaging."
7.我第一次来到这样的城市，在这里传统市场与现代摩天大楼的结合创造出独特的城市景观。(mix)(汉
译英)
【答案】It is the first time that I have been to a city where the mix of traditional markets with modern
skyscrapers creates a unique urban landscape.
【详解】考查固定句型，定语从句和时态。"第一次⋯⋯"应用固定句型 It is the first time tha.⋯,句首单
词首字母大写，句子描述当前的状态，时态为一般现在时，该句型结构中从句需用现在完成时，从句主
语“我”应用代词I,“来到这样的城市”可译为have been to a city,其后接 where引导的定语从句，修饰先
行词 city,关系词在从句中作地点状语表示“在这里”,定语从句中主语“传统市场与现代摩天大楼的结合”
译为 the mix of traditional markets with modern skyscrapers,谓语动词“创造出”应用动词 create,句子描述
的是这个城市现在的特性，时态是一般现在时，主语 the mix of traditional markets with modern skyscrapers
为单数，谓语动词用单数形式 creates,宾语“独特的城市景观”译为a unique urban landscape。故翻译为It
is the first time that I have been to a city where the mix of traditional markets with modern skyscrapers creates a
unique urban landscape.
8.在昨天会议上发表的演讲中，我代表我的团队表达了深深的遗憾，并对我们所犯的错误进行了反思。
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(reflect)(汉译英)
【答案】In the speech I delivered made at yesterday's meeting, I expressed my deep regret on behalf of my
team and reflected on the mistakes we made/ the errors we've committed.
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。根据句意可知，陈述过去的事实，为一般过去时。“在昨天会议上发表
的演讲中”翻译为 in the speech I delivered made at yesterday's meeting,先行词为 speech,在作定语从句中
做宾语，省略了关系代词 that 或者which。“我代表我的团队表达了深深的遗憾”为主谓状结构，雷译为 1
expressed my deep regret on behalf of my team;“对我们所犯的错误进行了反思”翻译为 reflected on the
mistakes we made/ the errors we've committed,其中先行词为mistakes,在定语从句中作宾语，省略了关
系代词 that 或者which。定语从句可以为一般过去时，也可以为现在完成时。故翻译为：In the speechI
delivered made at yesterday's meeting. I expressed my deep regret on behalf of my team and reflected on the
mistakes we made the errors weve committed.
9.毫无疑问，那些经历过艰难困苦的人更明白生命的重要意义。(doubt)(汉译英)
【答案】There is no doubt that those who have experienced hardships understand the significance of life better.
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和固定句型。分析可知，本句描述客观真理，主要使用一般现在时。表示
“毫无疑问”用固定句型 there is no doubt that.⋯, that 引导同位语从句；表示从句中主语“那些经历过艰难
困苦的人”为 those who have experienced hardships,who引导的限制性定语从句修饰指人的先行词 those,
从句中用现在完成时，表示过去的经历对现在的影响，注意主谓一致；表示谓语部分“明白生命的重要
意义”为 understand the significance of life,主语为复数，主谓一致，谓语动词用原形；表示“更”为 well
的比较级 better。句首字母大写，故翻译为 There is no doubt that those who have experienced hardships
understand the significance of life better.
10.孩子们不禁钦佩这位科学家，他为保护环境做出了巨大贡献。(contribute)(汉译英)
【答案】Children couldn't help admiring the scientist who had contributed a lot to the environmental
protection.
【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句和时态。表示“孩子们”用children,作主语，位于句首，首字母大
写。表示“不禁做某事”用固定短语 can't help doing sth,本句描述过去的动作和状态，应用一般过去时；
表示“钦佩”用admire,用动名词，作couldn'thelp的宾语。表示“科学家”用scientist,此处为特指，
scientist 前加 the。表示“他为保护环境做出了巨大贡献”用定语从句，先行词是 scientist,指人，关系
词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 who引导；表示“做贡献”用短语 contribute to,从句的
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动作发生在主句过去动作之前，应用过去完成时；表示“巨大”用短语a lot;“环境保护”用短语
environmental protection。故翻译为Children couldn't help admiring the scientist who had contributed a lot to
the environmental protection.
11为何人们都反对这个对环保有积极影响的举措?(object)(汉译英)
【答案】The idea he mentioned referred to in the lecture will contrioute to our better understanding of artificial
intelligence.
【详解】考查名词短语、定语从句、动词短语、介词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表
示“想法”为名词 idea,此处为特指，应用定冠词 the修饰，后接省略关系代词 that which 引导的定语
从句，在该从句中，表示“提到”应为动词短语mention refer to,作谓语，陈述过去的事情，应用一般
过去时；表示“在讲座中”应为介词短语in the lecture;表示“有助于”应为动词短语contribute to,作
主句谓语动词，结合“将”可知主句应用一般将来时；表示“我们更好理解人工智能”应为名词短语our
better understanding of artificial intelligence。故翻译为：The idea he mentioned/ referred to in the lecture will
contribute to our better understanding of artificial intelligence.
【答案】Why do people object to the measure that which has a positive impact influence effect on
【详解】考查动词和定语从句。根据所给中文句子可知，为特殊疑问句，用why提问，后接一般疑问句，
12.他在讲座中提到的那个想法将有助于我们更好理解人工智能。(contribute)(汉译英)
environmental protection?
描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，“人们”作主语，译为“people”,“都反对”根据题干要求，用
object作谓语，“举措”作宾语，译为“the measure”,“对环保有积极影响的”可用which或者that
引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 measure,在从句中作主语，“有积极影响”可用固定搭配 have a positive
impact influence effect on,用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故译为：Why do people object to the
measure that which has a positive impact influence effect on environmental protection?
翻译专练
1.我们英语老师建议每天都讲英语。
【答案】His English teacher suggests speaking English every day.
2.这些军人毕生致力于保卫这个岛，我家乡的所有人都为他们感到骄傲。
【答案】The soldiers devoted their lives to guarding the island.All the people in my hometown are proud of
them.
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3.你应该避免在五一外出游览。
【答案】You m;yust avoid traveling on May Day.
4.交通事故发生在六点钟。
【答案】The accident happened at 6:00.
5.中国人无疑是最懂茶内涵的人。
【答案】The Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature oftea.
6.许多学校仍然关闭着来阻止病毒的传播。
【答案】Schools are still closed in some countries to stop the spread ofthe virus.
7.我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没有及格。
【答案】I regret to tell that you have failed the exam.
8.这个小孩子已经学会了应付各种困难。
【答案】The boy learned to manage all kinds of dificulties.
9.一天的辛苦工作，她总是感到困倦。
【答案】She always feels sleepy after a day's hard work
10.我不知道你在说什么。
【答案】I can hardly understand what you said.
11.中国是第三把人送到太空上的国家。
【答案】China is the third nation that sent a person into space.
12.许多人不喜欢下雨天，因为雨天让人忧伤。
【答案】Most people don't like rainy days because they make people sad.
13.当人们听到科比车祸的消息都完全震惊了。
【答案】People were completely shocked when they heard about Kobe's accident.
14.由于新冠肺炎的影响，老师们决定工作日在线上教英语。
【答案】Because of the COVID-19,the teachers decided to teach online on weekdays.
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15京剧作为中国文化的重要一部分有200 多年的历史。
Beijing Opera,____-
_Chinese culture,
__of over
200 years.
【答案】an important part of;has a history
16.所有的医生和护士都没有放弃救治这个年轻人。
All the doctors and nurses didn't_____________the young man.
【答案】give up saving
17.在新中国成立以后，人们过上了幸福的生活。
After New China_____________,people lived a happy life.
【答案】was founded
18.先如今共享单车变得越来越流行。
Nowadays, shared car are becoming_____________
【答案】more and more popular
19.任何有发烧症状的人必须尽快与其他人彻底隔离。
Any one who has a fever___ ______________others as soon as possible.
【答案】should be separated from
20.一个人书读得越多，就会变得越聪明。
【答案】The more books a person reads,the cleverer you will be.
21.现在有很多动物都处于危险境地，我们需要保护他们。
【答案】Now many wild animals are in danger. We should protect them.
22.无论过去发生过什么,我希望她知道我是支持她的。
【答案】No matter what happened in the past, I want her to know I am there for her.
23.在疫情面前没有什么比人们的健康和安全更重要。
【答案】Nothing is more important than people's safety and health.
24.我看他并不是有意使你为难。
【答案】I think he didn't mean to be hard on you.
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25.他的歌声如此优美，以致于在全国各地粉丝众多。
【答案】He sings so beautifully that he has lots of fans in every part of the country.
26.这道菜可以提前一天准备好，然后放到冰箱里。
【答案】This dish may be prepared ahead of a day. time and put into the fridge.
27.现在，大多数学生都可以上高中去接受更好的教育。
【答案】Today most students can go to high school for better education.
28.似乎对于来说真相会比谎言更安全。
【答案】It seemed to him that truth would be safer than a lie.
29.让我失望的是，这个新电影如此无聊
___
_ ___,the new movie is so boring
【答案】To my disappointment
30.汽车很快就可以通过5G网络互相对话，让司机意识到前方的危险。
Cars could soon communicate with___
using 5G to make drivers aware of
upcoming dangers.
【答案】each other
31.如果一切进展顺利，这个工程需要两天完成。
Ifll take about two days to finish the project if______________.
【答案】everything goes smoothly
32.别总指望别人。没人有义务帮你。
Don't always______ ______others.Nobody has the duty to help you.
【答案】depend/count on
33.妹妹总是把整个周末都用来闲逛商店。
My sister always spends the whole weekend___
_in the shopping malls.
【答案】hanging out
34.在公共场合保持适当的距离可以避免感染病毒。
Keep proper distance in public places can_
—_____ ___
【答案】avoid catching the virus
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35.这些抗疫展示真的深深的触动了我。
Those vinus fighter____ ___
【答案】really touched me deeply
36.只要我们努力我们的中国梦将一定会实现。
Our Chinese Dream________
as long as we all work hard.
【答案】is sure to be achieved
37.两天的时间是不够完成这项任务的。
【答案】Two days isn't enough for us to finish the task.
38.你应该想办法解决自己的问题。
【答案】You are supposed to come up with idea to solve your problem
39.学好英语，以便我们能够与世界分享中国故事。
【答案】Learn English well so that we can share Chinese stories with the world.
40.在大多数国家，人们通常在特殊的节日吃传统食物。
【答案】In most countries,people usually eat traditional food on special holidays.
41.他妈妈每天早晨六点去上班。(go)
【答案】His mother goes to work at six every morning.
42.同学们正在为升学考试做准备。(prepare)
【答案】The classmates are preparing for the entrance examination now.
43.我们应该减少花在手机上的时间。(cut)
【答案】We are supposed to cut down the time on our smart phones.
44.你介意关掉电视吗?我得打个电话。(turn)
【答案】Would you mind turning off the TV? I have to make a phone call.
45.对我们来说照顾好自己是非常重要的。(look)
【答案】It is very important for us to look after ourselves well.
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2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列03:it句型翻译
教师版
解题策略：
引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时，本身没有独立意义，可以省译。
一、强调句型
结构为"It is was+被强调部分+that who从句",用于突出句子中的特定成分。
例如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball.(强调地点状语)
It was not until she took off her glasses that I recognized her.(not...until的强调形式)
二、形式主语/宾语
形式主语：替代不定式或从句，常见结构包括：
It is+ adj.(+for of sb.)+to do(如：It's necessary to study hard)
It takes sb.+时间+to do(如：It took me 2 hours to finish)
It is+过去分词 + that从句(如：It is reported that..)
形式宾语：动词后接i替代复杂宾语，
如：
I find it difficult to understand this concept.
She made it clear that she disagreed.
三、固定搭配
时间相关：
It is/has been+ 时间+since从句(如：It's 3 years since we met.)
It is (high)time+ 虚拟语气(如：It's time we left.)
情感评价：
It is a shame/pity that...(可能接虚拟语气)
It is no usegood doing(如：It's no use crying)
四、特殊结构
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it+不及物动词+ that从句(如：It seems that...)
疑问词+ it matters(如：Where you start doesn't matter)
注意区分强调句与时间状语从句：当it指代时间且后接when时，非强调句型(如：It was 6 o'clock
when.)
熟记it句型
it做形式主语
It be+adj(for sb) to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是怎么样的。
It be+(aan)+n(for sb.)to do sth.
做某事对于某人来说是⋯。
It takes sb(some time) to do sth.
做某事花了某人多长时间。
It strikes sb that..
I find think it+adj to do sth.
让某人想起⋯
我认为做某事是怎么样的。
it做形式宾语
基础练习
1.记住所有的面孔和名字是很困难的。
【答案】It was difficult to remember all the faces and names.
2.我认为他们很难理解你的笑话。
【答案】I think it hard for them to understand your joke.
3.志愿者们花了一下午的时间打扫公园。
【答案】It took the volunteers the whole afternoon to clean up the park.
4.边喝咖非边欣赏落叶十分惬意!(It)(汉译英)
【答案】It is pleasant to drink coffee while enjoying the falling/ fallen leaves!
【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“十分惬意”用固定句型：
it is pleasant to do sth.,“边欣赏落叶”表示和喝咖啡非同时发生，用while作连接词，表“同时”,“欣赏落
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叶”的主语和“喝咖啡非”主语相同，用现在分词形式，译为“enjoying the falling leaves”或者“enjoying the fallen
leaves”。故译为：It is pleasant to drink coffee while enjoying the falling/ fallen leaves!
5.中秋节品月饼，赏月在中国是很常见的事。(typical)(汉译英)
【答案】It is typical of Chinese to eat mooncakes and appreciate/enjoy the moon on the Mid-Autumn Festival
in China.
【详解】考查固定句型，时态和主谓一致。“⋯⋯是很常见的事”是固定句型It is typical of sb. to do,其中
It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，“在中国”是 in China,“品月饼”是eat mooncakes,“赏月”是
appreciate enjoy the moon,这两个动作的发出者是中国人，因此句型中的sb.用Chinese两个动作用and
连接，“中秋节”是on the Mid-Autumn Festival,故答案为 It is typical of Chinese to eat mooncakes and
appreciate enjoy the moon on the Mid-Autumn Festival in China.
6.她这个人就是爱忘事。(typical)(汉译英)
【答案】It was typical of her to forget something.
【详解】考查固定结构。It be typical of sb. to do sth.某人总是⋯⋯。故翻译为It was typical of her to forget
something
7.你难道不认为反省自己的错误很重要吗?(reflect)(汉译英)
【答案】Don'tyou think it's important to reflect on your own mistakes?
【详解】考查动词、名词和宾语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般现在时表客观情况。表示“你
难道不认为⋯吗?”应用don't you think,为主谓结构；表示“反省自己的错误很重要”应用it'simportant to
reflect on your own mistakes,在本句中作宾语，省略了连接词 that。其中It is adj of sb to do sth,表“某人
做某事是怎么样的”,为固定句型，reflect on表“反省”,为固定搭配。故翻译为Don't you think it's important
to reflect on your own mistakes?
8.______ (青少年往往会顶撞父母 typical) but deep down, they have a deep
affection for their parents.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】Itis typical of teenagers to talk back to their parents
【详解】考查固定句型和固定搭配。句意：青少年往往会顶撞父母，但在内心深处，他们对父母有着深
厚的感情。It is typical of sb. to do sth.意为“某人往往会做某事”,为固定句型；talk back to sb.意为“顶撞某
人”,为固定搭配。故填It is typical of teenagers to talk back to their parents。
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9.今天下午他似乎和医生有约。(it, appointment)(汉译英)
【答案】It seems that he has had an appointment with the doctor this afternoon.
【详解】考查固定句型和名词。“似乎⋯⋯"可用固定句型 it seems that.⋯,名词appointment 表示约会”,
动词短语have an appointment with the doctor表示“和医生有约”,结合句意可知，seem 在讲述现在的情况，
故用一般现在时，主语为 it,谓语动词用三单形式seems;“和医生有约‘在讲述过去动作对现在的影响，
故用现在完成时，主语为he,助动词用三单形式has。故翻译为It seems that he has had an appointment with
the doctor this afternoon.
10.她总爱别人说话时插嘴。(typical)(汉译英)
【答案】It's typical of her to cut in when other people are talking about something.
【详解】考查句型和时态。根据汉语提示可知，“总爱⋯⋯可使用固定句型It's typical of sb. to do sth,意
为“某人一向向来⋯⋯”。“插嘴*可使用固定短语 cut in,“别人说话时”可使用when引导的时间状语从句
when other people are talking about something。该句陈述客观事实，主句用一般现在时。故翻译为It's typical
of her to cut in when other people are talking about something.
培优练习
1.王教授花了多久学这几门外语?(take)(汉译英)
【答案】How long did it take Professor Wang to learn these foreign languages?
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“多久”应用how long;表示“做某事花费某人多少时间“句型为 it takes took
sb. some time to do sth.;表示“王教授”翻译为Professor Wang;表示“学这几门外语”翻译为 learn these
foreign languages。此处为疑问句，结合语境可知为一般过去时，助动词用did。故雷译为How long did it
take Professor Wang to learn these foreign languages?
2.正是悠久的历史和浓厚的学术氛围使得这座大学成为游客必到之处。(It)(汉译英)
【答案】It is the long history and strong academic atmosphere that make this university a must-visit place for
tourists.
【详解】考查强调句型、动词、名词和形容词。“悠久的历史和浓厚的学术氛围”雷译为 the long history and
strong academic atmosphere,名词短语在句中作主语；“使得”用动词 make表示，“这座大学”译为 this
university;“游客必到之处”翻译为 a must-visit place for tourists;“使得这座大学成为游客必到之处“译
为make this university a must-visit place for tourists,其中 this university作动词 make的宾语，a must-visit
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place作宾语补足语。根据句意，该句子可以用强调句型“It be+被强调部分+that+其它”对主语 the long
history and strong academic atmosphere进行强调。故翻译为It is the long history and strong academic
atmosphere that make this university a must-visit place for tourists.
3.想到有一个危险的野生动物还在安静的乡下流窜就令人不安。(It)(汉译英)
【答案】 It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is sill t large in the quiet countryside.
【详解】考查固定句型。“一想到⋯就让人感到不安”可使用固定句型It is disturbing to think that...,“危
险的野生动物”可翻译为a dangerous animal,“还在；仍然可使用副词still,“流窜”可使用固定短语at large,
“安静的乡下”可翻译为 in the quiet countryside。故翻译为 It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild
animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
4.那个资深的导演斥资10个亿花了近十年的时间才把那本经典小说改编成了电影。(take)(汉译英)
【答案】It took the senior director nearly a decade to adapt the classic novel for a movie,with 1 billion yuan
invested.
【详解】考查固定句型、固定搭配、with复合结构和时态。根据提示和汉语，本句可使用it takes/took sb.
some time to do sth.句型，意为“做某事花费某人⋯⋯时间”。“斥资10个亿”和“花了近十年的时间”是两个
不同的动作，所以前一个动作可用“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，“10个亿”(1billion yuan)和“斥资”(invest)
之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词。“资深的导演”可表示为 the senior director;“近十年的时间”可表示
为 nearly a decade;“经典小说”可表示为classic novel;“把⋯⋯改编成⋯⋯”可表示为 adapt.for...。根据
句意，这里陈述的是过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时。故本句可翻译为：It took the senior director nearly
a decade to adapt the classic novel for a movie, with 1 billion yuan invested.
5.原来，那本科幻小说是我高中时期的一位室友写的。(turn out)(汉译英)
【答案】It turns out that the science fiction book was written by one of my roommates in high school.
【详解】考查主语从句和时态。根据提示“原来”可以用短语 turn out,主语用形式主语it,真正的主语从
句用 that连接，陈述事实，为一般现在时；从句主语是“那本科幻小说”,英文表达为 the science fiction novel,
谓语为 write,小说是被动写的。所以为被动语态，且表示过去发生的动作，为一般过去时的被动语态。
“我高中时期的一位室友”翻译为one of my roommates in high school。故翻译为It turns out that the science
fiction book was written by one of my roommates in high school.
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6.结果证明他写的第一本科幻小说非常成功。(turn)(汉译英)
【答案】It turned out that the first science fiction he wrote was very successful.
【详解】考查定语从句，主语从句和时态。根据提示可知“结果证明”可以用短语 turn out,主语用形式主
语it,真正的主语从句用 that连接，从句主语是第一本科幻小说”,英文表达为“the first science fiction”,
谓语用be动词，表语成功的”,英文表达为“successful”,“他写的“修饰名词作定语，可以用定语从句
he wrote表达，先行词在从句中作宾语，关系代词可以省略，本句描述过去事实，应用一般过去时，故
翻译为It turned out that the first science fiction he wrote was very successful.
7.兴趣是创造力的基石，维护孩子真正的兴趣至关重要。(so)(汉译英)
【答案】Interest is the foundation of creativity, so it's very important to preserve a child's true interests.
【详解】考查名词、连词和动词短语。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词是用一般现在时。表示
“兴趣”应使用名词 interest;表示创造力的基石”应使用短语 the foundation of creativity;表示因此”应使
用连词s0;表示“维护孩子的真正兴趣”应使用动词短语preserve a child's true interests。因此，整个句子
翻译为Interest is the foundation of creativity, so it's very important to preserve a child's true interests。
8.处处洋溢着圣诞气氛，这是个用精心制作的贺卡向朋友致以感谢的好时机。(occasion)(汉译英)
【答案】With Christmas spirit everywhere, it is a good occasion to send carefully-made cards to fnends to
express thanks.
【详解】考查动词、名词和形容词。分析句子可知，这里时态可用一般现在时表客观情况。表示“处处
洋溢着圣诞气氛”可用with Christmas spirit everywhere,为“with+ 宾语 +副词“构成的with复合结构；表
示“这是个做⋯⋯的好时机”可用it is a good occasion to do,为固定句型；表示“用精心制作的贺卡向朋友
致以感谢”即表示“给朋友寄精心制作的卡片以示感谢”应用send carefully-made cards to friends to express
thanks,其中 to express thanks为不定式作目的状语。故翻译为With Christmas spirit everywhere, it is a good
occasion to send carefully-made cards to friends to express thanks.
9.结果这个新近开发的旅游景点很受欢迎。(turn out)(汉译英)
【答案】It turned out that this newly-developed tourist attraction was very popular.
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“结果⋯⋯"句型为 It turned turns out that;表示“这个新近开发的旅游景
点”雷译为 this newly-developed tourist attraction,作主语；表示“很受欢迎”be very popular。发生在过去用
一般过去时。故翻译为It turned out that this newly-developed tourist attraction was very popular.
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10.结果，吉姆的作文因为其创造力与想象力得到了表扬。(turn)(汉译英)
【答案】It turned out that Jim's composition was praised because of his creativity and imagination.
【详解】考查主语从句和时态。结果."表达为 turn out;“作文”表达为 composition;“得到表扬”表达为
be praised;“因为”表达为because of;“其创造力和想象力”表达为his creativity and imagination。根据句
意可知，此句可用it turns out that.⋯句型，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句；because of+名词引导原因
状语，且此处讲述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故翻译为：It turned out that Jim's composition was
praised because of his creativity and imagination.
11.我喜欢罗马这座古城，它给我提供了很多令人着迷的景点和杰作，让我难以移开我的视线。(which)(汉
译英)
【答案】I like Rome, the ancient city, which provides me with many charming tourist attractions and
masterpieces, and I find it hard to remove my eyes away from them.
【详解】考查定语从句、时态和短语。句子陈述一般性事实，应用一般现在时；根据句意可知，“它给
我提供了很多令人看迷的景点和杰作”可处理为which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Rome, the
ancient city;“喜欢”表达为 like,作主句谓语动词；“这座古城”表达为 the ancient city,作Rome的同位于；
“给我提供.⋯.”表达为provide me with⋯,作从句谓语动词；“令人着迷的“表达为 charming;“景点和杰作”
表达为 tourist attractions and masterpieces,作从句宾语；“让我难以移开我的视线”和主句并列，用and连
接；难以做某事"find it hard to do sth,it作形式宾语，to do为真正的宾语；“移开我的视线”表达为 remove
my eyes away from them。故翻译为：I like Rome, the ancient city, which provides me with many charming
tourist attractions and masterpieces, and I find it hard to remove my eyes away from them。
12.我觉得有必要把教室里的破窗户换成新的。(replace)(汉译英)
【答案】I think it(is) necessary to replace the broken window in the classroom with a new one.
【详解】考查动词短语和宾语从句。结合句意可知，句子用一般现在时，“觉得”使用动词 think,此处使
用“think it+形容词+动词不定式”结构，it是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语，“有必要”使用形容词
necessary作宾补，“把⋯⋯替换成⋯⋯”使用动词短语replace...with.⋯,“教室里的破窗户”译为 the broken
window in the classroom,结合其他汉语提示，故本句可译为I think it necessary to replace the broken window
in the classroom with a new one;也可将“有必要把教室里的破窗户换成新的”译为一个宾语从句作 think
的宾语，使用固定句型“it is+形容词+to do sth”,意为“做某事是⋯⋯的”,it是形式主语，动词不定式是
真正的主语，故从句译为 it is necessary to replace the broken window in the classroom with a new one,从句
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结构、意义完整，使用that引导，that可省略。综上，故雷译为：I think it(is) necessary to replace the broken
window in the classroom with a new one.。
13.尽管在春节燃放烟花是人们的习俗，但是为了保持空气质量良好，我们最好放弃这种习俗。
(Although)(汉译英)
【答案】Although it's a custom for people to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival, we had better
abandon it in order to maintain good air quality.
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“尽管在春节燃放烟花是人们的
习俗”为 although引导的让步状语从句，其中“习俗”为名词custom,“燃放烟花”为set off fireworks,“在
春节”为 during the Spring Festival,此处用固定句型：it is+名词 for sb. to do sth.意为“某人做某事是⋯⋯.”,
it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，故从句翻译为Although it's a custom for people to set off fireworks
during the Spring Festival,为了保持空气质量良好”为 in order to maintain good air quality,作目的状语，
“最好”为had better,“放弃”为动词 abandon,故整句翻译为Although it's a custom for people to set off
fireworks during the Spring Festival, we had better abandon it in order to maintain good air quality.
14.值得一提的是，这位富有想象力的作家在空难中幸存下来。(survive)(汉译英)
【答案】It is worth mentioning that the imaginative writer survived the plane crash.
【详解】拷查时态、固定句型、主语从句。表示“值得一提的是⋯⋯.用固定句型 it is worth mentioiing that.⋯,
其中 it是形式主语，真正的主语是 that引导的主语从句，be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”为固定短语。
主语从句中：表示“这位富有想象力的作家”用 the imaginative writer作主语，表示幸存”用survive,本句
描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式 survived;表示“这次空难”用the plane crash,
作宾语。故翻译为：It is worth mentioning that the imaginative writer suvived the plane crash.
15.据他所说，这款新研发的药物是否能有效地缓解疼痛还有待证实。(judge)(汉译英)
【答案】Judging from what he said, it remains to be seen whether the newly developed drug can effectively
relieve pain.
【详解】考查固定句型、宾语从句、主语从句、动词、名词和副词。“据他所说”可理解为“依据他所说的
来看”,“依据⋯⋯来看"可用固定表达judging from,“他所说的“可用表示“所⋯⋯的”的连接代词 what 引
导名词性从句，作from的宾语，从句描述的应该是过去的情况，时态应用一般过去时，主语“他”用代词
he,“说”用动词said;“.⋯⋯还有待证实”描述的应该是当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，可用固定句
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型 it remains to be seen⋯表示，it作形式主语，“这款新研发的药物是否⋯⋯·可用表示“是否”的连接词
whether引导名词性从句，作真正的主语，从句中主语“这款新研发的药物”可用名词短语 the newly
developed drug,“能”可用情态动词 can,“有效地”可用副词 effectively,“缓解疼痛”可用动词短语relieve
pain,情态动词后 relieve用原形。故可译为：Judgimg from what he said, it remains to be seen whether the
newly developed drug can effectively relieve pain
16.就在我要提交报告的时候，我突然意识到已经错过了截止日期。(strike)(汉译英)
【答案】Just as I was about to submit my report, it suddenly struck me that I had mised the deadline.
【详解】考查时态、固定句型、状语从句和时态。“就在我要提交报告的时候”是时间状语从句，表示“就
在⋯⋯的时候”用副词just加从属连词as引导从句，主语“我”用人称代词I,“要提交”译was about to submit,
其中was about to为过去将来时态，宾语“报告”用my report表示；“我突然意识到已经错过了截止日期”
是主句，我突然意识到”用固定句型 it suddenly struck me that.⋯,其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为 that
引导的从句，从句中添加主语I,谓语“已经错过了”用had missed表示，因为“错过截止日期”这一动作发
生在“意识到”之前，所以使用了过去完成时态，宾语“截止日期”用the deadline。综上，全句译为：Just as
I was about to submit my report, it suddenly struck me that I had missed the deadline.
17.究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性?(motivate)(汉译英)
【答案】What was it that motivated Xiao Wang to study/learn electronic engineering?
【详解】考查名词、动词和强调句。根据中文提示和句意可知，这里应用一般过去时。表示“究竟”应用
强调句it was...that,在本句中对特殊疑问词what强调；表示“什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性”应用
句子What motivated Xiao Wang to study / learn electronic engineering?其中 to study /learn electronic
engineering 在本句中做宾补。故翻译为What was it that motivated Xiao Wang to study/learn electronic
engineering?
18.众所周知健康与体育锻炼是密切相关的。(kmowledge, relate)(汉译英)
【答案】It is known that health is closely related to physical exercise.
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表示“众所周知”用It is common knowledge tha..句型，表示“健康”用health,
表示“与⋯⋯⋯密切相关”用be closely related to,表示“体育锻炼”用physical exercise。结合句意，表示客观
事实，用一般现在时，be 动词用is。结合要求，句子可以翻译为It is common knowledge that health is closely
related to physical exercise。
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答案：
1.feel at home
2. went out ofour way
3. make our own decisions
4. are supposed to
5.Could Would you please
6.dream of
7.not only; but also
8.protect endangered
9. takes, pride
10.be used for
11. divided into
12.by mistake
13.do try our best to help
14. strict with
15.taken place
16.depend on
17.Neither, nor
18.in public
19.To his surprise
20. prefer,has
21.rather, than
22.By the time
23.used to
24.mad; any more
25.pay attention to
26.stayed up until
27.was; invented
28.to achieve our dreams
29.must belong to
30.cheer me up
31. the most useful
32.wasn't brought
33.get married
34.how to get to
35.happened to
36.worried about losing
37. drop by
翻译专练
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38.to do something interesting
39.Did, use to
40.kind of music
41.an unlucky day
42.patient with me
43.in the future
44.changed my life
45. invented by mistake
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2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列04:被动语态翻译
教师版
一、被动语态的核心结构
公式：be动词(is/am/are/was/were等) + 过去分词(V-ed)
中文对应：“被/由/受/让”+动作执行者(可省略)
二、中考常见被动语态翻译场景
1.一般现在时被动
结构：am/is/are+done
例句：The classroom is cleaned every day.
翻译：教室每天都被打扫。
考点：强调习惯性动作，中文用“被”或“由”引出执行者(如“由学生打扫”)。
2.一般过去时被动
结构：was/were+done
例句：The book was written by Lu Xun.
翻译：这本书是鲁迅写的。(或：这本书由鲁迅所著。)
考点：过去动作的被动，中文常用“是⋯⋯的”结构。
3.含情态动词的被动
结构：情态动词+be+done
例句：The problem must be solved immediately.
翻译：这个问题必须立刻被解决。
考点：情态动词(must/can/should等)后接be动词原形。
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4.现在完成时被动
结构：have/has+been+done
例句：The project has been finished.
翻译：这个项目已经完成了。
考点：强调动作对现在的影响，中文用“已经“+“被”。
5.现在进行时被动
结构：am/is/are+being+过去分词
中文对应：“正在被/由⋯⋯(执行动作)”
例句：The car is being repaired.→这辆车正在被修理。
A new bridge is being built over the river.→河上正在建一座新桥。
6.一般将来时
结构①:will/shall+be+过去分词
例句：The new film will be shown next Thursday.→ 这部新电影将在下周四上映。
结构②:be going to + be + 过去分词
例句：The problem is going to be discussed tomorrow.→ 这个问题将在明天被讨论。
结构③:be to + be+ 过去分词(表计划安排)
例句：The sports meet is to be held on April 10.→运动会将于4月10日举行。
肯定句
The report willbe finished tomorrow.→ 报告将在明天完成。
The house is going to be painted next week.→ 房子下周将被粉刷。
疑问句
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Will the meeting be held in the hall?→ 会议将在礼堂举行吗?
Is the project to be completed by June?→ 这个项目计划在6月前完成吗?
否定句
The work won' t be delayed.→ 工作不会被推迟。
The decision isn't going to be changed.→ 这个决定不会被改变。
三、被动语态翻译技巧
1.灵活处理“被”字
中文可省略“被”字，直接表达被动含义：
The window was broken.→ 窗户破了。(无需“被”)
2.替换为“由/受/让”:
The bridge was built by workers.→ 这座桥由工人建造。
3.动作执行者处理
若执行者不重要，可省略：
The letter was sent yesterday.→ 信昨天寄出了。
若需强调执行者，用“由/被”:
The song was sung by a child.→ 这首歌由一名儿童演唱。
4.避免直译生硬
英文被动句可能对应中文主动句：
The meeting will be held at 3 p.m.→ 会议将在下午3点举行。(无需“被”)
四、易错点提醒
时态混淆：注意be动词的时态(is/was/has been等)对应中文时间状语。
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过去分词误用：确保动词用V-ed形式(如written, built).
中文主动化：中文常将被动句转为主动句，如“问题解决了”而非“问题被解决”。
五、真题演练(华育中考风格)
翻译1:新图书馆将于下个月开放。(或：新图书馆下个月将被开放。)
答案：The new library will be opened next month.
翻译2:每个人都应遵守这条规则。(或：这条规则应由每个人遵守。)
答案：This rule should be followed by everyone.
翻译3:蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中。
答案：The blue sky is reflected(映衬)in the deep blue lake.(无“被”)
翻译4:他的一些作品被翻译成英语、法语和日语。
答案：Some of his works are translated into English, French and Japanese.(有“被”)
翻译4:我们学校是2011年建的。
答案：Our school was built in 2011.
基础练习
1.两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励。(reward)(汉译英)
【答案】The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a book respectively./
Or:The two kids were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward.
【详解】考查动词、名词和被动语态。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，表示“两个小朋友分
别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励”可翻译为The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a
book respectively,其中 be rewarded with表“得到⋯的奖赏”,为固定搭配，respectively表“分别地”,
在本句中作状语；表示“两个小朋友分别得到一盒蜡笔和一本书作为奖励”也可翻译为 The two kids
were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward,其中as a reward表“作为奖励”,为固定
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搭配，在本句中作状语。故雷译为 The two kids were rewarded with a box of crayons and a book respectively.
或者 The two kids were given a box of crayons and a book respectively as a reward。
2.在和专家聊过之后他深受启发，下定决心要做出改变，他意识到应该把重点放在提升效率上。(determine)
After chatting with the experts, he__________and________________He realized
that he should______.
【答案】①.was deeply inspired ②.was determined to make a change③.focus on improving
efficiency
【详解】考查动词和时态语态。根据汉语提示可知，表示“启发”为动词 inspire;“深受启发”可译为
“be deeply inspired”,用被动语态体现“被启发”的含义，由后句动词 realized可知，此处应为一般过
去时；表示“下定决心要做出改变”应为动词短语be determined to make a change,be应为过去时；表示
“把重点放在提升效率上”应为动词短语 focus on improving efficiency,结合空前should情态动词可知，
为动词原形。故分别填was deeply inspired;was determined to make a change;focus on improving efficiency。
3.在博物馆的入口处有一块纪念碑，上面记录了这个国家因其多样的矿产资源，尤其是黄金的储量，曾
于19世纪被荷兰人殖民。(variety, settle)
There is_________,recording that this country_______because of
its_______, rich gold storage________
【答案】①.a monument at the entrance of the museum ②.was settled by the Dutch in the 19th
century ③.variety of mineral resources ④.in particular
【详解】考查名词短语、被动语态、名词及固定搭配。第一空需补全“一块纪念碑在博物馆的入口处”,
“一块纪念碑”的英文表达为 a monument,“在博物馆的入口处”的英文表达为 at the entrance of the
museum,故第一空填 a monument at the entrance of the museum;第二空需补全“曾于19世纪被荷兰人
殖民”,“殖民”可用动词settle,在从句中作谓语。主语 this country和 settle之间为被动关系，“曾于
19世纪”提示用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was,“被荷兰人”
是by the Dutch,“在19世纪”是in the 19th century,故第二空填was settled by the Dutch in the 19th century;
第三空需补全“多样的矿产资源”,结合空前 its可知，“多样的”用名词 variety的短语variety of,“矿
产资源”是mineral resources,故第三空填variety of mineral resources;第四空需补全“尤其是”,固定
搭配为 in particular,故第四空填in particular。故填①a monument at the entrance of the museum;②was
setled by the Dutch in the 19th century;③variety of mineral resources;④in particular。
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(际
4.这个从不自省的男人不可能在事业上获得成功。(rewardv.)(汉译英)
【答案】This man who never reflects on himself cannot be rewarded with success in his career.
【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。分析句子结构，“这个从不自省的男人”可翻译为 who引导的定语从
句，修饰先行词“这个男人”(the man)。“从不”可表示为 never;“自省”可表示为 reflect on himself;“在
事业上”可表示为 in his career;“获得成功”可表示为 be rewarded with success。故本句可翻译为：This man
who never reflects on himself cannot be rewarded with success in his career.
5.小孩子总是渴望得到表扬。(eager)(汉译英)
【答案】The children are always eager to get praised.
6.为了吸引动物回来，喷泉被那裸老树取代了。(replace)(汉译英)
【答案】To attract the animals back, the fountain was replaced by the old tree.
培优练习
1.我主张采取更严格的措施来保护濒危动物。(argue)
【答案】I argue that more serious measures should be taken/we should take more serious measures to protect
endangered animals.
【详解】考查动词及时态。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时；“我主张”译为Iargue that, that引导宾
语从句，“更严格的措施”译为 more serious measures,“采取”使用动词 take,argue后面的从句使用should
do,可以使用被动语态或主动语态，“来保护濒危动物”译为 to protect endangered animals,不定式短语作
目前状语。或者将句子理解为“我们应该采取更严格的措施来保护频危动物”,句子主语为we,谓语动词
should+动词原形。故翻译为I argue that more serious measures should be taken/we should take more serious
measures to protect endangered animals.
2.你知道为什么年轻人比老年人更容易受人摆布吗?(likely)(汉译英)
【答案】Do you know why young people are more likely to be pushed around than elderly people?
【详解】考查句子结构，宾语从句，形容词比较级和固定短语。根据汉语句子分析，“你知道⋯⋯吗?”
为主句，结合语境可知，用一般现在时的一般疑问句句式，即“Do you know.⋯?”。“为什么年轻人比
老年人更容易受人摆布”为宾语从句，用“why”引导，“年轻人”为从句主语，用“young people”表
达；“更容易做某事”用“be more likely to...”表达，与主句保持时态一致，用一般现在时，同时结合
第91页，共143页
【答案】
从句主语“young people”,这里的be用“are”表达；“摆布”用动词短语“push around”,这里与从
句主语为被动关系，用过去分词形式“pushed around”;“比”用比较连词“than”表达；“老年人”
用短语“elder people”表达。因此，从句译为“why young people are more likely to be pushed around than
elderly people”。故译为：Do you know why young people are more likely to be pushed around than elderly
people?
3.民乐需要花力气保护，应详尽记录传统演奏形式，并让艺术形式薪火相传。(preserve)(汉译英)
【答案】To preserve traditional folk music, efforts must be made to meticulously document traditional
performance styles and ensure the art fom is passed down to future generations.
【详解】考查短语、时态、语态、非谓语动词和宾语从句。“民乐需要花力气保护”用不定式作目的状
语，“保护”用动词preserve;“民乐”用名词traditional folk music;“应”意为“必须努力做某事”,
用句型 efforts must be made to...;“记录传统演奏形式”雷译为meticulously document traditional
performance styles;“让”意译为“确保”,用动词ensure,后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完
整，所以用连接代词 that引导；“艺术形式”翻译为 art form,在从句中作主语；“薪火相传”意译为
“传给后代”;“传给”用短语pass down to,与从句主语之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；“后代”
翻译为 future generations;陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为To preserve traditional folk music,
efforts must be made to meticulously document traditional performance styles and ensure the art fom is passed
down to future generations.
4.近年来，由于在线送餐服务的发展，越来越多的塑料包装被丢弃，这将对环境产生负面影响。(which)
In recent years, with the development of online food delivery services,more and more plastic packaging has be
en abandoned, which will have a negative impact on the environment.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态、定语从句、固定短语。表示“近年来”用固定短语in recent years,句首单词首
字母大写。表示“随着”用with;表示“在线送餐服务的发展”用the development of online food delivery
services,作with的宾语。表示“越来越多的塑料包装”用more and more plastic packaging,作主语。表
示“丢弃”用abandon,根据时间状语In recent years可知，abandon这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，
句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语more and more plastic packaging与abandon为被动关系，句子用现
在完成时的被动语态。表示“这将对环境产生负面影响”用非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从
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句中作主语语，应用关系代词 which引导，表示“对⋯⋯产生负面影响”用have a negative impact on sth,
事情发生在将来，从句时态用一般将来时。表示“环境”用environment, the environment作will have a
negative impact on的宾语。故译为In recent years, with the development of online food delivery services,
more and more plastic packaging has been abandoned, which will have a negative impact on the environment.
翻译专练
1.我打算认真对待我的功课。
答案：I'm going to take my lessons seriously./I'll take my lessons seriously.
解析：be going to=will 表示“将要，打算”,take..seriously“认真对待⋯⋯”,I“我”,作主语，谓语
用 am going to, my lessons“我的功课”,故填I'm going to take my lessons seriously/I'll take my
lessons seriously.
2.你要学着自己照顾自己.
答案：You should leam to take care of look after yourself.
解析：你：you;要：should,情态动词，后跟动词原形；学着：lean,后跟动词不定式；
照顾：take care of look after;你自己：yourself.根据中文提示可知，句子为陈述句。故填You should
lean to take care oflook after yourself.
3.那个公园是周末最佳的去处。
答案：That park is the best place to go to on weekends.
解析：那个公园“that park”,位于句首作主语开头字母应大写；最佳的去处“the best place to go to”;句
子为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，系动词应用 is;“在周末”on weekends.故 填That park
is the best place to go to on weekends.
4.睡眠充足对我们的健康有好处。
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答案：Having enough sleep is good for our health
解析：睡眠充足：have enough sleep,作句子主语，用动名词形式；对.有好处：be good for;
我们的健康：our health。句子时态用一般现在时，be 动词使用 is.故填Having enough sleep is good
for our heaith
5.没有什么比读书更让人开心的了。(enjoyable)
答案：Nothing is more enjoyable than reading books
解析：没有什么:nothing; 比：than;读书 read books;更让人开心：more enjoyable; than
之后应用动词的 ing 形式，主语和形容词之间应用系动词 is.故填Nothing is more enjoyable than
reading books.
6.昨天上午 9:00我们正在上一节英语课。
答案：We were having an English class at 9:00 yesterday morning
解析：we“我们”; have an English class“上一节英语课”; at 9:00 yesterday morming昨天上午
9:00”。根据句意可知本句应用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。主语是复
数，be 动词用 were。故填We were having an English class at 9:00 yesterday morning.
7.卷头发那个女孩比我更瘦。
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声保
答案：The girl with curly hair is thinner than me.
解析：卷头发那个女孩： The girl with curly hair,在句中作主语；根据句意，可判断时
态为 一般现在时，因句中无实义动词，需用be 动词，the gir!是单数，be 动词用 is;
后跟 thin的 比较级 thinner表示“更瘦”,句中是女孩和我做比较，用 than me 表示。故
填The girl with curly hair is thinner than me.
8.我们英语老师建议我们上课用英语交谈。(advise)
答案：Our English teacher advises advised us to talk in English in class.
解析：我们英语老师：Our English teacher(句首首字母大写);建议：advise;我们：us(宾
格);上课用英语交谈：to talkin English in class。结合语境可知，句子时态可以是一般现
在时也可是一般过去时；“建议某人做某事”可用短语 advise sb. to do sth.;主语是“Our
English teacher”,选择一般现在时，谓语动词用动词三单形式(advises);选择一般过去时，
谓语动 词用过去式(advised)。故填Our English teacher advises advised us to talk in English in
class.
9.非常遗憾的是许多野生动物没有足够的食物吃。(It's a pity that)
答案：It's a pity that many wild animals don't have enough food to eat.
解析：It's a pity that“非常遗憾的是”;many wild animals“许多野生动物”;enough food足够的
食物”;eat“吃”。句子是一般现在时，主语是 many wild animals,复数，因此“没有”用 don't have;
enough 结构是“enough+名词+to do sth”。故填It's a pity that many wild animals don't have enough
food to eat.
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10.中国以茶叶闻名于世.
答案：China is famous for tea in the world
解析：句子用一般现在时，主语是 China, be 动词用 is; 以⋯⋯闻名：be famous for;
茶：tea; 在世界上：in the world。故填 China is famous for tea in the world
11.对我来说没有什么比读书更令人放松的事了。
答案：Nothing is more relaxing than reading for me.
解析：nothing is+形容词的比较级-than.⋯表示“没有什么比⋯⋯更
more
relaxing“更令 人放松的”,比较级形式；reading“阅读”;for me对我来说”。故填Nothing is
more relaxing than reading for me.
12.格雷格(Greg) 觉得我们的服务怎么样?
答案：What does Greg think ofour service?/How does Greg like our service?
解析：表达“觉得⋯⋯怎么样?”应用句型“how do sb.like”和“what do sb. think of,句
子主语为Greg,句子为一般现在时，故助动词 do 应用第三人称单数形式 does, our
service意为“我们的服务”。故填What does Greg think ofour service?/How does Greg
like our service?
13.我们应当经常锻炼增强我们的体质。
答案： We should often exercise to build up our body.
解析：we“我们”;should"应该”; often“经常”; exercise“锻炼”; build up our body“增强
我们 的体质”,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填We should often exercise to build up
our body.
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14.Mana 长大后打算当一名科学家。
答案：Maria is going to be a scientist when she grows up.
解析：be going to be“打算成为”; a scientist“一名科学家”;when当⋯⋯时候”;she“她”;grow
up“长大”。when 引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三
单 形式。故填Maria is going to be a scientist when she grows up.
15. 没什么比打篮球更令人兴奋的，
答案：Nothing is more exciting than playing basketbal.
解析：分析句子可知，句子的时态是一般现在时，没有什么:Nothing,作主语，谓语动词 用
单数 is;更令人兴奋的：more exciting,形容词作表语：比：than;打篮球：playing basketball。故填Nothing
is more exciting than playing basketball
16.我以前恐高。
答案：Iused to be afraid ofhigh places.
解祈；过去是：usedto be;害怕：be afraid of;高的地方：high places。故填Iused to be afraid ofhigh
places.
17.中国正在变得越来越强大。(powerful)
答案：China is geting more and more powerful.
解析：China“中国”:get“变得”;more and more powerfu“越来越强大”。此处为现在进行时，结
构为 be doing,主语是单数，be 动词用 is。故填 China is getting more and more powerful.
18.我们不希望每天看新闻，因为它太无聊了。
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答案：We don't wart to watch the news every day because it's so boring
解析：根据中文提示可知，要用because 引导原因状语从句，本句用一般现在时，we 作
主 句主语，谓语动词用原形，don't want to watch the news“不希望每天看新闻“:it's so
boring“它 太无聊了",用主系表结构表达。故填We don't want to watch the news every day because
it's so boring.
19.让我们做些什么来拯救尽可能多的动物。(save. possible)
答案：Let s do something to save as mary animals as possible.
解析：让我们：Let's;做些什么来拯救：do something to save;尽可能多的动物：as mary animals as
possible。此处为 let开头的祈便句，故答案为 Let's do something to save as many animals as
possible
20. Town Cinema离家最近。
答案：Town Cinema is the closest to home.
解析：be close to“靠近”,根据句意可知此处应用 close“接近的“最高级 the closest;home“家”。故
填 Town Cinema is the closest to home.
21.我喜欢跟随故事情节看接下来要发生的事情。
答案：Ilike to follow the story and see what happens next.
解析：结合句意，该句为一般现在时。I“我"; ike to do“喜欢做”;follow the story“跟随故事 情
节”;and 表示顺承；see“看”;what happens next“接下来发生什么”。故填 Ilike to follow the story
and see what happens next.
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22. Tina 唱歌比 Tara声音大。
答案：Tina sings more loudly than Tara.
解析："唱歌"sing,Tina 作主语，谓语动词用三单形式；“比.⋯⋯声音大"more loudly than.
故填 Tina sings more loudly than Tara.
23.我比我哥哥更加外向。
答案：Immore outgoing than my brother.
解析：I“我”,作主语，be 动词用 am: more outgoing“更外向”;than“比”;mybrother我的 哥
哥",故填I'mmore outgoing than my brother
24.你认为这个脱口秀怎么样?
答案：What do you think ofthis talk show?
解析：分析句子可知，句子为特殊疑问句，你：you,做主语；认为⋯怎么样：What...think of;
这个：this;脱口秀：talk show;主语为 you,因此助动词用 do。故填 What do youthink of this
talk show?
25.如果他去参加派对，他将会玩得很开心。
答案：Ifhe goes to the party, he will have a great time have fum
解析：结合汉语分析句子可知，本句为 if 引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的原则，即主句使
用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时；if“如果”,连词：he“他”,人称代词主格作 主语，谓语动词
使用第三人称单数形式； go to the party“去参加派对”,go的第三人称单数是 goes; will“将”,助动词，
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其后接动词原形；have a geat time have fun“玩得开心”。故填 Ifhe goes to the party, he will have a great
time have fun
26.他一周锻炼两次。
答案：He exercises twice a week He does spozts twice a week.
解析：他：he;锻炼：exercise do sports;一周两次：twice a week。结合语境，此题为一般 现
在时，主语he是第三人称单数，谓语助词用三单形式，即excises does sports.故填 He
exercises twice a week. He does sports twice a week
27.去年她打算买一个带有游泳池的房子。
答案：Last year, she planned to buy a house with a swimming pool She planned to buy a house
with a swimming pool last year
解析：去年：last year,句子用一般过去时，打算做某事：plan to do sth;买：buy;一个带
有游泳池的房子：a house with a swimming pool。故填 Last year, she planned to buy a house with a
swimming pool She planned to buy a house with a swimming pool last year。
28.昨天下午 4点钟你妹妹在干什么?
答案：What was your sister doing at four yesterday aftemoon?
解析：根据中文提示可知，句子时态是过去进行时，其结构是was were+doing;你妹妹：you sister;
昨天下午4点钟：at fouryesterday aftemoon;什么:what。故填What was your sister doing at four yesterday
aftemoon?
29.在潍坊，春季和夏季时不时地有暴风雨。(from⋯to)
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事
答案：There are stoms from time to time in spring and summer in Weifang.
解析：根据中文提示可知，本句可用 there be句型，stoms作主语，描述客观事实，时态用
一般现在时，be用are: from time to time“时不时”:in spring and summer春季和夏季”;in
Weifang“在潍坊”,作地点状语。故填 There are stonns from time to time in spring and summer in
Weifang
30. 哪家服装店是镇上最差的?
答案：Which is the worst clothes store in town?
解析：根据汉语提示，“服装店”的英文表达是“clothes store”,“最差的英文表达是the worst”,“镇上”
英文表达是“in town”.故填Which is the worst clothes store in town?
31.我们国家今后将会有更多的树木，更少的污染。
答案：There will be more trees and less pollution in our country in the future.
解析：根据句意可知，此处是 There be的一般将来时结构：There will be; more trees“更多的 树”;
and和”;less pollution“更少的污染”; in our courtry“在我们的国家”; in the futare“今后”。故
填 There will be more trees and less pollution in our courtry in the future.
32. Jack 比他妹妹外向。
答案：Jack is more outgoing than his sister.
解析：根据题干，可知考查：more outgoing than比⋯⋯更外向。由语境可知时态是一般现 在
时，主语 Jack是单数，因此 be 动词用 is。故答案为：Jackis more outgoing than his sister.
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33.为什么绿色世界公园是最拥挤的地方?
答案：Why is Green World Park the most crowded place?
解析：why“为什么”; Green World Park绿色世界公园”;主语是单数，时态是一般现在时，此
处应用be 动词 is: the most crowded“最拥挤的：place“地方”。故填 Why is Green Wald Park the
most crowded place?
34.Linda比她的姐姐更外向
答案：Linda is more outgoing than her sister
解析：该句为系表结构。外向：outgoing,为形容词，其比较级为more outgoing;比：than,后
接比较对象；她的姐姐：her sister.故填Inda is more outgoing than her sister.
35.我和我朋友一样友好，
答案：I am as frendly as my fnend.
解析：as...as“和⋯一样”;friendly“友好的”;my frend我的朋友”,故填I am as friendly as my
fnend.
36. Tina 跑得比 Tara快。
答案：Tina nuns faster than Tara.
解析：句子用一般现在时，主语是 Tin2,谓语动词用单三runs;比：than,故用副词的比较 级
faster 修饰动词。故填 Tina nms faster than Tara.
37.我们学校是唐河最好的学校。
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y
答案：Our school is the best in Tanghe.
解析：根据题干语境可知.本句可用一般现在时。Our school“我们学校”,为单数，系动词 用 is;
the best“最好的”;Tanghe“唐河”,为地点，前面应用地点介词 in。故填 Our schoolis the best in Tanghe.
38.她长大想当一名教师。(grow up)
答案：When she grows up,she wants to be a teacher.
解析：根据中文提示可知，本句可用 when“当⋯⋯时候”引导时间状语从句，时态为一般
现 在时；she“她”,作主语：gows up“长大”,作从句谓语：warts“想”,作主句谓语；to be
a teacher“成为一名老师”,作宾语。故填 When she grows up,she wants to be a teacher.
39.如果你有空，请给我打电话。
答案：Ifyou are free, please call me
解析：if如果”; be fee“有空”; please“请”; call me给我打电话”。if引导的条件句，主句 是
祈使句，从句用一般现在时，从句主语是you“你”,be用 are。故填 Ifyou are free,please call me.
40.这家服装店是镇上最受欢迎的。
答案：This clothing store is the most popular in town.
解析：this“这个”;clothing store“服装店”; the most popular“最受欢迎的”;in town“在镇上”。句子是
一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词用 is。故填 This clothing store is the most popular in town.
41.昨天老师进来的时候，他正在唱歌。(when)
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答案：He was singing when the teacher came in yesterday
解析：昨天：yesterday:当⋯⋯时候：when;老师：teacher;进来：come in:唱款：sing。结
合语境可知，本句为含时间状语从句的复合句，从句使用一般过去时，主句使用过去进行时，
主句：He was singing:从句：when the teacher came in yesterday,故填He was singing when the teacher
came in yesterday.
42.为了当一名医生，他努力学习。(in order to)
答案：He studes very hard in order to become be a doctor/In order to become be a doctor, he
studies very hard
解析：分析句子可知，句子是陈述句，时态是一般现在时，为了：in order to;当一名医生：
become be a doctor;他：He,作主语：学习：study,谓语动词用第三人称单数 studies:努 力：
hard,副词修饰动词。故填 He studies very hard in order to become be a doctor In order to
become be a doctor, he studies very hard.
43如果我不完成作业，我的老师会生我的气。
答案：IfI don't finish my homework,my teacher will be angy with me
解析：句子是 if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，主句用一般将来时 will do,生某人
的气：be angy with sb.,我的老师：my teacher;从句用一般现在时，主语是1,变否定句时 借
助助动词 don't,后加动词原形 finish,我的作业：my homewozk。故填IfI don't finish my
homework,my teacher will be angry with me.
44.老舍茶馆热情欢迎来自世界各地的人们。
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市
答案：Lao She Teahouse gives a wam welcome to everyone from all over the world.
解析：分析句子可知，本句指的是一般事实情况，用一般现在时。老舍茶馆：Lao She Teahouse,名词作主语：
热情欢迎：give a wam welcome to sb,动词短语作谓语；世界各地：all over the
world,作状语。故填：Lao She Teahouse gives a wam welcome to everyone from all over the world
45. Tom 比他妹妹外向。
答案：Tom is more outgoing than his sister.
解析：句子用一般现在时，主语是 Tom, be动词用 is:比：than,此处用形容词的比较级mcre
outgoing; 他妹妹：his sister。故填 Tom is more outgoing than his sister.
46.如果你去了派对，你将会玩得很开心。
答案：Ifyou go to the party, you'll have a good time
解析：如果：if:你：you;去了派对：go to theparty:将会：will:玩得开心：have agood time.此处是 if引
导的条件状语从句，应该遵循“主将从现”的原则。故填Ifyou go to the party you'll have a good time.
47.很小的时候，他就展现出超凡的智慧和艺术才能。(early age)
答案：From an early age,he showed great nteligence and artistic ability.
解析：很小的时候：froman early age,他：he,展现出：show,描述过去的事情，动词用 过去式，
超凡的智慧和艺术才能：great inteligence and aristic abihity,作宾语，故填From an early age, he showed
great intelligence and artistic ability.
48.你会很快遗忘某些东西，除非你充分理解了它。(umless)
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答案；You will forget something very quickly unless you understand it well
解析：unless“除非”,引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
you“你"; forget忘记”; something“某些东西”;very quickly“很快”,副词修饰 动词：understand理解：
well“好，全部地”,修饰动词。故填You will forget something very quckly unless you undetstand itwell.
49.他没有意识到危险。
答案：He was unaware ofthe danger.
解析：分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时。he“他”,作主语；be unaware of没有意识到”,
因为是一般过去时，且主语he为第三人称单数，be用was; danger“危险”。故填He was unaware ofthe danger.
50.计算机能以比我们更快的速度计算，而且几乎从不出错。(almost.)
答案：Computers can calculate faster than us and almost never make mistakes.
解析：计算机：computers;能：can,其后加动词原形：计算：calculate;此处用副词的比 较级 faster;
比：than;我们：us;而且：and;几乎：almost;从不：never,放谓语之前；出错：make mistakes。
故填 Computers can calculate faster than us and almost never make
mistakes,
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畅书”
2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列05:局部翻译
教师版
一、新题型核心特点
「局部翻译」定义
不要求完整翻译整个句子段落，而是聚焦关键语法点、高频短语或文化负载词的精准转换可能以「
挖空填充」或「划线部分指定翻译」形式出现。
命题方向变化
更强调语境理解：需根据上下文选择恰当译法(如多义词的语境化处理)
跨文化交际倾向：增加中国特色表达(如“双减政策”“新质生产力”)的等效翻译
二、高频考查维度与破解技巧
维度1:语法结构局部转换
考查重点 解题策略
2025新题示例(模拟)
虚拟语气 判断隐含假设条件
非谓语动词 区分不定式/分词动名词功能
如果我是你，我会立刻道歉。
→If I were you, I would apologize at once.
看到老师进来，学生们停止了说话。
→ Seeing the teacher enter, the students stopped
talking.
?维度2:文化特色词精准对应
中文表达
翻译要点
"直播带货 直译+注释：livestream sales(selling goods via live
video)
"内卷"
借用国际通用词：involution 或意译 intense
competition
? 维度3:动态词义选择
例：“影响”在不同语境下的译法
社交媒体影响了青少年的心理健康。
→ Social media affects teenagers'mental health.(中性影响)
得分关键
避免字面翻译如"live
broadcast sell goods"
需在段落中根据语境选择
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他的演讲深深影响了听众。
→His speech profoundly influenced the audience.(积极影响)
三、2025新题型模拟训练
题型A:划线部分指定翻译
原句：
The government has implemented the "double reduction" policy to ease the burden on students.
任务：将划线部分译为中文
答案：减轻学生负担
题型B:文化词补全翻译
原文：
近年来，越来越多的中国人开始尝试____(汉服文化)。
备选译法：
a)Hanfu culture
b) traditional Han clothing culture
最佳答案：a(更简洁且国际通用)
四、备考升级建议
关注政策热词，建立「中国特色表达术语库」,例如：
碳中和 carbon neutrality
乡村振兴rural revitalization
训练「一词多境」反应能力
例：“坚持”的译法选择：
坚持原则adhere to principles
坚持锻炼persist in exercising
五、汉译英存在的主要问题
(1)时态、语态不对
(2)句子结构不完整：缺主语、缺谓语、动词堆砌
(3) 中文式语序：时间、地点等状语按中文习惯放在动词之前
(4)动词直接做主语、表语、宾语
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(5)固定短语、固定句型没有掌握好
六、汉译英：诊断、改错
(1)他生于1955年，在山东的一个小村庄长大。
He bom in 1955, in Shandong a small illage grow up
--
Bomin 1955, he grew up in a small vilage in Shandong
(2)我非常喜欢看电视。
I very hke watch TV.
⋯> Ilike watching TV very much
(3)玩太多的电游对你的眼睛有害。
Play too much computer games is bad for your eyes.
--->Playing too many computer games is bad for your eyes.
(4)最主要的事情是平衡好学业和兼职工作。
The most important thing is balance schoolwork and part-time jobs.
->
The most important thing is to balance schoolwork and part-time jobs.
(5)每当我参加聚会，我的朋友就鼓励我唱歌。
When Itake part in the party,my friends encourage me sing.
Whenever I go to a paty,my friends encourage me to sing.
七、局部翻译专练
答案；
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1. looking forward to
2.be afraid of
3.around the world
4. less pollution
5. when they won
6.laugh at make fin of
7.at least
8. is famous for
9.the nicher
10.before the papers are handed out
11.pulled together
12.at the end of
13 be responsible for
14.as tall as
15. didn’'t show up appear
16.by accident charce
17.sold out
18.be strict with
19.more and more beaurtiful
20.as soon as
21. took off
22. In a word All in all
23.better at
24.the greatest scientists
25.such an honest boy that so honest a boy that
26. playing the piano
27.in person
28. is very patent with
29. the farthest place
30.unless his mother tells him a story/tells a story to him
31.takes up
32.on his/the way
33. allows me to watch
34.is similar to
35.more carefuly
36.on show/display
37.worked out
38.rich in
39.not to swim
40. give me a lift
41.goes for a wak/takes a walk
42.Thanks to
43.be thankful to
44.invited me to join
45.Who came up with
46.did well in
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47.To my surprise
48.showing me around
49.was full of was filled with
50.Remember to tum off
51.reached no agreemert
52.out ofbreath
53.is bom with
54.regretted hanging out
55.don't compare him with
56.written down
57.on the phone
58.have made lots of foreign friends
59.will be punished
60. There is not isn't
61.readng newspapers
62.in silence
63. How sweet
64.hasn't finished his homework
65.was invented
66.rode a bicycle/bike
67.along the river
68.should be allowed to choose
69.is(much)too small
70. is waiting for
71.Tum left
72.are friendly to
73.make good use of time
74.won't change my mind
75. was cancelled
76.would attend the meeting
77.are proud oftake pride in
78.made a mess
79.will be taken down
80.As long as
第111页，共143页
2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列06:整句翻译
教师版
第一部分
一、基础句型翻译
原句：政府应采取措施减少空气污染。
参考雷译：The government should take measures to reduce air pollution
考点：让步状语从句(Although)与时间状语(until)的衔接。
原句：你借给我的那本书很有趣。
参考雷翻译：The book that you lent meis very interesting.
考点：定语从句(that 引导)的简化处理。
考点：情态动词should的译法，不定式to reduce作目的状语。
原句：如果明天下雨，我们的野餐将被取消。
参考智译：Ifit rains tomorrow,our picnic will be canceled.
考点：条件状语从句一被动语态(will be canceled)。
二、复合句翻译
原句：尽管他很累，但他仍工作到午夜。
参考雷翻译：AlIthough he was tired,he continued working until midnight.
三、文化特色表达
原句：在中国文化中，龙象征权力与好运。
参考翻译：In Chinese cufture, the dragon symbolizes power and good luck.
考点：专有名词(Chinese culture)与文化负载词的准确传递。
原句：人们常说“熟能生巧”以鼓励勤奋。
参考翻译：People often say "Practice makes perfect"to encourage diligence.
考点：谚语的翻译与句子逻辑重组。
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四、高频易错题解析
原句：这些药本可以治愈病人，但他未遵医嘱服药。
参考翻译：The pills could have cured the patient, but he didnt follow the doctor's advice.
注意：虚拟语气(could have done)的隐含遗憾意味。
原句：你真好，给了我这么多帮助。
参考翻译：It is really kind of you to give me so much help.
陷阱：固定句式(It is kind of sb. to do)的汉语习惯表达。
第二部分
一、基础句型翻译
原句：到2030年，可再生能源将占上海电力供应的40??
译文：By 2030.renewable energy will ccount for 40? Shanghai's power supply.
考点：将来时被动语态(will account for)+数据准确表达。
原句：人工智能助手通过智能手表提醒用户按时服药。
译文：The Al assistant reminds users to take medicine on time through smart watches.
考点：倒装结构(Not ony...ut also...)的汉语语序调整
考点：方式状语(through)的位置处理。
二、复合句翻译
原句：科学家宣称，这种比钢材更轻的新材料可能彻底改变建筑业。
译文：Scientists claim that this new material, which is lighter than steel, could revolutionize construction
考点：非限定性定语从句(which)的拆分译法.
原句：该系统不仅能检测泄漏，还会自动关闭阀门。
译文：Not only does the system detect leaks, but it also automatically shuts offvalves.
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三、文化传播题
原句：旗袍以其高领和精美刺绣，体现了中国美学的典雅。
译文：The cheongsam,with its high collar and deficate embroiderv.embodies the elegance of Chinese aesthetics.
考点：文化专有名词(cheongsam)保留+伴随状语处理
原句：每张脸谱都蕴含特定寓意的京剧传统纹样，现正被数字化保存。
译文：Traditional Peking Opera facial patterns, each carrying specific meanings,are now being digitized for
preservation.
考点：插入语(each carrying...)转换为分句
四、易错强化训练
易错句：演讲刚开始直播就中断了
正确译：Hardly had the speech begun when the live stream was interrupted
典型错误：误译否定结构(Hardly..when⋯→”一.⋯.就⋯")
易错句：正是在这个实验室里，上个月取得了突破.
正确译：It is in this lab that the breakthrough was made last month.
典型错误：忽略强调句结构(It is..that..)
第三部分
整句翻译基础专练
【答案】
1. It's necessary to help students(to)learn know about traditional Chinese art.
2.What a friendly teacher he is.
3.My mother tells told us not to pick flowers.
4.It took him several/a few weeks to finish the task.
5.How fresh these oranges areWhat fresh oranges they are.
6.My father is a person that/who can make others happy.
7.How useful the information is What useful infomation it is.
8.Youd better encourage your child to form develop a good reading habit.
9.Work hard, and your dream will come true.
10.It is said that we will hold a great big party after the exam.
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?
11.Dont eat too so much meat.
12.My cousin spends two hours(in )learning Beijing Opera every week.
13.Neither he nor I have been to Shanghai before.
14.Please stay keep away from that tall building
15.He didn't realize today was his birthday until he saw the birthday cake
16.There is was something wrong with this bike bicycle.
17.Is she famous for this movie?
18.I was reading a newspaper newspapers when you called me last night.
19.I had no choice but to wait at that time at that moment.
20.There used to be a small river in the village.
21.No matter what Whatever you do, you have to follow the rules.
22.I find it hard dficult to remember allthe new wordsI find(that)it is hard difficult to remember all the new
words.
23.How long have you kept this magazine.
24.He spoke so fast that he could not express his ideas clearly.
25.It This is her first time to cook(a meal).
26.Rome wasn't built in a day.
27.You won't make any simple mistakes if you are careful enough
28.He is old enough to take care of look after himself.
29.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
30.When we have different ideas, we should understand each other.
31.He is much braver than before.
32.Practice makes perfect.
33.Could you please bring the book to him
34.The moreIlook at the picture, the more I like it.
35.The teacher asked me ifwhether I could translate the sentence into English.
36.Would you mind helping me(to)clean the room
37.This book is not as interesting as the one you lent me.
38.I wonder where we will meet tomorow.
39.Where there is a will there is a way.
40.She is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
41.I think(that) we all should protect animals.
42.My grandparents are used to living in the countryside.
43.He speaks English more and more fluently.
44.I find it very important to make plans.
45.Have you ever travelled along the Silk Road.
46.How wellJack plays the piano.
47.I have been to Da Lian twice.
48.More and more libraries will be built in poor areas.
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综合提高练习
1.这个实验证明了”失败是成功之母”的道理。
【答案】This experiment proved the truth that "Failure is the mother of success".
2.志愿者们无私奉献的精神感动了整个社区。
【答案】The volunteers' selfless dedication moved the entire community.
3.端午节吃粽子是为了纪念屈原这位爱国诗人。
【答案】Eating zongzi during Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan
4.老师建议我们每天朗读15分钟来提高语感。
【答案】The teacher suggested we read aloud for 15minutes daily to develop language sense.
5.上海博物馆的青铜器展览值得一看。
【答案】The bronze ware exhibition in Shanghai Museum is worth seeing.
6.京剧脸谱的颜色象征不同人物性格。
【答案】The colors of Peking Opera masks symbolize different character traits.
7.这个APP能实时监测空气质量指数。
【答案】This APP can monitor the AQI in real time.
8.苏州园林的巧妙设计体现了"天人合一的理念。
【答案】The ingenious design of Suzhou gardens reflects the "harmony between man and nature"philosophy.
9.新能源汽车的普及有助于减少碳排放。
【答案】The popularity of new energy vehicles helps reduce carbon emissions.
10.她坚持每天背20个单词，三个月后词汇量显著增加
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【答案】She insisted on memorizing 20 words daily, and her vocabulary improved significantly in 3months.
11.重阳节登高的习俗始于东汉时期。
【答案】The tradition of mountain climbing on Chongyang Festival dates back to the Eastern Han Dynasty.
12.这款机器人能完成精确到0.1毫米的手术
【答案】This robot can perfom surgeries with 0.1mm precision.
13.”读万卷书不如行万里路”说明实践的重要性。
【答案】"Traveling ten thousand miles is better than reading ten thousand books" shows the importance of
practice.
14.社区食堂为独居老人提供平价餐食。
【答案】The community canteen offers affordable meals for seniors living alone.
15.敦煌莫高窟的壁画需要特殊温湿度保护。
【答案】The murals in Dunhuang Mogao Caves require special temperature and humidity control.
16.人工智能绘画的版权问题引发法律界讨论。
【答案】The copyright issues ofAI-generated art have sparked debates in legal circles.
17.豫园九曲桥的设计暗含”曲径通幽”的哲学。
【答案】The design of Yuyuan Garden's Zigzag Bridge embodies the philosophy of"winding paths leading to
seclusion”.
18.这款智能手环能预警80??心律异常情况。
【答案】This smart bracelet can predict 80of cardiac arrhythmia cases.
19.长三角生态绿色一体化示范区成效显著
【答案】The Yangtze River Delta Eco-Green Integration Pilot Zone has achieved remarkable results.
20."己所不欲勿施于人"是儒家思想的核心原则。
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【答案】"Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself" is a core Confucian principle.
21.上海天文馆的沉浸式展览让人仿佛置身太空。
【答案】The immersive exhibition in Shanghai Planetarium makes visitors feel like being in space.
22.垃圾分类已成为上海市民的日常习惯。
【答案】Waste sorting has become a daily routine for Shanghai residents.
23.越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》在海外广受好评。
【答案】The Yue Opera"Butterfly Lovers" has been well received overseas.
24.自动驾驶汽车在临港新片区进行路测。
【答案】Self-dniving cars are being road-tested in Lingang New Area.
25.中医认为”冬病夏治效果最佳。
【答案】Traditional Chinese medicine believes "treating winter diseases in summer" is most effective.
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2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列07:否定转移&语篇翻译
教师版
第一部分
一、否定转移
否定转移是英语语法中的特殊现象，指形式上否定主句谓语，实际否定从句或其他成分。中考翻译中需
特别注意以下类型：
1.动词think/believe等后的宾语从句否定转移
结构：主句否定(I don't think)+从句肯定(he will come)
例句：I dont believe she understands the rules.
译文：我认为她并不理解规则。
2.系动词 seem/appear后的否定转移
结构：主句否定(It doesn't seem)+从句肯定(they know)
例句：It doesn't appear that we need more time.
译文：看来我们不需要更多时间
3.状语或从句的否定转移
结构：否定状语(not because)或时间状语(not many weeks)
例句：He didn't speak loudly because he was angry.
译文：他大声说话并非因为生气。
4.含隐性否定逻辑的连词(too...to,rather than等)
结构：通过连词表达否定含义
例句：She would rather stay than go with him.
译文：她宁愿留下也不愿跟他走。
二、否定转移的翻译
例句1:我认为他不可能通过这次考试，
译文：I don't think he can pass the exam
例句2:我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。
第119页，共143页
译文：I don't belheve that he can speak to the old so impoltely.
解题策略：当主句部分是“I don't think”,“I don't believe”,"I don't suppose”等结构时，翻译成汉语
时，要注意否定转移。
第二部分
语篇翻译例题与教学指导
例题1(校园生活类)
原文：
"The Fun Club, where students learn cooking skills through interactive games, has become the most popular
extracurricular activity this semester.As one member said, It turns dull recipes into exciting challenges."
例题2(社会文化类)
参考译文：上海推行的15分钟社区生活圈计划确保居民步行15分钟内获取日常所需，体现了城市规划
者以人为本的理念。
教学要点：
专有名词统一译法："15-minute Community Life Circle"固定译名
现在分词转换："reflecting...译为独立短句
例题3(科技环保类)
原文：Scientists warn that unless global carbon emissions peak by 2025,the 1.5℃ temperature control target set
参考译文：本学期，通过互动游戏教授烹饪技巧的趣味俱乐部已成为最受欢迎的课外活动。正如一名成
定语从句处理："where...转换为中文前置定语。
引语灵活转译：直接引语改为冒号引导的间接叙述。
原文：Shanghai's 5-minute Community Life Circle' initiative ensures residents access daily necessities within a
员所说：它把枯燥的菜谱变成了激动人心的挑战。
quarter-hour walk,reflecting urban planners' people-oriented philosophy.
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教学要点：
in the Paris Agreement will be unattainable.
参考译文：科学家警告，除非全球碳排放量在2025年前达到峰值，否则《巴黎协定》设定的1.5摄氏度
温控目标将无法实现。
教学要点：
条件状语从句显性化："unles..".译为"除非.⋯否则"结构
被动语态转换："will be unattainable"主动式表达
第三部分
语篇翻译专练
Passage 1
Some people have to use public transport. Some dislike it and still some use it.
5.When you are on a London train, you will find that the train has comfortable tables and seats where
people can sitThey also provide food services and power plugs(电源插头)for personal computers or
mobile phones.
1.If everyone has a car and drives anywhere they want to go, there will be serious traffic problems on
British people use trains a lot. 2.This is especially so for people who are travelling from London to
This is because people have to drive cars or buses very carefully and slowly for many reasons, such as
Besides, Londoners think taking a train is one of the safest ways of travelling on the ground 4.火
What's more, trains in Britain are comfortable and provide fine services for their users.
the road.Luckily, trains are a good form ofpublic transport.
Paris. Every day about 20 trains leave London. They travel at a very high speed and people feel glad that
speed limits and traffic jams. However, when you are travelling by train, the speed is almost the same and
车在制造过程中进行了相当多的质量测试。More importantly, they will take many safety checks
the trains take only 2 hours and 30 minutes to reach Paris. 3.坐火车比乘公共汽车或汽车快得多。
there is no traffic jam for a train
before they are used on the rail track.
1.
2.
3._
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国人经常使用火车作为他们的交通工具，
因为他们认为火车是最安全的陆上交通，而且伦敦的火车提供了非常舒服的座位和优质的服务。
4. ______—
5._ ⋯⋯⋯______
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1.如果每个人都有一辆车，并且开车他们想去的任何地方，道路上就会出现严重的交通问题。
【解析】这是一个条件状语从句，主句是there will be serious traffic problems on the road”,从句是"If
everyone has a car and drives anywhere they want to go”,遵循“主将从现”原则。
2.对于从伦敦到巴黎旅行的人来说尤其如此.【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是
people,后面由who引导定语从句。
3.It's much faster to travel by train than by bus or by car.
【解析】本句是一个固定句型“it's+adj.+ to do sth.”。句中涉及比较级需用than;比⋯⋯快：faster。
4.Trains take quite a number ofquality tests while they are made.
【解析】这是一个由while引导的时间状语从句。主句中 Trains”为主语，"take”为句子的谓语动词，“quite
a number of"作定语修饰“quality tests”,while 引导从句。
5.当你在伦敦火车上时，你会发现火车上有舒适的桌子和座位，人们可以坐在那里。
【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的时间状语从句。从句是"When you are on a London train"主句
是“you will find that the train has comfortable tables and seats where people can sit”;在主句中又含有一
个定语从句，先行词是 tables and seats,后面由 where引导定语从句。
Passage 2
Each culture has its own taboos(禁忌) Wherever you travel, never offend(冒犯)the local people.
In France, you must speak French. Don't expect to communicate by speaking English.
1.法国人以他们的语言为荣。They don't like speaking another language instead of French at
home. Don't rush while eating. 2.Ifvou eat your food quickiy. French people will think you are impolite.
The French also take great pride in their food, so enjoy what you eat.
3.众所周知，法国午餐要持续三个小时!
In Russia, you should leave home without a credit card: you probably won't find any places where
you can use your credit card. Cash is the king. 4.If you bring someone flowers,you should make sure the
bouquets(花束)have an odd(奇数的)number. Even(偶数的)numbered bouquets are prepared for
dead people.
In India, don't complain about the food.You can just leave the food that you dislike, but don't offend
the people who serve you food.5.Also people usually don't talk while eating in India.
1.
4._
2.
3.__
第122页，共143页
胡
r
5.___________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在法国、俄罗斯和印度这三个国家的文化禁忌。
1.The French are proud oftheir language.【解析】这是一个简单句。以⋯⋯为荣：be proud of.
2.如果你吃得快，法国人会认为你不礼貌。【解析】这是一个条件状语从句，主句是"French people
will think you are impolite”,从句是"Ifyou eat your food quickly".
3. French lunches are known to last for three hours long!【解析】这是一个含有固定搭配的简单句。
众所周知：be known to..;持续：last for.
4.如果你给别人送花，你应该确保花束是奇数。【解析】这是一个条件状语从句，主句是“you should
make sure the bouquets(花束)have an odd(奇数的)number."从句是"Ifyou bring someone flowers”
make sure确保。
5.此外，在印度，人们吃饭时通常不说话【解析】这是一个while引导的时间状语从句。
Passage 3
Every year on 15th October,over 200 million people around the world take part in Global
Handwashing Day. 1.But why do we have a day for something we do all the time? Well, research shows
that not enough people often wash their hands with soap.2.Experts believe that this leads to the deaths of
millions of people every vear.
Sidibe, a public health expert says soap is 'the most beautiful invention in public healt'.3.用肥皂洗你
的手可以减少疾病的传播。
However, washing hands with soap does not happen as often as you might think. This is partly
because there aren't enough resources(资源)in poorer countries, but it's also because for many people,
handwashing is simply not part of their everyday life.4.要让人们改变他们小时候学到的习惯是不容
易的。But this is what Global Handwashing Day wants to do.
In 2008, the Indian cricket team joined around 100 million Indian schoolchildren in washing their
hands to promote(促进)the first ever Global Handwashing Day. Every year since then,many different
events have been held around the world. In 2014,Global Handwashing Day was used in the fight
against Ebola, a very serious disease, with events held in affected(受感染的)African countries.
5.Today,local and national leaders continue to use the day to spread the importance of cleaning hands.
The hope is that handwashing becomes a necessary part of people's lives and improves the health of
millions around the world.
1.
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【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文.主要介绍了每年十月十五日是洗手日。进而介绍了用肥皂
洗手的重要性，让更多的人学会用肥皂洗手。
1.但是为什么我们用一天的时间去做我们一直在做的事情呢?【解析】这是一个定语 从句，先
行词为 something,后面的句子“we do all the time”为省略了 that 的从句。
2.专家认为，这导致每年数百万人死亡。【解析】这是一个宾语从句。"that this leads to the deaths of
millions of people every year."作谓语动词 believe 的宾语。
3.Washing your hands with soap can reduce the spreading of diseases.【解析】这是一个简单句，非谓
语动词做主语。减少：reduce,疾病的传播：the spreading of diseases.
4.It's not easy for people to change habits they learned in early childhood.【解析】这是一个固定句型“it's
+ acj.+ to do sth”。小时候：in early childhood;习惯：habits.
5.今天，地方和国家领导人继续利用这一天来宣传洗手的重要性。【解析】这是一个简单句。主语为
:local and national leaders;谓语为：use;宾语为：the day,宾语补足语为：to spread the importance
of cleaning hands。local:当地的。
Passage 4
If you plan to travel,please think about Todmorden.A small town in England is teaching the world
how important it is to grow your own food1.任何空地都用来种植水果和蔬菜。There are apples,
pears, peaches here and there. Everyone can pick them for free.
Eight years ago,a woman named Pam in Todmorden dug up her rose garden.She planted
vegetables, knocked down the garden wall, and put up a sign saying, "Help yourself!"Today, Pam has
completely changed the town.2.A new town has been bom,which is called “Edible(可食用的)
Todmorden”.
Pam explained why she came up with the popular idea.“It's possible and positive.3.Many people
know we have to change,but how to do that is a question.”
So one day, she gathered(聚集)all the villagers together.4.他们决定立刻做些不同的事。They did
it.Only a short time later,Todmorden became a big garden full of fruit and vegetables.In Todmorden, there is
a saying: Ifyou want to eat, you're in.
2.___________
3.______
4._________
5.___________
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整Y%4
But that's not all.There are more than 700 edible towns appearing around the worild,from Canada
to Mali.5.People change the way they think about food and protect the environment at the same time.
1._
2._
3.
4._
5.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个能吃的小镇——“托德莫登”。它是由 Pam 女士
发起并建立，并且以“你想吃，你就进”作为座右铭。这不仅对世界各 地起到了积极的带头作用，
而且对保护环境也是意义非凡。
1.Any open space is used to grow fruit and vegetables.【解析】这是一个简单句。被用来做某事：be
used to do sth.
2.一个新的城镇诞生了，叫做“可食用的Todmorden”。【解析】这是一个定语从句，先行词为town,
后面是which引导的定语从句。
3.许多人知道我们必须改变，但如何改变是一个问题。【解析】这是一个宾语从句，主语：many people
谓语know;宾语we have to change.句子的后半部分是but 连接的一个简单句，表示转折。
4.They decided to do something different at once.【解析】这是一个简单句。决定decide to不同的different
立即at once.
5.人们改变了对食物的看法，同时也保护了环境。【解析】这是由并列连词and连接起来的两个句子
。第一个句子是定语从句，先行词为way,后面是省略了that的一个定语从句。think about 考虑；
protect保护。
Passage 5
Now, we know that if we do not get enough vitamins,we are at risk of developing a number of
diseases. 1.As a result, vitamin supplements(补品)are popular with people who worry that they are not
getting enough vitamins from the food. But medical experts have found small amount of them do nothing
to improve health or protect against diseases.
In fact, medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful. For example,
too much vitamin E can cause bleeding. 2.People should discuss what vitamins they take with their
doctors.As some vitamins can produce harmful side effects(副作用)when mixed with medicine.
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Experts, however,say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent diseases. 3.知道自己缺乏一种
特殊维生素的人应该服用维生素补品。Some older adults, for example, may not have enough
vitamin B-twelve. This is because, as people get older, the body loses its ability to take it from food.Also,
people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the body makes this vitamin from
sunlight.
4.不同的维生素被发现在不同的食物中。In fact, for most people, a balanced diet can reach
enough of the vitamins our bodies need. 5.So, it is important for us to eat a mixture of food every day to
make sure that we get enough vitamins.
1.
2._
3._
4.
5.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们是否需要吃维生素补品，以及在吃维生素补品
之前，应先咨询医生，也介绍了各种维生素分别存在于哪些食物中。
1.因此，维生素补品很受那些担心从食物中得不到足够的维生素的人们的欢迎。【解析】这是一
个含有宾语从句的定语从句。先行词为 people,后面是 who 引导的定语 从句。在定语从句
中，含有一个 that 引导的宾语从句，作谓语动词worry的宾语。
2.人们应该和他们的医生讨论吃什么维生素。【解析】这是一个宾语从句，主语为People;谓
语为 should discuss;宾语为what引导的从句。
3.People who know they are short of a special vitamin should take vitamin supplements.【解析】这
是一个定语从句，先行词为 people,后面是who 引导的一个定语从句。缺乏：be short of。
4.Different vitamins are found in different foods.【解析】这是一个简单句。被发现：be found.
5.因此，每天吃混合食物，以确保我们获得足够的维生素对我们来说很重要。【解析】这个句子前
半部分是句型“its+ adj.+ to do sth.”;后半部分是目的状语。make sure确保。
Passage 6
According to China Daily, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has carried out the experimental operation
of the driver-less minibus in Xuhui campus recently. 1.The report said that the eight seat bus was to be used
for campus service. Since May 2nd, the buses have safely transported more than 1,000 passengers at the
highest speed of 15 kilometers per hour..
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It was developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a company that researches the automatic(自
动的)driving system.2.Under the guidance of the cloud map, the bus can catch the passengers and take
them to the station they choose.Passengers need to pay by scanning the QR code(扫描二维码)on the bus.
3.徐汇校区内有四个站点。In the bus, passengers can use the touch screen or the voice system to change
the destination.
4.这辆公共汽车不仅在天气晴朗的时候运转良好。It even can normally work when it rains or
snows. What's more, it is also good for the environment. It uses electricity instead of oil The charging(充
电)of five to six hours will ensure(确保)a whole day's operation.
The driver-less bus will make our life more convenient and easier. 5.There is no doubt that they will
appear in more and more cities.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海交通大学徐汇校区试行无人驾 驶巴士这一消息
及无人巴士的运行模式。
1.报告说，八个座位的巴士将用于校园服务。【解析】这是一个宾语从句，主语为 report; 谓语为 said,
that 引导的句子作said 的宾语。be used for用于⋯⋯
2.在云地图的引导下，公共汽车可以接到乘客并把他们带到他们选择的车站。【解析】 guidance 引
导； cloud map云地图； take sb. to the station 带某人到某个车站。
3. There are four stops in the Xuhui campus.【解析】这是一个there be 句型。遵循主将从现原则。站
点：stop.
4.The bus not only works well on fine days【解析】work well:工作状况良好，晴朗的天气fine day.
5.毫无疑问，它们将在越来越多的城市出现。【解析】 no doubt 毫无疑问的；appear 出现；more
and more 越来越⋯⋯
Passage 7
Do you dream of growing up quickly so you can spend your own money? Do you want to make
some money by yourselves?
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Collect soft drink cans(罐).
1.你可以把饮料罐卖掉，用钱买一个新篮球上。
At the same time, you'll be keeping the environment clean!
Sell used books.
2. You may have some books that you have read but you don't want to keep.Then you can sell them
to make money.
Make cards.
3. If you are good at drawing, try making special cards for birthdays, either by hand or with a
computer. Your friends may want them for special days.4.如果你们双方都同意的话，你可以低价卖给
他们。
Be a teacher
Want to be a teacher in the future? Start practicing now. Are you good at math or reading, or playing
musical instruments?5.You can teach younger children how to get better grades or give them music
lessons.
What are you good at? What do you like to do? Make sure it s safe and legal(合法的)
1._
2.
3.
4.
5._
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文就如何自己挣钱提出了几点建议。
1.You can sell the cans and use the money for a new basketball.【解析】这是一个简单句，用钱买篮球：
use the money for a new basketball.
2.你可能有一些你读过的书，但你不想保留了。【解析】这是一个定语从句，先行词为 some books
后面为that引导的定语从句。
3.如果你擅长绘画，试着为生日制作特别卡片，无论是用手还是用电脑。【解析】本句为 if 引
导的条件状语从句.从句为“Ifyou are good at drawing";主句为“try making special cards for
birthdays, either by hand or with a computer.”。
4.You can sell them your cards at a low price ifboth of you agree.【解析】这是一个条件 状语从句，
遵循主将从现的原则。低价： at a low price.
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5.你可以教年幼的孩子如何取得更好的成绩或给他们上音乐课。【解析】这是一个含有宾语补足
语的简单句.主语为 you,谓语为 teach 和 give,宾语为 younger children,宾语补足语为“how
to get better grades”和“them music lessons”。
Passage 8
We often have practice for a fire at school, and we all know the danger of fires.1.因此，对于一个家
庭来说，学习如何为火灾做准备是很有必要的。Here are some suggestions.
Put a smoke alarm(警报)in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off.
2.The alarm makes a loud sound, which tells everyone to leave the house at once.
Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire,everyone follows
the plan to get out. 3.该计划的一部分是检查所有的窗口，以确保它们可以被轻松地打开。
Buy fire extinguishers(灭火器)and put them in the house. Everyone in the family should know
how to use them
Practice for a fire. 4.We do fire practice because we teach children some things about fire safety.
Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:
★Dont open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly ifyou open the door.
★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor
bec ause smoke rises.
★5.What will you do if vour hair or clothes start to bum? First, stop!Don't run!The fire burns faster
because of more air.Drop! Fall to the floor.Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out.
There are many possible causes for fires. Awise family is ready for a fire all the time.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了预防火灾的建议以及火灾发生时应 遵循的规则。
1. So it's necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire.【解析】本句是一个固定 句型“it's+
adj.+ for sb.to do sth.”;为火灾做准备：prepare for a fire.
2.警报发出响亮的声音，让每个人立刻离开房子。【解析】本句是一个定语从句。先行词为sound
,后面为 which 引导的定语从句。
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3.Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.【解析】本句是一个
简单句，属于主系表结构，“to make sure they can be opened easily”属于目的状语。检查：check;确
保：make sure。
4.我们做防火练习是因为我们教孩子一些关于消防安全的东西。【解析】本句是一个原因状语
从句。后面的从句"because we teach children some things about fire safety"表示原因。
5.如果你的头发或衣服开始燃烧，你会怎么做?【解析】这是一个条件状语从句，主句为“What
will you do”,从句为“if your hair or clothes start to bun”。
Passage 9
People can't see you when you're speaking on the phone, but they can hear you1.所以，你说话的
方式尤其重要。In fact, researchers have found that 80of communication over the phone is through
your tone(语气) ofvoice; and only 20°is from the words you use.2. Here are some tips on how to
speak over the phone.
Volume(音量)
3.If you speak too loudly, you could sound angry. And if you speak too softly, it'll be difficult to
hear you. So, speak loudly enough to be heard clearly, but not so loud that you're shouting.
Pace(步调)
4.试着说得比平时慢一点。This will make you sound confident, and irll make it easier for the
other person to understand you.
Movement
If you're feeling nervous, stand up and move around.5.It will reduce the nervousness in your body
and help your voice to sound more confident.
Pauses(停顿)
Using pauses every now and then can help you to slow down. This will make you sound more
confident and in control. Also, if you pause after giving some new information, it'll give the other person
time to understand it.
1.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文.文中提供了六条如何有效用电话沟通的建议。
2.
3._
4.____
5.______
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5
1.So, the way you speak is especially important.【解析】这是一个简单句，主语为 the way you speak;
表语为：important。尤其：especially.
2.这里有一些关于如何在电话里说话的建议。【解析】这个是由here 引导的倒装句， here 位于
句首时，后接名词时用倒装结构，how to speak是on的宾语；over the phone为介词短语，意为“通
过电话”。
3.如果你说话太大声，你可能听起来很生气.【解析】这是一个条件状语从句，主句 为：you could
sound angry,从句为：Ifyou speak too loudly.
4.Try speaking a little more slowly than normal.
【解析】这是一个含比较级的句子。更慢：more slowly.
5.它将减少你身体的紧张，有助于你的声音听起来更自信。【解析】这句是一个由 and连接两个简
单句组成的句子。reduce减少； confident自信。
Passage 10
Is there anything worse than that?You bravely raise your hand to answer a question, but your
teacher just point out that you're wrong.1.太遗憾了!What could the teacher make you suffer(忍受)this?
2.反而要放松并信任你的老师。Your teacher isn't calling you out to humiliate(使丢脸)you, but care
about you and your education. Having all your classmates come to know your weak points can be pretty
hard. 3. So how can you get past the shame and realize class participation(参与)as a learning chance?
Practice,practice,practice. TerillSchumaker, a teacher, explains that "the more you speak out, the
more you learn how to grow and build confidence. Then you can live an exciting life."
Realize it's not a big deal.It's not the end of the world. People aren’'t going to care all that much.4.
If Im wrong or make a stupid point, then people laugh at me, but life moves on."says Greade 12
Kristen Wesenberg. Besides, everybody makes mistakes,and you can't be perfect all the time.
Be brave in class. Of course it takes courage(勇气), but what's the point of living in fear?You won't
leam anything if you are not brave enough.
Use the experience as a learning tool. 5.Wesenberg advises asking teachers why you're wrong.They
can explain and you can leam. Use class time as mini-test. If you′re wrong now, at least you won't be
wrong in your next test!
1._
3.
2._
4.__
5.____
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【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了如何应对参与课堂的恐惧感。即在课堂上要勇敢
地面对自己的弱点和不足，并要用正确的心态来对待自己的错误。
1.What a shame!【解析】这是一个感叹句，结构为 what a shame(it is)!
2.Relax and trust your teacher instead.【解析】这是一个简单句。放松 relax;反而：instead.
3.那么,你如何才能克服这种耻辱，把课堂参与作为一个学习的机会呢?【解析】这是一个简
单句，主语为 you;谓语为 get past和 realize,宾语分别为 shame 和 class participation.
4.如果我错了或者说了一个愚蠢的观点，那么人们就会嘲笑我，但生活仍在继续。【解 析】这是一
个条件状语从句，主句为 then people laugh at me,从句为 IfI′m wrong or make a stupid point.
5. Wesenberg建议你问老师为什么错了。【解析】这是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的陈
述句，宾语补足语为 why you're wrong.
Passage ll
A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier.1.A confident man will try
his best to achieve his goal again and again rather than give up. In addition, a confident man usually brings
some positive(积极的)influence on the people in a team.
Confidence means that you believe you can make it. But how to be more confident? Here are some
suggestions:
Speak loud
2.You speak in a voice so low that other peopie can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that
people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.
Play sports
3.强壮的身体有助于你充满自信。Taking up a sports game, such as ball games, swimming,
hiking or any other exercise will bring you unexpected surprise.
Encourage yourself
You can encourage yourselfby writing down a list of things you did during the day and checking
later.
Pick up a hobby
4.如果你喜欢唱歌，尽可能多地唱歌。In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding.
And it will make you happy and confident.
Remember no one is perfect
Even the most confident people can not do everything well. At some point in any of our lives, we
may feel we are short of something. 5. So it is important for us to realize that we can not be perfect. We
are improving ourselves all the time, though.
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1.______________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自信在日常生活中对一个人是 非常重要的，自信
的人拥有更多的机会去获得成功。本文讲述了保持自信的原因，并 就如何让自己变得自信给出
了几点建议。
1.一个自信的人会一次又一次地努力实现他的目标，而不是放弃。【解析】本句中含有多个固定用
法。try one's best 尽某人最大的努力； achieve one's goal 实现某人的目标； again and again 一次又
一次； rather than而不是； give up 放弃。
2.你说话的声音太低了，别人几乎听不清你的声音。【解析】so..that.⋯如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯; hardly
几乎不。
3.A strong body helps you be fullof confidence.【解析】强壮的 strong;有助于 help(由于主语是a
strong body,故谓语动词用单三形式);充满 be full of.
4. If you like singing, sing as much as you can.【解析】尽可能多：as much as you can;为固定用法。
5.因此，我们必须认识到，我们不可能是完美的。【解析】本句是“it's+adj.+ to do sth.”句型，that 引
导的宾语从句作 realize的宾语。
Passage 12
Setting clear house rules makes it easier for your children to do well. There are some suggestions
for you.
Keep the list of rules simple
1.Avoid coming up with a long set of rules or trying to cover everything.Instead, keep the list short
and simple.2.你也应该解释每条规则的含义和惩罚。
Use positive language
3.Let your rules teach your kids what you want them to do, rather than what you don't want them to
do. For example: Instead of"Don't call other people's names.”,try “Be kind to others.”,Instead of "Don't
run in the house.”, try"Walk in the house.".
Let your kids help you write the rules
2.____
3.______
4.___________
5.____
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小学
初中
4.你对规则有一些清晰的想法。However, giving kids a chance to take part in writing a list of
rules is also important. Respecting your kids ideas will increase their willingness(乐意) to follow the
rules.
Mention your family rules often
5.Especially with your children, you should often review the rules. Repeating the rules will help your
kids remember them and use them in different situations.
1.
2._
4.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者给出了一些关于怎么制定家庭规则的建议，以及在使用这
些家庭规则时应该注意哪些方面。
1.避免提出一套很长的规则，或者试图掩盖一切。【解析】come up with 提出； set一套； cover遮
盖，掩盖。
2.You should also explain the meaning of each ruie and the punishments.【解析】解释：explain;含义
meaning;惩罚punishment。
3.让你的规则教会你的孩子，你想让他们做什么,而不是不想让他们做什么。【解析】这是一个简
单句。“what you want them to do, rather than what you don't want them to do”为句子的宾语补足语成
分。rather than而不是。
4.You have had some clear ideas about the rules.【解析】结合下文句意可知此处应该用 现在完成
时.清晰的：clear。
5.尤其是和你的孩子们，你应该经常复习规则。【解析】Especially 尤其；review 复习。
Passage 13
Some students say English is difficult, but I think it is very easy for me.1.我很高兴告诉你一些关
于我如何学习英语的事情。
First, I think interest for English is the most important thing in learning English. 2.When I began to
leam English, it was fresh for me. I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it. Soon we had an English
exam and I got very good grades. After that I learned English harder and harder.
Second, English is a foreign language, so I leamn it well in the following ways: Listen to the teacher
carefully, speak bravely,read aloud and remember vocabularies. Then practice again and again. And I
3._
5.___
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also have a good habit:3.Asking for help whenever I have a question, and I will try my best to understand
it well.
Besides, I often read English articles, jokes and easy novels.4.他们帮助我很好地理解了一些
词的含义。And I also write diaries in English every day. 5.I think it is very useful in improving my
English writing. English has become a close friend of mine.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5._
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学习英语的几种方法。主要包 括保持兴趣；仔细
听讲；大声读；勇敢说；记背词汇；多练习以及多读英文作品等。
1.I am very glad to tell you something about how I study English.【解析】这是一个很有宾语补足语的
简单句。主语为I,谓语为 tell,宾语为you, something about how I study English 为宾语补足语。
2.当我开始学英语时，它对我来说是新鲜的。【解析】这是一个时间状语从句，主句为“it was fresh
for me”,从句为“When I began to lean English”.
3.每当我有问题的时候，我都会寻求帮助，我会尽我最大的努力去理解它。【解析】这是一个时间状
语从句，主句为“asking for help”,从句为“whenever Ihave a question”。
4.They help me understand the meanings of some words well.【解析】理解：understand;⋯⋯的含义the
meanings of⋯⋯·
5.我认为这对提高我的英语写作很有帮助。【解析】这是一个“it's+ adj.+in doing sth.”句型。
Passage 14
During my sixth grade year, I had everything getting on well with me. I was the leader of the
students'union and two sports teams. I also had amazing grades and some great friends.
1.One day, my parents told me that my whole family was moving to Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚).I
was shocked then.Upon thinking ofit, I felt an ache in my heart. I was sure that leaving Virginia and starting
over in a new place would be the death of me. On the last day of school, I burst into tears.2.All the sweet
memories of my friends appeared in my mind. I felt sad to part with them and I would miss them soon.
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That summer in Pennsyvania, 3.我遇到了安娜，她是一个对我的生活影响很大的女孩。She
could hear my thought and truly understand me. But the friends in Virginia didn't even try to stay in touch
with me.4.我从来没有收到过他们中的任何人的消息。And I never wrote to them as well.Gradually,
I stopped missing them.Comparing with what Ive had now, the life in my old school seems to be nothing
important.5.I am happier than ever because I have more new good friends like Anna. Today I am glad that
I have made the change in my life because it has improved my life.
Maybe you don't want to change, but sometimes changes are for the better.
1._
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者最开始因为舍不得同学而不愿搬家，但搬家后学校生活的
变化，特别是这种变化对自己产生的有利影响，作者又很感谢这种变化。文章告诉我们：有时
候，变化是为了更好。
1.一天，我的父母告诉我我们将要举家迁往宾夕法尼亚。【解析】这是一个宾语从句，that 引导的句
子作told的宾语。
2.所有关于我朋友的美好回忆都浮现在我的脑海里。【解析】这是一个简单句。主语为memories谓
语为appeared;宾语为mind。appeared:出现；浮现。
3.I met Anna, she is a girl who influenced my life so much.【解析】根据翻译可知此处需 用到一个定
语从句，先行词为girl,表示人用who引导。影响：influence.由于是叙述过去的事情，故用一般
过去时。
4.I never heard from anyone of them【解析】这是一个简单句。从来没有：never;收到⋯⋯的消息：heard
from.
5.我比以往任何时候都更快乐，因为我有更多像安娜那样的新朋友。【解析】这是一个原因状语从
句。主句为Iam happier than ever,从句为 because I have more new good friends like Anna.happier
than ever:比以往都快乐。
Passage 15
2.___
3._____
4.____
5.________
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In an English class, our teacher, Mrs. Bartiett asked us to make a poster(海报)in groups about the
culture that we were studying. 1. She told us to write the names of three friends who we wanted in one
group. She would think about our choices.
The next day, I was told to be in a group I would never want—the boy who was too weak in
English, and the two girls who wore strange clothes. Oh, how I wanted to be with my friends!
With tears in my eyes, I walked up to Mrs.Bartlett. 2. She looked at me and seemed to know what 1
was there for. I told her I should be in the “good"group. She gently put a hand on my shoulder(肩膀)“I
know what you want, Karma," she said, "but your group needs you.3.我需要你帮助他们。Only you can
help them."I was surprised and moved. Her words encouraged me.
“Will you help them?”she asked."Yes," I replied. Then I bravely walked over to my group. I sat
down and we started. Each of us did a part according to our interests. Halfway through the week, I felt
myself enjoying our group.4.我们一起做得很好。Nobody except Mrs. Bartlett had believed in our group.
Amazingly,our group got an A.But I think we should hand the A back to Mrs. Bartlett.
5. She was the one who should truly receive it. Mrs. Bartlett brought out the potential(潜能)in four of
her students.
1..
2.
3.
4.
5..
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和自己的老师之间发生的 故事。作者觉得自
己很不幸被分到了一个不喜欢的学习小组，但是在老师的耐心鼓励 和劝导下改变了自己的想
法，最后带领这个组取得了好成绩。
1.她让我们写下我们想在同一个组的三个朋友的名字。【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，tell
sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事。后半句是一个定语从句，先行词为 friends,后面为 who 引导的定语从
句。
2.她看着我，似乎知道我在那儿是为了什么.【解析】这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。主语为 she
,谓语为know, what 引导的句子作 know的宾语。seem 看起来像，似乎。
3.I need you to help them.【解析】这是一个简单句。需要某人做某事：need sb. to do sth..帮助help.
4. We did a good job together.【解析】做得很好：do a good job;一起：together.
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5.她才是真正应该接受它的人。【解析】这是一个定语从句。先行词为one,后面为 who 引导
的定语从句。
Passage 16
When I was in primary school, I was too weak in French to pass the exam. I often got an“E”or"F"
on my papers. 1.我的同学经常在课堂上嘲笑我。I often felt sad but could not do anything. But later,a
French speech contest changed my life. 2.这也改变了我对每件事的看法。It was a Wednesday
afternoon. My father asked me to take part in a French speech contest.It was a terrible idea! My French
grades were always bad.
"Dont worry,my son. Believe in yourself and you're sure to win the contest."3.With my father's
encouragement, I accepted his offer.After that my father and I chose a right topic. Then I practiced hard
at it. I spent a lot of my spare time practicing it again and again in order not to miss a word. Finally, it
turned out that my speech was successful. When my French teacher gave me a call and told me I got the
first prize, I could hardly believe my ears. 4.And my father was so excited that he couldn't say a word.
Then everything has changed. 5.When I do anything. I always believe in myself and try my best to
do it well.
1.
2.
3._
4.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了我小学时法语很差，经常遭到同学们的嘲笑。但是一
次法语演讲比赛改变了我的生活，使我明白了要相信自己并且做任何事情时都要全力以赴。
1.My classmates often laughed at me in class.
【解析】根据翻译可知这是一个简单句。经常：often; 嘲笑：laugh at;在课堂上in the class.
2.And it also changed my views on everything.【解析】也：also; 改变：change;观点：view.
3.在父亲的鼓励下，我接受了他的提议。【解析】“With my father's encouragement”是 独立主格结
构，后半句"I accepted his offer"为简单句。encouragement 鼓励；accept:接受； offer 提议。
4.我父亲太激动了以至于一句话也说不出来。【解析】so..that.如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯
5.当我做任何事情的时候，我总是相信自己并且尽自己最大努力做好.【解析】这是一个时间状
语从句。主句是“I always believe in myself and try my best to do it well”; 从句是“When I do
anything"believe in 相信； try one's best 尽某人最大努力。
5. __
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Passage 17
At present, almost everyone has a mobile phone, but have you ever thought that cell phones might
be bad for your health?1.A study shows that heavy mobile phone use may cause hearing loss(失聪)
This study shows that people who use cell phones for about an hour a day have a harder time
hearing some similar sounds, especially in their right ears. 2 It is getting harder for them to tell the
difference between the sounds of"s"and“f”,and "t"and“z”.
Researchers studied 100 people who used cell phones and compared them with 50 people who did
not. 3.这项研究持续了12个月。What the researchers found was that cell phone users had more hearing
problems than those who did not.
Besides this, our ears have many little hairs inside them. Too much noise will cause these hairs to
get weak and finally die.4.When these hairs die, it affects our ability to listen. However, cell phone users
don't care too much about this study. One man said“5.我会更担心使用iPad的人。They put those
earphones in their ears and listen to very loud music. I think that is more likely to cause hearing loss than a
cell phone."
1._
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现在大多数人都使用手机，但 是过分使用手机可
能会对人的听力有损。
1.一项研究表明，大量使用手机可能会导致听力丧失。【解析】这是一个宾语从句。主语为study;谓
语为 shows; that 引导的整个句子作 shows 的宾语。
2.对他们来说，越来越难分辨s和f,t和z的声音的不同。【解析】getting harder 越来越难； tell the
difference 分辨⋯⋯的不同。
3.The study lasted for 12 months.【解析】研究 study;持续 last for.
4.当这些毛发死亡时，它会影响我们听的能力。【解析】这是一个时间状语从句。when⋯⋯的
时候；affects 影响；ability to listen听的能力。
5. I'd be more worried about people who use iPad.【解析】根据汉语可知此处需用到定语 从句，先
行词为 people,后面是 who 引导的定语从句。担心 worry about.
Passage 18
2.___
3.____
4._____
5.________
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In the modern society, more and more people feel anxious. But life is short, and you have to make
the most of it. Has anybody ever told you that? Maybe they just said“YOLO”to you instead. It means
"You Only Live Once", and it's a very popular sentence so quite a lot of people know it very well.
1. Having a YOLO mind means that you make the most of every day.It means you enjoy your life,
because you only get one. Someone who has a YOLO mind is always open to new and fun activities.
2 That makes vou become an active person.
Now,thanks to a US study,YOLO might be more than just a popular saying. A study found it might
be healthier to have a YOLO attitude!
A research team did an experiment with two groups of students from different US universities. One
group were told there were only 30 days left before they moved to a new city. 3.他们做了很多活动，并
且花时间和他们爱的人在一起。In other words, they had a YOLO lifestyle.4.另一组人继续过着正常
的生活。
At the end of the experiment, the students did a survey to find out how happy they were. 5. It
showed that the first group was much happier."But anyway,people should live a happy life.
1.
2._
3._
4-
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了持有生命只有一次的生活观点的人更健康，也可以
更好地享受生活。
1.持有生命只有一次的观点意味着你充分利用每一天。
【解析】这是一个宾语从句。主语为Having a YOLO mind;谓语为 means;宾语为 that 引导的
句子。make the most of every day 充分利用每一天。
2.那使你变成一个积极的人。【解析】become 变成； active 积极地。
3. They did lots of activities and spent time with people they loved.
【解析】活动 activity; 花时间和某人在一起 spend time with sb。
4.The other group continued to live their normal life.
【解析】另一个the other;继续 continue to;正常的 normal.
5.结果表明，第一组要快乐得多。
【解析】这是一个宾语从句，主语为It,谓语为showed; that引导的句子作宾语。
Passage 19
5.____
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We know that i's important to give people a gift, especially a personal one. 1.Ifwe are going to give
gifts to others, we should first try to find out what they like and dislike. That is called “art of giving”.
2. Some little kids think they don't get enough gifts while some old people think they get too many
gifts. Different people like different kinds of gifts. For example, a little boy can make his mother very
happy just by giving her a leaf as a gift.
3.赠送礼物在不同的国家是不同的。Here are some of their likes. In Canada, a tree can help
remember a person. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity
rather than buy them gifts. In Sweden, doing something for someone or paying a visit to the elder is the
best gift.4.人们不需要花费任何钱。Different people have different thoughts on this subject! 5. Maybe
the art of giving is difficult!
1.
2.
3._
4._
5._
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了不同的人对送礼物的观点不同； 在不同国家送礼物
也有各自的特点。
1.如果我们要送礼物给别人，我们首先应该设法找出他们喜欢和不喜欢的东西。
【解析】这是一个条件状语从句，主句为"we should first try to find out what they like and dislike."
(主句中含有一个宾语从句，what 引导的句子作主句谓语 find out 的宾语);从句为“Ifwe are
going to give gifts to others”。be going to 将要做某事； find out 找出。
2.有些小孩子认为他们没有得到足够的礼物，而有些老人认为他们得到的礼物太多了。
【解析】这是由 while 连接的两个宾语从句。while 然而。
3. Gifts giving is different in different countries.
【解析】馈赠礼物 gifts giving;不同的 different;国家 country(由于此处不止一个国家，故
用其复数形式)。
4.People don't need to spend any money.
【解析】不需要 don't need to;花费 spend;钱 money.
5.也许给予的艺术是不易的。
【解析】 the art of giving 给予的艺术；difficult 艰难的，不易的。
Passage 20
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The world cufture includes not only the customs of our society, its art, music, but also everyday
activities.1.文化给予我们在社会中的归属感。So the losing of one's culture is alarming. 2. Many
people believe that their traditional ways of life are under threat(威胁)Yet for some, the losing of
culture is a natural result of globalization(全球化)and progress. So is the globalization of culture a
threat or a chance?
5.Anyway,many organizations and governments are making efforts(努力) to protect their cultures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5._
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要就文化全球化是威胁还是机遇进行了讨论并列出了一些
不同国家的群体的看法。
1. Cultures give us a sense ofbelonging in society.
【解析】给予：give;归属感：a sense of belonging.
2.许多人认为他们的传统生活方式正受到威胁。
【解析】这是一个宾语从句。主语为 Many people; 谓语为 believe;宾语为 that 引导的整个句
子.traditional 传统的。
3.那些认为全球化是一种威胁的人认为，社会正在失去其文化的特殊部分。
【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的宾语从句。主语为前半句的一个定语从句，该定语从句中先
行 词为 those,后面为 who 引导的一个定语从句；整个句子的谓语为 argue;宾语为 that 引
导的从句。societies 社会。
4.Others focus on the advantages of globalization.
3. Those who see globalization as a threat argue that societies are losing special parts of their
4.另一些关注全球化的优势。They accept that Western culture is spreading, but they also point
cultures. For example, Omotik, a language spoken in East Africa, has only 50 live speakers. There are
to how Western countries and many other parts of the world are being shown to world cultures. Many
also incre asing fears in China, where the losing of musical and dance traditions, as well as traditional
argue that there are advantages to these cross-cultural(跨文化的)exchanges and that they lead to better
crafts, is causing concern to many. Some argue that it is hard to find differences between London and
understandings between cultures. They say world traditions are celebrated more widely because of these.
Tokyo.
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【解析】另一些：others;关注：focus on; 优势：advantages。
5.无论如何，许多组织和政府正在努力保护他们的文化
【解析】 anyway无论如何；organization 组织； government政府；making efforts to努力去做。
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