热点话题02 黑猩猩有时相互进行“急救”——
动物研究
目录
时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解
【原创·阅读理解】
【课标词汇积累】
【课标词汇训练】
【参考译文】
好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练
【阅读理解】
【阅读7 选5】
【完形填空】
【语法填空】
【话题·导语】
科学家们长期以来已知黑猩猩有时会将树叶或昆虫用作药物。如今，乌干达研究黑猩猩的科学家发现，这
些动物有时会彼此提供“急救”。这表明黑猩猩可能具备思考如何帮助他人以及自身的意识。
【原文·时文阅读】
文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2025/06/04/chimps-perform-first-aid-on-each-other/
Scientists have long known that chimpanzees sometimes use leaves or insects as medicine. Now, researchers
studying chimpanzees in Uganda have discovered that the animals will sometimes provide “first aid” to each other.
This suggests that chimpanzees may be able to think about how to help others, as well as themselves.
Chimpanzees are one of the animal species most closely related to humans. Because of this, researchers have
carefully studied the lives of chimpanzees in many different ways. One area that has scientists curious is how
chimpanzees care for themselves when they are sick or hurt.
读时文精读
In 2021, Dr. Elodie Freymann went to Uganda to study the chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest. She was
interested in learning more about the methods the chimpanzees used to help themselves when they got hurt. Dr.
Freymann had already done work investigating how chimps eat certain plants, using them as medicine.
As Dr. Freymann was looking through notes from other researchers, she noticed that there were several
stories about chimpanzees caring for themselves or others. She and her team decided to look through 30 years of
notes from researchers who had studied chimpanzees in the region. They also spent eight months studying two
separate groups of chimpanzees in the forest.
The researchers found 34 examples of chimpanzees treating their own wounds. Often this sort of “self-care”
was very basic, like licking a wound or cleaning themselves with leaves. Sometimes it was more complicated. In
some cases, Dr. Freymann says, the chimpanzees “chew the plants up, and then apply the chewed material to the
open injury.”
Licking a wound can help remove dirt and other small items that might make it hard for the wound to heal.
What’s more, the spit of some chimps can have chemicals that can help keep a wound from getting infected. The
leaves of some plants can do this, too.
The self-care of the chimps was interesting. But even more interesting were the seven cases they found of
chimpanzees helping out other chimpanzees. This seems to show that chimpanzees may be able to tell when
another chimpanzee needs help. It’s fairly unusual for animals to try to help another injured animal.
In one case, a teenage male chimp was seen sucking on the leg of another young male chimp, helping clean a
wound.
Some of the chimps who helped others weren’t even related. In one case, a male chimp helped an unrelated
female chimp escape from a rope trap that had caught her.
One big question for the scientists is how much of this behavior comes from the chimpanzees’ natural
instincts, and how much is learned from other chimps.
In one notable case, an adult female chewed a leaf to put on her wound. The chimp’s younger daughter saw
this, and then did exactly the same thing, chewing up a leaf and putting it on her mother’s injury.
Dr. Freymann believes that some behaviors come from instinct, but others seem so complicated that they’re
probably learned. She plans to continue studying chimpanzees in order to learn more.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What does Dr. Freymann think is more interesting？
A. The chimpanzees themselves lick the wounds to remove dirt.
B.A male chimp helped a female chimp escape from a rope trap.
C.The chimpanzees used certain plants to help themselves.
D.A teenage male chimp was seen sucking on the leg of his own.
B 细节理解。根据文章中的The self-care of the chimps was interesting. But even more interesting were the seven
cases they found of chimpanzees helping out other chimpanzees.（黑猩猩的自我照料行为引人关注。但更令人
惊叹的是，他们发现了七例黑猩猩互相救助的案例。）A male chimp helped a female chimp escape from a
rope trap.（一只雄性黑猩猩协助雌性黑猩猩逃脱绳索陷阱。）是七个案例中的一个，故选B。
2.What can we know about the chimps according to Dr. Freymann？
A.Chimps help each other from their instincts.
B.Chimps help themselves by learning from others.
C.Chimps help each other by learning from humans .
D.Chimps sometimes use leaves or insects as medicine.
D 细节理解题。根据文章中的Scientists have long known that chimpanzees sometimes use leaves or insects as
medicine.科学家们早就知道，黑猩猩有时会将树叶或昆虫当作药物使用。故选D。
3.Which is the best title of the passage?
A.Chimps Perform “First Aid” on Each Other.
B.Chimps Help Themselves When Hurt.
C.Chimps can Help Others by Instincts.
D.Chimps can Learn from Others.
A 考查主旨大意。根据文章的首段及全文内容可知，文章重点讲述研究黑猩猩进行相互进行急救的现象。
故选A。
4.What will Dr. Freymann probably do next?
A.Further investigate.
B.Study more notes.
C.Analyze more data.
D.Do some experiments.
A 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，Dr. Freymann 很可能进一步研究，黑猩猩的哪些行为是出于本
能，哪些是后天学习获得的。要研究这个问题，就需要进一步走近黑猩猩进行调研，才能通过观察它们的
行为进行研究。故选A。
【课标词汇积累】
1.species n.物种, 种类, 类型
Biologists taught us how different species interact in ecosystems, which inspired our school's environmental
club to create a biodiversity garden.
生物学家教会我们不同物种如何在生态系统中互动，这激发了我们学校环保俱乐部创建了一个生物多样性花园。
2.relate v.涉及, 联系, 叙述, 认同
Group discussions allowed us to relate physics formulas to real-life phenomena like rollercoaster rides.
小组讨论让我们将物理公式与过山车等现实现象联系起来。
3. curious adj.求知欲强的, 稀奇古怪的
The chemistry teacher encouraged curious questions, leading to an unexpected discussion about edible
chemical compounds.
化学老师鼓励好奇的提问，引发了一场关于可食用化合物的意外讨论。
4.investigate v.调查, 研究
We investigated why certain classrooms had better acoustics, using decibel meters borrowed from the
physics lab.
我们借用物理实验室的分贝仪，调查了为什么某些教室的音响效果更好。
5.apply v.申请, 应用, 适用, 涂，敷, 有关，涉及, 努力, 使全神贯注于
The "Startup Camp" taught us how to apply marketing theories to promote student-run businesses.
"创业营"教会我们如何应用营销理论来推广学生经营的业务。
6.chew v.咀嚼，嚼碎, （因紧张）咬
Teachers reminded us to chew thoroughly during lunch, linking it to better digestion and concentration in
afternoon classes.
老师们提醒我们在午餐时充分咀嚼，并将其与更好的消化和下午课的专注力联系起来。
7.instinct n.本能，天性, 冲动, 天资，天才
The basketball coach trained players to rely less on instinct and more on strategic positioning.
篮球教练训练球员减少依赖本能，更多地依靠战略定位。
8.complicated adj.复杂的, 难处理的
The math Olympiad team simplified complicated problems by breaking them into visual diagrams.
数学奥林匹克队通过将复杂问题分解成视觉图表来简化它们。
9.unusual adj.特别的，不寻常的, 独特的，别致的
During the school's "Reverse Day," teachers and students swapped roles, creating an unusual but
enlightening dynamic in the classroom.
在学校"角色互换日"中，师生交换身份，在教室里形成了一种不寻常但富有启发性的互动模式。
10.notable adj.值得注意的, 显著的, 著名的
Her notable research on sleep patterns influenced the school to adjust morning assembly times.
她对睡眠模式的显著研究影响了学校调整早晨集会时间。
【课标词汇训练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
1.Our science project compared local plant _____________, showing how urbanization affects their survival
rates.
我们的科学项目比较了本地植物物种，展示了城市化如何影响它们的存活率。
2.The counselor helped students _____________ their personal struggles to classic literature characters during
mental health week.
心理辅导员在心理健康周期间帮助学生将个人困境与经典文学角色联系起来。
3.A _____________ student discovered that altering the angle of a ramp significantly changed the marble's
velocity in our experiment.
一名好奇的学生发现，改变斜坡角度会显著影响实验中弹珠的速度。
4.The history club _____________ primary sources to debunk a myth about our school's founding date.
历史俱乐部调查原始资料，揭穿了关于我校建校日期的一个传言。
5.Students _____________ geometry concepts to design an optimal layout for the school's new vegetable
patch.
学生们运用几何概念为学校的新菜园设计了最佳布局。
6.The nutritionist demonstrated how _____________ speed affects blood sugar levels using glucose monitors.
营养师用血糖监测仪展示了咀嚼速度如何影响血糖水平。
7.When the fire drill alarm sounded, students followed evacuation _____________ practiced monthly.
当消防演习警报响起时，学生们按照每月演练的本能进行疏散。
8.A _____________ debate about school uniforms lasted three hours in the student council meeting.
关于校服的复杂辩论在学生议会会议上持续了三个小时。
9.The most _____________ improvement in our school was the installation of solar panels suggested by the
Green Committee.
我们学校最显著的改进是由绿色委员会建议安装的太阳能电池板。
10.Our literature teacher assigned an _____________ task—rewriting Shakespearean sonnets in emoji language,
which sparked hilarious yet insightful discussions.
文学老师布置了一项不寻常
——
的任务
用表情符号改写莎士比亚十四行诗，引发了既搞笑又深刻的讨论。
Keys:
1.species 2.relate 3.curious 4.investigated 5.applied 6.chewing 7.instincts 8.complicated 9.notable
10.unusual
【参考译文】
科学家们长期以来已知黑猩猩有时会将树叶或昆虫用作药物。如今，乌干达研究黑猩猩的科学家发现，
这些动物有时会彼此提供“急救”。这表明黑猩猩可能具备思考如何帮助他人以及自身的意识。
黑猩猩是与人类亲缘关系最近的动物物种之一。基于这一特性，研究人员已通过多种方法对黑猩猩的
生活习性进行了深入研究。其中令科学家们尤为关注的一个领域，是黑猩猩在患病或受伤时如何进行自我
照料。
2021 年，Elodie Freymann 博士前往乌干达，对布东戈森林的黑猩猩展开研究。她特别关注这些灵长类
动物在受伤时的自我保护机制。此前，Freymann 博士已通过研究发现，黑猩猩会将某些植物作为药材食用。
当弗雷曼博士查阅其他研究人员的笔记时，她注意到有几篇关于黑猩猩自我照料或照料他人的报道。
她与团队决定查阅该地区研究黑猩猩的学者们30 年的研究记录。他们还花了八个月时间研究森林中两组不
同的黑猩猩。
研究人员发现了34 例黑猩猩处理自身伤口的案例。此类“自我护理”行为通常较为基础，例如舔舐伤
口或用树叶清洁。有时则更为复杂。Freymann 博士指出，在某些情况下，黑猩猩会“将植物咀嚼后，将咀
嚼后的物质涂抹于开放性损伤处”。
舔舐伤口有助于清除可能阻碍伤口愈合的污垢及其他微小异物。此外，部分黑猩猩的唾液含有可抑制
伤口感染的化学物质，某些植物的叶片亦具有相同作用。
黑猩猩的自我照料行为引人关注。但更令人瞩目的是，研究者发现了七例黑猩猩互相救助的案例。这
似乎表明黑猩猩可能具备识别同伴需要帮助的能力。动物主动救助受伤同伴的现象在自然界中较为罕见。
在一项案例中，观察到一只青春期雄性黑猩猩正在吮吸另一只年轻雄性黑猩猩的腿部，协助清理伤口。
部分协助他人的黑猩猩彼此并无亲缘关系。其中一例中，一只雄性黑猩猩帮助一只无亲缘关系的雌性
黑猩猩逃脱了绳索陷阱。
科学家们面临的一个重大问题是，这种行为中有多少源自黑猩猩的自然本能，又有多少是通过与其他
黑猩猩的学习获得的。
在一个显著案例中，一只成年雌性黑猩猩咀嚼一片叶子敷在伤口上。其幼女目睹后，亦效仿该行为，
咀嚼一片叶子并将其敷于母体伤口处。
弗雷曼博士认为，某些行为源于本能，而另一些行为则显得过于复杂，很可能属于后天习得。她计划
继续研究黑猩猩以获取更多见解。
Passage1 阅读理解
（2026·江苏省苏州市期中阳光调研）
The human interest with watching others — whether through reality TV or overheard drama — is often
dismissed as curiosity. But new research suggests this urge may be a social survival tool dating back millions of
years.
To explore the origins of social curiosity, Laura Lewis, a psychologist at the University of California, and her
colleagues studied how human children between four and six years old from San Francisco’s Bay Area and adult
chimpanzees responded to certain videos showing members of their respective species. The results show that both
groups preferred watching social interactions over scenes involving individuals — even giving away small rewards
to see the former.
“These findings demonstrate that social information is important, rewarding and valuable for humans and
other primate(灵长类)species,” Lewis says. “It suggests that social information was also important for our shared
primate ancestors and that for millions of years it has been adaptive for primates to gain social information about
those around them.”
Another recent study explored peer-watching behavior in long-tailed macaques(猕猴). Both female and male
macaques showed more interest in aggressive(好斗的)interactions than in peaceful brushing, and both paid more
attention to videos of familiar individuals. The study’s lead author, liesbeth Sterck, a primatologist at Utrecht
University, says the latter behavior mirrors the way humans are drawn to the social lives of people they recognize
— whether family, friends or movie stars. Interest in aggressive interactions, which are likely to reveal shifts in
练好题精练
dominance or signal potential threats, supports findings that humans are especially aware of watching conflict in
media. “Keeping track of the power balance in your own group likely has prime value for primates, including
humans,” Sterck says.
Gillian Forrester, who studies comparative cognition(认知)at the University of Sussex, says social attention
is key to maintaining a good reputation. In ancient humans and other primates, reputational damage can bar access
to food and mates, cause physical conflict and, in extreme cases, lead to potentially deadly rejection. With so much
at risk, primates developed to keep a close eye on group members. “Modern humans maintain this sharp attention to
other people’s social interactions as an evolutionary adaptation,” Forrester says — so people watching might just
pay off.
1．What did Laura Lewis and her team find in their study?
A．Children learned to become more social by watching others.
B．Chimpanzees showed more interest in watching individuals.
C．Children and Chimpanzees needed rewards to watch videos.
D．Children and Chimpanzees preferred watching social scenes.
2．Why are macaques and humans interested in aggressive interactions?
A．To chase the latest social trends.
B．To discover changes and threats.
C．To explore the social lives of friends.
D．To demonstrate their power over others.
3．What does Gillian Forrester find about reputational damage?
A．It affects human’s ability to find food.
B．It is mainly caused by physical fights.
C．It can lead to serious results like being excluded.
D．It can be avoided as primates value group harmony.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Reality TV satisfies human curiosity.
B．Social curiosity is developed in childhood.
C．Primates share similar behaviors with humans. D．People-watching has deep evolutionary origins.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类及其他灵长类动物热衷于观察他人社交的行为并非单纯
好奇，而是源于数百万年进化而来的社会生存适应性，具有重要生存价值。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The results show that both groups preferred watching social interactions over
scenes involving individuals — even giving away small rewards to see the former.(结果显示，两组研究对象都更
倾向于观看社交互动场景，而非仅涉及单个个体的画面——甚至愿意放弃小额奖励来观看前者。)”可知，
Laura Lewis 及其团队的研究结果显示，4-6 岁儿童与成年黑猩猩这两组研究对象，都更倾向于观看社交互
动场景，而非仅涉及单个个体的画面，甚至愿意放弃小额奖励来观看社交互动场景。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Interest in aggressive interactions, which are likely to reveal shifts in
dominance or signal potential threats, supports findings that humans are especially aware of watching conflict in
media.(对攻击性互动的关注（这类互动可能揭示支配地位的变化或发出潜在威胁信号），也印证了人类在
媒体中尤其关注冲突场景的研究发现。)”可知，猕猴和人类对攻击性互动感兴趣，是因为这类互动可能揭
示支配地位的变化或发出潜在威胁的信号。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Gillian Forrester, who studies comparative cognition(认知)at the
University of Sussex, says social attention is key to maintaining a good reputation. In ancient humans and other
primates, reputational damage can bar access to food and mates, cause physical conflict and, in extreme cases, lead
to potentially deadly rejection.(苏塞克斯大学比较认知学研究者Gillian Forrester 指出，对社交行为的关注是
维持良好声誉的关键。在远古人类及其他灵长类动物中，声誉受损可能导致无法获取食物和配偶、引发肢
体冲突，极端情况下还可能遭遇致命的排挤。)”可知，Gillian Forrester 发现，在远古人类和其他灵长类动
物中，声誉受损可能导致无法获取食物和配偶、引发肢体冲突，极端情况下还会导致致命的排挤。故选
C。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The human interest with watching others — whether through reality TV or
overheard drama — is often dismissed as curiosity. But new research suggests this urge may be a social survival
tool dating back millions of years.(人类热衷于观察他人——无论是通过真人秀节目还是偶然听到的八卦——
这种行为往往被简单归为好奇心。但新研究表明，这种冲动或许是一种可追溯至数百万年前的社会生存工
具。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇提出人类观察他人的行为是进化而来的社会生存工具，后续通过多项
针对人类儿童、黑猩猩、长尾猕猴的研究，印证灵长类动物关注社交信息的进化适应性。选项D“People-
watching has deep evolutionary origins.(观察他人的行为有深厚的进化起源)”精准概括全文核心，既呼应了开
篇可追溯至数百万年前的社会生存工具，也涵盖了后续研究对灵长类动物社交关注行为的进化意义的论证，
符合主旨。故选D。
【长难句分析】
【文章原句】To explore the origins of social curiosity, Laura Lewis, a psychologist at the University of California,
and her colleagues studied how human children between four and six years old from San Francisco’s Bay Area and
adult chimpanzees responded to certain videos showing members of their respective species.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，但成分比较复杂。To explore the origins of social curiosity 是不定式短
语作目的状语，how human children between four and six years old from San Francisco’s Bay Area and adult
chimpanzees responded to certain videos showing members of their respective species.是宾语从句。
【翻译】为探究社会好奇心的起源，加州大学心理学家劳拉·刘易斯与团队对旧金山湾区四至六岁儿童及成
年黑猩猩进行了实验研究，观察其对同类成员视频的反应差异。
Passage2 阅读理解
（2026·河北省沧州市高三一模）
Humans are equally related to apes ( 猿类), common chimpanzees and bonobos ( 倭黑猩猩), sharing a
common ancestor that lived around 7 million years ago. Scientists are particularly interested in how chimpanzees
communicate with each other. Given that these are our closest relatives, research on chimpanzee communication
can be a window into the development of human language.
While both species make sounds, the calls aren’t classified as true referential communication because they
don’t appear to have unambiguous meanings. For example, the most easily recognized chimpanzee call, the “pant-
hoot”, first fully described by Jane Goodall, a celebrated British ethologist, can mean various things in different
contexts. It’s mostly just a way to get someone’s attention or express anger, threat, surprise, or delight. Context and
facial expressions are needed to clarify the meaning.
We’ve long known that apes are capable of sign language, but the more interesting question is whether apes
use gestural (手势的) communication naturally. In a study by Catherine Hobaiter, a primatologist of the University
of St Andrews and Richard Byrne, a cognitive evolution theorist of the University of Stirling, UK, reported over
4,000 instances of body language and identified 66 specific chimpanzee gestures that are used regularly in the wild.
Each of these had stable meanings in a given context and was understood by the receiver of the gesture.
Recently, Richard and her coworkers detected 68 clearly understood gestures in wild bonobos, and 66 in
common chimpanzees. 60 of these gestures overlap ( 重叠) between the two. That 88% of the gestures overlap
between chimpanzees and bonobos despite more than a million years of separate development is strong evidence
for some form of biological-genetic (生物遗传的) basis for the gestures themselves, not just the ability to make
them.
In fact, there are at least 24 known gestures that are used in all great apes, implying that the body language of
hominids has roots that are at least 12 million years old. For this reason, many scientists see gestures as the original
basis of human language.
5．What does the underlined word “unambiguous” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Complex.
B．Clear.
C．Special.
D．Positive.
6．What does Catherine and Richard’s study reveal about ape gestures?
A．They vary greatly between species.
B．They require facial expressions.
C．They communicate specific messages.
D．They develop stably with age.
7．What does the gesture overlap between species suggest?
A．Genetic foundation.
B．Shared habitats.
C．Cultural depth.
D．Environmental adaptation.
8．Why did researchers study chimpanzee communication?
A．To protect endangered ape species.
B．To develop animal training methods.
C．To compare different ape behaviors.
D．To explore human language origins.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了黑猩猩与倭黑猩猩虽分化百万年，却共享60 种相同手势，这暗示了遗
传根基，同时研究揭示手势比叫声更似语言雏形，或为人类语言之源。
5．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“For example, the most easily recognized chimpanzee call, the “pant-hoot”,
first fully described by Jane Goodall, a celebrated British ethologist, can mean various things in different contexts.
It’s mostly just a way to get someone’s attention or express anger, threat, surprise, or delight. Context and facial
expressions are needed to clarify the meaning.(例如，最易于辨认的黑猩猩叫声——“喘息式鸣叫”（由著名
英国动物行为学家简·古道尔首次完整描述），在不同的语境中可能有多种含义。它主要只是用来引起某人
的注意或表达愤怒、威胁、惊讶或喜悦等情绪。要明确其含义，还需要结合语境和面部表情)”可知，pant-
hoot 在不同情境下可以表示不同含义，明确其含义，还需要结合语境和面部表情，即没有明确的含义。故
unambiguous 意为“明确的、清晰的”，与Clear 同义。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Each of these had stable meanings in a given context and was understood by the
receiver of the gesture.(这些动作在特定情境中都有明确的含义，并且能够被接受动作的主体所理解)”可知，
猿类手势能传达特定信息。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“That 88% of the gestures overlap between chimpanzees and bonobos despite
more than a million years of separate development is strong evidence for some form of biological-genetic basis for
the gestures themselves, not just the ability to make them.(尽管黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩经历了超过一百万年的独立
进化，但它们的许多动作方式却存在88%的重合现象。这一事实有力地证明了这些动作方式本身存在某种
生物遗传基础，而不仅仅是具备做出这些动作的能力)”可知，黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩在百万年独立进化后仍有
88%的手势重叠表明手势本身具有生物遗传基础。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Given that these are our closest relatives, research on chimpanzee communication
can be a window into the development of human language.(鉴于这些动物是我们最亲近的亲属，对黑猩猩交流
方式的研究能够为我们揭示人类语言发展的历程)”及最后一段“For this reason, many scientists see gestures
as the original basis of human language.(基于此，许多科学家认为手势是人类语言的最初起源)”可知，研究黑
猩猩交流的主要目的是探索人类语言的起源。故选D。
【词汇积累】
1.particularly adv. 特别；尤其；异乎寻常地 2.referential adj. 指示的，有参考内容的，用作参考的
3.recognize vt. 认出；识别；承认 vi. 承认，确认 4.ethologist n. （个体）生态学研究者，行为研究者 5.
original adj. 最初的；独创的；原作的 n. 原件，原稿；独特的人 6.regularly adv. 有规律地；经常；均匀
地 7.context n. (想法、事件等的)背景；上下文 8.gesture n. 手势；姿态 v. 打手势
Passage 3 阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2.modern man averaging
1200-1400 cm2.We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power,more
must be better.
1
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge consumption of energy on the body.It’s not easy to carry around.It’s even
harder to provides energy.In modern man,the brain accounts for about 2-3％of total body weight but it consumes
25％of the body’s energy when the body is at rest,apes only 8 ％of rest-time energy.Early humans paid for their
large brains in two ways.First,they spent more time for food.Second,their muscles grew smaller and weaker.
2
A chimpanzee(黑猩猩)can’t win an argument with a modern man,but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
3
That way,it’s easier to find food or enemies.Besides.their arms are freed for other purposes,like
throwing stones or signaling.As a result,humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
4
The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked
on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to all uptight position was quite a challenge,especially when
the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and
painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.
5
But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for
a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million
years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant tear of meat-eating animals.
A．Unfortunately, that is not the case.
B．Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.
C．However, it results in certain growing pains.
D．Actually, further more needs to be found out and tested.
E．Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.
F．It’s hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.
G．It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.
【答案】1．A 2．F 3．E 4．B 5．G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类大脑比较其它动物聪明的原因，同时讲述远古时代人类所
处的弱势情况。
1．根据前一句“We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more
must be better.”可知，我们非常喜欢我们的高智商，所以我们认为当涉及到脑力的时候，更多的智商一定会
更好；再根据第二段第一句“The fact is that a huge brain is a huge consumption of energy on the body.”可知，
事实上，一个巨大的大脑是对身体能量的巨大消耗。由此可知，空格前后之间是转折关系，所以，A 项
“不幸的是，事实并非如此”承上启下，符合语境。故选A 项。
2．根据上文“Early humans paid for their large brains in two ways. First, they spent more time for food. Second,
their muscles grew smaller and weaker.”可知，早期人类用两种方式经营自己的大脑。首先，他们花更多的时
间吃饭。其次，他们的肌肉越来越小，越来越弱。F 项“很难说这是一个很好的生存方式”与上文紧密衔
接，符合语境。故选F 项。
3．根据后一句“That way, it’s easier to find food or enemies.”可知，这样，就更容易发现食物或敌人。E 项
“人类的另一个特点是直立行走”与下文陈述的直立行走的优势相照应，紧密衔接，符合语境。故选E 项。
4．根据第四段第四句“Adjusting to all uptight position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to
support an extra-large skull.”可知，调整到直立的姿势是一个很大的挑战，特别是当骨头必须支撑一个超大
的头骨时。B 项“但是直立行走有它的缺点”引起下文，符合语境。故选B 项。
5．根据前一句“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.”可知，我们认为一个大脑袋有巨大的优
势。G 项“显然，这些使人类成为地球上最强大的动物”与上文紧密衔接，G 项中的“these”与前面的
“huge advantages”相呼应，符合语境。故选G 项。
Passage 4 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2026·广西邕衡教育
名校联盟联考）
In 1968, Ruth Davis and her husband Geza Teleki became Jane Goodall’s research assistants at Gombe
Stream, a remote chimpanzee reserve in Tanzania’s East African Rift, where Jane discovered that chimpanzees
made and used tools.
About thirty chimps regularly
1
their camp. Within weeks, Ruth had grown close to the chimps
and could identify most by sight. One day, she and Geza
2
several chimps to a rocky ridge. The chimps
settled in the trees, sharing pineapples Ruth had packed.
Suddenly, the earth shook. Dust rose and rocks slid down the slope. The chimps took
3
and
dropped to the ground. With their legs trembling, Ruth and Geza
4
gathered their equipment, leaning on
a rock for
5
. Then Geza saw Hugo, one of the biggest chimps, turn and
6
hard at Ruth. His hair
stood on end, making him seem to explode.
Unlike the other chimps, Hugo was scary and refused to
7
Geza or Ruth. He was
8
and
disliked being followed. Now he seemed to be considering his next
9
. Terrified, Geza shouted a warning
to Ruth. But it was too late — the hairy giant suddenly
10
her.
To Geza’s
11
, the chimp didn’t hurt her. He simply grabbed Ruth around the knees and
shoved her backward. Just then, the ground shook again. A giant tree uprooted itself and
12
exactly
where Ruth had been standing!
Shaken, Geza and Ruth hardly knew what to think. This most unlikely angel had made a
13
decision to act. He didn’t wait for
14
, simply turning around and walking away, satisfied that he had
15
his purpose.
1．A．attacked
B．decorated
C．departed
D．visited
2．A．followed
B．dragged
C．examined
D．pushed
3．A．control
B．notice
C．interest
D．part
4．A．instantly
B．gradually
C．casually
D．patiently
5．A．comfort
B．relief
C．balance
D．rest
6．A．frown
B．laugh
C．stare
D．nod
7．A．give way to
B．warm up to
C．get away from
D．take advantage of
8．A．quick-minded
B．strong-willed
C．thick-skinned
D．ill-tempered
9．A．move
B．aim
C．challenge
D．request
10．A．called to
B．rushed to
C．signaled to
D．turned to
11．A．amusement
B．sorrow
C．astonishment
D．satisfaction
12．A．grew
B．rose
C．sank
D．landed
13．A．kind
B．hard
C．foolish
D．reasonable
14．A．permission
B．appreciation
C．forgiveness
D．recognition
15．A．adjusted
B．sought
C．accomplished
D．supported
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C
12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。1968 年，研究助手鲁斯和格扎在坦桑尼亚贡贝溪跟踪黑猩猩时遭遇地震。脾气
暴躁的黑猩猩雨果突然冲向鲁斯，实则将她推开，避开了倒下的大树，以意外的善意完成了救人之举。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约有三十只黑猩猩会定期来到他们的营地。A. attacked 攻击；B. decorated
装饰；C. departed 启程；D. visited 拜访。根据后文“Within weeks, Ruth had grown close to the chimps and
could identify most by sight.(短短几周内，鲁斯就和这些黑猩猩建立了亲密的关系，并且能够通过它们的外
形来辨认出大多数个体)”可知，和黑猩猩建立了亲密的关系，说明黑猩猩会定期来到他们的营地。故选
D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她和格扎跟着几只黑猩猩来到了一片岩石山脊上。A. followed 跟
随；B. dragged 拖拉；C. examined 检查；D. pushed 推。根据后文“several chimps to a rocky ridge”指他们跟
着几只黑猩猩来到了一片岩石山脊上。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：黑猩猩们注意到了这一情况，便纷纷趴到了地上。A. control 控制；B. notice
注意；C. interest 兴趣；D. part 部分。根据上文“Suddenly, the earth shook. Dust rose and rocks slid down the
slope.(突然，大地摇晃起来。尘土飞扬，岩石从山坡上滚落下来)”可知，地震突然发生，黑猩猩应是注意
到异常后趴到地上，take notice（注意到）为固定搭配，符合突发状况下的反应。故选B。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：鲁斯和格扎双腿颤抖着，立刻收拾好他们的装备，倚靠在一块岩石上保持
平衡。A. instantly 立即；B. gradually 逐渐地；C. casually 随意地；D. patiently 耐心地。根据上文
“Suddenly, the earth shook. Dust rose and rocks slid down the slope.(突然，大地摇晃起来。尘土飞扬，岩石从
山坡上滚落下来)”可知，地震时岩石滑落，情况危急，鲁斯和格扎于是立刻收拾设备。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲁斯和格扎双腿颤抖着，立刻收拾好他们的装备，倚靠在一块岩石上保持
平衡。A. comfort 安慰；B. relief 缓解；C. balance 平衡；D. rest 休息。根据上文“Suddenly, the earth shook.”
以及“leaning on a rock for”可知，靠在岩石上是为了保持平衡，故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，格扎看到雨果（一只体型最大的黑猩猩）转过身来，紧紧地盯着鲁
斯。A. frown 皱眉；B. laugh 笑；C. stare 凝视；D. nod 点头。后文“His hair stood on end, making him seem
to explode.”提到雨果毛发直立，显得很有攻击性，此处应是死死盯着鲁斯，故选C。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：与其他黑猩猩不同，雨果性格凶猛，他根本不愿与格扎或鲁斯亲近。A.
give way to 让位给；B. warm up to 对……产生好感；C. get away from 离开；D. take advantage of 利用。根据
上文“Hugo was scary and refused to”可知，雨果性格凶猛，他根本不愿与格扎或鲁斯亲近。故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他脾气暴躁，讨厌被人跟踪。A. quick-minded 思维敏捷的；B. strong-
willed 意志坚强的；C. thick-skinned 厚脸皮的；D. ill-tempered 脾气坏的。根据上文“Hugo was scary”可知，
雨果脾气暴躁，故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在他似乎正在思考下一步该怎么做。A. move 移动；B. aim 目标；C.
challenge 挑战；D. request 要求。根据上文“Now he seemed to be considering his next”可知，雨果盯着鲁斯，
似乎在考虑下一步 “行动”，故选A。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但为时已晚——那个毛茸茸的庞然大物突然向她冲了过来。A. called to 打
电话给；B. rushed to 冲向；C. signaled to 示意；D. turned to 求助于。根据上文“Terrified, Geza shouted a
warning to Ruth. But it was too late”可知，格扎发出警告但为时已晚，说明雨果突然冲向鲁斯，故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令格扎感到惊讶的是，那只黑猩猩并没有伤害她。A. amusement 开心；B.
sorrow 悲伤；C. astonishment 惊讶；D. satisfaction 满意。根据后文“the chimp didn’t hurt her”可知，那只黑
猩猩并没有伤害她，这让格扎惊讶，故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一棵巨大的树木突然从地里拔起，准确地落在了鲁斯原本站立的位置上！
A. grew 成长；B. rose 上升；C. sank 下沉；D. landed 降落。根据后文“exactly where Ruth had been
standing!”可知，大树被连根拔起，正好落在鲁斯之前站的地方，故选D。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个看似不可能出现的天使最终还是做出了一个仁慈的决定并付诸行动。
A. kind 善良的；B. hard 困难的；C. foolish 愚蠢的；D. reasonable 合理的。根据上文“A giant tree uprooted
itself and________exactly where Ruth had been standing!”可知，雨果看似凶猛，却在地震中推开鲁斯救人，
这是善良的决定，故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没有等待别人的感谢，只是转身离去，心中充满了满足感，因为他已经
完成了自己的目标。A. permission 许可；B. appreciation 感激；C. forgiveness 原谅；D. recognition 认可。根
据上文“A giant tree uprooted itself and 12 exactly where Ruth had been standing!”及后文“simply turning
around and walking away”可知，雨果救了鲁斯后转身离开，没有等待感谢，故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有等待别人的感谢，只是转身离去，心中充满了满足感，因为他已经
完成了自己的目标。A. adjusted 调整；B. sought 寻找；C. accomplished 实现，达到；D. supported 支持。根
据后文“his purpose”可知，雨果满意地离开，说明他达成了救人的目的，故选C。
Passage 5 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Animals do have their own languages just as humans do. Scientists who study the evolution of language say
wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩) have a more complex communication system
1
past research has shown. The
researchers say the animals use over ten kinds of calls
2
can be combined into hundreds of different
orders.
The study team made 4,800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimpanzees
3
(live) in Ivory Coast’s National Park. It’s one of the last important
4
(area) of old-growth tropical forest
in West Africa and home to a variety of plants and animals, Chimpanzees stay the closest to humans. They are
5
(intelligence) and sociable. Chimpanzees make and use tools and can
6
(teach) a small amount of
human sign language.
Scientists
7
(know) that chimpanzees use different calls in
8
wild since a long time ago. But
the new study helped people
9
(far)understand the animals’ communication. Cedric was the lead writer of
the study. He spoke of the chimpanzee calls, “It is not a language but it is among the most complex forms of
communication
10
(describe) in a nonhuman world.” It can be seen that the secrets of nature are still
waiting for human beings to explore.
【答案】
1．than 2．that/which 3．living 4．areas 5．intelligent 6．be taught 7．have known
8．the 9．further 10．described
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物确实像人类一样有自己的语言。研究语言进化的科学家说，
野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要复杂得多。
1．考查介词。句意：研究语言进化的科学家说，野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要复杂得多。
根据上文中的 more 可知，此处应该是比较级句式。故填than。
2．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员表示，这种动物使用十多种叫声，这些叫声可以组合成数百个不同的
目。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句修饰先行词calls，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that 或which。
故填that/which。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究小组对生活在科特迪瓦国家公园的三组黑猩猩进行了4800 次通话录音。
分析句子结构可知，live 和其逻辑主语chimpanzees 之间是主动关系，故此处应该用现在分词，作定语。故
填living。
4．考查名词单复数。句意：它是西非原始热带森林最后的重要地区之一，是各种动植物的家园。黑猩猩
是离人类最近的动物。area 为可数名词，且one of the＋名词复数。故填areas。
5．考查形容词。句意：它们聪明又善于交际。根据下文中的 sociable 可知，此处应该用形容词作表语。
故填intelligent。
6．考查语态。句意：黑猩猩能制造和使用工具，还能学会少量的人类手语。该句主语和 teach 之间是动
宾关系，故can 后面应该用被动语态。故填be taught。
7．考查时态。句意：很久以前，科学家们就知道野生黑猩猩使用不同的叫声。根据下文中的时间状语
since a long time ago 可知，此处应该用现在完成时。主语为复数，谓语为复数。故填have known。
8．考查冠词。句意：很久以前，科学家们就知道野生黑猩猩使用不同的叫声。in the wild 意为“在野外”。
故填the。
9．考查副词。句意：但这项新研究帮助人们进一步了解动物的交流方式。此处应该用副词further 修饰动
词，意为“进一步”。故填further。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：它不是一种语言，但它是非人类世界中最复杂的交流形式之一。分析句子结
构可知，describe 和其逻辑主语communication 之间是被动关系，故此处应该用过去分词作定语。故填
described 。
