高考英语主题词分析
一、汽车驾驶
1.hand brake 手刹
Push in your brakes and let go of your hand brake.踏下您的刹车，松开您的手刹。
2.battery n 电池
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000
retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers' memory and
thinking skills through a battery of tests.德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名
75岁以上的退休工人，并通过一系列的测试评估了这些志愿者的记忆力和思维能力。 【2020·
浙江卷·阅读理解】
3.break down 损坏； （汽车） 抛锚
She made numerous efforts to break down colour lines in public places.她为打破公
共场所的种族界限做出过许多努力。
Many people were expecting (that) the peace talks would break down.许多人预料和
平谈判会破裂。
4. garage n 汽车间； 汽车库
As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked
down the long staircase.我们走出停车场时，沿着长长的楼梯走下去，可以看到喷泉。
【2020·北京卷·知识运用】
5.helmet n 头盔
The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets.
骑自行车的人都必须在自行车道行驶，并且要戴上头盔。
6.license n 执照； 许可证
driving license 驾照
All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car.所有的申请人都必
须有驾照并要有可使用的汽车。 【2021·天津卷·阅读理解】
driving license/driver's license驾驶执照
The driver's license examination should be more strict.Only in this way can we
create a safer society.驾驶执照考试应更加严格。 只有这样，我们才能创建一个更安全的社
会。
7.roof n 屋顶； 顶部
Fields of flowers, tile-roofed villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful
experience.花田、遍布瓦屋顶的村庄和美味佳肴丰富了这一美妙的体验。 【2020·新课标卷
Ⅲ·阅读理解】
二、健康行为
1.activity n 活动
social activity 社会活动
It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity,
however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem
State University in Salem, Mass.
马萨诸塞州塞勒姆大学的运动科学助理教授贾克琳·诺伯格说，正是这种奇特的形式使竞走
成为一项有吸引力的活动。【2020·新课标卷Ⅰ·阅读理解】
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司2.deep breath 深呼吸
I took a deep breath of the fresh sea air.我深吸了一口海边的新鲜空气。
3.do exercise 做运动
We are supposed to do exercise once or twice a day to keep healthy.我们应该每天
锻炼一两次以保持健康。
4.fibre n 纤维
Separate the useful fibre from the rest of raw materials.
把有用的纤维从剩余的原材料中分离出来。
5.habit n 习惯； 习性
His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send
them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while." 他自己的孩
子现在已经养成了在外面玩的习惯：“我们只是让他们到花园里去，并告诉他们一段时间内不要
回来。” 【2021·浙江卷·阅读理解】
develop / form / get into a habit （ of ） 养成（ ……的） 习惯
have a habit of 有……的习惯
habitual adj 习惯的
habitually adv 习惯地
易混词辨析
habit, custom, practice
habit，custom和practice都有“习惯，惯例，习俗”的意思，habit侧重不易去掉的个人
习惯，如
I tried to break the habit of staying up too late, but failed.
我试图改掉熬夜的习惯，但做不到。
custom除指个人的习惯，还可指某地区人们接受并遵守的行为方式或准则，如
It was his custom to get up early.
早起是他的习惯。
practice指个人或社会的习惯性做法或行为，如
Frying potatoes in animal fat is a normally accepted practice in many Nordic
countries.
在许多北欧国家，用动物油煎马铃薯是一个为大家所接受的习惯。
6.keep fit 保持健康
I go swimming every day in order to keep fit.我每天游泳以保持健康。
7. keep in good health 养生
I must keep in good health and not die.我必须让自己身体健康，不要死掉。
Regular exercise can keep you in good health.定期运动能让你保持良好的健康状况。
8.keep warm 保暖
Regular exercise can keep you in good health.定期运动能让你保持良好的健康状况。
The children jumped up and down to keep warm.孩子们上下跳动保持身体暖和。
9.living habit 生活习惯
You can eat more fruit and vegetables and have a good living habit.你可以多吃水
果和蔬菜，并养成良好的生活习惯。
10.peace n 和平； 安宁
peace of mind 心态平静
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his
mother-in-law.She lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife
and their two daughters.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司至少对尼克·布莱特来说，想要找到平和与安静就必须去他岳母住的地方，她住在一楼，而
他和妻子以及两个女儿住在楼上。 【2020·新课标卷Ⅲ·阅读理解】
11.sit still 静坐
I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children
shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when
they can't sit still.我参观过一些据说“有效”的新学校，在那里，孩子们喊着口号来学习
自控，当他们不能安静地坐着时，必须站在桌子后面。
三、惊讶惊奇
1.amaze vt 惊叹； 惊奇； 使震惊
amazed adj 吃惊的； 感到惊奇的
"We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders," Dr.Jubilado said.朱比拉多博士说：“他们在水下停留的时间比我们当地的岛民
长得多，这让我们非常惊讶。” 【2020·新课标卷Ⅲ·阅读理解】
易混词辨析 ：
amaze, surprise, astonish, shock
amaze，surprise，astonish和shock 都有“使惊讶，吃惊”的意思。amaze指因发生不可
能或极少出现的情况而惊讶，偏褒义，如
Your ability to speak six languages amazes me!
你竟会说六门语言！我太惊讶了！
surprise多指因未预料或意外的事而引起惊奇之感，如
We were surprised at finding the house empty.
我们惊讶地发现房子是空的。 astonish指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到大为
震惊，如
He was astonished at what he found: a man was lying in the box.
他所看到的使他大为震惊：箱子里躺着一个人。
shock语气最强烈，指对感情造成强烈触动，令人无法相信，如
We were all shocked at the news of her death.
听到她的死讯，我们都感到震惊。
2.amazing adj 令人惊异的
There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they
need it.外面有一个神奇的世界，它需要我们的孩子，正如他们需要它一样。 【2021·浙江
卷·阅读理解】
3.astonish vt 使惊讶
As for the bushels of sketches and studies which Millet produced in the last six
weeks, well, it would astonish you to know the figure we sell them at nowadays.至于
米勒在过去六个星期里创作的大量的速写和习作，嗯，如果你知道我们现在销售它们的价格，你
会大吃一惊的。
4.shocked adj 感到吃惊的； 震惊的
shock n 震惊 v 使震惊
When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to
the car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city center, they were shocked
to find two policemen standing next to it.在格拉斯哥市中心，车主约翰·安德森和他的同
事卡罗尔·劳伦斯回到那辆价值3.5万英镑的车时，他们震惊地发现车旁边站着两名警察。
【2018·北京卷·知识运用】
5.stunned adj 目瞪口呆的
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司When they told me she was missing I was totally stunned.当他们告诉我她不见了时，
我完全惊呆了。
6.startled adj 受惊吓的
Martha gave her a startled look.玛莎受惊地看了她一眼。
7.astounded adj 被震惊的
His arrogance astounded her.他的傲慢使她震惊。
拓展「 表示惊讶与困惑」 的短语 ：
1.at a loss困惑
2.look blank一脸茫然
3.scratch one’s head挠头
4.feel numb with shock惊呆了
5.be speechless with shock吓得说不出话来
6.come as a shock to sb.让某人很震惊
7.look at sb.in confusion困惑地看着某人
8.one’s jaw drops/falls in astonishment目瞪口呆
9.raise one’s eyebrows in surprise惊讶地扬起眉毛
10.have a confused/puzzled look on one’s face脸上带着困惑的神情
四、旅行方式
1.destination n 目的地
It's a good idea to choose an alternative destination in case your first-choice
tourist spot is not available.如果你首选的旅游景点去不成的话，选择一个替代目的地是个
好主意。 【2021·天津卷·知识运用】
2.journey n 旅行； 行程
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence, France, with Prof.Ori
Soltes.与 Ori Soltes 教授一起游览法国普罗旺斯的美丽乡村。 【2020·新课标卷Ⅲ·阅读理
解】
易混词辨析
tour, journey, travel, trip
tour，journey，travel和trip都有“旅行，旅游”的意思，tour指距离可长可短的周游或
巡行，目的各异，旅途中有停留游览点，最后返回出发地，如
The family planned a 10-day tour of China.
这家人计划了一次中国十日游。
I plan to take a tour of the major cities in Europe.
但journey尤指长途的或经常性的旅行，旅程，如
How about a journey across Europe?
来一场横贯欧洲之旅怎么样？
My journey to China cost over ¥30,000.
中国之行花了我三万多元。
但travel泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目
的地，如
The new job involves a fair amount of travel.
新工作需要经常出差。
但trip口语多用，常指为公务或游玩而进行的短期旅行,如
On Sunday we went out on a day trip.
周日我们出去旅行了一天。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司3.ride v 骑车/ 马 ； 乘车
We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt
like walking.我们提出送莎伦回家，但她拒绝了，说想步行回去。【2020·天津卷·知识运
用】
4.route n 路线； 路程； 路途
a change of route 路线的改变
the best route 最佳路线
Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route make cycling fun and relaxing.舒适的自
行车和顺畅的旅游路线使骑自行车有趣而放松。【2018·全国卷I 】
5.schedule n 时刻表； 计划表 v 安排； 计划
bus schedule 公共汽车时刻表
Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do
during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up.在
为这周将要做的趣事感到兴奋之前，请记住，你的日程安排即将发生很大变化。 【2021·天津
卷·阅读理解】
易混词辨析
chart, diagram, schedule, table
chart，diagram，schedule和table都有“表格”的意思，chart指把资料制成表格等形式
供人看，如
The bottom chart shows the unemployment rate.
下面的图表显示了失业率。
diagram侧重指用图形、图表等来说明，如
Our teacher drew a diagram of the heating system.
我们老师画了一张供热系统示意图。
schedule既可指时间或计划的安排表，又可指详细列出所有分类的清单或细表，如
The pricing schedule will be released later this month.
本月的迟些时候才会公布价目表。
table一般指易于迅速查阅，具有特定编排方法的表格，如
We want to see the table of results.
我们想看看成绩表。
6.sightseeing n 游览； 观光
I'm also planning a trip to Rome for sightseeing after that.我还计划在那之后去罗
马观光。 【2021·浙江卷·听力】
do / go sightseeing 观光旅游
a sightseeing tour 观光旅行
7.traveler n 旅行者
It attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding
forests.它吸引着游客来这里骑自行车和步行穿过周围的森林。 【2015·湖北卷】
a frequent traveler to ...经常去……
He is a frequent traveler to Belgium.
他经常到比利时去旅行。
8.trip n 旅行； 旅程
Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles.事实上，一
次真正的环保之旅必须符合以下原则。 【2021·全国乙卷·知识运用】
9.vehicle n 车辆； 交通工具
If you ask the question "How did you get here?", it can bring in "I have this
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司old, broken-down vehicle" or "I rode the bus with these crazy people who were
laughing at silly jokes in the back."
如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这样的问题，它便会引出“我开我那辆破旧车来的”或
“我乘坐公共汽车来的，车后面那群疯子讲一些无聊的笑话而哈哈大笑”。【2021·全国乙卷·
阅读理解】
10.voyage n 航行； 航海； 旅行
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
一组新的照片让一次不成功的南极航行恢复了生机。 【2016·新课标卷Ⅱ】
五、饮品种类
1.alcohol n 酒精； 酒
drink alcohol 喝酒
alcohol abuse 酗酒
"I often invited them to drink alcohol.Once they were drunk, they began to talk
a lot," Wang said.“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。”王说。
【2021·新高考II卷·知识运用】
2.beer n 啤酒
Our bar serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.我们的酒吧供应鸡尾酒、咖
啡、啤酒和白葡萄酒。【2016·全国卷】
3.Coca — Cola n 可口可乐
He bought a Hershey Bar and a bottle of Coca-Cola.他买了一块“好时”巧克力和一瓶
可口可乐。
4.coffee n 咖啡
Every time you make coffee, dry the leftover coffee grounds and keep them in
small bowls, then place the bowls in the kitchen.每次你煮咖啡的时候，把剩下的咖啡渣
虑干放进小碗里，然后把碗放在厨房里。 【2021·新高考I卷·听力】
5.coke n 可乐
He was still hanging around, swigging the Coke out of the can.他依然在闲逛着，拿
着一罐可乐大口大口地喝着。
6.juice n 果汁
Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and
much more 打包一个袋子、切一块蛋糕、猜猜哪个果汁容器盛的液体最多等等
7.lemonade n 柠檬水
They had one bottle of lemonade.他们有一瓶柠檬水。
8.mineral water 矿泉水
When I told them I was parched, they went and got me a bottle of mineral water.
当我跟他们说我口渴时，他们去给我拿了一瓶矿泉水来。
9.tea n 茶； 茶叶
This will take five seconds and I can go to have a cup of tea.这需要五秒钟，我可
以去喝杯茶。
10.wine n 葡萄酒
sweet wine 甜葡萄酒
If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their
soapbox.
如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该试图让他们离开讲话的地方。【2021·全国乙卷·阅
读理解】
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司11.yoghurt n 酸奶
Lunch was a feast of meat and vegetables, cheese, yoghurt and fruit, with
unlimited wine.午餐是一场盛宴，有肉、蔬菜、奶酪、酸奶和水果，以及不限量的葡萄酒。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
