文档内容
专题 08 阅读理解特训
内容早知道
☛第一层 巩固提升练（4大考点）
考点一 细节理解题
考点二 推理判断题
考点三 词句猜测题
考点四 主旨大意题
☛第二层 能力培优练
☛第三层 拓展突破练
考点一 细节理解题
此类题一般针对文章的细节信息进行考查。答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。
这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(此
类型题占比最大。占到全部阅读题60~80%左右)
【注意】这类题设置干扰项的特点：
①部分正确，而另一部分是错误的。
②是原文信息，却不是题目要求的内容
③符合常识，但和文章内容无关。
④与原文内容极其相似，只是在程度上有所不同。
常见的提问形式：
①Which of the following cannot you learn in Anglia Summer Camp?
②Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
③Why did Calvin Coolidge live at the Willard Hotel in those days?
④Which of the following statements is NOT RIGHT according to the passage?
⑤According to George, reading aloud to children______.
解题技巧：
抓住提问中的关键字眼，仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可
以得出正确答案。
注意排除下列干扰项：
① 扩缩范围
文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用
many, almost all, nearly, more than, over, only a few, normally等限制。有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。
② 偷换概念
命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。
③ 正误并存
在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借
此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。
【巩固练习】
My name is Holly. I’m 14 years old, and I am a middle school student. I like my school life.
I get up at six o’clock in the morning. Then I go running in the playground. At half past six, I have breakfast
at school. You can see many students and teachers in the dining hall. After breakfast, I go to my classroom and read
English.
We have six classes every day. The first class starts at eight o’clock. I like all my subjects. I think they are
interesting. My favorite subject is English, so I often go to the English comer (英语角) on Thursday evening. I can
practise my English there. After class, I always play with my friends. We play basketball, football and table tennis.
I like all my lessons, my friends and my teachers. In a word (总而言之), I love my school life.
1．When does Holly have breakfast?
A．At 6:00 am. B．At 6:30 am. C．At 6:40 am. D．At 7 :00 am.
2．When does Holly read English?
A．Before breakfast. B．After breakfast. C．In the evening. D．After lunch.
3．What is Holly’s favorite subject?
A．Chinese. B．Maths. C．History. D．English.
考点二 推理判断题
推理判断题是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从
中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。
【注意】
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知;做题时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断.
常见的提问形式：
①What would Andy do next?
②Where may this passage come from?
③According to Morgan, what kind of people are most likely to suffer from nearsightedness?
④Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?
⑤What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?
解题技巧：
推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。
注意点：
① 推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
② 不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。
◆根据事实进行推断：首先在文章中找出据以判断的有关词或句子，然后加以分析，悟出字里行间的意思。
◆根据作者的意图和态度进行推断：作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往含在字里行间。因此，既要将文章的
主题思想作为推断的前提，还应注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词、副词等修饰语。学生要对作者的态度、
意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。
◆指代推断：要推断指代词所指的对象，关键在于对该词所在的上下文的正确的理解。指代词的单复数形
式应与被指代词的单复数形式一致。
◆根据逻辑关系进行推断：根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
【巩固练习】
Hello, everyone! I am Mary. I study in No. 39 Middle School. My brother, my sister and I are all good
students. My parents are proud of us. Welcome to my home!
My parents are Mike and Lucy. My mother is a doctor in a hospital and my father teaches English in No. 26
Middle School. They work very hard every day.
Paul is my older brother. He studies in No. 2 Middle School. He studies very well and he likes to make
friends. You can e-mail him.
The little girl is my younger sister Gina. She’s only 9 years old but she is good at tennis. She wants to be a
tennis star in the future.
1．Paul is Lucy’s ________.
A．daughter B．son C．father D．mother
2．From the passage, we can know that ________.
A．Gina has a sister and a brother B．Mary’s e-mail address (地址) is 458503268@126.com
C．Paul and Mary are in the same school D．Mary is good at tennis and wants to be a tennis star
考点三 词句猜测题
词句猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或
推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧，通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身
的结构特点对词义作出正确判断，能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
常见的提问形式：
①The underlined word “shoot” in the 2nd paragraph means “______”.
②What does the pronoun “This” in the last paragraph refer to(所指) ?
③The underlined word “compromise” probably means_________.
④What do the underlined words mean?
⑤What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
解题技巧：
◆根据上下文猜测
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司⑴根据关联词猜测 表示因果关系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result…
表示同义关系的：and, like, just as…
表示反义关系的： but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)等等
⑵利用构词法猜测 根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。
例如care(小心) →careful(小心的) →carefully (小心地);
write(写) → rewrite (改写)。
根据“合成词”猜测。
例如school + bag → schoolbag； down+stairs → downstairs
◆根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词
常用be, be called, mean或破折号或定语从句等来表示。
例如：①Why does jogging -- running slowly become so popular.（慢跑）
②Pork is the meat of pigs.（猪肉）
③Jane is warm-hearted, she likes to help others.（热心的）
◆根据语境及生活常识猜测
从文章中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。
例如：①China is our motherland.（祖国）
②Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. （育儿袋）
③It's really cold outside, and my hands are both numb. （冻僵了的,麻木的）
【巩固练习】
Sam is twelve. He’s a student in No. 5 Middle School. He’s in Class 4, Grade 7. Today is Women’s Day, and
it’s Sam’s birthday. His mother and father have a birthday party for him. You can see lots of drinks and food on the
table. And the gifts from Sam’s family are on the table too.
Sam invites his good friends to his birthday party. They’re Linda, Tom, John and Lucy. Linda buys a nice
pen for Sam. She knows Sam loves writing stories. She wants Sam to write many good stories. Tom buys a white
baseball for Sam. Baseball is Sam’s favourite sport, and he’s really good at it. John and Lucy buy a big cake for
Sam. They sing Happy Birthday to Sam. They’re all very happy at the party.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．The underlined word “invites” in paragraph 2 probably means “________” in Chinese.
A．拜访 B．邀请 C．推荐 D．闲谈
考点四 主旨大意题
此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求学生在理解全文
后归纳短文要点，概括中心思路。正确答案是要根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、
言过其实或以偏概全。
【注意】这类题设置干扰项的特点：
①可能属文中某个具体事实或细节，但不是正确答案。
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司②可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
③可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
常见的提问形式：
①According to the passage, what did the writer want to tell us?
②What would be the best title of this passage?
③From the passage, the writer thinks _____.
④What does the writer mainly tell us?
⑤Which of the following best expresses the main idea?
解题技巧：
1、寻找主题句，从而抓住全段中心思想，常见位置是段首句或第二句，但也可能在段尾或段中。
2、概括全文，寻找文章中心思想。各段落中心句的整理归纳便是文章的中心思想。
3、把握文章的体裁，分清文体，确定思维方向。
4、体会作者的写作意图和所要表达的思想感情，辨清褒贬态度。
干扰项：
可能是文中某个具体事实或细节；可能是从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能
属非文章事实的主观臆断。
常见题型：
1．主题型：
What’s the main idea of this passage ? （这篇文章的主要思想是什么？）
What does this passage mainly discuss? （这篇文章主要讨论了什么？）
What’s the topic of this passage ? （这篇文章的主题是什么？）
2．标题型：
What’s the best title?（最佳的标题是什么？）
The best title for this text is (to tell ) ______. （这段文字的最佳标题是_____)The main purpose of this text is
______.(这段文字的主要目的是？）
3．目的型：
The author’s purpose of writing this text is to______.（作者写这段文字的主要目的是？）
What’s the main purpose of the passage?（这篇文章的主要目的是？）
【巩固练习】
Rex was a strong and smart dog. Rex had a special job—he helped people who were lost or hurt.
One day, a big storm (暴风雨) hit the town. People were stuck in their homes, and some were even trapped
outside.
Rex and his friend, Sarah, a kind woman who took care of him, knew they had to help. They put on their
raincoats and boots, and set off to find those in need.
Rex used his amazing nose to sniff out people who were lost. He ran through the streets, barking and
wagging his tail, encouraging Sarah to follow him. Soon, they found an old man fell down and couldn’t get up. Rex
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司nudged (轻推) him with his nose. Sarah helped the man to his feet, and they all walked safely to a shelter.
Rex and Sarah kept searching, and soon they found a little girl crying in the dark. Rex lay down next to her.
Sarah wrapped her in a blanket and carried her to a safe place.
Thanks to Rex’s bravery (勇敢) and Sarah’s kindness, many people were saved that day. People in the town
were grateful for them, and Rex became known as a true hero. He loved his job and always did his best to help
those in need.
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。
1．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Rex loved playing with children.
B．People in the town were angry with Rex and Sarah.
C．Rex’s bravery made him become a hero.
一、完形填空
Dear Wang Yi,
How are you? Do you know 1 I am? I am in the school computer room. Look at the photo! Yes,
it’s a school! This is my 2 school—Hope (希望) Middle School. It’s really big, isn’t it?
The school has a big classroom building with five floors. Each (每一) floor has ten classrooms. All the 3
have classes in the building. A red building is next to the classroom building. It is our 4 . How many
books are there in the library? I’m 5 . I don’t know. The computer rooms are on the first floor. There is a
6 behind the classroom building. It’s not big, 7 I like it very much. You can always 8 me
play basketball there after school.
There are two school 9 in our school. The school drivers are very nice. They take (带) 10
to school every day.
I like my new school. What about your school? Do you like it?
Yours,
Liu Gang
1．A．who B．what C．where D．how
2．A．small B．same C．cold D．new
3．A．workers B．nurses C．doctors D．students
4．A．teaching building B．art room C．library D．sports hall
5．A．sorry B．fine C．welcome D．hot
6．A．playground B．music room C．dining hall D．science lab
7．A．and B．but C．after D．or
8．A．say B．write C．enjoy D．see
9．A．trees B．rooms C．buses D．teachers
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司10．A．us B．you C．it D．her
二、阅读理解
A
Sophia is 11 years old and she lives in England. She usually gets up at 6:45. She has a shower and gets
dressed. Then she brushes her teeth. She always runs for an hour. After that, she has breakfast.
Then she takes her schoolbag and walks to school. Classes start at 8:30 and finish at 4:30. She usually has
lunch at school with her classmates at twelve o’ clock. Her best friend is Amy, and Sophia always sits next to her at
lunch. They usually eat rice, carrots, and meat.
After school, she goes back home and usually listens to music and watches TV to relax. But before that, she
must finish her homework first.
At 7:30, it is time for dinner. She has a sandwich with strawberry juice. Then she usually reads a book.
Finally, she goes to bed at about ten o’ clock. But before that, she brushes her teeth. Such is Sophia’s daily routine.
11．What does Sophia do after running?
A．She has a shower. B．She gets dressed.
C．She brushes her teeth. D．She has breakfast.
12．How many hours does Sophia stay at school on school days?
A．Nine. B．Ten. C．Six. D．Eight.
13．What time does Sophia have lunch?
A．At 12:00. B．At 11:30. C．At 12:30. D．At 11:00.
14．What does Sophia do after dinner?
A．She draws pictures. B．She reads a book.
C．She watches TV. D．She plays the piano.
15．Put Sophia’s daily routine into the correct order according to the passage.
a. She walks to school. b. She has lunch at school.
c. She listens to music. d. She gets up. e. She does her homework.
A．d-c-a-b-e B．d-a-c-e-b C．d-a-b-e-c D．d-b-a-c-e
B
Welcome to my school. 16 There are 5 buildings in our school. There is a classroom building in
the middle of the school. On its left is a sports field. 17 On the right of the classroom building are a
library, a dining hall and an office building. The library is at the front. 18
I’m in Class 6, Miss Chen’s class. She is my Chinese teacher. Her classes are very interesting. 19
There are 45 students in my class, 25 boys and 20 girls. You can see a television on the wall. 20 There
are four pictures on the wall, too.
A．We all like her very much.
B．A map of China is next to it.
C．A science building is behind the sports field.
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司D．It’s not very big but it’s very nice.
E．The dining hall is between the library and the office building.
F．There are some trees in front of the sports field. Everyone has a favourite place in his or her school.
一、阅读理解
配对阅读。左栏是五位学生的需求，右栏是七位学科老师的介绍。请为每位学生选择合适的老师。
A．Mr. White is a nice teacher. He teaches history at
school. His class is interesting. If you want to learn more
about history, come and study with Mr. White.
1 Sally is a nice girl. She likes all the
B．Mr. Wang is a math teacher. He teaches math very
subjects. She is good at English but she doesn’t do well
well. He makes math easy and fun. All his students like
in math. She thinks it’s difficult for her.
him and his classes.
2 Billy is an active (好动的) boy. He likes
C． Miss Brown is a young art teacher. She is very
playing sports and he is interested in basketball. He
beautiful and kind. She is popular with her students in
wants to do well in it.
her school.
3 Sue is a quiet girl. She likes art and music
D．Miss Zhu is a popular PE teacher. She is good at
very much but she can’t draw well. She wants to learn
many sports. There are always a lot of fun games in her
to draw pictures.
class.
4 Anna likes English very much. She does
E. Do you want to learn English well? Do you want to
well in writing but she can’t speak it well. She needs
speak English well? Mr. Black can help you. He can
someone to help her.
speak English well.
5 Jack is a clever boy. He is good at many
F. Mr. Zhang is a Chinese teacher. He teaches Chinese
subjects. He likes history best and wants to learn more
very well, but he is strict with his students.
about it. He really needs a good history teacher to help
G. Are you interested in physics world? Maybe Mr. Chen
him.
can help you. He is a popular physics teacher. He usually
tells some interesting stories about physics to his
students.
二、任务型阅读
Are you bored of ordinary birthday parties? Why not try an outdoor one? Here’re some birthday picnic ideas
for you!
★ You can have the party at a park, a shady spot (阴凉处) by a lake, or just in your own backyard.
★ The decorations (装饰品) and cake for the party can be planned around a topic. It can be a favorite movie,
a book or even a color.
★ Lay out picnic tablecloths and put a basket in the center of each tablecloth. Fill the baskets with snacks
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司and drinks.
★ Flowers are always a hit! You can use flowers and balloons to decorate a tree swing and make it a pretty
place to take pictures.
★ If you want to have some delicious cake, make sure to keep it cold. You should transport (运输) it to your
picnic place by using a cake carrier and a cooler.
★ Games with surprises are more exciting. Make a treasure hunt (寻宝游戏) and lead your guests to find
their gifts. Have fun!
1、2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下全文的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
6．The topic for the picnic party can be .
7．To have some delicious cake, you should make sure to .
8．How many ideas about birthday picnics are mentioned (提到)?
9．
10．
三、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。
Hi, I’m Kate. Alan is my friend and he invites me to his birthday party. He introduces (介绍) 11
(he) family to me before the party.
Alan’s mother is a teacher. Some of her 12 (son) friends are her students. They all like her. 13
(apple) are her favourite fruit. Alan’s father is a doctor. He 14 (spend) a lot of time on his work every
day.
Today is Alan’s birthday. There is a party and some surprises for him 15 night. His mum cooks
some beef and 16 (potato) for him. She also 17 (want) to buy Alan a scarf. There’s 18
sale at the store. Things are very cheap 19 it’s only 30 yuan for a scarf! The gift from Alan’s father is
really cool. 20 is it? It is a smart whiteboard! Alan must be happy with these gifts.
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司
