热点话题05
生态保护——释放蚊子保护鸟类
目录
时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解
【原创·阅读理解】
【课标词汇积累】
【课标词汇训练】
【参考译文】
好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练
【阅读理解】
【7 选5】
【完形填空】
【语法填空】
【话题·导语】
“鸟类而非蚊子”组织（BNM）使用无人机投放经过特殊处理的雄性蚊子容器，希望减少威胁鸟类的蚊
子数量。
【原文·时文阅读】
（文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2025/08/07/mosquitoes-released-in-hawaii-to-protect-
birds/）
Birds, Not Mosquitoes (BNM) is a collection of different groups working to protect Hawaii’s
native birds. The biggest concerns for these birds is avian malaria, which is spread by mosquitoes.
Now BNM has started using drones to drop containers of specially treated male mosquitoes, hoping
to lower the numbers of mosquitoes threatening the birds.
Hawaii is home to many unique birds, including a group known as honeycreepers. There used
to be over 50 different species of honeycreepers. Now, only 17 species are left – and these are at
读时文精读
great risk. There are only a few individual birds of the ‘akikiki left in the wild – and fewer than 100
of the ʻakekeʻe.
There are several threats to these birds. But the biggest one is a disease called avian malaria.
Avian malaria is similar to the malaria that humans get, but it only affects birds. The disease is
spread by mosquitoes.
Before the 1800s, there were no mosquitoes in Hawaii. But once they arrived, birds had no
protection from their bites. Some birds moved higher into Hawaii’s mountains, where it was too cool
for mosquitoes. But as the climate has warmed, the insects are even reaching these
areas.
In 2016, BNM, along with the American Bird Conservancy and other partners, began a program
to lower the numbers of mosquitoes – by releasing more mosquitoes.
That may sound like a bad plan, but there are a couple of tricks involved. First off, they are
only releasing male mosquitoes, which don’t bite. Secondly, the mosquitoes they are letting go have
been specially treated so that they carry a bacteria called Wolbachia.
Wolbachia doesn’t hurt the mosquitoes, but when male mosquitoes with Wolbachia mate with
female mosquitoes, the female’s eggs will never hatch. By releasing huge numbers of specially
treated males, the group hopes more and more female mosquitoes will lay eggs that don’t hatch. In
time, this should bring mosquito numbers down.
But it’s not easy. The birds that need protection are spread out over large areas in the mountains
of different Hawaiian islands.
In 2023, the group began using helicopters to release the mosquitoes. The helicopters drop small
paper pods (containers), each with around 1,000 male mosquitoes. The pods fall to the ground, where
the mosquitoes are released. The helicopters release about 500,000 male mosquitoes every week to
remote forests on two different islands.
But helicopters are expensive, and they’re also a risk for the pilot and passengers. So now, the
group is testing the use of drones to deliver mosquito pods. Drones can reach remote areas safely,
and more cheaply than helicopters.
But there were challenges. First, the group needed to figure out how to control the temperature
of the pods so that the mosquitoes could survive the trip. They also needed to figure out how to
carry and release the pods.
The drones delivered their first mosquitoes in April. Once the tests are complete, the group
plans to use the drones regularly. They hope the program will give Hawaii’s birds a chance to
recover.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What is the biggest threat to the honeycreepers？
A.male mosquitoes
B.female mosquitoes
C.avian malaria
D.Wolbachia
2.Why do they release male mosquitoes to protect the birds?
A.Because male mosquitoes with Wolbachia cause the female’s eggs not to hatch.
B.Because male mosquitoes with Wolbachia kill the female mosquitoes.
C.Because male mosquitoes with Wolbachia cause the female mosquitoes not to lay eggs.
D.Because male mosquitoes with Wolbachia cause the honeycreepers stronger.
3.What do you think of the method of protecting the birds?
A.It is a green one.
B.It is an easy one.
C.It is a bad one.
D.It is a funny one.
4.Which is the suitable title for the text?
A.Mosquitoes Are the Threat to the Birds
B.Mosquitoes Released in Hawaii to Protect Birds
C.The Way We Release the Mosquitoes
D.Honeycreepers Are Dying Out
【课标词汇积累】
1.collection n.收藏品, 作品集, 一堆/群, 系列时装, 收集
●I have a collection of classic novels in my bookshelf. (我的书架上有一系列经典小说。)
2.threaten v.恐吓, 对…构成威胁
Heavy rain might threaten our outdoor sports day. (大雨可能会威胁到我们的户外运动会。)
3.unique adj.唯一的, 独特的, 特有的
Everyone has a unique way of solving math problems. (每个人都有独特的解题方法。)
4. individual adj.单独的, 个人的, 独特的; n.个人
Each individual student must complete the lab report alone. (每个学生必须独立完成实验报告。)
5.spread v.开展, 伸开, 传播, 涂, 分摊; n.散布
Rumors about the exam cancellation quickly spread through the class. (考试取消的谣言在班里迅速传开。)
6.involve v.包含，涉及
The science fair will involve experiments and presentations. (科技节将包括实验和展示环节。)
7.release v.释放, 松开, 发泄, 解雇, （使）放松, 公布; n.释放, 发行, 排放
The school will release the exam schedule next Monday. (学校下周一公布考试安排。)
8.risk n.风险，危险, 隐患; v.冒风险, 冒险做
Staying up late risks your health and focus in class. (熬夜会危害健康和课堂专注力。)
9. challenge n.挑战, 比赛邀请, 质疑; v.对…怀疑, 挑战
Learning a new language is a fun but tough challenge. (学习新语言是有趣但艰难的挑战。)
10.survive v.生存，存活, 幸存, 艰难度过, 比…活得久
With good time management, you can survive the busy exam week. (做好时间管理，你就能熬过考试
周。)
【课标词汇训练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
1.Our teacher asked us to submit a ____________ of essays by Friday.
2.Lack of sleep can ____________ your academic performance.
3.Her ____________ art style impressed the judges.
4.Group projects help us learn teamwork, but ____________ effort matters too.
5.We should ____________ kindness by helping classmates.
6.She refused to ____________ herself in the argument.
7.Stress can be reduced if you ____________ your emotions through writing.
8.He took a ____________ by joining the debate team without experience.
9.The physics competition will ____________ our problem-solving skills.
10.Teamwork helped us ____________ the tough group project.
【参考译文】
夏威夷释放蚊子保护鸟类——“鸟类而非蚊子”组织（BNM）汇集了多个致力于保护夏威夷本土鸟类的
团体。这些鸟类面临的最大威胁是禽疟疾，这种疾病由蚊子传播。如今BNM 开始使用无人机投放经过特殊处
理的雄性蚊子容器，希望减少威胁鸟类的蚊子数量。
夏威夷拥有众多独特鸟类，其中包括被称为蜜旋木雀的物种。这里曾有超过50 种蜜旋木雀，如今仅存17
种——且都处于极度濒危状态。野生‘阿基基基’鸟仅存几只个体，ʻakekeʻe 更是不足百只。
这些鸟类面临多重威胁，但最大的威胁来自禽疟疾。禽疟疾与人类疟疾类似，但专门感染鸟类。该疾病通
过蚊子传播。
19 世纪前夏威夷没有蚊子，但蚊子入侵后，鸟类便失去了防叮咬保护。部分鸟类迁徙至夏威夷山区，那
里气温过低蚊虫难以生存。但随着气候变暖，蚊虫甚至开始侵入这些区域。
2016 年，BNM 联合美国鸟类保护协会等合作伙伴启动了蚊虫控制计划——通过释放更多蚊子来减少数量。
这听起来像是个糟糕的方案，但其中暗藏玄机：首先只释放不叮咬人的雄性蚊子。其次，他们释放的蚊子经过
特殊处理，携带一种名为沃尔巴克氏体的细菌。
这种细菌不会伤害蚊子本身，但当携带沃尔巴克氏体的雄蚊与雌蚊交配后，雌蚊的卵将永远无法孵
化。通过大规模投放这些特殊处理过的雄蚊，研究团队希望越来越多的雌蚊产下的卵无法孵化。随着时间
推移，这将有效降低蚊群数量。
但实施过程并不轻松——需要保护的鸟类分布在夏威夷各岛屿的广袤山区。
2023 年，该团队开始使用直升机投放蚊子。直升机会投放装有约1000 只雄蚊的小型纸舱，这些纸
舱坠落地面后释放蚊虫。每周约有50 万只雄蚊通过直升机被投放到两个岛屿的偏远森林。
但直升机不仅成本高昂，还存在飞行员和乘客的安全风险。因此，团队正在测试使用无人机运送蚊
子纸舱。无人机能安全抵达偏远地区，且比直升机更经济实惠。
不过面临挑战：首先需要确定如何控制纸舱温度以确保蚊虫存活运输，还需解决纸舱的携带与投放
方式。
无人机已于四月完成首次投送，待测试完成后，团队计划实现常态化使用。他们希望这个项目能给
夏威夷的鸟类一个恢复的机会。
Passage1 阅读理解
（2025 届河南省信阳市商城县联考高三下学期模拟预测（一））
Lab-grown chicken is finally making its way onto menus in the United States. The US Department of
Agriculture (USDA) has recently given permission for selling cultured (培养的) meat produced by Good Meat and
练好题精练
Upside Foods, marking a significant breakthrough for the cultured meat industry. These companies are able to grow
small amounts of chicken cells into meat without the need for traditional slaughter (屠宰). However, it’s important
to note that this permission is currently limited to chicken products. Both companies still require additional
permission to market cell-cultured beef, pork or seafood.
Concerns have been growing among Americans about traditional meat production, which contributes to
about 15% of global carbon emissions and can encourage antibiotic-resistant ( 耐抗生素的) bacteria growth.
Additionally, it pollutes waterways with animal waste. And the animals themselves often live relatively short lives
in cages. “The current methods of traditional meat production are at the root of many environmental issues,” says
Good Meat CEO Josh Tetrick.
Despite these concerns, meat remains a significant part of many people’s diets due to cultural, traditional and
nutritional reasons. Cultured meat companies position themselves as producing sustainable and proper meat, aiming
to provide meat lovers with a guilt-free choice that satisfies their desire for tasty food.
The production process for lab-grown meat is relatively straightforward, with the main challenge lying in
building sufficient production facilities. Both companies, now armed with USDA and FDA permission, can focus
on expanding to produce enough cell-cultured meat to meet the demand. At the beginning, lab-grown chicken will
only be available at select restaurants, including Bar Crenn in San Francisco and a restaurant owned by chef José
Andrés in Washington.
1．What is a key feature of lab-grown chicken?
A．It’s grown from artificial materials.
B．It originates from cultured chicken cells.
C．It has the advantage of low production costs.
D．It’s preferred for its taste over regular chicken.
2．What is the problem with traditional meat production?
A．It goes against its sustainable practices.
B．It fails to meet consumers’ demand for meat.
C．It has a negative impact on the environment.
D．It leads to overcrowded living conditions for animals.
3．What is a current goal for cultured meat companies?
A．To improve the flavor of their products.
B．To obtain further government approvals.
C．To increase their production capabilities.
D．To establish partnerships with restaurants.
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Cultured meat permitted for sale in the US.
B．The technological advancements in cultured meat.
C．The cultural impact of cultured meat on dietary habits.
D．The environmental influence of traditional meat production.
【长难句分析】
【文章原句】 Cultured meat companies position themselves as producing sustainable and proper meat, aiming to
provide meat lovers with a guilt-free choice that satisfies their desire for tasty food.
【句式分析】 "Cultured meat companies position themselves as producing sustainable and proper meat"是
主句，
"aiming to provide meat lovers with a guilt-free choice that satisfies their desire for tasty food"是现在分
词短语作状语。that satisfies their desire for tasty food（修饰 choice）是定语从句。
【翻译】培养肉公司将自己定位为生产可持续和适当的肉类，旨在为肉食爱好者提供一个无罪恶感的选择，
满足他们对美味食物的渴望。
Passage2 阅读理解
（2025 届安徽省马鞍山市第二中学高三下学期适应性考试（最后一卷））
At the end of the last ice age, Scotland was a truly wild place, where the Highland tiger, a distinctly banded
wildcat, and many other animals lived among Caledonian pine forests. But over time, humans cleared the land for
wood, fuel, and agriculture. By the turn of the 20th century, only 5 per cent of Scotland’s land area was covered by
forest.
Now the country is experiencing a moment for rewilding—in essence, the rebuilding of ecosystems to their
natural uncultivated states. No one can quite agree when the rewilding movement officially began, but one popular
perspective sets it in the late 1980s. That’s when environmental charity Trees for Life moved the conversation from
protecting individual species and specific habitats to restoring ecological processes on a larger scale.
Today, Trees for Life is also responsible for a world first in rewilding. Beginning in spring 2023, visitors
who travel to Glenmoriston, a valley in the Scottish Highlands, are able to experience the immersive Dundreggan
Rewilding Centre. Located in pinewoods on Trees for Life’s 10, 000-acre estate, the campus has been developed to
showcase the ambitious project.
This area is now home to 4, 000 native plant and animal species. The hope is that visitors will be inspired to
reengage with nature in new ways. For full immersion, the rewilding centre, with exhibitions and classrooms, will
house a 40-bed complex for researchers and volunteers.
In a landscape where nature-based tourism accounts for nearly 40 per cent of all visitor spend, according to
government agency NatureScot, new ecotourism projects are being driven by other reintroduced species. Visitors
arrive to “come to the end of the road, to connect to the environment, and to feel spiritual,” as Paul Lister, a
conservationist, puts it.
For now, Scotland is not as it once was. While it’s appealing to see a visit to its rewilding area as a journey
back in time, it’s more accurately a visit to a place with a more positive future.
5．What can we learn about Scotland’s rewilding movement?
A．It aimed to recreate the scene of the ice age.
B．It officially began in the early 20th century.
C．Trees for Life played a key role in starting it.
D．Trees for Life solely funded it in the late 1980s.
6．What do the underlined words “This area” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Caledonian pine forests.
B．Dundreggan Rewilding Centre.
C．Valleys in the Scottish Highlands.
D．The headquarter of Trees for Life.
7．What can visitors probably do in the rewilding centre?
A．Enjoy a hunting trip.
B．Engage with exhibitions.
C．Learn about the history of Scotland.
D．Support urban development projects.
8．What is the author’s attitude to Scotland’s rewilding projects?
A．Hopeful.
B．Objective.
C．Concerned.
D．Disappointed.
【词汇积累】
1.distinctly adv.明显地, 无疑地, 确实地, 逼真 2.agriculture n.农业, 农学 3.essence n.本质，精髓
4.ecosystem n.<生>生态系统 5.perspective n.透镜，望远镜, 观点，看法, 远景 adj.（按照）透视画法的,
透视的 6.environmental adj.环境的, 自然/生态环境的 7.immersive adj.拟真的, 沉浸式虚拟现实的
8.ambitious adj.有野心的，有雄心的, 规模宏大的, 艰巨的 9.conservationist n.自然资源保护者，生态环境
保护者 10.ecotourism n.生态旅游 11.accurately adv.正确无误地，准确地, 精确地, 如实 12.spiritual adj.精
神上的
Passage 3 7 选5
（2025·重庆市第八中学第一次月考）
Marine mammals (海洋哺乳动物) are up against many dangers, many brought about by humans.
1
.
Reduce the use of plastic
Our oceans see increasing plastic trash which endangers marine mammals.
2
. They can become
trapped in plastic, which can cause them to suffocate (闷死). Some marine mammals can mistake plastic for food,
eat it, and die. Plastic trash in the ocean also causes lacerations (割伤) to these animals, leading to infection and
death. So reduce using plastic to protect marine mammals.
Help clean up the beaches
3
. Do not leave trash or objects on the beach. Anything you leave on the beach can end up in the water,
having the potential to impact or harm what’s living in the water. Many organizations help clean up the beaches and
protect ocean life and marine mammals. If we live or visit a beach, look for one you can connect with to join their
efforts.
Follow boating laws
Knowing and following the laws is essential whether you live near the ocean or only travel there
occasionally. They are in place for a reason.
4
. Following these rules can help keep marine mammals like
manatees safe. It’s also advised not to crowd marine mammals when we see them. If there have already been boats
observing them, wait our time to give others a chance to watch them.
5
Learn more about the ocean and marine wildlife. When we truly learn about a topic, it helps us understand its
importance. Devote time to learning about marine mammals and why we need to act to protect them and our
oceans. Visit educational bases working on protecting these animals to learn what you can do to make a difference.
A．Educate ourselves
B．Encourage ourselves to act
C．There are many ways it is harming marine mammals
D．Thankfully, there are simple things we can do to help
E．Leave the beach like or better than we find it if we visit the beach
F．In addition, do our homework and buy seafood from those who follow fishing laws
G．For example, certain waterways are protected areas with speed limitations for boaters
Passage 4 完形填空
（2025·江西省新余市实验中学高三下学期押题模拟卷（四））
I was always interested in biology. However, it wasn’t until I saw a film about cave diving in secondary
school — in which I
1
divers glide past massive stalactites (钟乳石) — that I
2
I wanted to
study cave animals. The video didn’t mention the creatures
3
in those underwater houses, but I
4
they must be there. More than just naming them, I wanted to understand their ecology, which meant I needed to
study them in their
5
habitat.
Cave diving requires
6
equipment and coordinated (协调) groups. I
7
carry lights and
navigation tools, and bring extra air tanks. During trips, I use nets and test tubes to collect tiny, nearly
8
animals floating in the water. We’ve come to understand that caves are full of life: shrimp, sea stars and worms, all
9
life in low-light environments.
Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments, research has shown that
these worlds are
10
in many ways. In places such as the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, jungles
11
water directly from underground sinkholes as it
12
towards the sea, where it connects with offshore coral
reefs. If pollutants get
13
, they can affect these ecosystems. I’m researching the resilience (恢复力) of
cave ecosystems to climate change.
If we don’t
14
these mysterious places, they could be gone before we have the
15
to
understand them. And everything that makes them unique will disappear too.
1．A．watched
B．heard
C．sensed
D．felt
2．A．admitted
B．noticed
C．reminded
D．realized
3．A．hiding
B．living
C．floating
D．sleeping
4．A．knew
B．learned
C．doubted
D．ensured
5．A．reasonable
B．comfortable
C．modern
D．natural
6．A．expensive
B．special
C．fashionable
D．beautiful
7．A．only
B．ever
C．always
D．never
8．A．unbelievable
B．valuable
C．invisible
D．attractive
9．A．adapted for
B．appealed to
C．devoted to
D．prepared for
10．A．silenced
B．mirrored
C．linked
D．encouraged
11．A．push
B．absorb
C．drink
D．pollute
12．A．gets
B．strikes
C．rises
D．flows
13．A．home
B．spread
C．there
D．underground
14．A．conserve
B．touch
C．reach
D．find
15．A．knowledge
B．energy
C．decision
D．chance
Passage 5 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026 届广东省惠州市高三上学
期第一次调研）
“Listen, that’s a magpie singing.” said Xu Keyi, a wildlife
1
(photograph) who can identify bird
species by just hearing their calls. Xu, 37, developed an interest in capturing animals on camera when she was a
child, always dreaming of traveling the world
2
a camera.
Before embracing a career in wildlife photography, she
3
(engage) in journalism. The turning
point came during a trip to the South Pole,
4
Xu witnessed penguin parents fearlessly defending their
chickens from intruders (侵入者). The moment deepened her passion for immersing herself in nature.
In 2018, Xu made the life-changing decision
5
(leave) her job and pursue wildlife photography
full-time. During a journey to film the golden kaiserihind, the only butterfly on
6
list of first-class
national protected wild animals in China, Xu met an elderly wildlife protector. He
7
(voice) his concerns
about the lack of people devoted to
8
(protect) the species. “Shortly after I published my photos of
golden kaiserihind, a group of volunteers hoped to join the conservation efforts after seeing my images. There are
also many real efforts that everyone can
9
(easy) make in daily lives, which include using less plastic
10
stopping feeding wild animals,” Xu said.
