热点话题01 读《钢铁是怎样炼成的》——汲取
奋斗的力量
目录
时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空
【原创·语法填空】
【课标词汇积累】
【课标词汇训练】
【参考译文】
好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练
【阅读理解】
【阅读7 选5】
【完形填空】
【语法填空】
【话题·导语】
On a casual afternoon, I opened an enlightening book called How the Steel Was Tempered written by a writer
called Nikolai Ostrovsky. Immediately I was lost in the immortal work. Reading the book was an eye-opening
experience for me. As a middle school student, I initially thought this book would be just another historical novel,
but it turned out to be so much more.某个闲适的午后，我翻开尼古拉·奥斯特洛夫斯基所著的《钢铁是怎样炼
成的》。这部不朽之作让我瞬间沉浸其中，阅读过程犹如醍醐灌顶。原本以为这不过是中学历史课本里的
普通小说，没想到竟有如此深刻的启示。
【原文·时文阅读】
文章来源：https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202503/1329620.shtml
The book How the Steel Was Tempered tells the story about the journey of a young man who is called Pavel
Korchagin.
Unfolding slowly was a story in which Pavel constantly challenges adversity. His childhood planted the seed of
struggling against challenges in life that would help him overcome his physical limitations later in life. Afterwards
读时文精读
Pavel engages in a flood of social changes.
Despite the cruelty of the war, Pavel forges his belief that establishing a socialist country leads to a bright
prospect and overcomes all the tough occurrences with the spirit of steel. In his later life, had Pavel not been iron-
willed, he wouldn't have successfully snatched back his life from the hands of disease, let alone fight a literary
battle with a pen.
The book is like a powerful lesson in resilience, determination, and the human spirit. Through the life of the
protagonist, I learned that life's challenges are like the fire and hammer that forge steel - shaping us into stronger,
more resilient individuals.
One of the most striking aspects of the book is Pavel's unwavering perseverance. Despite facing countless
hardships - poverty, war, illness, and betrayal - he never gives up. As a student, I often feel overwhelmed by
schoolwork, exams, and extracurricular activities. But Pavel's story reminded me that challenges are not meant to
break us; they are meant to build us. His determination to fight for his ideals, even when his body was failing him,
inspired me to push through my own difficulties.
Whenever I feel like giving up, I think of Pavel and remind myself that perseverance is the key to success. This
is the reason why I say the book is not just a historical novel, but a guidebook to one's life.
【原创·语法填空】(280words)
The book How the Steel Was Tempered tells the story about the journey of a young man who 1.________（call）
Pavel Korchagin.
Unfolding slowly was a story in which Pavel 2.________（constant） challenges adversity. His childhood
planted the seed of struggling against challenges in life that would help him overcome his physical limitations
later in life. Afterwards Pavel engages in a flood of social changes.
Despite the cruelty of the war, Pavel forges his belief that 3.________（establish） a socialist country leads to
a bright prospect and overcomes all the tough occurrences with the spirit of steel. In his later life, had Pavel not
been iron-willed, he wouldn't have successfully snatched back his life from the hands of disease, let alone fight a
literary battle with a pen.
The book is like a powerful lesson in resilience, 4.________（determine）, and the human spirit. Through
the life of the protagonist, I learned that life's challenges are like the fire and hammer that forge steel - shaping us
into 5.________（strong）, more resilient individuals.
One of the most striking aspects of the book is Pavel's unwavering perseverance. Despite facing countless
hardships - poverty, war, illness, and betrayal - he never gives up. 6.________ a student, I often feel overwhelmed
by schoolwork, exams, and extracurricular activities. But Pavel's story reminded me that challenges are not meant
7.________（break） us; they are meant to build us. His determination to fight for his ideals, even when his body
was failing him, inspired me to push through my own difficulties.
Whenever I feel like giving up, I think of Pavel and remind 8.________（I
）that perseverance is the key to
success. This is the reason 9.________ I say the book is not just a historical novel,10.________ a guidebook to
one's life.
【课标词汇积累】
1.Unfold vt.& vi.展开，打开; vt.摊开, 展现，披露; vi.逐渐显露, 开展，发展
As the new semester unfolds, our literature teacher assigned an in-depth analysis of Shakespeare's sonnets which
requires collaborative research. (随着新学期展开，语文老师布置了需要小组合作的莎士比亚十四行诗深度分析作
业)
2.adversity n.困境，逆境
School clubs teach us how to transform adversity into opportunities through debate competitions and science fairs. (社
团活动通过辩论赛和科技展教会我们将逆境转化为机遇)
3.limitation n.限制, 局限, 极限, 起限制作用的规则（或事实、条件）
The 800-word limitation in our essay contest actually enhanced my ability to express ideas concisely. (作文比赛800 字
限制反而提升了我精简表达的能力)
4.resilience n.弹性, 弹力, 快速恢复的能力, 回弹
Building academic resilience involves analyzing mistakes in mock tests rather than just feeling discouraged. (培养学习
韧性需要分析模拟考试错误而非止步于沮丧)
5.perseverance n.
毅力, 韧性, 不屈不挠的精神
Three months of perseverance in practicing past papers resulted in a 30% improvement in my physics scores. (坚持刷
题三个月使我的物理成绩提高了30%)
6.unwavering adj.不动摇的，坚定的
With unwavering concentration, the debate team captain countered all opposing arguments effectively. (辩论队长以全
神贯注的状态有效反驳了所有反对观点)
7.overwhelm v.使不知所措，使难以承受, 淹没, 征服，压倒，击败
The overwhelming workload before finals requires strategic time management and prioritization skills. (期末前繁重的
课业需要策略性时间管理和任务分级能力)
8.historical adj.（有关）历史的，史学的, 基于史实的，历史题材的
The historical significance of the May Fourth Movement was emphasized in multiple subject classes. (五四运动的历史
意义在多个学科课堂中被重点强调)
9.extracurricular adj.学校课程以外的, 课外
Balancing extracurricular activities like model UN with academic studies cultivates time management skills. (模联等课
外活动与学业的平衡培养时间管理能力)
10.determination n.决心, 决定, 查明
Her determination to improve English speaking led to recording daily vlogs and joining the drama club. (提升英语口语
的决心使她坚持录制每日视频日志并加入戏剧社)
【课标词汇训练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
1.The solution to this complex math problem gradually _____________ when I applied the quadratic formula
methodically. (当我系统地运用二次方程式时，这道数学难题的解法逐渐清晰)
2.Facing the _____________ of failing the midterm exam, Li Hua developed a detailed revision schedule with his tutor's
guidance. (面对期中考试失利困境，李华在导师帮助下制定了详细复习计划)
3.Recognizing the _____________ of rote memorization, our study group now focuses on conceptual understanding. (认
识到死记硬背的局限性，我们学习小组开始注重概念理解)
4.Demonstrating remarkable _____________, the basketball team overcame a 15-point deficit to win the inter-school
championship. (展现惊人韧性，篮球队在落后15 分情况下逆转赢得校际冠军)
5.The robotics club's _____________ through 12 prototype failures finally earned them national recognition. (机器人社
团历经12 次原型机失败后终获国家级奖项)
6.Our headmaster maintains _____________ commitment to the "no cellphone" policy during study hours. (校长对学习
时间禁用手机的规定保持坚定立场)
7.Feeling _____________ by college applications, Zhang Ming sought advice from the school's career counselor. (因大
学申请压力过大，张明向学校职业顾问寻求帮助)
8.Our history field trip to the museum provided _____________ context for the Industrial Revolution chapter. (博物馆历
史研学活动为工业革命章节提供了背景知识)
9.Selective participation in meaningful _____________ strengthens university applications more than random
involvement. (有选择地参加优质课外活动比盲目参与更有利大学申请)
10.With fierce _____________, the science Olympiad team practiced daily until midnight before the national competition.
(怀着强烈决心，奥赛队在全国赛前每天练习到深夜)
【参考译文】
《钢铁是怎样炼成的》讲述了青年帕维尔·科尔恰金的成长历程。
这个故事以缓慢的节奏展开，主人公始终在逆境中寻找突破。童年经历播下的抗争种子，最终帮助他
克服了身体上的局限。
在经历社会剧变后，尽管战争残酷无情，帕维尔仍坚信社会主义国家的建立将带来光明前景，以钢铁
般的意志战胜了重重困境。若非钢铁般的意志，他既无法从病魔手中夺回生命，更不可能执笔投身文学创
作。
这本书堪称关于坚韧、毅力与人类精神的生动教科书。通过主人公的传奇人生，我领悟到：生活中的
种种挑战犹如锻造钢铁的烈火与铁锤，将我们锤炼成更强大、更坚韧的个体。
书中最令人震撼的，当属帕维尔那永不言弃的执着。纵使历经贫困、战争、疾病与背叛的重重磨难，
他始终未曾放弃。作为学生，我常被繁重的课业、考试和课外活动压得喘不过气。但帕维尔的故事让我明
白：挑战本不该击垮我们，而应成为铸就我们的熔炉。即便身体日渐衰弱，他仍为理想而战的信念，激励
着我突破自我。
每当想要放弃时，我总会想起帕维尔，提醒自己：坚持就是成功的关键。正因如此，我认为这本书不
仅是历史小说，更是人生指南。
Passage1 阅读理解
Are you an over thinker? Unable to make a decision even after over analysing data in enormous
spreadsheets? Feeling stuck and anxious imagining countless what-if scenarios, like what if my data doesn’t pass
the check, or what would happen if I lose my job?
Based on more than 365 interviews with over thinkers, Lison Mage uncovers and challenges the three
misconceptions of overthinking that hold you back from reaching your full potential, in your career and
relationships.
练好题精练
Backing up her findings with psychological studies and behavioural sciences, Act Before You over Think
offers workable plans and tools addressing the different types of overthinking, to break free from stress, self-doubt
and perfectionism.
Act Before You over Think by Lison Mage critically examines the overlooked and widespread practice of
overthinking in nine chapters that explode the three core misconceptions connected to overthinking. The first
section of the book explains overthinking, providing detailed situational and behavioral examples. Additionally, it
defines what is not considered to be overthinking. Next Mage gives us many examples of overthinking which she
categorizes as toxic (有毒的) behavior that is comparable to a mental disorder.
One of the quotations from an Ethiopian saying that resonated (产生共鸣) with me was “He who conceal
(隐瞒) his disease cannot expect to be cured.” It concludes that open and honest discussion of issues is essential, or
avoidance would worsen them.
The readers can look forward to a wealth of shared narratives and scientific explanations that reflect on the
psychology of action and inaction among humans. Each chapter examines an issue related to overthinking. Next, it
suggests how the problem can be resolved or prevented and sums up the key points.
Mage is passionate about her message and her earnest tone arrests readers’ interest. The book is ideally
suited to persons wanting to act responsibly and with less hesitation. Don’t wait any longer to get out of your own
way! It’s time to liberate your mind, improve your decisions, and gift the world your best self.
1．What does the underlined word “scenarios” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Expectations.
B．Assumptions.
C．Actions.
D．Methods.
2．What is a feature of Act Before You over Think?
A．It uses motivational storytelling.
B．It targets academic researchers.
C．It provides practical strategies.
D．It is packed with abstract theory.
3．Why does the author mention an Ethiopian saying in paragraph 5?
A．To stress admitting problems first.
B．To explain the true reason for inaction.
C．To link overthinking to physical illness.
D．To compare culture difference on overthinking.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To recommend a book.
B．To clarify the definition of overthinking.
C．To honor an outstanding psychology expert.
D．To give a brief account of improving our minds.
Passage2 阅读理解
（2026·河南省百所名校开学）There’s an old folk saying: Be careful not to keep an ugly expression on
your face, for if the wind changes, your features might set that way, leaving you stuck with that unpleasant look and
mood forever. Whoever those “old wives” were, they might have been onto something. It seems that the attitudes
we hold and the faces we show to others are closely linked to the kind of person we ultimately become on the
inside.
Olga Khazan, a staff writer at The Atlantic, argues that what we perceive as “personality” isn’t fixed or
inborn; instead, it’s a mix of habitual behaviors and attitudes. In this sense, personality is subject to reshaping by
the will. In Me, But Better, Ms. Khazan describes her attempts to modify elements of her own personality by
adjusting the so-called big-five qualities: openness, responsibility, extroversion(外向), agreeableness and emotional
management.
Ms. Khazan’s goal is to transform herself, over the course of one year, from a disagreeable introvert into a
sunny, lively extrovert. To fight against overwhelming anxiety, she forces herself to take risks in the free-for-all of
improvisational( 即兴的) comedy. To overcome a history of being a buzzkill, she sets about throwing parties,
writes down funny stories to share, stocks up on board games to keep the mood light, and even practices responding
to jokes with genuine laughter instead of a half-hearted smile, determined not to let her usual pessimism dampen
the mood. Suffering from the awareness that she has long been an unreliable friend, she downloads apps that help
her meet strangers with whom she might develop a lasting bond. She joins Zoom sessions for anger management.
She practices mindfulness. She feeds the homeless.
While exploring “the science and promise of personality change”, as the book’s subtitle has it, the author is
humorously open about her sometimes embarrassing efforts to overcome her many shortcomings. Her
straightforwardness has the effect of getting readers on her side. We’re rooting for her and, to be honest, we’re
rooting for ourselves, too. If someone overly anxious like Ms. Khazan can become calmer, who among us cannot?
5．What message does the old folk saying deliver?
A．Our face often mirrors our attitude.
B．Outer expressions can shape inner character.
C．Others’ opinions reflect how we feel inside.
D．Changing weather may influence our moods.
6．What does Khazan’s book mainly focus on?
A．Five qualities of human personality.
B．The power of behavior and attitudes.
C．The guidelines on becoming ambitious.
D．A practical journey of self-improvement.
7．What does the underlined word “buzzkill” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Someone fearing loneliness.
B．Someone lacking assistance.
C．Someone ruining the enjoyment.
D．Someone changing his mind easily.
8．How does Khazan’s example impact the readers?
A．It brings them hope.
B．It raises their doubt.
C．It discourages them from trying.
D．It helps them admit weaknesses.
Passage 3 阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Great books are plentiful, but only a few achieve the status of classics.
1
Typically, classic works
share several defining characteristics, which help them stay meaningful through generations and across cultures.
A memorable main character is essential. Classic novels often feature heroes/ heroines with vivid and distinct
personalities. By absorbing ourselves in their experiences, we become emotionally invested, and this connection
makes the story world come alive in our mind. Characters like Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Frodo
Baggins in The Lord of the Rings serve as readers’ eyes and ears, allowing us to gain a more authentic
understanding of their world.
2
Classical literature invites multiple readings. With each encounter, new depths are revealed.
3
The
forever charm refreshes each repeated reading. Each revisiting offers a fresh idea, allowing readers to discover new
layers of meaning as they grow and change.
4
They continue to attract modern audiences regardless of when they were written. Shakespeare’s
plays, for example, were published in the 16th and 17th centuries, yet they remain influential and charming today.
Their everlasting appeal lies in the universal nature of the themes they explore, whether it’s love, ambition, or the
struggle for power.
In conclusion, what is said above sets classics apart from other works.
5
Classics are essential to our
cultural identity and will continue to influence a wider world in the future because they teach us valuable lessons
about what it means to be human.
A．True classics stand the test of time.
B．Works by Shakespeare are famous and timeless.
C．They are the windows for us to see the story unfold.
D．It also makes them a vital part of our literary heritage.
E．Reading classic literature contributes to personal growth.
F．A book must achieve excellence to be recognized as a classic.
G．Reading classics at different stages of life inspires new thoughts.
Passage 4 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When my mother told me stories about Emily, her grandmother, who she admired, I was all ears. My mother
drew a
1
between Emily and Jacqueline Kennedy, former US president’s wife. Mom described her
2
features: a long graceful neck and a tiny waist. “Emily was just like Jacqueline,” Mom said. “But their origins
wouldn’t
3
: Emily was graceful, soft-spoken, but possibly born a slave.”
Emily attracted me. Not until 2005 did my research on ancestry really start to
4
, for the reason that I
was no longer
5
. “When does your new job start?” asked my mother. “I refuse to take a job for at least a
year,” I replied. My mother had no
6
with such words. “Anyway, you should have a job.” I remained
7
and didn’t explain it. But I felt I must
8
my job to collect more stories about my
9
.
I
10
my mother’s line to a place called Cane River. I found the bill of shameful slave sale for my
great-great-great grandmother, who was
11
in 1850 for $ 800. I had to write the stories. This time the
novel Cane River was sold in a（n）
12
way.
One day, the phone rang, “Hello, this is Oprah Winfrey, the talk show hostess.” I couldn’t believe my ears. I
responded in
13
, “Hello, Ms Winfrey. What can I do for you today?” She told me she selected my novel
for her book club, which
14
led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list and a
15
readership than I expected.
1．A．parallel
B．diagram
C．picture
D．symbol
2．A．moral
B．physical
C．mental
D．psychological
3．A．change
B．repeat
C．fit
D．work
4．A．fall through
B．heat up
C．get across
D．fade away
5．A．supported
B．believed
C．employed
D．limited
6．A．luck
B．problem
C．alternative
D．patience
7．A．angry
B．sad
C．silent
D．active
8．A．leave
B．accept
C．choose
D．introduce
9．A．colleagues
B．ancestors
C．partners
D．kids
10．A．followed
B．imagined
C．recited
D．directed
11．A．hired
B．fined
C．profited
D．sold
12．A．embarrassing
B．glorious
C．improper
D．identical
13．A．horror
B．difficulty
C．advance
D．surprise
14．A．finally
B．approximately
C．rarely
D．potentially
15．A．smaller
B．stricter
C．broader
D．worse
Passage 5 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·云南省曲靖市第一中学期
中）
Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao
Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details
about characters
1
advancing the plot. The book’s most famous dish, a preparation of eggplant called
qiexiang(茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires
2
(day) to prepare involving steaming eggplant ten times in
soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family’s poor relatives, first with envy, and later, with terrible
discomfort in stomachs.
The novel provides ample
3
(inspire) to today’s cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts
4
(recreate) the book’s most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across
China, and indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style.
While most foods
5
(serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few
simple seasonal ingredients. In China’s culinary culture, humble ingredients
6
(prize) because they are in
season. A relative
7
brags ( 吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a
dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say.
Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from
8
(it)
many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it
9
an engaging story. The same can also be said about
the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine
10
text for historical clues, or seek
double meanings in every “bite”.
