热点话题05 自然灾害——德克萨斯州水灾
目录
时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空
【原创·阅读理解】
【课标词汇积累】
【课标词汇训练】
【参考译文】
好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练
【阅读理解】
【7 选5】
【完形填空】
【语法填空】
【话题·导语】
最近美国德克萨斯州发生了严重的水灾，在得克萨斯州的洪水中，超过160 人失踪。可能需要几个月的时
间才能找到他们所有人。
【原文·时文阅读】
（文章来源：https://www.npr.org/2025/07/10/nx-s1-5462703/texas-floods-search-efforts）
It could take weeks — or even months — to locate the more than 160 people believed to be
missing after the deadly floods in Central Texas over the Fourth of July weekend, according to an
Army lieutenant general who led the military response to Hurricane Katrina.
Officials have not found any survivors of the Texas Hill Country floods since July 4. Gov. Greg
Abbott has pledged that search efforts will continue until every missing person is found.
But the thousands of officials and volunteers scouring the flood-affected zone are bound to run
into challenges posed by the wreckage and the current environmental conditions, retired Army
Lieutenant Gen. Russel L. Honoré told Morning Edition.
Honoré led the effort to bring military relief to New Orleans after Katrina in 2005 and has
spent years working on disaster recovery operations.
读时文精读
Search efforts can be painstakingly slow because piled up debris has to be carefully removed,
Honoré said.
"It's not like bringing the excavator in and start moving debris. You've got to take it off a piece
at a time and respect that that might be a person under the next piece of wood you're picking up,"
Honoré said. Rain that fell after the initial devastating flooding also slowed search efforts.
On Wednesday, the Kerville Police Department asked volunteers on social media to not use
heavy equipment to tear down large pieces of debris "due to the possibility that a victim could be
inside."
【原创·语法填空】
It could take weeks — or even months — to locate the more than 160 people believed to be
1._______(miss) after the deadly floods in Central Texas over the Fourth of July weekend,
according to an Army lieutenant general 2._______ led the military response to Hurricane
Katrina.
Officials have not found any survivors of the Texas Hill Country floods since July 4. Gov. Greg
Abbott has pledged that search efforts will continue until every missing person3._______(find).
But the thousands of officials and volunteers scouring the flood-affected zone are bound to run
into4._______(challenge) posed by the wreckage and the current environmental conditions,
5._______(retire) Army Lieutenant Gen. Russel L. Honoré told Morning Edition.
Honoré led the effort to bring military relief to New Orleans after Katrina in 2005 6._______
has spent years working on disaster recovery operations.
Search efforts can be 7._______(painstaking) slow because piled up debris has to be
carefully removed, Honoré said.
"It's not like bringing the excavator in and start moving debris. You've got to take it off a piece
at 8._______ time and respect that that might be a person under the next piece of wood you're
picking up," Honoré said. Rain that fell after the initial devastating flooding also slowed search
efforts.
On Wednesday, the Kerville Police Department asked volunteers on social media to not use
heavy 9._______(equip) to tear down large pieces of debris "due 10._______ the possibility
that a victim could be inside."
【答案】1.missing 2.who 3. is found 4.challenges 5.retired 6.and 7.painstakingly 8.a
9.equipment
10.to
【解析】
1.missing 考查词形转换。形容词作表语。
2.who 考查定语从句。在从句中作主语。
3. is found 考查被动语态。直到每个人被找到。
4.challenges 考查名词复数。意为：很多挑战。
5.retired 考查词形转换。此处意为：退休的。
6.and 考查连词。Led 和has spent 并列。
7.painstakingly 考查词形转换。修饰形容词slow 用副词形式。
8.a 考查冠词。 at a time 意为：一次。
9.equipment 考查词形转换。形容词heavy 后，用名词。
10.to 考查介词。此处due to 是介词短语。
【课标词汇积累】
1.deadly adj.致死的, (贬)极其, 破坏性的, 枯燥的
● The exam week was deadly; everyone stayed up late to study.
考试周简直要命，大家都熬夜学习。
2.response n.答复, 反应
●The teacher praised his quick response to the difficult question.
老师表扬了他对难题的迅速反应。
3.survivor n.幸存者，残存者，生还者
●After the sports day, I felt like a survivor of a marathon.
运动会结束后，我感觉自己像个马拉松幸存者。
4.pledge v.保证，许诺，发誓
●We made a pledge to keep the classroom clean.
我们承诺要保持教室整洁。
5.volunteer n.志愿者，自告奋勇者, ; v.自告奋勇, 主动提供
●She was the first to volunteer for the school charity event.
她是第一个自愿参加学校慈善活动的。
6.current adj.当前的, 流通的
●My current goal is to improve my math grades.
我当前的目标是提高数学成绩。
7.recovery n.恢复, 改善, 失而复得
● After the flu, his recovery was slow but steady.
流感过后，他的恢复虽慢但稳定。
8.excavator n.开凿者，发掘者, 挖掘机
●The history club used an excavator model to explain ancient ruins.
历史社用挖掘机模型讲解古代遗址。
9.initial adj.开始的; n.首字母
●Her initial reaction to the pop quiz was panic.
她对突击测验的最初反应是恐慌。
10.victim n.受害者，遇难者
●He became a victim of his own procrastination before finals.
期末考试前，他成了拖延症的受害者。
【课标词汇训练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
1.The final exams were _____________, but we supported each other through it.
2.The principal's quick _____________ to the bullying incident earned respect.
3.After pulling three all-nighters, she felt like a _____________ of exam week.
4.The class took a _____________ to stop using plastic bottles during field trips.
5.He _____________ to be the DJ for the school dance but forgot his playlist.
6.Her _____________ obsession is K-pop, judging by her locker decorations.
7.The football team's _____________ after losing 0-5 became legendary.
8.The archaeology club used toy_____________ in their sandbox dig.
9.His _____________ attempt at asking her to prom ended in stuttering.
10."I'm a _____________ of my own bad handwriting," he sighed during the essay test.
Keys:
1.deadly（期末考试要命，但我们互相支持熬了过来。）
2.response（校长对霸凌事件的迅速回应赢得了尊重。）
3.survivor（熬了三个通宵后，她觉得自己像考试周的幸存者。）
4.pledge（全班立誓要在郊游时停用塑料瓶。）
5.volunteered（他自告奋勇当舞会DJ，结果忘了带歌单。）
6.current（从她储物柜的装饰来看，她最近沉迷K-pop。）
7.recovery（足球队从0-5 惨败到逆袭的故事成了传奇。）
8.excavators（考古社用玩具挖掘机在沙盘里模拟挖掘。）
9.initial（他第一次邀请她去舞会时紧张得结巴。）
10.victim（作文考试时他叹气："我败给自己的烂字了。"）
【参考译文】
据曾指挥卡特里娜飓风救灾的陆军中将透露，要找到7 月4 日国庆节周末得克萨斯州中部致命洪灾后失踪
的160 多人，可能需要数周甚至数月时间。自7 月4 日以来，官方仍未发现得克萨斯丘陵区洪灾的任何幸存者。
州长格雷格·阿博特承诺搜救工作将持续至找到所有失踪人员。但正在灾区搜寻的数千名官员和志愿者，势必
会面临废墟堆积和恶劣环境带来的挑战。退役陆军中将拉塞尔·L·霍诺尔在接受《晨间新闻》采访时指出，2005
年卡特里娜飓风后他主导了新奥尔良的军事救援行动，并长期从事灾后重建工作。霍诺尔表示，由于堆积的残
“
骸必须小心清理，搜救工作往往进展缓慢：不像开挖掘机直接移动废墟，必须逐块清理，得注意下一块木头
”
下面可能还压着人。此外，最初毁灭性洪水后的降雨也拖慢了搜救进度。周三，凯维尔警察局在社交媒体呼
“
”
吁志愿者不要使用重型设备拆除大块残骸，因为可能存在被困人员。
Passage1 阅读理解
（2025·江西省九师联盟高三5 月检测模拟预测）
While Schenker’s home weathered Hurricane Helene in September, her friend’s home in Asheville was
destroyed by the flooding of the Swannanoa River. Schenker and her friend walked—the roads were blocked—to
check the condition of the home.
“We spent about four hours digging through the mud to look for any belongings of hers, because her house
literally just didn’t exist anymore,” Schenker recalled.
During that process, Schenker found about five individual photographs that didn’t belong to her friend or
anyone her friend knew. These photos kept Schenker up at night. She went back the next day and found more
photos from multiple families. “There were photos of a middle school basketball team or a beloved dog. I also
found a wedding photo of a bride hugging somebody,” Schenker said. “You take photos because you have a
moment you want to remember, and they did all seem special.”
Schenker started the Photos from Helene page online as a virtual Lost and Found, hoping that through the
page and word of mouth, the photos could be reunited with their owners.
Some of them were hand-delivered like the ones that were lost by Mary Moss who lost her home and car to
练好题精练
the flood waters. “At first, when she handed me those pictures, I just couldn’t even speak,” Moss said. “You don’t
expect something as easily damaged as photos to be returned in such a disaster.”
“While homes and cars can be replaced, I lost everything I had of my son Tommy who died when he was 12.
In the photos Schenker found almost three miles from my home were photos of Tommy when he was two years old
dressing up for a Christmas. In another he was playing with his brother. It’s the little things, the photos, which are
linked with sweet memories that you can’t replace,” Moss said.
1．Why did Schenker go to her friend’s home?
A．To shelter herself from a hurricane.
B．To help her friend in a disaster.
C．To connect with her family members.
D．To check the condition of a river.
2．How did Schenker try to find the owners of the photos?
A．By making use of the Internet.
B．By visiting multiple families in person.
C．By turning to a local school for help.
D．By contacting Lost and Found officers.
3．How did Moss feel at the first sight of her lost photos?
A．Calm.
B．Frightened.
C．Sorrowful.
D．Astonished.
4．What do Moss’s words in the last paragraph mainly suggest?
A．Her memories of her son are decreasing. B．She has restored her faith in future life.
C．Her personal belongings can’t be replaced.
D．The returned photos are precious for her.
【词汇积累】
1.belongings n.所有物, （随身）财物2.literally adv.逐字地, 照字面地, 确实地，真正地
3.individual adj.单独的, 个人的, 独特的4. beloved adj.深爱的, 钟爱的; n.爱人
5.reunite vt.使再次联合, 使重聚, 使再结合; vi.重聚, 再结合, 再联合6.multiple adj.多重的,复杂的, 多功能
的; n.倍数
Passage2 阅读理解
（2025·浙江省绍兴市上虞区高三下学期高考适应性考试）
The number of people living in urban areas has tripled (三倍) in the last 50 years. If a major natural disaster
hits a city, more lives are in danger. Meanwhile, extreme weather events are becoming stronger and more frequent
than ever due to climate change. How can we deal with this growing threat?
Luckily, AI is stepping up to help. Its applications in tackling various hazards are already making a
difference. In October 2024, experts used AI models to accurately predict where Hurricane Milton would land. AI is
also being used to warn the public more efficiently. The U. S. National Weather Service has partnered with AI
translation firm Lilt to help deliver forecasts in Spanish and Chinese. This could shorten the time to translate a
warning from an hour to just ten minutes.
Machine learning techniques have been applied to weather forecasting models for years. But recent advances
have improved the accuracy and speed of forecasting. Traditional models, which rely on complex equations to
simulate interactions between water and air in the atmosphere, require supercomputers. As a result, they can take
hours to generate a single forecast. By contrast, AI weather models learn to spot patterns by training on decades of
climate data. This data can be easily gathered from satellites and ground sensors and shared by governments.
However, AI models are only as good as the data they are trained on, which can be a problem in some places.
Poorer regions, often at the greatest risk of climate disasters, typically have fewer weather sensors. The ones they
do have are often poorly maintained, creating gaps in climate data. AI systems trained on this skewed (有偏差的)
data can be less accurate and negatively affect forecasts. In addition, unlike physics-based models, which follow set
rules, AI models become more and more complex. As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black
boxes”, where the path from input to output becomes less transparent (透明的).
5．What is causing the growing threats from natural disasters in cities?
A．Outdated weather models in cities.
B．Low disaster risk awareness in cities.
C．Urban growth raises disaster risks.
D．Climate change reduces extreme weather in cities.
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly focus on?
A．Government efforts in disaster relief.
B．Limitations of traditional weather forecasts.
C．Economic impact of disasters on urban areas.
D．AI’s role in improving disaster preparedness.
7．How do AI forecasting models outperform traditional models?
A．AI learns from past data to predict more quickly.
B．AI is more transparent than physics-based models.
C．AI relies on more supercomputers for faster results.
D．AI needs no satellite data, using only ground sensors.
8．What is the author’s overall attitude toward AI’s role in disaster response?
A．Critical of its complexity.
B．Optimistic despite challenges.
C．Uncertain of its effectiveness.
D．Skeptical due to data limitations.
【长难句分析】
【文章原句】As they advance, these models increasingly operate as “black boxes”, where the path from input to
output becomes less transparent (透明的).
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含主句和从句结构。As they advance 是时间状语从句，where
the path from input to output becomes less transparent 是非限制性定语从句。
【翻译】随着这些模型的发展，它们越来越多地作为“黑盒子”运行，从输入到输出的路径变得不那么透
明。
Passage 3 7 选5
（2025·江苏省南通市海安市高三上学期11 月期中）
A smartphone can be a lifeline in a natural disaster.
1
Unfortunately, many disasters like wildfires,
floods, earthquakes and hurricanes take away the exact things phones rely on to do that work: electricity and cell
services. Here are some of the best ways you can get your phone in the best shape to help you.
Assume your electricity can go out at any time and plan accordingly.
2
If possible, leave them
plugged in until the last minute. Also charge any backup batteries and laptops, then make sure all charging cords are
collected in one place to take with you. If the power is out, or if you’re no longer someplace with an outlet, you’ll
need to make any charges last as long as possible.
3
Extreme cold and heat can cause your phone battery to be less efficient and even stop your phone
from working. You’ll typically see a warning sign on the screen if this happens. If you can turn it off, don’t turn it
back on until it’s back to an acceptable temperature. Whether it’s extreme cold or heat, avoid leaving your phone
exposed and don’t leave it in a car.
Your friends and family will want to know you are safe and your location in case you aren’t safe. Send your
location with everyone over text, so they’ll know where to look if you lose contact. Make sure to include people
outside of the disaster zone. If you are using a GPS location-sharing option, don’t just send your current spot one
time.
4
If you’re struggling to find reliable Internet connections, there are apps that could still help you stay in touch
or give you helpful information.
5
For example, download the Google Maps information for surrounding
areas in case you need to move fast and cell service isn’t available. Put in your main location, hit the three dots in
the corner, select Download Offline Map. You can crop the exact area you think you’ll need.
A．You should select the option to share it constantly.
B．Charge your phone and any additional devices ahead of time.
C．Don’t use your phone for a long time when in a natural disaster.
D．It can connect you instantly to assistance and real-time resources.
E．Most modern phones are sturdy but sensitive to their environments.
F．Download and set them up early as part of your disaster preparation.
G．If your phone gets wet, shake out any excess water and remove the battery.
Passage 4 完形填空
（2025 届湖北省黄冈中学高三下学期第四次模拟）
After 17 days of tense rescue efforts, 41 construction workers trapped in a collapsed Himalayan tunnel were
finally freed on Tuesday.
The disaster
1
on November 12 when part of a tunnel being built in northern India’s Uttarakhand
state suddenly collapsed. Over 60 meters of broken rocks and metal debris
2
the exit, trapping the
workers inside. Rescue teams immediately began
3
the blockage using heavy machinery, but progress
faced repeated
4
. A key American-made drilling machine broke down just meters away from reaching the
trapped men last Friday, forcing workers to complete the final
5
by hand.
Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami
6
at a press conference that all rescued workers
showed no signs of serious injury. “Although medical teams prepared stretchers ( 担架), many chose to
7
out on their own. Doctors will continue monitoring them, but no serious conditions have been reported,” he stated,
praising the combined
8
of engineers, medical staff, and government departments.
Throughout the crisis, rescuers
9
contact with the trapped workers through a 53-meter pipe that
delivered oxygen, food, and water. Doctors provided mental health guidance to help the men stay
10
.
Family members
11
every day at the tunnel entrance, praying for their safe return.
As a backup plan, engineers had started drilling downward through
12
mountain areas. However,
the original horizontal drilling plan
13
succeeded. In the final stage, rescuers pushed a wide pipe through
the cleared path, allowing the workers to escape
14
.
The rescued laborers, all migrant workers from India’s less developed regions, demonstrated remarkable
15
during their 17-day underground experience.
1．A．attacked
B．struck
C．started
D．arrived
2．A．closed
B．blocked
C．disturbed
D．destroyed
3．A．cutting through B．digging through
C．drilling through
D．breaking through
4．A．dangers
B．accidents
C．risks
D．setbacks
5．A．division
B．section
C．journey
D．attempt
6．A．declared
B．doubted
C．imagined
D．questioned
7．A．run
B．skip
C．crawl
D．slide
8．A．effects
B．efforts
C．skills
D．plans
9．A．maintained
B．lost
C．built
D．required
10．A．quiet
B．energized
C．still
D．calm
11．A．met
B．formed
C．gathered
D．stood
12．A．unusual
B．uncommon
C．uncertain
D．unstable
13．A．ultimately
B．suddenly
C．possibly
D．temporarily
14．A．safely
B．quickly
C．freely
D．bravely
15．A．kindness
B．insight
C．strength
D．wisdom
Passage 5 语法填空
（2025·山东省名校考试联盟高三3 月高考模拟）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Around 500 BC, the
1
(state) of the Zhou Dynasty era spread to the Yangtze basin that suffered
from disasters, periodic large-scale flooding,
2
each year, they faced monsoon storms and typhoon winds
along the coast. The thick forests then were
3
ready supply of wood.
4
(deal) with frequent natural disasters and the destruction due to wars and fighting, the builders in
the Zhou region adopted the dougong bracket system. This system made rebuilding and
5
(maintain) the
buildings much more efficient. The Chinese made their wooden buildings slightly flexible to withstand natural
disasters and for easier repair and reconfiguration as the need
6
(arise). The wooden parts such as
columns and beams(横梁) were
7
(easy) replaced or reused to make other structures as needed since they
were not joined together with fasteners.
The durability of the wooden buildings has stood the test of time, of
8
the Forbidden City is a
good example. After they were built about 600 years ago, Beijing has experienced about 200 earthquakes. The
buildings survived
9
little damage due to the flexible brackets and loose pillars.
The basic elements of ancient architectural design remained
10
(change) for thousands of years
in China. The essence and wisdom of Chinese architecture will continue to serve as an inspiration for the world
civilization.
