热点话题05 美国枪击事件——Charlie Kirk 被枪
杀
目录
时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空
【原创·阅读理解】
【课标词汇积累】
【课标词汇训练】
【参考译文】
好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练
【阅读理解】
【阅读7 选5】
【完形填空】
【语法填空】
【话题·导语】
查理·柯克是保守派活动人士。周三，他在犹他州一所大学的一次标志性活动中被枪杀。
【原文·时文阅读】
文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2025/09/23/after-charlie-kirks-death-us-free-speech-in-question/
Charlie Kirk was a right wing political leader, speaker, author, and radio show host. He was known for
creating a group that promoted conservative politics in high schools and colleges. Mr. Kirk was a strong supporter
of US President Donald Trump’s MAGA movement. But some of his views, especially those on women and Black
people, upset many people.
On September 10, Charlie Kirk was shot and killed while speaking at a university in Utah. Police arrested a
22-year-old man for the killing.
There has been great sadness over Mr. Kirk’s death, and a huge outpouring of sympathy for his family.
Republicans have strongly praised Mr. Kirk. Following Mr. Kirk’s death, many public figures – Republicans and
Democrats – condemned political violence.
读时文精读
But Republicans have also used Mr. Kirk’s death to strike out at opponents. Mr. Trump says he plans to
target some large left-leaning groups.
Vice President JD Vance encouraged supporters to hunt for people making unpleasant comments about Mr.
Kirk and report them. US Attorney General Pam Bondi – the country’s top lawyer – said that the government
would work to arrest people for “hate speech”.
In recent days, many people have been fired from their jobs because of comments they’ve made about Mr.
Kirk, including reporters, teachers, medical workers, pilots, and others. Some of their comments were offensive,
and seemed to celebrate the fact that Mr. Kirk was dead. Many other comments were simply critical of Mr. Kirk’s
positions.
【原创·语法填空】
Charlie Kirk was a right wing political leader, speaker, author, and radio show host. He was 1.________
（know） for creating a group that promoted conservative politics in high schools and colleges. Mr. Kirk was a
strong supporter of US President Donald Trump’s MAGA movement. But some of his views, especially2.________
on women and Black people, upset many people.
On September 10, Charlie Kirk was shot and killed while 3.________（speaking） at a university in Utah.
Police arrested a 22-year-old man for the killing.
There has been great sadness over Mr. Kirk’s death, and a huge outpouring of sympathy 4.________ his
family. Republicans have 5.________（strong）praised Mr. Kirk. Following Mr. Kirk’s death, many public
figures – Republicans and Democrats – condemned political violence.
But Republicans have also used Mr. Kirk’s death to strike out at 6.________（opponent）. Mr. Trump says
he plans to target some large left-leaning groups.
Vice President JD Vance encouraged supporters to hunt for people 7.________（make） unpleasant
comments about Mr. Kirk and report them. US Attorney General Pam Bondi – the country’s top lawyer – said that
the government would work8.________（arrest） people for “hate speech”.
In recent days, many people 9.________（fire） from their jobs because of comments they’ve made about
Mr. Kirk, including reporters, teachers, medical workers, pilots, and others. Some of their comments were
offensive, and seemed to celebrate the fact 10.________ Mr. Kirk was dead. Many other comments were simply
critical of Mr. Kirk’s positions.
【答案】1.known 2.those 3.speaking 4.for 5.strongly 6.opponents 7.making 8.to arrest 9.have been fired
10.that
【解析】
1.known 考查词形转换。他因创建一个在高校推广保守主义的团体而闻名，曾力挺唐纳德·特朗普总统领导
的“美国至上主义者运动”（MAGA）。Be known for 意为：以……而闻名。故填known。
2.those 考查代词。但其部分言论——尤其是针对女性和黑人的观点——引发众怒。这里those 指代前面提
到的名词复数his views，故填those。
3.speaking 考查现在分词作状语。9 月10 日，柯克在犹他州某大学演讲时遭枪击身亡，警方逮捕了22 岁行
凶者。这里是省略的时间状语从句，省略后现在分词短语作状语，它和主语之间是主动关系，故填
speaking。
4.for 考查介词。柯克之死令全国哀恸，社会各界对其家人表达了深切同情。此处sympathy for 意为：
对……表示同情。故填for。
5.strongly 考查词形转换。共和党人对柯克先生给予了高度赞扬。这里修饰praised 用副词形式。故填
strongly。
6.opponents 考查名词复数。但共和党也借机打击反对者。此处根据句意用复数，因为反对者不止一个。故
填opponents。
7.making 考查现在分词作定语。副总统JD·万斯号召支持者揪出诋毁柯克的人并举报，司法部长帕姆·邦迪
则表示政府将严打“仇恨言论”。此处相当于定语从句who made unpleasant comments about Mr. Kirk。故
填making。
8.to arrest 考查不定式。此处不定式作目的状语。故填to arrest。
9.have been fired 考查动词的时态和语态。根据前面的时间状语In recent days 可知，这里用现在完成时，根
据句意可知，这里是许多人被解雇，所以填have been fired。
10.that 考查同位语从句。此处是抽象名词fact 的同位语从句，故填that。
【课标词汇积累】
1.author n.作者, 作家, 发起人; v.创作，撰写
The school invited a famous author to promote reading habits among students, encouraging them to
explore diverse literary works.
学校邀请了一位著名作家来推广阅读习惯，鼓励学生探索多样化的文学作品。
2.promote v.促进, 促销, 晋升, 使…升级
Teachers often promote teamwork in class projects to help students develop collaboration skills.
老师经常在课堂项目中提倡团队合作，帮助学生培养协作能力。
3.upset v.打翻，弄翻, 打乱，打搅; adj.难过的, 失望的, 沮丧的, （肠胃）不舒服的
The sudden cancellation of the field trip upset many students who had been looking forward to it
for weeks.
实地考察的突然取消让许多期待已久的学生感到沮丧。
4.arrest v.逮捕，拘留, 阻止, 吸引, 心跳停止; n.逮捕，拘捕, 停止
The police had to arrest a student who brought a dangerous weapon to campus, violating school
safety rules.
警方不得不逮捕一名携带危险武器进入校园的学生，这违反了学校的安全规定。
5.sadness n.悲哀，忧伤，忧愁，悲哀
A wave of sadness swept through the school when news broke about the passing of a beloved
teacher.
当一位深受爱戴的老师去世的消息传来时，悲伤的情绪席卷了整个学校。
6.sympathy n.同情, 支持，赞同
The counselor showed great sympathy when a student shared his struggles with bullying, offering emotional
support.
当一名学生分享自己被霸凌的经历时，辅导员表现出极大的同情，并提供了情感支持。
7.condemn v.谴责, 宣判, 使陷入, 宣布…不安全, 证明…有罪
The principal condemned the act of cheating during exams, warning that it undermines academic
integrity.
校长谴责考试作弊行为，并警告说这会破坏学术诚信。
8.encourage v.鼓励, 使有希望, 劝说, 促进
Parents and teachers worked together to encourage the student to pursue his passion for science.
家长和老师共同努力，鼓励这名学生追求他对科学的热爱。
9.comment v.发表意见; n.评论, 解释, 批评, 写照
The professor asked students to comment on the ethical implications of the case study during the
debate.
教授要求学生在辩论中对案例研究的伦理影响发表评论。
10.celebrate v.庆祝, 赞美
The school organized an assembly to celebrate the achievements of the robotics team in the national
competition.
学校组织了一次集会，庆祝机器人团队在全国比赛中的成就。
【课标词汇训练】
根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。
1.Students expressed _____________ for their classmate who lost the competition, reminding her that effort
matters more than winning.
同学们对比赛失利的同班同学表示同情，并提醒她努力比获胜更重要。
2.Many students _____________ the unfair grading system, demanding transparency from the teachers.
许多学生谴责不公平的评分制度，要求老师提高透明度。
3.The teacher used positive feedback to _____________ shy students to participate more in class discussions.
老师用积极的反馈鼓励害羞的学生更多地参与课堂讨论。
4.Students were hesitant to _____________ on the new school policy, fearing backlash from the administration.
学生们对评论新校规犹豫不决，担心校方的强烈反对。
5.Rumors about teacher layoffs _____________ the entire student body, causing anxiety about their favorite
instructors.
关于教师裁员的谣言让全校学生感到不安，他们担心自己最喜欢的老师会离开。
6.School security threatened to _____________ any outsider caught trespassing during the exam period.
学校保安警告称，考试期间抓获的任何外来闯入者都将被逮捕。
7.The student’s essay about losing her pet dog conveyed deep _____________, moving her classmates to tears.
这名学生关于失去宠物狗的作文流露出深深的悲伤，让同学们感动落泪。
8.Graduates returned to _____________ their alma mater’s 100th anniversary, sharing nostalgic memories.
毕业生们返校庆祝母校成立100 周年，分享怀旧的回忆。
9.The school invited a well-known children's _____________ to host a creative writing workshop, where she
shared her inspiring journey of becoming a writer and encouraged students to express their unique voices
through storytelling.
学校邀请了一位著名的儿童文学作家主持创意写作研讨会，她分享了自己成为作家的励志历程，并鼓励学生通
过讲故事来表达自己独特的声音。
10.The school launched a "Reading Month" campaign to _____________ literacy among students, organizing
book fairs, author talks, and reading challenges to cultivate a lifelong love for learning.
“
”
学校开展了阅读月活动来推广读写能力，通过书展、作家讲座和阅读挑战培养学生终身学习的热情。
Keys:
1.sympathy 2.condemned 3.encourage
4.comment 5.upset 6.arrest 7.sadness 8.celebrate 9.author
10.promote
【参考译文】
查理·柯克是美国右翼政治领袖、议长、作家及电台主持人。他因创建一个在高校推广保守主义的团体
而闻名，曾力挺唐纳德·特朗普总统领导的“美国至上主义者运动”（MAGA）。但其部分言论——尤其是
针对女性和黑人的观点——引发众怒。
9 月10 日，柯克在犹他州某大学演讲时遭枪击身亡，警方逮捕了22 岁行凶者。
柯克之死令全国哀恸，社会各界对其家人表达了深切同情。共和党人公开致哀，多位政界人士——无
论党派——都谴责政治暴力。
但共和党也借机打击反对者：特朗普扬言要打击左翼组织。
副总统JD·万斯号召支持者揪出诋毁柯克的人并举报，司法部长帕姆·邦迪则表示政府将严打“仇恨言
论”
近日，包括记者、教师、医护人员、飞行员等在内的众多从业者因发表相关言论遭解雇。部分言论带
有攻击性，甚至以柯克之死为乐；另一些则是对其立场的批评。
Passage1 阅读理解
（江西省九江市十校联考2024-2025 学年高三下学期2 月月考）
This week marks Scott Joplin’s 156th birthday. Before jazz, rock ‘n’ roll, or hip hop, Joplin launched the
defining American sound of the early 20th century, ragtime, which formed the basis of all subsequent American
types. Joplin’s new sound integrated different music forms, which had previously been separated alone to the
ragged (参差不齐的) rhythms of African American folk music and Irish Jigs (快步舞) coming from Southern back
porches (门廊).
Yet, beyond redefining music, Joplin’s contribution to American culture was also to shape a generation of
activity and social engagement: Namely, Joplin’s compositions helped spark a wave of amateur musicianship across
the country. This is a rich tradition that is essential for us, as music educators, to help bring to life, as it faces
rapidly increasing fading from American society.
How did Joplin spark a culture of amateurism? With the appearance of his new rhythm, suddenly the full
panoply of excitement loaded with a choir of various music instruments could now be transported into a single
instrument: the piano. The turn of the 20th century represented the height of piano production in the United States.
With more Americans crying for home entertainment, the piano became a household necessity for any
middle-class home, and being able to play the piano became essential to any child’s well-rounded education. In
1900, there were over a million pianos in American homes, and production was growing rapidly. In this piano-
crazed environment, Joplin’s sheet music sold like hot cakes.
In essence, the magic of Joplin was not in his own skills as a performer but in how he enabled the amateur
American musician. Over a million copies of Joplin’s “Maple Leaf Rag” sold during his lifetime.
1．What can we conclude from the first paragraph?
A．Joplin launched definition of jazz, rock ‘n’ roll, or hip hop.
B．Joplin’s new sound had nothing to do with other folk music.
练好题精练
C．Joplin created the American music of the early 20th century.
D．Joplin’s new sound had a great influence on American music.
2．How did Joplin affect amateur music lovers?
A．Amateur became less engaged in the music composition.
B．Joplin encouraged more amateurs to work on music.
C．Joplin encouraged more people to love their country.
D．Amateur musicianship across America would face great challenges.
3．Why did the piano become a household necessity for any middle-class home?
A．Because children in America liked playing the piano.
B．Because pianos were very cheap and easily accessible.
C．Because the piano could meet their home entertainment.
D．Because pianos contributed to the popularity of music.
4．What is the magic of Joplin according to the article?
A．His own excellent skills as a performer.
B．His enabling amateur American musician possible.
C．His over one millions copies of “Maple Leaf Rag”.
D．His redefinition and shaping of American music.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐家Scott Joplin 对于美国音乐的巨大影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This week marks Scott Joplin’s 156th birthday. Before jazz, rock ‘n’ roll, or hip
hop, Joplin launched the defining American sound of the early 20th century, ragtime, which formed the basis of all
subsequent American types. Joplin’s new sound integrated different music forms, which had previously been
separated alone to the ragged (参差不齐的) rhythms of African American folk music and Irish Jigs (快步舞)
coming from Southern back porches (门廊).(本周是斯科特·乔普林156 岁生日。在爵士乐、摇滚乐和嘻哈音乐
出现之前，乔普林开创了20 世纪早期定义美国音乐的拉格泰姆音乐，这是后来所有美国音乐类型的基础。
乔普林的新声音融合了不同的音乐形式，这些音乐形式以前是与非洲裔美国民间音乐和来自南方后门廊的
爱尔兰吉格舞的不规则节奏分开的)”可知，Joplin 重新定义了二十世纪早期美国音乐，因而推断他对美国音
乐产生了巨大的影响，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet, beyond redefining music, Joplin’s contribution to American culture was also
to shape a generation of activity and social engagement: Namely, Joplin’s compositions helped spark a wave of
amateur musicianship across the country.(然而，除了重新定义音乐，乔普林对美国文化的贡献还塑造了一代
人的活动和社会参与：也就是说，乔普林的作品在全国范围内掀起了一股业余音乐的浪潮)”可知，乔普林
鼓励更多的业余爱好者从事音乐工作，影响了业余音乐爱好者。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“With more Americans crying for home entertainment, the piano became a
household necessity for any middle-class home, and being able to play the piano became essential to any child’s
well-rounded education.(随着越来越多的美国人渴望家庭娱乐，钢琴成为任何中产阶级家庭的必需品，会弹
钢琴对任何孩子的全面教育都是必不可少的)”可知，钢琴会成为中产阶级家庭的必需品是因为钢琴可以满
足他们的家庭娱乐。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In essence, the magic of Joplin was not in his own skills as a performer but in
how he enabled the amateur American musician.(从本质上讲，乔普林的魔力不在于他自己作为表演者的技巧，
而在于他如何使这位业余的美国音乐家成为可能)”可知，乔普林的魔力是他使业余美国音乐家成为可能。
故选B。
【词汇积累】
1.launch v.开始从事, 发起, 上市, 发射, 猛扑向前; n.发射, 下水 2.subsequent adj.后来的, 随后的, 作为结
果而发生的, 附随的 3.integrated adj.完整的, 整体的, 结合的, （各组成部分）和谐的 4.contribution n.贡
献, 捐款, 定期缴款, 稿件 5.appearance n.外表, （突然）到来，出现, 问世, 露面，演出，出庭, 表现
6.amateurism n.业余性，非职业的作为 7.essential adj.基本的, 必不可少的 , 根本的; n.必需品, 基本知识
8.essence n.本质，精髓, 精油, 香精
Passage2 阅读理解
（2025 届江苏省南通市通州区高三上学期第一次质量监测）
When Areej El-Jawahri, a doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, signed the contract to
purchase the house specially designed to fit the needs of multigenerational ( 多代的) residents, she knew she
wanted her parents, who then lived in Michigan, to join her. “I wanted them to be in a state where I could help
manage their health care needs,” she said. “As an only child from a Middle Eastern background, our culture is all
about family units.”
El-Jawahri’s choice was not unique. A Pew Research Center analysis found that from 1971 to 2021, the
number of people living in multigenerational households increased, with the share of the US population in these
homes more than doubling, from 7 percent in 1971 to 18 percent in 2021.
“Rents in Boston are so high that I see lots of multigenerational living. Many young people move back in
with their parents,” said Connie Brown, a global real estate adviser in Charlestown. “I have a rental apartment that’s
$5, 000 a month, and we collect the first month’s rent, a security deposit (保证金), and our service fee, so it’s $20,
000 just to walk into the door.”
One of Brown’s clients, Brian Lash changed space over his garage to an apartment for his 92-year-old dad.
“Living with my dad for those months was wonderful,” he said, noting that his father has since passed away. “We
watched basketball, baseball, and golf, we went out for dinner, and I cooked for him. Those are the days I would
never have had if I hadn’t built that apartment.”
Still, experts encourage people to have an open conversation before they move in together. They propose that
both parties talk about whether there are shared expenses and who is responsible for what and that they put their
agreements in writing. Cohabitation (同居) agreements are common among friends, but they are equally crucial for
multigenerational families. Putting it in writing at the beginning of the process enables people to clarify viewpoints,
and sometimes allows them to decide whether to move in together or not.
5．Why did El-Jawahri purchase the specially designed house?
A．To ensure that her parents could be better cared.
B．To follow the traditional virtues of American culture.
C．To experience culture in a multigenerational community.
D．To acquire more household property in Boston for herself.
6．What does the Pew Research Center analysis show about multigenerational living?
A．It is popular with Middle Easterners.
B．It is mainly favored by senior citizens.
C．It has seen greater acceptance in the US.
D．It frequently occurs in single-child families.
7．What did Brian Lash think of his living with his father?
A．It provided financial savings.
B．It aroused his interest in sports.
C．It left warm memories in his mind.
D．It brought great changes to his daily life.
8．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The reasons for people living together
B．Suggestions on harmonious cohabitation.
C．Convenience brought about by cohabitation.
D．The importance of multigenerational families.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍多代同堂的生活方式在美国越来越流行。
5．细节理解题。由第一段“ ‘I wanted them to be in a state where I could help manage their health care
needs,’ she said. ‘As an only child from a Middle Eastern background, our culture is all about family units.’(她说，
‘我希望他们处于一个我可以帮助管理他们医疗需求的周。作为来自中东背景的独生子女，我们的文化都
是关于家庭团体的。’)”可知，El Jawahri 购买了这所特别设计的房子，是为了确保她的父母能够得到更好
的照顾。故选A 项。
6．推理判断题。由文章第二段“El-Jawahri’s choice was not unique. A Pew Research Center analysis found that
from 1971 to 2021, the number of people living in multigenerational households increased, with the share of the US
population in these homes more than doubling, from 7 percent in 1971 to 18 percent in 2021.(El Jawahri 的选择并
非独一无二。Pew 研究中心的一项分析发现，从1971 年到2021 年，生活在多代家庭中的人数有所增加，
这些家庭中美国人口的比例翻了一番多，从1971 的7%增加到2021 的18%。)”可知，Pew 研究中心数据表
明多代同堂的生活方式在美国得到了更大的认可。故选C 项。
7．细节理解题。由文章第四段“ ‘Living with my dad for those months was wonderful,’ he said, noting that
his father has since passed away.(‘那几个月和我爸爸住在一起真是太棒了，’他说，并指出他的父亲已经去
世了。)”和“We watched basketball, baseball, and golf, we went out for dinner, and I cooked for him. Those are
the days I would never have had if I hadn’t built that apartment.(我们看了篮球、棒球和高尔夫，出去吃晚饭，
我给他做饭。如果我没有建造那套公寓，那些日子我永远不会有。)”可知，Brian Lash 认为，他和父亲住在
一起给他留下了温暖的回忆。故选C 项。
8．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“Still, experts encourage people to have an open conversation before they
move in together. They propose that both parties talk about whether there are shared expenses and who is
responsible for what and that they put their agreements in writing. Cohabitation (同居)agreements are common
among friends, but they are equally crucial for multigenerational families. (尽管如此，专家们还 是鼓励人们在
搬到一起之前进行坦诚的交谈。他们建议双方讨论是否有共同费用，谁负责什么，并以书面形式达成协议。
同居协议在朋友之间很常见，但对于多代家庭来说同样重要。)”以及下文可知，本段主要就多代和谐同居
提出一些建议。故选B 项。
【长难句分析】
【文章原句】When Areej El-Jawahri, a doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, signed the contract to
purchase the house specially designed to fit the needs of multigenerational (多代的) residents, she knew she wanted her
parents, who then lived in Michigan, to join her.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含多个分句和修饰成分。a doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital
in Boston 是Areej El-Jawahri 的同位语，When 引导的是一个时间状语从句，who then lived in Michigan 是非限制
性定语从句修饰her parents。
【翻译】当波士顿麻省总医院的医生阿丽吉·埃尔-贾瓦里签署购买这栋专为多代同堂家庭设计的房子合同时，
她就决定让当时住在密歇根州的父母一同入住。
Passage 3 阅读七选五
（2025·安徽省合肥市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When others outperform us, should we feel threatened or inspired? Should we fear or respect those who are
more capable, more skilled or more successful than us?
1
A study conducted by educational psychologists at Brown University explored how kindergartners in the U.
S. and China tell stories about peers who perform better than others.
2
Chinese children often expressed
respect for high achievers and a desire to imitate their success. In contrast, U. S. children’s stories typically focused
on negative reactions, including envy and being left out.
The findings reflect the cultural narratives ( 叙述) surrounding achievement in each society. In American
culture, the “self” is defined by qualities, and abilities, which are largely fixed. Thus, while the achievement of
others reflects their high ability, it becomes a mirror to reveal one’s own lack of ability. 3 As a result,
Chinese children tend to view others’ achievements not as signs of natural superiority, but as opportunities for
learning and self-improvement.
4
In China, students’ overall performance may be publicly recognized to encourage success and
motivate further improvement. Teachers even invite outstanding graduates to share their experiences and lessons
with current students to promote learning. In the U. S., such phenomena are less common as they can be seen as
threats to self-esteem.
Ultimately, our perceptions and reactions to others’ success are profoundly shaped by cultural narratives
surrounding achievement.
5
These narratives, in other words, determine whether we feel threatened or
inspired, fearful or respectful, annoyed or eager to copy others.
A．It can be a source of motivation.
B．These cultural differences extend to educational practices.
C．Education facilitates personal growth and social progress.
D．They influence our motivations, relationships and actions.
E．Both groups told detailed stories but showed clear differences in content.
F．Different responses can lead to constructive or destructive reactions and actions.
G．However, Chinese culture stresses abilities and qualities can improve through efforts.
【答案】1．F 2．E 3．G 4．B 5．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中美两国儿童面对同伴优异表现时的不同反应及背后的文化差
异，探讨成就叙事如何影响人们的动机与行为。
1．根据上文的“When others outperform us, should we feel threatened or inspired? Should we fear or respect
those who are more capable, more skilled or more successful than us?(当别人比我们表现得更好时，我们应该感
到受到威胁还是得到激励？我们应该害怕还是尊敬那些比我们更有能力、更熟练或更成功的人？)”可知，
此处就别人比我们表现更好时，我们会做出怎样的回应的问题，结合下文讲述的中美两国对该问题的不同
回应可知，此空需要一个能够引出下文的内容，F 选项“Different responses can lead to constructive or
destructive reactions and actions.(不同的反应可以导致建设性或破坏性的回应和行为。)”回应了上文的问题，
同时引出下文讲述的内容，符合语境。故选F 项。
2．根据上文的“A study conducted by educational psychologists at Brown University explored how
kindergartners in the U. S. and China tell stories about peers who perform better than others.(一项由布朗大学的教
育心理学家进行的研究探讨了美国和中国的幼儿园儿童如何讲述关于比其他同龄人表现更好的同伴的故
事。)”可知，此处提到了布朗大学的一项研究，结合下文的“Chinese children often expressed respect for
high achievers and a desire to imitate their success. In contrast, U. S. children’s stories typically focused on
negative reactions, including envy and being left out. (中国儿童经常表达对高成就者的尊敬以及模仿他们成功
的愿望。相比之下，美国儿童的故事通常集中在负面反应上，包括嫉妒和被排挤的感觉。)”可知，研究的
结果显示中美两国的儿童对此产生了明显的不同，由此可知，此处需要一个具体的描述来引出研究的结果，
E 选项“Both groups told detailed stories but showed clear differences in content.(两组儿童都讲述了详细的故事，
但在内容上显示出了明显的差异。)”承接上文提到的研究，且阐述了两国儿童存在的差异性，进而引出下
文详细解释两国之间存在的明显差异，符合语境。故选E 项。
3．根据上文的“In American culture, the “self” is defined by qualities, and abilities, which are largely fixed.
Thus, while the achievement of others reflects their high ability, it becomes a mirror to reveal one’s own lack of
ability.(在美国文化中，“自我”是由那些大多固定不变的品质和能力所定义的。因此，虽然他人的成就反
映了他们高水平的能力，但这也成为了一面镜子，映照出自己能力的不足。)”可知，此处阐述了美国文化
对“自我”的定义以及因此带来的影响，结合下文的“As a result, Chinese children tend to view others’
achievements not as signs of natural superiority, but as opportunities for learning and self-improvement.(因此，中
国儿童倾向于将他人的成就视为学习和自我提升的机会，而不是自然优越性的标志。)”可知，此处阐述了
中国文化对儿童产生的影响，由此可知，此空讲述的与中国文化标准相关，G 选项“However, Chinese
culture stresses abilities and qualities can improve through efforts.(然而，中国文化强调能力与品质是可以通过
努力得到提升的。)”讲述的内容与上文的内容为转折关系，且与空后的内容为因果关系，符合逻辑。故选
G 项。
4．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，结合下文“In China, students’ overall performance may be
publicly recognized to encourage success and motivate further improvement. Teachers even invite outstanding
graduates to share their experiences and lessons with current students to promote learning. In the U. S., such
phenomena are less common as they can be seen as threats to self-esteem.(在中国，学生的整体表现可能会被公
开认可，以鼓励成功并激励进一步的改进。教师甚至会邀请杰出的毕业生与当前的学生分享他们的经验和
教训，以促进学习。而在美国，这样的现象较为少见，因为它们可能被视为对自尊心的威胁。)”可知，在
中国表现好的孩子会被公开认可，教师会让其分享他们的经验和教训，而在美国，这被视为对自尊心的威
胁，由此可知，此处讲述的是这种文化差异在教育领域的不同，B 选项“These cultural differences extend to
educational practices.(这些文化差异延伸到了教育实践。)”讲述的内容与教育相关，概括了本段的主题，为
接下来的具体例子提供了合理的过渡。故选B 项。
5．根据下文的“These narratives, in other words, determine whether we feel threatened or inspired, fearful or
respectful, annoyed or eager to copy others.(换句话说，这些叙述决定了我们是感到受到威胁还是得到激励，
是感到恐惧还是尊敬，是感到恼怒还是渴望模仿他人。)”可知，此处是对该空内容换一种说法的表述，由
此可推断，此空应是对这些叙述对我们产生的影响的另外一种表述方式，D 选项“They influence our
motivations, relationships and actions.(它们影响着我们的动机、人际关系和行为。)”中的they 指代的是上文
的cultural narratives surrounding achievement，且讲述的内容与下文的内容吻合，符合语境。故选D 项。
Passage 4 完形填空
In the history of language, words rise and fall. We make and remake them; they make and remake us. The
story of a word is as complex as a hurricane. It is
1
to know for sure how it catches on, meets new
needs, and acquires new meanings. It is impossible to
2
the decline of one word on the rise of another.
But in the destinies of two pairs of words is a suggestion of a turning in American
3
. It is a
turning away from an idea of the natural worth of things: from “pleasure”, with its sense of a (n)
4
condition of mind, to “fun” , so closely affiliated with outward activities; from “excellence”, an inner trait whose
attainment is its own reward, to “achievement”, which comes through hard work and
5
.
“Pleasure” speaks of a state of mind that comes organically, that need not be artificially induced. “Fun”,
though almost the same as “pleasure” for contemporary speakers, often
6
artificial inducement(诱导).
You don’t feel fun; you do a fun thing. And “fun” has no hint of elitism, while “pleasure” does.
If “pleasure” comes from being, “fun” comes from doing and, often, switching off the brain. The transition
of American usage from “pleasure” to “fun” perhaps partly accounts for the American
7
on activities for
all occasions, rather than trusting pleasure to develop on its own. In “Eat, Pray, Love”, the best-selling memoir by
Elizabeth Gilbert, she concludes that “Americans have an
8
to relax into pure pleasure. Ours is an
entertainment-seeking nation, but not
9
a pleasure-seeking one.” Italians,
10
, have
mastered “bel far niente (the joy of doing nothing)”.
Then there is the
11
from “excellence” to “achievement”. “Excellence” has a hint of virtue.
Anyone can achieve, in garbage collection or neurosurgery, but how many can truly be
12
?
“Achievement”, like “fun”, is outward in nature. It comes in doing specific things. It is more about checking
boxes than
13
inner potentials. The achievement culture influences every aspect of life today. From
elementary-school testing to the continual pressure to over-schedule as a university student, educational culture
emphasizes the accumulation of achievements over intellectual sparkle. Wall Street stumbled(绊跌) in part because
so many chased achiever bonuses while neglecting the
14
of excellence in their vocation. An
American culture of immediate celebrity teaches young people that fame is a(n)
15
in itself rather
than an incidental symptom of excellence in craft.
1．A．necessary
B．difficult
C．possible
D．crucial
2．A．impose
B．criticize
C．impress
D．blame
3．A．literature
B．culture
C．history
D．population
4．A．peaceful
B．uneasy
C．internal
D．external
5．A．recognition
B．admission
C．identification
D．reflection
6．A．covers
B．hides
C．involves
D．connects
7．A．persistence
B．resistance
C．existence
D．insistence
8．A．inaction
B．inspiration
C．inability
D．instinct
9．A．absolutely
B．particularly
C．specifically
D．necessarily
10．A．for example
B．in fact
C．in the long run
D．on the contrary
11．A．exchange
B．transformation
C．transition
D．transplantation
12．A．distinguished
B．outstanding
C．excellent
D．successful
13．A．abandoning
B．fulfilling
C．enhancing
D．awarding
14．A．core
B．purchase
C．nature
D．pursuit
15．A．process
B．progress
C．consequence
D．end
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．D 10．D 11．C
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了美国人对pleasure 和fun，excellence 和achievement 这两组词使用频率
的变化，即pleasure 和excellence 使用频率降低，fun 和achievement 使用频率增加，指出并分析美国文化所
发生的转变。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很难确切知道它是如何流行起来的，是如何满足新需求的，以及是如
何获得新意思的。A. necessary 必要的；B. difficult 困难的；C. possible 可能的；D. crucial 至关重要的。根
据前一句中的“as complex as a hurricane”可知，知道一个词流行、满足新需求以及拥有新词义的方式是很
难的。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不可能将某一词的衰退归咎于另一词的兴起。A. impose 推行；B.
criticize 批判；C. impress 给……留下深刻的好印象；D. blame 归咎，责怪。故根据上文中的“In the history
of language, words rise and fall.(在语言的历史中，词语跌落起伏)”可知，词语有兴有落，这是自然的现象，
所以不能将一个词的衰退归咎到其他词的兴起上。选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但两组词的命运却暗示了美国文化的转变。A. literature 文学；B. culture 文
化；C. history 历史；D. population 人口。根据最后一段中的“American culture”可知，此处是culture 的原词
复现。故选B。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是对注重事物内在价值这一观点的偏离：从表示内心状态的“愉悦”
到和外部活动紧密相关的“娱乐”；从其成就本身即为回报的内在品质“卓越”到历经苦干和认可获得的
“成就”。A. peaceful 和平的；B. uneasy 不安的；C. internal 内部的，内在的；D. external 外部的，外在的。
根据后面的“to ‘fun’, so closely affiliated with outward activities”可知，此处pleasure 和fun 对照，所以空处
应和outward 对照，表示“内心状态”。故选C。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. recognition 认可；B. admission 承认；C. identification 确认；D.
reflection 反映。根据空前的“‘achievement’, which comes through hard work”可知，此处只历经苦干和认可
才获得的“成就”。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“娱乐”虽然对现代人来说几乎和“愉悦”相同，但通常含有人为诱导的
因素。A. covers 覆盖；B. hides 隐藏；C. involves 包含；D. connects 将……联系起来。根据上文中的
“comes organically”和空后的“artificial inducement(刺激)”可知，这里指“娱乐”含有人为诱导的因素。故
选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国人从“愉悦”到“娱乐”使用的转变，可能在一定程度上解释了美国
人在所有场合都坚持行动，而不相信愉悦会自行生成。A. persistence 锲而不舍；B. resistance 反对；C.
existence 存在；D. insistence 坚持。insistence on 意为“坚持”，为固定搭配。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Elizabeth Gilbert 最畅销的回忆录《美食，祈祷，爱》中，她总结道，
“美国人无法放松到纯愉悦中。我们是一个寻求娱乐的国家，但不一定是一个寻求愉悦的国家。”A.
inaction 无行动；B. inspiration 启发；C. inability 无能，不能；D. instinct 本能。根据上文中的“rather than
trusting pleasure to develop on its own”可知，美国人不相信愉悦会自行生成，所以他们不能放松到纯愉悦的
状态。故选C。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们是一个寻求娱乐的国家，但不一定是一个寻求愉悦的国家。A.
absolutely 绝对地；B. particularly 特别；C. specifically 具体地；D. necessarily 必然地。not necessarily 意为
“不一定”，为固定搭配。故选D。
10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：而意大利人则掌握了“无所事事”之美。A. for example 例如；B. in fact 事
实上；C. in the long run 从长远来看；D. on the contrary 恰恰相反。根据上一句“Ours is an entertainment-
seeking nation, but not a pleasure-seeking one.(我们是一个寻求娱乐的国家，但不一定是一个寻求愉
悦的国家)”和下文中的“have mastered ‘bel far niente (the joy of doing nothing)’”可知，美国人和意大利人的
情况是相反的。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有从“卓越”到“成就”的转变。A. exchange 交换；B. transformation
（彻底的）变化；C. transition 转变，过渡；D. transplantation 移植。根据上文中的“The transition of
American usage from ‘pleasure’ to ‘fun’”可知，上文讲述了pleasure 到fun 的转变，此处为transition 的原词复
现，讲述了另一组词的转变。故选C。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是捡垃圾者还是神经外科医生，任何人都可以取得成就，但真正卓
越者有几人？A. distinguished 杰出的；B. outstanding 出色的；C. excellent 卓越的；D. successful 成功的。根
据上文中的“from ‘excellence’ to ‘achievement’”和本句中的“achieve”可知，此处是问有多少人能真正做到
卓越。故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它与其说是发挥内在潜能，不如说是勾选（任务完成与否的）复选框。A.
abandoning 抛弃；B. fulfilling 实现；C. enhancing 促进；D. awarding 奖励。根据前面的“checking boxes”可
知，此处是说发挥内在潜能。fulfil potential 意为“发挥潜能”。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：华尔街出现不顺利的部分原因是许多人追求成就者奖金，而忽视了在职业
中追求卓越。A. core 核心；B. purchase 购买；C. nature 自然；D. pursuit 追求。根据前面的“chased
achiever bonuses”可知，此处与之对应，说的是追求卓越。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：追逐即时声名的美国文化教给年经人的是：名望本身是追求的终极目标，
而非卓越技能的偶然现象。A. process 过程；B. progress 进步；C. consequence 后果；D. end 目的。根据后
面的“an incidental symptom”可知，这里与之相反，是说不是偶尔现象，而是终极目标。故选D。
Passage 5 语法填空
（2025 届四川省泸州市泸县四川省泸县第五中学高三模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Melting pot” means a place where people from many different ethnic groups or cultures form a united
society. The idea comes from
1
(heat) metals in a container. When they melt, the metals unite and
become
2
new and stronger. This term has been used to describe the United States as a nation created
from people who came here from many different countries.
A Frenchman who was living in America expressed the idea more than 200 years ago. J. Hector de
Crevecoeur
3
(publish) a book called Letters From an American Farmer in 1782. He wrote that
America had people from many different countries. He said that they would become a new people
4
work would one day change the world.
For many years, Americans generally accept the idea
5
their country is a melting pot. They
welcome immigrants from many nations. Yet some of those immigrants criticize the melting pot idea. They feel
they are forced to lose their culture and language
6
(accept) in America. Other people also criticize the
idea. They say the aim of the melting pot is to make different cultures disappear into the one
7
(represent) the largest group.
New groups of immigrants from Asia and Latin America are changing the United States today. Some are
resisting learning American culture and language. Reports say some Americans fear that the nation is separating
into many groups that have no
8
(share) purpose. Others say the melting pot is no longer changing the
nation’s immigrants, but the immigrants are changing America.
Some experts who study immigration say they now compare American society
9
a salad bowl. A
salad is made of many different foods. They each keep their own taste
10
being part of a successful
product. In this way, cultural groups keep their customs and language and are still part of American society.
【答案】
1．heating 2．something 3．published 4．whose 5．that 6．to be accepted 7．
representing 8．shared 9．to 10．while/when
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍“熔炉”这一概念的定义、起源及其在美国社会中的应用和争
议，展示了美国社会对移民的态度及其变化。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：“熔炉”这个概念来源于在容器中加热金属。空格前的from 是介词，介词后
接动名词形式，作宾语。故填heating。
2．考查不定代词。句意：当它们熔化时，这些金属融合在一起，变成了某种新的、更强大的东西。根据
句意和空格前的become 可知，这里需要一个不定代词来表示“某种新的、更强大的事物”，且句子为肯
定句。something 常用于肯定句中，指代事物。故填something。
3．考查动词时态。句意：J. Hector de Crevecoeur 在1782 年出版了一本名为《美国农民书信集》的书。空
格处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in 1782 可知，该动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填published。
4．考查定语从句。句意：他说他们将成为一个新的民族，这个民族的工作有朝一日会改变世界。
4
work would one day change the world 是定语从句，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰work，表示所属关系，
应用关系代词whose 引导。故填whose。
5．考查同位语从句。句意：多年来，美国人普遍接受他们的国家是一个“熔炉”的理念。空格后的部分
their country is a melting pot 是同位语从句，解释名词idea 的内容，从句意义完整，不缺成分，应用只起连
接作用、无实意的that 引导。故填that。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们觉得为了在美国被接受，他们被迫失去自己的文化和语言。空格处作目
的状语，应用不定式形式，且they 和accept 之间是被动关系，即“他们被接受”，应用动词不定式的被动
形式to be accepted。故填to be accepted。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们说“熔炉”的目的是让不同的文化融入代表最大群体的那种文化中消失。
空格处修饰空格前的the one，the one 指代the culture，represent 和the one 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，
作后置定语。故填representing。
8．考查形容词。句意：报道称，一些美国人担心这个国家正在分裂成许多没有共同目标的群体。空格处
修饰名词purpose，应用形容词shared“共有的”，作定语。故填shared。
9．考查介词。句意：一些研究移民问题的专家说，他们现在把美国社会比作一个沙拉碗。compare...to...是
固定搭配，意为“把……比作……”，to 是介词。 故填to。
10．考查时间状语从句。句意：它们各自保留着自己的味道，同时又是一个成功作品的一部分。根据句意
和空格后的being part of a successful product 可知，空格处引导时间状语，且意义为“与……同时”，应用
连接词while 或when 引导。故填while 或when。
