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Unit 1 What’s the matter? 单元核心知识点全方位精练 (Section A)
【单元核心知识点全方位精练(Section A)】含以下内容：
重点单词练习：本部分设置了“根据中文或首字母提示填写单词”，“用所给词的适当形式填空”，“一
词多义”，“单项选择”等练习。
重点短语练习：本部分设置了“短语英汉互译”，“选择短语填空”和“翻译句子”等练习。
重点语法练习：本部分针对单元重点语法设置了填空，选择，翻译等多类型练习。
重点句型练习：本部分设置了教材原句回译，仿写句子等练习。
【重点单词练习】
一、根据中文或首字母提示填写单词
1. She has a sore throat(喉咙) and keeps coughing(咳嗽).
2. You shouldn't exercise on a full stomach (胃).
3. David jumped onto(向，朝) the bus just as it was leaving.
4. He always lies(躺) on the sofa and takes a nap.
5. Sandy has a stomachache(胃痛) because she ate too much junk food.
6. She takes a break(间歇) from work to go for a walk.
7. Lucy gets a toothache(牙痛) every time she eats something sweet.
8. Wang Lili stamped her foot(脚) again.
9. I have a headache(头痛) because I stayed up late last night.
10. The bus can take 60 passengers(乘客).
11. Judy has trouble(问题，苦恼) with her homework and asks for help.
12. My project(项目) is about what you should do when people get ill suddenly or hurt(使受伤) themselves.
13. Alice takes care of herself(她自己) when her parents are away.
14. She may need your help with some business matters(问题，事情).
15. Mario used a stone to hit(击，打) the wall.
16. I have a fever(发烧), so I need to take some medicine.
17. Giraffes have very long necks(脖子).
18. You’ve worked for a long time.You’d better have a rest(休息) now.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(或根据句意填写适当的词)
1. You don’t look well. What’s the matter with you?
2. The children lay down on their stomachs(stomach).3. We are already using our feet(foot) less, and our hands more (think about cars and computers).
4. After she finished the milk shake, she lay(lie) down on the bed for a rest.
5. If you usually spend time lying(lie) on the sofa and watching TV programs or a video when you’re bored, go
somewhere else instead.
6. I fell down and hurt(hurt) my leg just now.
7. We should do something to help the people in trouble.
8. Kate always helps me when I have trouble learning (learn) English.
9. She hit(hit) Jack on the head with her umbrella just now.
10. —Do you know who taught her (she) Chinese?
—No one. She learned it all by herself (she) .
11. You have a sore throat. I think you should drink some hot tea with honey.
12. We should go(go) to school by bike and turn off the lights when we leave a room.
13. Other people in the restaurant were so afraid that they left quickly(quick) without finishing(finish) their meals.
14. At 5:00 a. m. yesterday, the driver saw an old man cleaning (clean) up the street.
15. He stopped (stop) and then turned around.
16. Teachers expect all their students to do (do) better at school day by day.
17. I’m feeling tired these days. There is always too much work waiting for me.
18. My brother and I have sore throats (throat).
19. John agreed to give (give) up playing computer games, although it was against his wishes.
20. I’m thinking about having(have) some ice cream.
21. When your kids have colds(cold), coughs or fevers, you can come to see Andy Smith.
22. — Dad, we’ll have a school cleaning day next week.
— If you play (play) a part in it, you will set(set) a good example to your sister.
三、一词多义(写出词汇在下列句子中的中文意思)
1. matter
(1) It's a private matter. (n.)事情
(2) There's something the matter with my eyes. (n.) 麻烦事;问题
(3) Learning to drive is all a matter of coordination(协调). (n.) 关乎…的事情
(4) We can try that, but whether(是否) it’ll work is another matter . 另一回事
(5) As a matter of fact , it’s a new way to explore(探索) the city on foot. 事实上，实际上
(6) No matter what happens, believe in yourselves, boys and girls. 无论
(7) The children matter more to her than anything else in the world. (v.)要紧；有重大影响2. lie
(1) There was a child lying on the ground. (v.) 躺；平卧
(2) Korea(朝鲜) lies on the east of China. (v.) 位于（某个位置或方向）
(3) You could see from his face that he was lying. (v.)撒谎
(4) The boy is dishonest (不诚实的). He told a lie. (n.)谎言
(5) The problem lies in deciding when to leave. (思想、特征、问题等) 存在；在于
(6) It's a holiday tomorrow, so you can lie in. 睡懒觉；起得晚
3. hit
(1) She hit him on the head with her umbrella. (v.)(用手或器具)击，打
(2) The bus hit the bridge. (v.)碰撞，撞击
(3) I couldn't remember where I'd seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me. (v.)使(某人)突然意识到
(4) The Chinese video game Black Myth: Wukong has become a big hit. (n.) 成功而轰动(或风行)一时的事
物
(5) Our small company has had 78,000 hits on its Internet pages. (n.) (网站的)点击，浏览
(6) David gave a hit on Jack’s head. (n.) 击，打
(7) Last night a big earthquake(地震) hit Ji Shishan in Gansu and many people died. (v.)打击，危害
(8) Temperatures hit 40˚ yesterday. (v.)达到(某水平)
4. rest
(1) He rested his chin(下巴) in his hands. (v.) （被）支撑，（使）倚靠，托
(2) Try to get some rest ─you have a busy day tomorrow. (n.)休息（时间）
(3) How would you like to spend the rest of the day? (n.) 剩余部分
(4) The doctor told me to rest. (v.)休息
(5) The first question was difficult, but the rest were pretty easy. (n.)其余的人，其他事物
5. break
(1) She worked all day without a break. (n.)间歇，休息
(2) The movie broke all box-office records(记录). (v.) 打破(记录)
(3) Don’t break the rules. (v.)违犯
(4) She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces . (v.)破碎
(5) They broke for lunch. (v.)中断，短暂休息(6) Let’s buy a new bike for her. Her bike breaks down from time to time after all. 出故障
(7) When did the war(战争) between Russia and Ukraine (乌克兰) break out ? (不幸的事)爆发
6. off
(1) He took his feet off the desk. 离开(某处)
(2) Summer's not far off now. （在时间或空间上）距，离
(3) Make sure the TV is off. 未连接；不工作
(4) All shirts have/are 10% off. 减价的；削价的
(5) I've got three days off next week. 下班；休息
(6) You need to take the top off the bottle first! 从...去掉
四、单项选择
1. —I hurt my leg yesterday when I played basketball game.
—I am sorry to hear that. I think you should get ________ X-ray. It’s ________ useful way for you.
A．a; a B．an; an C．an; a D．a; an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:--昨天我打篮球时腿受伤了。--听到这个消息我很难过。我认为你应该去做X光检査。这对你
很有用。
考查冠词。a不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前;an不定冠词，表示泛指，用于以元音
音素开头的单词之前。根据句意可知，空一表示泛指，且X-ray以元音音素开头，故应用an;空二也表示泛
指，且useful以辅音音素开头，故应用a。故选C。
2. —What’s ________ matter with you, Lily?
—I have ________ cold and I’m going to see a doctor.
A．a; a B．the; the C．an; the D．the; a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:--莉莉，你怎么了?--我感冒了，正打算去看医生。
考查冠词。what’s the mater“怎么了”，是固定句型，第一空应用定冠词the；have a cold“感冒”，是固定短
语，第二空应用不定冠词a。故选D。
3. —What’s ________ trouble with you, Mandy?
—I had ________ fight with my parents because they couldn’t understand(理解) me.
A．the; a B．the; an C．/; an D．/; a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--Mandy，你有什么麻烦事?--我和我的父母吵了一架，因为他们不理解我。考查冠词的用法。山定冠词，表示特指;不定冠词，泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词，泛
指一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前;表示不用冠词的情况。“with you“表示“与你相关的麻烦”，因此第
一空应用定冠词“the”，表示特指;“have a fight"表示“吵架”，因此第二空用“a”。故选A。
4. —Amy, I'm sorry. I put your book in my schoolbag by mistake.
— ________. Give it to me later.
A．I'm sorry to hear that B．Thank you. C．With pleasure D．It doesn't matter.
【答案】D
【详解】句意:--艾米，对不起。我错把你的书放在我的书包里了。--没关系。过后给我。
考查交际用语。I’m sorry to hear that 听到这个消息我很难过;Thank you谢谢你;With pleasure乐意效劳;It
doesn’t matter没关系;根据“I’m sorry.I put your book in my schoolbag by mistake”对错拿对方的书感到抱歉，
可知答语是回应的抱歉。故选D。
5. You'd better ________your shoes before you go into her bedroom. Your shoes may make her new carpet(地毯)
dirty.
A．turn off B．cut off C．take off D．put off
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你最好在进她的卧室前脱下鞋，你的鞋子可能会弄脏她的新地毯。
考查短语辨析。A.turn off关掉; B.cut off切断,切除;C.take off脱掉;D.put off推迟。根据句中信息before you
go into her bedroom.和Your shoes may make her new carpet dirty.推测该句句意:在你进入房间之前，你应该脱
掉你的鞋子，你的鞋子可能会弄脏她的新地毯。故选C。
6. —The thief(小偷) ________ to us. In fact, he didn’t ________ the purse on the cupboard.
—Yeah. The police found it ________ at the corner of the kitchen.
A．lied; lay; lied B．lay; lie; lying C．lied; lay; lying D．lay; lying; lied
【答案】C
【详解】句意:--小偷向我们撒谎了。事实上，他没有把钱包放在橱柜里。--是的，警察在厨房的角落里发现
了。
考查动词辨析。lie动词，撒谎，过去式为lied，现在分词为lying;lie动词，平躺，位于，过去式为lay，现
在分词为lying;lay动词放置，过去式为laid，现在分词为laying。第一空考査lie to sb.“向某人撒谎”，句中
使用一般过去时态，所以第一空为lied;第二空考查lay sth. on sp.“把…放在……上”，句中使用了didn’t+动
词原形，所以第二空为lay;第三空考查现在分词lying作宾语补足语。the purse和lie“位于”之间是主动关
系，所以用现在分词。故选C。
7. ________ our surprise, Joe got ________ a fight with his best friend Paul.
A．With; into B．To; onto C．To; into D．With; onto
【答案】C【详解】句意:令我们吃惊的是，乔和他最好的朋友保罗打了一架。
考查介词辨析。第一空，根据空后"our surprise"可知，此处考查to one's surprise“令某人惊讶的是”，介词短
语，排除A和D;第二空，根据"got...a fight with"可知，此处考查get into a fight with sb.“与某人打架”，动词
短语，排除B。故选C。
8. Annie has a ________ and she is going to see her dentist today.
A．cold B．cough C．toothache D．fever
【答案】C
【详解】句意:安妮牙痛，今天她要去看牙医
考查名词辨析。cold感冒;cough咳嗽;toothache牙疼;fever发烧。根据“she is going to see her dentist today"可
知应该是牙疼。故选C。
9. —Joy, I have ________ in working out the math problem.
—Don’t worry. Let me help you.
A．experience B．preparation C．talent D．trouble
【答案】D
【详解】句意:--乔伊，我解这道数学题有困难。--不要担心，我来帮助你。
考查名词辨析。experience经验;preparation准备;talent天赋;trouble困难。由“Don't worry. Let me help you,”
可知，我解出这个数学题有困难。故选D。
10. The 2024 Dragon Boat Festival falls ______ June 10. Chinese people can enjoy three days _______ work from June
8 to 10.
A．on, off B．in, away C．on, away D．in, off
【答案】A
【详解】句意:2024年端午节在6月10日。中国人可以享受从6月8日到6月10日三天的假期。
考查介词辨析。on在具体某一天;04离开(某处);in在…….里面;away不在。“June10”是具体的日期，因此前
面需用介词on，three days off work表示“休三天假”。故选A。
【重点短语练习】
一、短语英汉互译
感冒 have a cold
喉咙痛 have a sore throat
胃痛 have a stomachache
讲话太多 talk too much
喝足够的水 drink enough water
喝一些加蜂蜜的热水 drink some hot water with honey看牙医 see a dentist
量体温 take ones’ temperature
排X光片 get an X-ray
10. 发烧 have a fever
11. 以相同的方式 in the same way
12. 看医生 go to a doctor
13. 看到某人正在做某事 see sb. doing...
14. 大声呼救 shout for help
15. 期待某人做某事 expect sb. to do...
16. 等下一趟车 wait for the next bus
17. 同意做某事 agree to do
18. 拯救生命 save a life
19. 休息一会 get some rest
20. 令某人惊讶的是 to one’s surprise
二、选择短语填空
lie down；take breaks；without thinking twice；get off；fall down
thanks to；in time；think about；right away；get into
1. The problem is so serious. We need to take action right away .
2. I need some time to think about whether I should join the school club.
3. The firefighters put out the fire in time and saved the building.
4. She lent(借给) me her umbrella without thinking twice when she saw I didn't have one.
5. After a long day at school, I like to lie down on the sofa and listen to music.
6. I usually get off the bus two stops earlier to get some exercise by walking.
7. Be careful not to get into a fight with others at school.
8. Thanks to my friend's encouragement(鼓励), I finally decided to join the singing competition.
9. —Ouch! I can’t move my neck.
—Stand up and take breaks . You sat in front of the computer for too long without moving.
10. The little girl fell down when riding her bike, but she quickly got up and kept going.
【答案】
1. right away 立刻，马上
2. think about 考虑，思考
3. in time 及时4. without thinking twice 没有多想，没有犹豫
5. lie down 躺下
6. get off 下车
7. get into 陷入
8. Thanks to 幸亏，由于
9. take breaks 休息
10. fell down 摔倒
三、翻译句子
1. 当你头疼时，你最好在安静的房间里躺下来。
When you have a headache, it's better to lie down in a quiet room.
2. 令大家惊讶的是，这个新学生很快成为了篮球队里最出色的球员。
To everyone's surprise, the new student quickly became the best player on the basketball team.
3. 如果你喉咙痛，你可以喝些加蜂蜜的热水。
If you have a sore throat, you can drink some hot water with honey.
4. 我们期待更多的人可以思考帮助他人。
We expect more people to think about helping others .
5. 幸亏那位好心的(kind-hearted )司机，老人被医生及时救治了。
Thanks to the kind-hearted driver, the old man was saved by the doctors in time .
6. 我们要立即采取行动以减少污染。
We should take action right away to cut down pollution.
【重点语法练习】
1. 单项填空。
(1) —What’s the matter with Kate?
—She hurt ________ in P. E. class.
A．her B．herself C．himself D．she
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--凯特怎么了?--她在体育课上受伤了,
考查代词辨析。her她/她的;herself她自己;himself他自己;she她。hut oneself“伤到某人自己”，固定短语，
she对应的反身代词是herself。故选B。(2) —You look worried. What’s the matter with you?
—My mother hurt ________ yesterday.
A．herself B．her C．himself D．she
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--你看起来很担心。你怎么了?--我妈妈昨天伤到了自己。
考查反身代词的用法。herself她自己;her (she的宾格)她,(she的所有格)她的;himself他自己;she她(主格)。根
据“My mother hurt..."可知，此处是指“我妈妈伤到了自己”，因此用反身代词herself。故选A。
(3) The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in ________ is very important.
A．itself B．myself C．ourselves D．yourselves
【答案】C
【详解】句意:《我相信我能飞》这首歌告诉我们，相信自己是非常重要的。
考查代词辨析。itself 它自己;myself 我自己;ourselves 我们自己;yourselves 你们自己。根据“tells us that
believing in..is very important.”可知，此处是指我们要相信我们自己，故选C。
(4) —Did you hurt ________ while playing soccer?
—No, I didn’t. But my classmate, Mike hurt ________ knee.
A．you; him B．yourself; himself C．your; himself D．yourself; his
【答案】D
【详解】句意:--你踢足球时受伤了吗?--不，我没有。但是我的同学迈克伤了膝盖。
考查代词。you你;yourself你自己;your你的;him他;himself他自己;his他的。根据“Did you hurt...”可知，是
问有没有伤到自己,第一空用反身代词yourself;第二空后是名词knee，空处应用形容词性物主代词his。故选
D。
(5) Mary hasn’t quite been ________ recently. Do you know why?
A．hers B．her C．herself D．she
【答案】C
【详解】句意:玛丽最近不在状态。你知道为什么吗?
考查代词。hers她的，名词性物主代词;her她的，形容词性物主代词;herself她自己，反身代词;she她，主格
代词。根据“Mary hasn't quite been”可知，玛丽不在状态。be oneself(尤指身体、精神等方面)处于正常状
态。故选C。
(6) — What’s the matter with that boy?
— ________.
A．He is watching TV in his room B．He takes his temperature
C．He was playing a toy car D．He has a stomachache
【答案】D【详解】句意:--那男孩怎么了?--他肚子疼。
考查情景交际。He is watching TV in his room他正在房间里看电视;He takes his temperature他量了体温;He
was playing a toy car他在玩玩具车;He has a stomachache他肚子疼。根据问句可知，此处是在问男孩身体出
了什么问题，故选D。
(7) —________?
—My neck hurts.
A．What was happened B．What’s the matter
C．What’s trouble D．What happened with him
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--怎么了?--我脖子疼。
考查情景交际。What was happened错误表达，happen没有被动语态;What's the matter(你)怎么了;What's
trouble错误表达;What happened with him表述有误，一般是What happened to him 。根据“'My neck
hurts,”"可知，应问“怎么了”。故选B。
(8) —I’m feeling terrible! I have a high fever.
— _________. You’d better see a doctor at once.
A．I’m afraid not B．Sorry to hear that
C．Sounds great D．You are right
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--我感觉太很糟糕!我发高烧了。--听到这个消息我很难受。你最好马上去看医生。
考查情景交际。I'm afraid not我恐怕不能;Sorry to hear that听到这个消息我很难受;Sounds great听起来很
棒;You are right你是对的。根据“I'm feeling terrible! I have a high fever.”可知，应说听到这个消息我很难受。
故选B。
(9) —What ________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me?
—You ________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts.
A．should; can B．could; shouldn’t C．can; can’t D．needn’t; should
【答案】A
【详解】句意:--当我父母不同意我的意见时，我该怎么办?--你可以和他们谈谈，让他们知道你的想法。
考查动词辨析。should应该;could能(语气委婉);can可以;needn’t不必。根据What.l do when my parents don't
agree with me?可知，此处是在询问对方的建议，应填should;第二空是给予对方建议，表示“可以”，应填
can。故选A。
(10) Sara _________ a stomachache. So she _________ eat the ice-cream.
A．has; shouldn’t B．has; should C．have; shouldn’t D．have; should
【答案】A【详解】句意:萨拉胃疼。所以她不应该吃冰淇淋。
考查主谓一致及情态动词。根据“Sara”"可知，空一处主语是三单，动词用三单has;根据Sara...a
stomachache.可知，胃疼不应该吃冰淇淋，空二处用shouldn't。故选A。
2. 填入适当的词汇，使句意通顺(部分有提示)。
(1) We enjoyed ourselves when we visited the Palace Museum.
(2) Nobody taught me (I) to use WeChat, and I learned it by myself.
(3) —Where did you get the model car, Tony?
—From my sister Linda. She made it by herself.
(4) The girl feels very sure of herself and she is certain to win the game.
(5) To our (we)surprise, the doctors and nurses in Shanghai never think of themselves now.
(6) Welcome to my home for dinner, children . Help yourselves to some chicken.I’ll cook some fish for you.
(7) —What’s the matter with your mother?
—She has a bad cold.
(8) Your head feels hot. You should take (take) your temperature.
(9) —Should we finish(finish) our homework on time?
(10) —Yes, we should.
(11) —I have a bad cold.
—You should lie down and have a good rest.(填合适的情态动词)
(12) You shouldn’t play computer games for too long. It’s bad for your body.(填合适的情态动词)
3. 按要求完成句子。
(1) Tom should get an X-ray after he hurt his leg. (对划线部分提问)
【答案】What should Tom do after he hurt his leg?
(2) Peter should give up his bad living habits. （改为一般疑问句）
【答案】Should Peter give up his bad living habits?
(3) Should Mary eat all the cakes? (作否定回答)
【答案】No, she shouldn’t.
(4) 你的朋友Sara牙痛，请给给她提个建议，你可以这样对她说：【参考答案】You should see a dentist.
4. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My best friend Bob likes playing computer games very much. He is used to 1 (play) computer games. He
spends a lot of time 2 the computer every day. He often sits in 3 same way for too long without moving, so
his schoolwork is too bad and his parents are angry with 4 (he).
Last week, he 5 (have) a headache, sore eyes and a sore back. He even couldn’t sleep well, 6 his
parents took him to see a doctor. The doctor examined (检查）him and said, “You should take 7 (break) away
from the computer. You shouldn’t keep on using the computer for a long time. And you should do eye
exercises 8 (relax) your eyes and go to bed early at night.” Now, he knows the 9 (important) of working
hard on his schoolwork. And he agrees to play computer games 10 (one) a week.
I think if he has a good rest and studies hard, he will feel better soon and get good grades. After all, nothing is
difficult if you put your heart into it.
【答案】
【小题1】playing
【小题2】on
【小题3】the
【小题4】him
【小题5】had
【小题6】so
【小题7】breaks
【小题8】to relax
【小题9】importance
【小题10】once
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者的朋友鲍勃因为爱玩电脑游戏而身体出现状况去看医生的事
情。【小题1】句意:他习惯于玩电脑游戏。根据is used to可知考査be used to doing“习惯做某事”。故填
playing。
【小题2】句意:他每天花很多时间在电脑上。根据spends a lot of time可知，是spend time on st“花时间在某
事上”。故填on。
【小题3】句意:他经常长时间坐着不动，所以他的功课很差，他的父母对他很生气，根据same way for too
long without moving可知，填定冠词the，此处特指他保持同一种姿势坐着。故填the。
【小题4】句意:他经常长时间坐着不动，所以他的功课很差，他的父母对他很生气，设空处前是介词with，后填人称代司宾格him。故填 him。
【小题5】句意:上个星期，他头痛，眼睛疼，背也疼，根据Last week,he...可知设空处填动词过去式，had a
headache“头疼”。故填had.
【小题6】句意:他甚至睡不好觉，所以他的父母带他去看医生，根据 his parents took him to see a doctor.可
知，应说“所以”他的父母带他去看医生。故填so。
【小题7】句意:你应该离开电脑休息一下。固定短语take breaks“休息”。故填breaks。
【小题8】句意:你应该做眼保健操来放松你的眼睛，晚上早点睡觉。根据 your eyes可知，应填不定式to
relax作目的状语。故填to relax。
【小题9】句意:现在，他知道努力学习功课的重要性。根据of working hard可知应说重要性，因此设空处填
名词，importance“重要性”，强调重要性这一概念时为不可数名词。故填importance。
【小题10】句意:他同意每周玩一次电脑游戏。根据a week.可知，这里表示频率，once a week“一周一
次”。故填once。
5. 翻译句子
(1) A:你怎么了？
B:我嗓子疼。
A:你应该河蟹加蜂蜜的热水。
A:
B:
A:
【参考答案】
A:What’s the matter/trouble (with you)?
B:I have a sore throat.
A:You should drink some hot water with honey.
(2) A:你胃痛吗？
B:是的。我吃了太多的食物。
A:你应该躺下休息。
A:
B:
A:
【参考答案】
A:Do you have a stomachache?
B:Yes, I do. I ate too much food.A:You should lie down and rest.
(3) A:David怎么了？
B:他打篮球时伤到了自己。
A:
B:
【参考答案】
A:What’s the matter/trouble with David?
B:He hurt himself when playing basketball.
(4) 我妈妈做饭时把割伤了自己。我帮她在伤口上敷了些药。
【参考答案】
My mum cut herself when cooking. I helped her put some medicine on the cut.
【重点句型练习】
教材原句回译与仿写
1. 如果明天你的头和脖子还疼，那就去看医生。
回译：If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.
解读：此句中if引导一个条件状语从句。在条件状语从句，一般会遵循主将从现的时态原则。
仿写：
(1) 如果明天不下雨的话，我们就去钓鱼。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go fishing.
(2) 你应该有足够的睡眠如果你感觉疲劳的话。
You should have enough sleep if you feel tired.
2. 昨天上午9点，26路公交车正沿着中华路行驶，司机看到一位老人躺在路边。
回译：At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on
the side of the road.
解读：此句中when引导了一个时间状语从句。was going是过去进行时的结构，表示过去某个时刻或时间
段，动作正在发生。
仿写：
(1) 昨天下午5点，我妈妈正在烧饭，她听到外面有人大声呼救。
At about 5 p.m. yesterday, my mother was cooking when she heard someone shouting for help outside.(2) 周日上午，我正在书房看书，我感觉到地板在摇晃。
On Sunday morning, I was reading in the study when I felt the floor shaking.
3. 他下车问那个女人发生了什么事。
回译：He got off and asked the woman what happened.
解读：此句中what happened是个主谓结构的句子，整个句子作asked the woman后的直接宾语，是一个what
引导的宾语从句。what引导宾语从句时，在从句中充当主干成分，可以表示某人说的话，某人做的事，某
个具体的东西等。
仿写：
(1) 我没听清楚她刚刚说的话。
I didn’t hear clearly what she said just now.
(2) 我们都对他给我们买的东西感到兴奋。
We are all excited about what he bought us.
4. 他告诉乘客，他必须把那个人送到医院。
回译：He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital.
解读：此句中 that he must take the man to the hospital整个句子作told the passengers后的直接宾语，是一个
that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有意义，一般可以省略。
仿写：
(1) 医生告诉Mary她应该多吃蔬菜并且多锻炼。
The doctor told Mary that she should eat more vegetables and work out more.
(2) 我们的英语老师希望我们努力学习英语。
Our English teacher hopes that we study hard at English.
5. 令人难过的是，许多人不想帮助别人，因为他们不想惹麻烦。
回译：It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble.
解读：此句中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that引导的从句（主语从句）。because引导了一个原因
状语从句。
仿写：
(1) 机器人能帮忙打扫地板真是太棒了。
It’s wonderful that the robot can help clean the floor.
(2) 学好一门外语很重要。
It’s important that we should learn a foreign language well.
