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Unit4 语法篇
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1.熟练掌握for，since 在现在完成时中的应用
2.掌握非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转化
3.掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时（3）
1. for，since 在现在完成时中的应用
在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这类状语
通常由for 或者 since 引导。for 后接一段时间，而since 后多接时间点。
He has been away for two years. 他已离开两年了。
He has been an English teacher since last time. 自去年以来他一直是英语教师。
2. 非延续性动词(又叫短暂性动词、瞬间动词)与延续性动词之间的转化
英语中的动词从动词延续性上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种，在现在完成时中一定要注意动
词这一特征，在和表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。
I have had the book for two weeks.那本书我买了两个星期了。
My grandfather has been dead for two years.我的爷爷去世两年了。
1) 将短暂性动词转化为：be+形容词或副词
begin/start→be on
go there→be there
come back→be back
come here→be here
open→be open
close→be closed
die→be dead
marry→be married
finish→be over
go to bed→be in bed
leave→be away
return→be back
get out→be out
fall asleep→be asleep
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lose →be lost
fall ill→be ill
如：这家商店开门6 个小时了。
The shop has opened for 6 hours.(错误)
The shop has been open for 6 hours.(正确)
2) 有些短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词
borrow→keep
put on →wear/be on
become→be
get to know→know
buy→have (own)
catch a cold→have a cold
receive→have
go to sleep→sleep
如：那本书我借了一个月了。
I have borrowed that book for one month. (错误)
I have kept that book for one month. (正确)
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
两种时态除结构、句式和相搭配的时间状语都不同之外，最重要的就是意义不同。虽然都发生
在过去，但现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响，而一般过去时与现在没有任何关系，只
是描述一个发生在过去的事实而已。
I have seen the film . 我看过这部电影。（对现在的影响是我了解这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在
的情况）
单项选择
1.（2015 重庆中考B 卷）---Miss lin has taught us English we came to this school?
A. for
B. since
C. before
D. when
2.（2015 浙江杭州中考）I
scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.
A. will be
B. was
C. have been
D. would be
3.（2015 江苏南京第十八中学月考）Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city . Everything
.
A. is changed
B. was changed
C. had changed
D. has changed
4.（2015 云南昆明中考）--Long time no see!
---Oh! It
five years since we met last time.
A. was
B. were
C. has been
D. have been
5.（2015 新疆乌鲁木齐中考）Mr. Brown
his hometown since he
the army .
A. has left; joined
B. has been away from; has joined
C. has been away from; joined
D. left; joined
6.（2015 广东中考）Lei Feng for many years , but his spirit is still encouraging us .
A. died
B. has died
C. was dead
D. has been dead
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基础演练
一、选词填空(单句选词填空)
1. We have learned five lessons
(since/for) the beginning of this term.
2. Mrs. Liao has been in hospital
(since/for) last week.
3. I have stayed at my aunt's
(since/for) two weeks.
4. Amy has had her favorite toy
( since/for) three years.
5. I've had the bear
(since/for) I was a baby.
二、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)
1. My uncle
(teach) math since 1986.
2. She
(be) in hospital for two weeks.
3. They
ever
(hear) of the singer.
4. I
(keep) the bike for one week.
5. My parents
(not come) back yet.
巩固提高
三、按要求转换句型
1. The Greens have lived in Beijing since ten years ago. (对划线部分提问)
the Greens
in Beijing?
2. I have had the bike for two years. (用since 改为同义句)
I have had the bike
.
3. I have had lunch at school. (对划线部分提问)
you
lunch?
4. They got married three years ago. (改为同义句)
They
married for about three years.
5. They came to this school in 2011. (改为同义句)
They
this school for two years.
6. I have been ill for about three days. (对划线部分提问)
you been ill?
7. My headache started two days ago. (对划线部分提问)
your headache
?
四、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
1. 我买这辆自行车五年了。
I
the bike
five years.
2. 你像现在这样多长时间了?
How long
you
like this?
3. --- 你曾经过去科学博物馆吗？
--- 是的，我去过。
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---
you ever
a science museum?
--- Yes,
.
4. 我们已经从我们的卧室里清扫出许多东西。
We
out a lot of things from our bedrooms.
5. 詹姆斯自从2008 年就在北京做外教。
James
a foreign teacher in Beijing
2008.
6. 她还没有关掉那台电脑。
She
the computer yet.
7. 从那时起，王先生就一直在这个工厂工作。
, Mr. Wang has worked in this factory.
一、单项选择
1. --- How long have you had the bike?
---
.
A.
Two years ago
B.
For two years ago
C.
Since two years ago
D.
Since two years
2. --- Jack, I haven't seen your uncle for a long time.
--- He
Shanghai on business for two months.
A.
went to
B.
has gone to
C.
has been in
D.
has been to
3. Rose came to Beijing in 2002. She
here for eight years.
A.
was living
B.
live
C.
will live
D.
has lived
4. --- We've lived here
2001.
--- So you've lived here
about five years.
A.
since; for
B.
for; since
C.
for; for
D.
since; since
5. --- Oh, Jack, your MP4 looks nice. Is it new?
--- No. I
it since two years ago.
A.
had
B.
bought
C.
have had
D.
have bought
6. She
this book for nearly three weeks.
A.
has borrowed
B.
has lent
C.
has bought
D.
has kept
7. --- Have you studied English for a long time?
--- Yes, I have studied it
.
A.
five years before
B.
five years ago
C.
for five years
D.
since five years
8. ---
you
Jeremy Shu-How Lin?
--- Yes. The once-nameless young man became a basketball hero suddenly.
A.
Did; hear
B.
Do; listen to
C.
Have; heard of
D.
Have; listened to
9. --- Would you like to watch the three-D film Titanic with me ?
--- Certainly. I don't mind seeing it again although I
it twice.
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A.
saw
B.
was seen
C.
have seen
D.
had seen
10. --- When did they arrive?
--- They
two hours ago. They
here for two hours.
A.
arrived; have arrived
B.
got; have been
C.
arrived; have been
D.
reached; have reached
二、完形填空
All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help people to keep 1
, happy and to live
2
. People play different games in winter and summer. 3
is good for swimming.
And in winter people often go skating. Some sports are very 4
and people everywhere like
them. For example, football is very popular. In China, most people, men, 5
, boys and girls, like
to watch football games. They often talk about them. 6
and jumping began long, long ago. But
basketball and volleyball are rather 7
. People began to play them not long ago. And people are
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new sports or games all the time. Water skiing is one of 9
. People 10
different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game they often become friends.
1.
A.
health
B.
busy
C.
healthy
D.
lazy
2.
A.
long
B.
longer
C.
happy
D.
happily
3.
A.
Winter
B.
Summer
C.
Autumn
D.
Spring
4.
A.
boring
B.
difficult
C.
expensive
D.
interesting
5.
A.
woman
B.
women
C.
old
D.
young
6.
A.
Run
B.
Runs
C.
Running
D.
To run
7.
A.
new
B.
interesting
C.
popular
D.
old
8.
A.
start
B.
play
C.
playing
D.
starting
9.
A.
oldest
B.
newest
C.
the oldest
D.
the newest
10.
A.
in
B.
of
C.
from
D.
at
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阅读理解
A
When people go to the beach on vacation, many people like to eat seafood. But not everyone can
enjoy it. Some people think seafood tastes great, but their bodies don't like it at all. When they eat it, their
skin gets red and itchy(痒的). That's because they're allergic(过敏的) to seafood.
When someone is allergic to a food, his body doesn't see that thing as a food. It sees it as an enemy
and tries to fight it. It fights by making antibodies(抗体). Sometimes, when the body fights a food, it can
make a person very sick.
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There are some ways to deal with food allergies. One is to stop eating the food that you're allergic to,
but this may be hard. People are often allergic to very healthy foods, and it's hard to always avoid them.
People can be allergic at different ages to different foods, like eggs, milk or peanuts(花生). If you
think you might be allergic to a food, ask a doctor to have a look first.
1. Some people cannot enjoy seafood, because
.
A.
it doesn't taste good
B.
it makes their skin hurt
C.
it gives them a headache
D.
it makes them allergic
2. What does the underlined word "enemy" mean in Chinese?
A.
伙伴
B.
支持者
C.
敌人
D.
病人
3. According to paragraphs 3-4, which of the following is TRUE?
A.
A good way to deal with a food allergy is not to eat that food.
B.
Unhealthy foods often make people allergic.
C.
People with skin problems often get allergic.
D.
Food allergies often cause people to die.
4. When a person is allergic to a food,
.
A.
it can always make the person die
B.
it can make the person very sick
C.
it can make the person very excited
D.
it can make the person angry
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.
Old people often have food allergies.
B.
Some everyday foods make people allergic.
C.
Most people are allergic to the same food.
D.
Doctors must be able to treat food allergies successfully.
B
Is talking on a cell phone bad for your health? It is difficult to know for sure. Some research suggests
that heavy users of cell phones are at a greater risk of developing brain diseases. However, many other
studies suggest there isn't any relationship between cancer and cell phone use.
In fact, cell phones have only been popular since 1990s. And doctors point out that many cancers take
at least 10 years to develop. They take cigarettes for example. Many years ago, people smoked a lot and
didn't know the bad effect on health. Today, we know that cigarettes cause lung cancer, though it is still
unknown how or why. Medical experts fear that the same thing will happen with cell phones.
Are cell phones dangerous? It's really hard to answer this question. However, there is something true.
Similar to microwave ovens, cell phones also give off electromagnetic radiation (电磁辐射). Over three
billion people use cell phones for more than an hour a day. Cell phones get hot when they are used for a
long time or being charged(充电). So holding a heat source near your brain during sleep is really bad for
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your health. Scientists suggest keeping electronic things, like computers and cell phones, out of bedrooms
or at least six feet from your bed.
6. The underlined words "heavy users" refer to
.
A.
those people who use cell phones a lot
B.
those cell phone users who are strong
C.
those people who like expensive cell phones
D.
those people who like cell phones with big screen
7. When did the cell phones start to be popular?
A.
Since 1980s.
B.
Since 1985s.
C.
Since 1990s.
D.
Since 1995s.
8. Medical experts fear that cell phones
.
A.
get hot when being charged
B.
have no relationship with cancers
C.
give off electromagnetic radiation
D.
will be proved to have bad effects on health
9. According to scientists, we'd better not put electronic things in the
.
A.
study room
B.
kitchen
C.
bedroom
D.
living room
10. What's the best title of the passage?
A.
Cell Phones and Health
B.
Where to Put Cell Phones
C.
What Will Happen to Cell Phones
D.
Cell Phones and Microwave Ovens
C
Germs(细菌) are everywhere. You can't see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and
even in the air!
Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other
things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs
cause illnesses like colds and the flu.
Warmer Weather Brings Germs
The world's weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot
countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes, carry dangerous germs. These germs
cause headaches, fever, and can even kill people.
Under Your Skin
Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when
you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too. They enter your body when you touch your
eyes, nose, or mouth.
Fighting Germs
Your immune system (免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune
system finds and kills them. Special cells(细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you
stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs.
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What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap and water. Soap kills many
germs, and water washes them away.
11. According to the text, insects
.
A.
kill germs
B.
carry germs
C.
protect germs
D.
love germs
12. The underlined word "there" refers to
.
A.
cooler countries
B.
hot countries
C.
everywhere
D.
the world
13. Which of the following is right according to the text?
A.
All germs are dangerous
B.
There are more germs in cold places
C.
Soap can kill all germs
D.
Germs can get into your body
14. Which can be the best title for this text?
A.
Germs Are Everywhere
B.
Weather Is Changing
C.
Skin Stops Germs
D.
Germs Are Developed
D（浙江金华市2014 年六校期中）
Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy but few know how to find
happiness. Money and success don’t bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other
words, we make our own happiness.
Some people believe that if they are wealthy, they will be able to do anything they want, which means
happiness. On the other hand, some people believe that holding a high position in the government is
happiness. In this way, you have not only money, but also many other things which can’t be bought by
money. However, other people believe that having lots of money is not happiness, nor is holding a high
position in the government. These people value their beliefs, or their intelligence, or their health. They
think these can make them happy.2-1-c-n-j-y
Here are a few ways to help you be happier.
The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time
thinking about the future, for example, getting into college or getting a good job, that we don’t enjoy the
present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite
music, or spending time with close friends. People who have close friends usually enjoy happier and
healthier lives.
The second secret of happiness is to be active. Many people go dancing or play sports. People can
forget about their problems and only think about the activities.
Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when
they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier, do
something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to get food for an
old neighbor, or simply help around the house.
Now maybe you know how to find happiness!
15. The underlined word “wealthy” means “__________” in the passage.
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A. 快乐的
B. 健康的
C. 兴奋的
D. 富有的
16. Some people who hold a high position in the government think they can ______.
A. get money and something they can’t buy with money
B. do what they want to do at any time
C. enjoy health which makes them work hard
D. take an active part in all kinds of activities every day
17. The writer thinks the secret of happiness is that people ___________.
A. think about getting a good job
B. think of presents they don’t like
C. often spend time with close friends
D. often spend time on entering the college
18. The passage mainly tells us __________.
A. how to find happiness
B. how to save happiness
C. to do something good for others
D. to value our beliefs or health
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