必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
I. 阅读词汇
1. conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制
2. philosophy n. 哲学
3. military adj. 军事的；军用的
4. gallery n.（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊
5. chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的 n.（公司或机构的）首领；酋长
6. ancestor n. 祖宗；祖先
7. port n. 港口（城市）
8. landscape n.（陆上，尤指乡村的）风景
9. roll vi. & vt.（使）翻滚；（使）滚动 n. 卷（轴）；翻滚
10. battle n. 战役；搏斗 vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
11. currency n. 通货；货币
12. transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁
II. 写作词汇
1. individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
2. charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电
3. amount n. 金额；数量
4. approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
5. ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保
6. position n. 位置；姿态；职位 vt. 安装；安置
7. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
8. greet vt. 问候；迎接
9. striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的
III. 拓展词汇
1. belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应→____________ n. [U]归属感；[pl.]所有物；财物
2. defence n. 防御；保卫→____________ vt. 防御；保卫→____________ adj. 防御的；保护的
3. surround vt. 围绕；包围→____________ adj. 周围的；附近的→____________ n. 环境
4. evidence n. 证据；证明→____________ adj. 明显的；清楚的；显而易见的
5. achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到→____________ vt. 达到；实现
6. location n. 地方；地点；位置→____________ vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的准确位置
→____________ adj. 坐落于；位于
7. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称→____________ n. 宣布；通知→____________ n. 广播员；播音员
8. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→____________ n. 慷慨；大方→____________ adv. 慷慨地；
大方地
9. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→____________ adv. 热心地；急切地→____________ n. 热切；渴望
10. poet n. 诗人→____________ n. 诗；韵文→____________ n. 诗歌
11. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的→____________ v. 使……入迷；迷住→___________ adj. 入
迷的
12. puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vi. 迷惑；使困惑→____________ adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的
→____________ adj. 令人迷惑的
13. crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤→____________ adj. 拥挤的
IV. 重点短语
1. ___________________把…和…连接或联结起来
2. _________________脱离；背叛；逃脱
3. __________________属于
4. __________________留心；留意
5. __________________导致
6. __________________接管；接收
7. _________________对……有很大影响
8. _________________谈到；查阅；指的是
9. _________________把…抛在后面；留下；遗留
V. 经典句式
1. 句型公式：过去分词（短语）作后置定语
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像
拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即米字旗。
2. 句型公式：have+宾语+宾语补足语
They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰各地建造了城
堡，并对法律体系进行了修改。
3. 句型公式：the way 后接定语从句
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. 他们首次创
造了英语，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
4. 句型公式:as well as 连接两个并列成分
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即米字旗。
V.语篇填空
When studying in the United Kingdom, I was no longer puzzled about when England got Wales,
Scotland and Ireland 1. ________ (join) to it or when the southern part of Ireland broke away from it.
Actually, the four 2. ________ (belong) to the UK use the same currency and military defence, but they
have different legal systems. There were many fascinating places, so I had to keep my eyes open. Later I
traveled to Ireland where I found myself 3. ________ (fascinate) by the landscape. It was 4. ________ feast
for my eyes as if I were approaching a gallery where Ⅰ 5. ________ (surround) with beautiful pictures.
Every day I was greeted 6. ________ the rolling mountains dotted with sheep and cattle, the roar of the
ocean and the scent of flowers. I often had a sip of wine or beer in nearby 7. ________ (pub). The waiters
there charged a small amount of money for 8. ________ (they) service. Once I talked about their customs
with a crowd of Irish people 9. ________were interested in our Confucius philosophy, poems created by
poets in the Tang Dynasty and our ancestors’ chief achievements. They were generous and shared with me a
snack cooked with butter and honey and a mouthwatering stew. The journey is so striking that I’m eager
10. ________ (go) there again.
核心考点 精讲精练
Part 1 重点单词
1. belong vi. 适应；应在 (某处) 〈变〉belonging
n. 归属；(pl. ) 所有物；财物
真题
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) If you plan on working out in a
gym, that person must belong to the same gym. 如
果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人必须在同一个健
身房。
考点
练透
① (译林·X1U1) The feeling of happiness and sense
of ________ (belong) can become particularly
important for people who move away from their
home country.
Before getting off
②
, please check whether your
________ (belong) are left on the drifting boat.
③我上周参观的这个山村由五个民族的30 户人家
组成。(一句多译)
→The mountain village I visited last week is made
up of 30 families
. (定语从句)
→The mountain village I visited last week is made
up of 30 families
. (非谓语动词)
When I was waiting on the stage to be awarded
④
, I
couldn’t help thinking that
. 当我在舞台上等待被
颁奖时，我不禁想到这个奖属于我们团队的每
一个人。(读后续写·心理描写)
2. surround vt. 包围；围绕；环绕
surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
surroundings n. (pl. ) 环境
教材
( 人教·X2U2) Some may struggle and suffer from
culture shock when learning how to behave in new
surroundings. 在学习如何在新环境中举止得体
时，有些 (学生) 可能会感到吃力，并受到文化冲
击。
考点
练透
① ( 人教·X3U3) The beautiful Li River and its
amazing ________ (surround) scenery is one of
the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Surrounding yourself
②
________ people who will
provide you with support can be very beneficial.
Surrounded
③
________ green trees, the farm is
located at the foot of the hill near our school, with
a small river flowing through it.
In my painting
④
, you can see the mists rising from
the river and . 在
我的画中，你能看到薄雾从河里升起，柔软的
云朵环绕着山顶。(读后续写·环境描写)
3. charge vt. 收费；控告；充电n . 收费；主
管；指控；电荷
真题
(2021·天津第一次) He offered to fix bikes free of
charge for anyone who needed it. 他主动提出为任
何有需要的人免费修车。
考点
练透
① (人教·X4U1) Whoever is charged ________ a
crime should be presumed innocent until proven
otherwise.
Tickets are available free
②
________ charge from
the school.
I will
③
, which
aimed to introduce traditional Chinese culture to
foreigners. 我将负责这次班会，其旨在向外国人
介绍中国传统文化。(咨询信)
The shop owner
④
, I
felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up
within me. 店主没有收我面条的钱，我感到一股
温暖和感激之情涌上心头。(读后续写·心理描
写)
4. puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问vt. 迷惑；使困
惑 puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的
puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
真题
(2023· 浙江1 月卷) Read a book, knit, do a
crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold
outside the window. 读一本书、织织毛线、玩填字
游戏，或者只是看着窗外的世界徐徐展开。
考点
练透
You will be puzzled
①
________ their meanings if
you don’t learn about the backgrounds of these
Tang poems.
She lost heart since she failed the exam
②
, because
her future was ________ (puzzle).
③消防员对这场火灾的起因困惑不解。(一句多译)
→The firemen
the cause of the fire. (puzzle n. )
→ the cause of the
fire. (puzzle v. ; 主语从句)
④ (2024·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·读后续写) Though
, he sensed my frustration
and patted me on the shoulder. 虽然感到有些困
惑，他还是察觉到我的沮丧，拍了拍我的肩
膀。
5. amount n. 数量；数目；金额vi. 合计；共计
〈近〉quantity n. 数量sum n. 总额
真题
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Because the system is automated,
it significantly reduces the amount of water needed
to grow plants. 由于该系统是自动化的，它大大减
少了种植植物所需的水量。
考点
练透
① (北师大·X2U6) As present-day advertisers often
have large budgets, huge amounts of money
________ (spend) on applying modern design
techniques to make these advertisements as visually
attractive as possible.
The money I earned during the summer holiday
②
amounted ________ 300 dollars, which could
help support my family.
③ the local school.
在慈善义卖中筹集的一大笔钱已捐给了当地的
学校。(活动报道)
Tears streamed down his face when
④
she had
gone through. 当他意识到她所经历的痛苦时，
眼泪顺着他的脸流了下来。(读后续写·心理描
写)
6. approach vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理vi . 靠近
n. 接近；方法；途径 〈近〉method, way
真题
(2024· 北京卷) One night, in my early 40s, I
dreamed that a big woman in red approached me,
handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start
painting. 在我四十岁出头的一个晚上，我梦见一
个高大的红衣女子向我走来，递给我一袋颜料，
让我开始画画。
考点
练透
① ( 译林·X2U4) By delivering the content in a
meaningful way, this new approach to ________
(learn) manages to engage students’ interest and
enhance learning efficiency.
Only when you adopt a method
②
________
managing your time properly can you find the
approach ________ working effectively.
③ , I’d like to invite
you to join us in celebrating it. 中秋节快到了，我
想邀请你和我们一起过中秋节。(邀请信)
Jane got to her feet shakily
④
,
and threw herself into his
arms, sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulder. Jane
颤抖着站起来，向她哥哥走去，扑进他的怀
里，靠在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写·动作
描写)
7. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
eagerness n. 热心；渴望
eagerly adv. 急切地；渴望地；热心地
真题
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Though some are initially scared
of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are
eager to try something new. 虽然有些人一开始害
怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝
试新的东西。
考点
练透
① (外研·B1U1) I woke up early and rushed out of
the door in my ________ (eager) to get to know
my new school.
Kate was in a hurry to grow up
②
, eager ________
knowledge and experience.
On reaching it
③
, my mom opened the door
immediately, and .
一到那里，妈妈就立刻打开了门，急切地催促
我们搭帐篷。(读后续写·心理&动作描写)
④ (2023·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·读后续写) On seeing my
teacher waiting for me, I
. 看到老师在等我，我无
法掩饰想和他分享这个好消息的渴望。
Part 2 短语句式
8. break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
教材
( 人教·B2U4) Finally, in the 20th century, the
southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,
which resulted in the full name we have today: the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland. 最后，在20 世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了
联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及
北爱尔兰联合王国。
考点
练透
用break 有关短语的正确形式填空
① ( 外研·B2U6) It takes hundreds of years for
plastic ________, but much less time for paper.
② (译林·X3U4) In some conflict areas where civil
wars often
________,
fighters have even
destroyed heritage sites on purpose.
It
③’s bad manners ________ when others are
speaking.
There was no one nearby who might see him trying
④
to ________ the house.
My dog suddenly
⑤
_________ _______ me,
charged at the door and began to bark fiercely. (读
后续写·动作描写)
9. as well as 连接两个并列成分
真题
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking
photos. 美国人仍然在开车时发短信，也会使用社
交网络和拍照。
考点
练透
① (北师大·B1U1) Their school lives are now more
attractive and interesting, and they enjoy playing
football in the playground, as well as ________
(sing) songs they’ve learnt.
The famous musician
②
, as well as his students,
________ (invite) to perform at the opening
ceremony of the Flower Expo last week.
The activity benefited us a lot
③
, raising our
awareness of charity
. 这次活动让我们受益匪
浅，它提高了我们的慈善意识，也培养了我们
帮助有需要的人的习惯。(活动报道)
Tears welled up in her eyes
④
, and
. 她泪如泉涌，心
好像也被撕碎了。(读后续写·心理描写)
10. the way 后接定语从句
真题
(2022·浙江卷·读后续写) I will never forget the
way they looked at me when they were given food.
我永远不会忘记他们在得到食物时看着我的样
子。
考点
练透
① (人教·B2U5) During those times, music can help
you in the same way ________ it helped me.
② (外研·B2U1) Mum and I just have to find a way
________ (get) him into the kitchen!
Only by changing
③
can we get along well with it. 只有通过改变我们
对待环境的粗暴方式，我们才能与它和谐共
处。(倡议书)
This film provides foreign audiences with
④
. 这部电影
为外国观众提供了一种更好地了解中国过去和
现在的新方式。(推荐信)
梯级训练 循序渐进
Part 1 基础达标练
维度一 语境辨义
Ⅰ. 熟词生义
1. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The wind picked up and thunder rolled.
________
2. (2021·全国甲卷) In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear.
________
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷) Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
________
4. The happy memory of getting along with my best friend crowded into my mind.
________
Ⅱ. 一词多义
1. charge
A. n. (商品和服务所需的) 要价；收费 B. n. 主管；职责 C. v. 指控 D. v. 收费 E. v. 向……方
向冲去 F. v. 充电
① (2023·全国甲卷) So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any
charges when I’ve moved out.
________
② (2023·全国甲卷) Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women
now leading the charge.
________
③ (2022·新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·读后续写) Hearing my words, David beamed a big smile, stood up and charged
towards the starting line.
________
The hotel
④
charges thirty-five dollars a day for this room.
________
⑤Charged with acting dishonestly in her business, she was in low spirits.
________
Have you got your phone
⑥
charged? It was powered off just now.
________
2. approach
A. vt. & vi. 靠近；临近 B. vt. 接洽；联系 C. vt. 处理 D. n. 方法；途径
① (2023·浙江1 月卷) Hovering (悬停), she approached within six inches of my face.
________
She decided to adopt a different
②
approach to the problem.
________
Please
③
approach our customer service if you need advance booking.
________
Could you tell me your way to
④
approach this problem?
________
维度二 考点强化
1. (2024·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷) Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled ________ the bus station.
2. (2024·全国甲卷) Instead, surround yourself ________ healthy choices.
3. (2024·浙江1 月卷) If you take an online course, what can you do ________ (ensure) the best possible grade?
4. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic________ (location), we
make sure there is always a bike available for you.
5. (2022·全国甲卷) As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ________ (greet) by a group of
little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello.
6. Finally, it is suggested that the system be established ________ (legal).
VIII.写作衔接
1.应用文(活动报道·参观孔子的故乡——曲阜)
假定你是李华，上周末你们班组织学生参观了孔子的故乡——曲阜。请你为你校英文报写一篇活动
报道，内容包括：1. 参观经过；2. 活动收获。
Last weekend, I, as well as my classmates, visited Qufu, Confucius’ hometown.
Located in Shandong Province, it is a fascinating city whose surrounding landscape is also very charming.
Not only did we visit the Confucius Temple, an amazing huge complex, but also tasted delicious Shandong
cuisine. Visiting Qufu offered us a unique opportunity to immerse ourselves in ancient Chinese traditions and gain
insight into Confucian philosophy.
I am eager to invite you to experience it at first hand, and I ensure you’ll be satisfied.
2.读后续写(心理描写·失望与绝望)
Ⅰ. 素材积累
单
词
disappoint→disappointment→disappointed→disappointing;
helpless→helplessly;
hopeless
→
hopelessness; desperate→desperation; despair; down (沮丧；情绪低落); abandon (陷入/沉湎于某
种情感)
短
语
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
let sb down 使某人失望
lose heart 失去信心
in a state of depression 处于沮丧的状态
ruin one’s hope (s) 使某人的希望破灭
be/feel disappointed/down 感到失望
in despair/desperation 在绝望中；绝望地
feel hopeless/desperate 感到绝望
fall/sink into despair/hopelessness 陷入绝望
abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望
be thrown into the depths of despair 陷入深深的绝望
weep bitter tears of despair/desperation 绝望得痛哭流涕
throw sb in low spirits 使某人陷入情绪低迷的状态
be overwhelmed/seized by disappointment/despair 非常失望/绝望
lift/glue one’s eyes to sb with despair 绝望地抬起眼睛看/盯着某人
句
子
① (人教·B3U4) However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the
desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，尽管这些灾难带来了许多悲伤与失望，探索
宇宙的渴望永不磨灭。
② (外研·X3U4) Jimmy held Robutt tightly. He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his
face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. Jimmy 紧紧抱着Robutt。他也皱着眉头，脸上
绝望的表情表明他不愿改变主意。
③ (北师大·X4U10) I’m in the depths of despair. Can you eat when you are in the depths of
despair? 我彻底绝望了。你彻底绝望的时候还能吃得下东西吗？
④ (外研·X1U2) The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads
it, their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence. 出版商给了回信，作家急切地拆
开并阅读，当他们读到最后一句时，他们的心跌落谷底。
Trapped in the flood
⑤
, tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face. 被
困在洪水中，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。
⑥A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely. (无灵主语句) 一种绝望的感
觉完全吞噬了他。
Ⅱ. 对点场景练
旅游遇险Standing on the peak of the mountain, ①we were astonished by the spectacular scenery, not
realizing the storm was coming in the distance. Soon, it rained cats and dogs, ②accompanied with rolling
thunder. Cold and tired, we were soon wet through, ③throwing us in despair. Worse still, with the sun setting
slowly, it became misty and colder. ④Overwhelmed with a sense of complete despair, we almost gave up our
hope and ⑤abandoned ourselves to helplessness. ⑥Tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streaming
down my face, I trembled violently, praying someone would find us and lead us out of the mountain.
站在山顶上，我们被壮观的景色惊呆了，却没有意识到暴风雨正从远处来临。很快，伴随着滚滚雷
声，大雨倾盆而下。我们又冷又累，很快浑身都湿透了，这让我们陷入绝望。更糟糕的是，随着太阳慢
慢落下，天空变得雾蒙蒙的，天气更加寒冷了。被一种完全绝望的感觉淹没了，我们几乎放弃了希望，
陷入了无助。恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来，我剧烈地颤抖着，祈祷有人能发现我
们并带领我们走出大山。
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
III. 拓展词汇
1. belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应→belonging n. [U]归属感；[pl.]所有物；财物
2. defence n. 防御；保卫→defend vt. 防御；保卫→defensive adj. 防御的；保护的
3. surround vt. 围绕；包围→surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的→surroundings n. 环境
4. evidence n. 证据；证明→evident adj. 明显的；清楚的；显而易见的
5. achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt. 达到；实现
6. location n. 地方；地点；位置→locate vt. 确定……的准确地点；找出……的准确位置→located adj. 坐
落于；位于
7. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称→announcement n. 宣布；通知→announcer n. 广播员；播音员
8. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方→generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地
9. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地→eagerness n. 热切；渴望
10. poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗；韵文→poetry n. 诗歌
11. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v. 使……入迷；迷住→fascinated adj. 入迷的
12. puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vi. 迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的→puzzling adj.
令人迷惑的
13. crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众 vt. 挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj. 拥挤的
IV. 重点短语
1. join... to... 把……和……连接或联结起来
2. break away (from sb/ sth）脱离；背叛；逃脱
3. belong to 属于
4. keep your eyes open (for）留心；留意
5. result in 导致
6. take over 接管；接收
7. have a great influence on 对……有很大影响
8. refer to 谈到；查阅；指的是
9. leave behind 把……抛在后面；留下；遗留
V.语篇填空
1.joined 2.belonging 3.fascinated 4.a 5.was surrounded 6.with 7.pubs 8.their 9.who/that 10.to go
精讲精练
UPart 1 重点单词
1.
belonging
①
②belongings ③which/that belong to five nationalities;belonging to five nationalities ④this
prize belonged to every one in our team
2.
surrounding
①
②with ③by/with ④the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops
3.
with
①
②of ③take charge of this class meeting ④charging me nothing for the noodles
4.
about/over
①
②puzzling ③were in a puzzle about;What puzzled the firemen was
feeling a little puzzled
④
5.
are spent
①
②to ③A large amount of money raised in the charity sale has been donated to ④he realized
the amount of pain
6.
learning
①
②of; to ③With the Mid-Autumn Festival approaching/With the approach of Mid-Autumn
Festival/At the approach of the Mid-Autumn Festival/With the Mid-Autumn Festival around the corner
④approached her brother
7.
eagerness
①
②for ③eagerly urged us to put up the tent/urged us to put up the tent with eagerness
④couldn’t hide my eagerness to share the good news with him
UPart 2 短语句式
8.
to break down
①
②break out ③to break in ④break into ⑤broke away from
9.
singing
①
②was invited ③as well as developing our habit of helping people in need ④her heart seemed
to be torn as well
10.
that/in which/
①
不填 ②to get ③the rough way (in which/that) we treat the environment ④a fresh way
of better knowing/to better know China’s past and present
UPart 1 基础达标
一、Ⅰ.1.v.发出持续的声音 2.v.使处于 3.v.竞争;较量 4.v.涌上(心头);涌入(脑海)
Ⅱ.1.
A
① ②B ③E ④D ⑤C ⑥F 2.
A
① ②D ③B ④C
二、1.into 2.with 3.to ensure 4.locations 5.greeted 6.legally
