猜押 02 选词填空
3年真
猜押考点 考情分析 押题依据
题
1. 职场与沟通：聚焦团队合
作、冲突解决（如职场新人适
应、跨文化交际）。
2023年6
月上海高 近年高频考点包括词性转换（如名词
考英语
转形容词）、固定搭配（如 take into 2. 科技应用：如人工智能、大
2024年1 account）、上下文逻辑衔接。2023年 数据对生活的影响，需掌握相
选词填空
月上海春 “双赢谈判方法”语篇考查动词短语 关 术 语 （ 如 algorithm,
季高考英
辨析；2024年“智能科技”主题涉及 automation）。
语
词根词缀（如auto-、-logy）。
3. 心理健康：结合青少年压力
管理、情绪调节，涉及抽象名
词（如resilience, empathy）。
一，职场与沟通
1. 上海市宝山区2024届高三一模英语试题
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be
used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．invaluable B．roughly C． satisfying D．distraction E. simply F. advantage
G. reasonable H. performed I. schedule J. planned K. excellence
People tend to think that productivity involves doing several things at once, but according to
Cal Newport, the secret to success is the opposite of multitasking. Newport is the author of Deep
Work, a book that describes the benefits of focusing on one thing and doing it with 1 .
Newport defines deep work as “the ability to focus without 2 on a cognitively (认知
地) demanding task.” It’s the opposite of shallow work, which is made up of simple tasks that are
usually 3 while distracted.According to Newport, deep work is a(n) 4 skill in today’s economy. It allows you to
learn difficult things quickly and produce at a high level. Most people are distracted when they work,
so you learn to work without distraction, that gives you 5 . Deep work enables you to produce
to the best of your ability and acquire new skills quickly. Developing excellence in one’s craft can be
a deeply 6 try. But deep work itself is also a skill, which means the more time you spend at
it, the easier it gets. Moreover, if you only work at a shallow level, your ability to do deep work
decreases.
So how do you conduct deep work into your work life or your studies? It’s essentially
important to 7 deep work into your day. Otherwise, it’s easy to let your time fill up with
shallow work. Newport recommends doing deep work as your first task of the day. That way you get
it done before distractions build up. Shallow work does need to get done, but if you save it for later
in the day, you can get your deep work done, too.
Scheduling deep work sessions for the same time every day can turn them into a habit. This
makes it easier to spend time on them.
Because deep work is by definition cognitively demanding, you won’t be able to do it all day.
Beginners can usually only focus on deep work for 8 an hour, and even experts have trouble
going more than four hours. So set 9 goals for yourself. If you really focus, you’ll be
surprised at how much you accomplish in a few hours.
By focusing on 10 sessions of deep work, you can get more done in less time and
feel more satisfied.
【答案】
1．K 2．D 3．H 4．A 5．F 6．C 7．I 8．B 9．G 10．J
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了深度工作的重要性以及怎样才能有效进行深度
工作。
1．考查名词。句意：Newport是《深度工作》一书的作者，这本书描述了专注于一件事并出
色地完成它的好处。分析句子可知，空处作 with的宾语，结合“the benefits of focusing on one
thing”和下文提到的“Developing excellence”可推知，名词excellence“卓越，出色”符合题意，
表示专注于一件事并出色地完成它。故选K。
2．考查名词。句意：Newport将深度工作定义为“专注于一项认知要求很高的任务而不分散
注意力的能力”。分析句子可知，空处作without的宾语，结合“the ability to focus”和“while
distracted”可推知，名词distraction“分心，分散注意力”符合题意，表示专注而不分散注意力。
故选D。
3．考查动词。句意：它与浅薄的工作相反，浅薄的工作是由简单的任务组成的，这些任务通常是在分心的情况下完成的。分析句子可知，空处和 are 构成句子的谓语，结合“simple
tasks”和“while distracted”可推知，动词的过去分词形式 performed“执行，做”符合题意，构
成被动语态，表示在分心的情况下完成这些任务。故选H。
4．考查形容词。句意：Newport认为，在当今的经济环境下，深度工作是一项宝贵的技能。
分析句子可知，空处修饰skill，结合“It allows you to learn difficult things quickly and produce
at a high level.”可推知，形容词invaluable“宝贵的”符合题意，表示这是一项宝贵的技能。故
选A。
5．考查名词。句意：大多数人在工作时都会分心，所以你要学会不受干扰地工作，这会给你
带来优势。分析句子可知，空处作 gives的直接宾语，结合“Most people are distracted when
they work, so you learn to work without distraction”可推知，名词advantage“优势”符合题意，
表示不受干扰地工作会带来优势。故选F。
6．考查形容词。句意：在一个人的职业中发展卓越可能是一个非常令人满意的尝试。分析句
子可知，空处修饰 try，结合“Developing excellence in one’s craft” 可推知，形容词
satisfying“令人满意的”符合题意，表示这样的做法是令人满意的尝试。故选C。
7．考查动词。句意：在一天中安排深度工作是非常重要的。分析句子可知，空处需用动词原
形构成固定句型“it is+形容词+to do sth.”，结合“deep work into your day”可推知，动词原形
schedule“安排”符合题意，表示把深度工作安排进一天中。故选I。
8．考查副词。句意：初学者通常只能专注于深度工作大约一个小时，即使是专家也很难超过
四个小时。分析句子可知，空处修饰 an hour，结合“and even experts have trouble going more
than four hours”可知，此处描述专注于深度工作的时间长度，副词roughly“大概，大约”符合
题意，表示初学者只能专注大约一个小时。故选B。
9．考查形容词。句意：所以为自己设定合理的目标。分析句子可知，空处修饰 goals，结合
“Because deep work is by definition cognitively demanding, you won’t be able to do it all day.”可
推知，形容词reasonable“合理的”符合题意，表示需要设定合理的目标。故选G。
10．考查形容词。句意：通过专注于有计划的深度工作，你可以在更短的时间内完成更多的
工作，并感到更满意。分析句子可知，空处修饰sessions，结合“you can get more done in less
time and feel more satisfied”可推知，形容词planned“有计划的”符合题意，表示专注于有计划
的深度工作。故选J。
二，科技应用
2. 2024届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only
once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．empowers B．termed C． interaction D．implications E. advances F.
question G. obtained H. additionally I. pressure J. currently K. defining
A New Era of Creative Partnerships
In a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI, researcher Janet Rafner
from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University
and Prof. Jacob Sherson, director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence, together with international
partners, discuss research and societal 11 of creativity and AI.The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and
developing co-creativity, the interaction between humans and machines towards what is 12 a
human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面)
that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and
hereby supporting a relationship that best 13 each other.
Rafner comments: To date, most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of
human-computer 14 and focus on the abilities of the AI, and the interaction design and
dynamics.
While these 15 are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and
algorithms(算法) and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product, there is an urgent
need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity 16 over the past decades
in the psychological sciences.
“Right now, we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative?
One reason for this is that 17 creativity is not set in stone. When investigating human only,
machine only, and human-AI co-creativity, we need to consider the type and level of creativity
under 18 , from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine
automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention; 19 , it is
much more meaningful to consider some questions like, what are the similarities and differences in
human cognition, behavior, motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能) between human-AI co-creativity
and human creativity?”explains Rafner.
We, 20 , don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines,
because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear. Looking ahead,
researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding, towards the goal of
developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.
【答案】
11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．E 16．G 17．K 18．F 19．H
20．J
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能与人类创造力合作的新领域，强调了
人机共同创造力的重要性和研究方向。
11．考查名词。句意：在《自然·人类行为》杂志关于人工智能特刊的一篇新论文中，来自奥
胡斯高级研究所和奥胡斯大学混合智能中心的研究员珍妮特·拉夫纳以及该中心主任雅各布·谢尔森教授与国际合作伙伴一起，讨论了创造力与人工智能的研究和社会影响。根据下文
“creativity and AI(创造力与人工智能的)”可推理出空白处应填表示“影响”含义的名词，用
复数形式。故选D。
12．考查动词、被动语态。句意：研究团队认为，我们应该将注意力转向理解和发展共同创
造力，即人与机器之间的互动，朝着所谓的以人为中心的人工智能和混合智能发展。分析句
子结构，根据空白处前面的助动词 is可知此处使用了一般现在时的被动语态，根据下文“a
human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence(以人为中心的人工智能和混合智能发)”可推理出空白
处应填表示“称之为……”含义的表达，故选B。
13．考查动词。句意：通过这种方式，我们将能够开发出既能确保通过人工智能实现高度自
动化，又能保持人类控制的界面，从而支持彼此最能赋能的关系。根据上文“In this way we
will be able to develop interfaces( 界 面 ) that at the same time ensure both high degrees of
automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best(通过这
种方式，我们将能够开发出既能确保通过人工智能实现高度自动化，又能保持人类控制的界
面，从而支持最能……的关系)”以及下文“each other(互相)”可推理出空白处应填表示“授权；
给……权力”含义的动词，故选A。
14．考查名词。句意：拉夫纳评论道：迄今为止，关于人-AI共同创造力的大多数研究都来自
人机交互领域，并关注于 AI 的能力以及交互设计和动态。根据上文“the field of human-
computer(人机……领域)”可推理出空白处应填表示“互动”含义的名词，作宾语。故选C。
15．考查名词。句意：虽然这些进展对于理解人与算法之间的动态以及人对共同创造过程和
产品的态度至关重要，但迫切需要用过去几十年心理学科学中获得的关于创造力的见解来丰
富这些应用。根据上文“ focus on the abilities of the AI, and the interaction design and
dynamics(关注于AI的能力以及交互设计和动态)”可推理出空白处应填表示“进展”含义的名
词，these后接名词复数。故选E。
16．考查动词。句意：同上。根据上文“the insights about creativity(关于创造力的见解)”可推
理出空白处应填表示“获得”含义的表达，与the insights about creativity为被动关系，用过去
分词。故选G。
17．考查动词。句意：其中一个原因是，对创造力的定义并非一成不变。根据下文
“creativity is not set in stone(对创造力的……并非一成不变)”可推理出空白处应填表示“定
义”含义的表达，动名词作主语。故选K。
18．考查名词。句意：在研究仅限人类的、仅限机器的，以及人-AI共同创造力时，我们需要
考虑所探讨的创造力的类型和水平，从可能更适合机器自动化的日常创造性活动，到可能需
要更高层次人类干预的贡献。根据上文“the type and level of creativity(创造力的类型和水平)”
可知此处表达的是“在探讨中的创造力的类型和水平”，under question为固定短语，含义为
“在探讨中的”，故选F。
19．考查副词。句意：此外，考虑一些问题更有意义，比如，在人-AI共同创造力和人类创造
力之间，人类认知、行为、动机和自我效能有何相似性和差异？”拉夫纳解释道。根据下文
“it is much more meaningful to consider some questions(考虑一些问题更有意义)”可推理出空白
处应填表示“另外”含义的表达，故选H。
20．考查副词。句意：我们目前对人与机器之间的共同创造力了解不够，因为人类与人工智
能之间的界限并不总是清晰的。根据下文“don’t know enough about co-creativity between
humans and machines(对人与机器之间的共同创造力了解不够)”可推理出空白处应填表示“目
前”含义的副词，作状语。故选J。
3. 2024届上海市金山区高三下学期二模英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.
Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．actually B．amazed C． breathtaking D．critics E. gradually F. prize G.
reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched
Will AI allow humans to play a part?
Rebecca used to have a regular job, translating a fashion brand’s website into German. One day
a big change happened. The company 21 to using machine translation. She kept the job, and
it still paid the bills; however, she was now there to check and 22 whatever was produced by
the computer. But there was a complaint.
“What it meant, 23 , was that we humans were training a machine,” she says. Each
corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt, each pair of skinny jeans, was a data point for the robot
that was going to replace her. With the 24 of chat programs that can imitate humans, the
world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means. What will it do
for our jobs if many once 25 professions — law, accountancy, medicine — disappear? What
does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most 26 — intelligence — has
become the cheapest product on the planet? Translators, for good and ill, don’t have to wonder. “You
can take the world of translators and interpreters as a 27 of the world,” says Nicki Bone,
chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting. Not all of them are
adjusting. “Of course, we have our 28 ,” but she adds, “There are also opportunities, and
optimists.”
The speed of change, though, has been 29 . Increasingly, says Bone, she and her
colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.
For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of
words per hour, I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are
happy to take on. Some won’t, as a matter of principle.”
As we are 30 at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are,
compared with the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay.
【答案】
21．K 22．J 23．A 24．H 25．I 26．F 27．G 28．D 29．C
30．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能对于语言翻译行业的影响。
21．考查动词。句意：该公司转而使用机器翻译。根据“to using machine translation”以及句
意“转变”可知应填动词switch，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选K。
22．考查动词。句意：她保住了那份工作，而且还能养家糊口；然而，她现在在那里检查和
规范计算机产生的任何东西。根据“whatever was produced by the computer”以及句意“规范”
可知应填动词standardize，根据上文to check and可知应填原形。故选J。
23．考查副词。句意：“实际上，这意味着我们人类在训练一台机器，”她说。根据“was
that we humans were training a machine”以及句意“实际上”可知应填副词 actually，作状语。
故选A。
24．考查名词。句意：随着可以模仿人类的聊天程序的发布，世界开始考虑人工智能的到来
意味着什么。根据“of chat programs that can imitate humans”以及句意“发布”可知应填名词
release，作宾语，不可数。故选H。
25．考查形容词。句意：如果许多曾经坚实的职业——法律、会计、医学——消失，对我们
的工作将会有什么影响？根据“law, accountancy, medicine”以及句意“坚实的”可知应填形容
词solid，作定语修饰名词professions。故选I。
26．考查动词。句意：当人类最珍视的东西——智力——成为这个星球上最便宜的产品时，
作为人类意味着什么？根据“intelligence”以及句意“珍视”可知应填动词prize，作谓语，陈
述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选F。
27．考查名词。句意：“你可以把笔译和口译员的世界看作是世界的反映，”翻译和口译协
会董事会主席尼基·伯恩说。根据“of the world”以及句意“反映”可知应填名词 reflection，
作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选G。
28．考查名词。句意：“当然，我们也有批评者，”但她补充说，“也有机会，也有乐观主
义者。”根据“Not all of them are adjusting.”以及句意“批评者”可知应填复数名词 critics，
作宾语。故选D。
29．考查形容词。句意：然而，变化的速度是惊人的。根据“Increasingly, says Bone, she and
her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw
material.(Bone说，她和她的同事们越来越多地扮演着机器第一遍编辑的角色，而不是原始材
料的翻译)”以及句意“惊人的”可知应填形容词breathtaking，故选C。
30．考查形容词。句意：当我们惊叹于ChatGPT及其模仿人类写作的强大能力时，与其他职
业相比，翻译是敏感的。根据“at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing”以及句
意“惊叹”可知应填形容词amazed，作表语。故选B。
三，心理健康
4. 2024届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.
Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．activate B．amounted C． compared D．energetic E.
guidelines F. identify
G. image H. influenced I. respects J. review K. substantial
Exercise Can Help Prevent Depression, Study Finds
How often do you exercise? A new 31 from researchers at the University of Cambridgeshows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression, even if they exercise less than
the recommended amount.
The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in 2.5 to 5
hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and 15 minutes to 2.5 hours of 32 aerobic
(有氧的) exercise per week or some combination of the two.
Adults who took a walk for what 33 to 2.5 hours per week were less likely to develop
depression than those who didn’t exercise at all, the study found. But even those who exercised less
felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all, according to researchers. “In this study, a relatively
small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n) 34 decrease in risks of
depression,” the study says. The researchers analyzed 15 studies with nearly 200,000 participants.
Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an 18% lower
risk of depression 35 with adults who did not exercise, the study says. Participants who
exercised the recommended amount had a 25% lower risk of depression than those who did not.
Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly 36 depression risk, according to
researchers.
Many 37 of exercise can lead to improved mental health. For example, working out can
increase circulation (血液循环) to the brain and 38 the central nervous system, leading to
what many refer to as a “runners high,” the study says. More exercise can also lead to improved
physical health and a better body 39 , which can cause a person to be more social, researchers
say.
Nearly 5% of adults in the U.S. report regular feelings of depression, according to the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention. Among the study participants, researchers estimate that 1 in
every 9 cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise
40 , the study says.
【答案】
31．J 32．D 33．B 34．K 35．C 36．H 37．I 38．A 39．G
40．E
【来源】2024届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现，运动有助于预防抑郁症。
31．考查名词。句意：剑桥大学(University of Cambridge)研究人员的一项新综述显示，那些
锻炼的人不太可能患上抑郁症，即使他们的运动量低于推荐量。分析句子可知，空前为形容词new，此处应为名词形式，review“综述”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
32．考查形容词。句意：美国卫生与公众服务部(Department of Health and Human Services)建
议成年人每周进行2.5至5小时的适度运动，或每周进行1小时15分钟至2.5小时的高强度有
氧运动，或两者兼而有之。分析句子可知，空后 aerobic exercise为名词短语，此处应为形容
词作定语修饰该名词短语，energetic“高能的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。
33．考查固定短语。句意：研究发现，每周散步2.5小时的成年人患抑郁症的可能性低于那
些根本不运动的人。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语 amount to“总结，共达”，满足句意要
求，结合上下文时态可知，amount为过去时形式。故选B项。
34．考查形容词。句意：该研究称：“在这项研究中，相对少量的体育活动与抑郁症风险的
大幅降低有关。”分析句子可知，空后decrease为名词，此处应为形容词形式作定语修饰该
名词，substantial“大量的，大幅的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。
35．考查固定短语。句意：研究称，那些每周进行建议运动量一半的人患抑郁症的风险比不
锻炼的成年人低18%。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语compared with“与……相比”，满足
句意要求。故选C项。
36．考查动词。句意：研究人员表示，超过推荐量的运动量几乎不会影响患抑郁症的风险。
分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，influenced“影响”为动词，符合句意。故选H
项。
37．考查名词。句意：锻炼在很多方面都能改善心理健康。分析句子可知，空前为 Many，此
处应为复数名词形式，respects“方面”为复数名词，符合句意。故选I项。
38．考查动词。句意：例如，研究表明，锻炼可以增加大脑的血液循环，激活中枢神经系统，
导致许多人所说的“跑步者兴奋”。分析句子可知，空前为and连接的动词increase，此处也
应为动词形式，构成并列谓语成分，activate“激活”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。
39．考查名词。句意：研究人员说，更多的锻炼还可以改善身体健康和更好的身体形象，这
可以使一个人更善于社交。分析句子可知，空前为better形容词，此处为名词形式，image“形
象”为名词，和body构成名词短语，body image“身体形象”，符合句意。故选G项。
40．考查名词。句意：研究称，在研究参与者中，研究人员估计，如果每个人都遵守推荐的
锻炼指南，每9例抑郁症中就有1例可能得到预防。分析句子可知，空前recommended形容
词，此处应为名词形式，guidelines“指南”为名词，和 exercise 构成名词短语，exercise
guidelines“锻炼指南”，符合句意。故选E项。
5. 2025届上海市崇明区高三二模英语试题
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used
once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．cultivate B．dependence C． generating D．insufficient E.
learnable
F. predictor G. quitting H. restriction I. underlying J. widespread
K. wind
The Importance of Willpower
No matter what your goals are in life, willpower is of great importance. Willpower is also of
critical importance for behavioral change. Whether you’re 41 a bad habit, trying to get in
shape, or struggling with procrastination (拖延症), you’ll need willpower. Of course, I’m all aboutusing strategies to reduce our 42 on willpower, but you cannot remove the need for
willpower entirely.
A steady, disciplined use of willpower might seem like a(n) 43 of personal freedom,
but it is not. If 44 willpower leaves you a slave to bad habits and addictions, then you’re not
really free. If you can’t gather the willpower to overcome procrastination and earn a better life for
yourself, then you’re not really free. To 45 true freedom, you’ll need willpower.
Importantly, research has shown that self-control is 46 . When researchers teach people
with poor self-control the strategies used by those with high self-control, the poor self-control
subjects improve. Willpower is not fixed; it can be developed through strategy and practice.
People who learn to master willpower become active agents in life, and discover that they are
response-able in every situation. And this applies to their behaviors as well as their emotions. Walter
Mischel described self-control as “the ‘master talent’ 47 emotional intelligence, essential for
constructing a satisfying life.”
It’s hard to find anyone who says that willpower doesn’t matter. Yet, despite the 48
agreement about how important willpower is, there is very little agreement in the scientific
community about how willpower actually works.
Walter Mischel is the man behind the famous “marshmallow (棉花软糖) test” and the author of
a book by the same name. His research appeared to show that young children with high self-control
49 up doing better as high schoolers and adults, but more recent research has proved this finding
wrong, showing that the willpower levels of young children are not a good 50 of later
success.
This makes sense because the prefrontal cortex — the area of the brain responsible for
willpower — is poorly developed in young children and doesn’t finish developing until early
adulthood.
【答案】
41．G 42．B 43．H 44．D 45．A 46．Ε 47．Ι 48．J 49．K
50．F
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了意志力的重要性，包括其在行为改变、培养真
正自由以及情绪智力等方面的作用。
41．考查动词。句意：无论你是在戒除一个坏习惯、努力保持健康的体型，还是在与拖延症
作斗争，你都需要意志力。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词形式担当谓语动词；根据空后的“a bad habit”以及下文“trying to get in shape, or struggling with procrastination (拖延症)”可
推测，空处意为“戒除坏习惯、改掉坏习惯”；选项 G“quitting”意为“戒除”，与此相符。
故选G。
42．考查名词。句意：当然，我完全支持运用各种策略来减少我们对意志力的依赖，但你无
法完全消除对意志力的需求。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当不能有；根据下文
“but you cannot remove the need for willpower entirely”可推测，空处意为“依赖”。选项
B“dependence”，名词，意为“依赖”，符合句意。故选B。
43．考查名词。句意：始终如一地、有纪律地运用意志力，这可能看起来像是对个人自由的
一种限制，但实际上并非如此。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据上文
“A steady, disciplined use of willpower”可推测，始终如一地、有纪律地运用意志力看起来是
对个人自由的限制。选项H“restriction”，名词，意为“限制”，符合句意。故选H。
44．考查形容词。句意：如果意志力不足让你成为坏习惯和成瘾行为的奴隶，那么你并不是
真正的自由。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰名词“willpower”；根据下文“a
slave to bad habits and addictions”可推测，空处指的是“不充足的”。选项 D“insufficient”，意
为“不充足的”符合句意。故选D。
45．考查动词。句意：要培养真正的自由，你需要意志力。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动
词原形；根据下文“you’ll need willpower.”可推测，空处意为“培养、养成”；选项
A“cultivate”，动词原形，意为“培养”，符合句意。故选A。
46．考查形容词。句意：重要的是，研究表明自我控制是可以学习的。分析句子成分可知，
空处考查形容词形式担当表语；根据下文“Willpower is not fixed; it can be developed through
strategy and practice.”可知，意志力是可以习得的。选项E“learnable”，意为“可学习的”，符
合句意。故选E。
47．考查动词。句意：Walter Mischel将自我控制描述为“构成情商的‘核心才能’，对于构
建令人满意的生活至关重要”。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词的非谓语动词形式；根据
空前“the ‘master talent”和空后“emotional intelligence”可推测，空处意为“构成”。选项
I“underlying”，意为“是……的基础”，符合句意。故选I。
48．考查形容词。句意：然而，尽管人们普遍认同意志力的重要性，但在科学界，对于意志
力究竟是如何起作用的，却很少达成共识。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式修饰名
词；根据下文“there is very little agreement in the scientific community about how willpower
actually works.”中的“little”可推测，空处的意思与此相反。选项 J“widespread”，意为“普遍
的”，符合句意。故选J。
49．考查动词。句意：他的研究似乎表明，自我控制能力强的幼儿在成为高中生和成年人后
往往表现得更好，但最近的研究证明这一发现是错误的，研究表明幼儿的意志力水平并不能
很好地预测他们日后的成功。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词形式担当谓语动词；根据下
文“but more recent research has proved this finding wrong, showing that the willpower levels of
young children are not a good 10 of later success.”可推测，他的研究结果和下文不同，
也就是说自我控制能力强的幼儿在成为高中生和成年人后往往表现得更好。选项 K“wind”，
构成短语“wind up”，意为“提升”，符合句意。故选K。
50．考查名词。句意：他的研究似乎表明，自我控制能力强的幼儿在成为高中生和成年人后
往往表现得更好，但最近的研究证明这一发现是错误的，研究表明幼儿的意志力水平并不能
很好地预测他们日后的成功。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式；根据上一句“His
research appeared to show that young children with high self-control ___9___ up doing better as
high schoolers and adults”以及“but”可知，幼儿的意志力水平并不能很好地预测他们日后的成
功。选项F“predictor”，意为“预测”，符合句意。故选F。
