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Unit3 语法篇
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1.熟练掌握现在完成时的标志词的用法
2.掌握have/has been to, have/has gone to 与have/has been in 的区别
3.掌握 yet 与already 的区别
现在完成时（2）
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。它是从时间上或后果上和现在
联系起来，而不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发
生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
2. have/has been to, have/has gone to 与have/has been in
1) have/has been to 意为“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once，twice，
three times 等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever 等连用。如：
My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。
I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。
2) have/has gone to 表示“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。一般只用第三人称作主语。
—Where is Jim? —吉姆在哪里？
—He has gone to England. —他去英国了。（尚未回来）
Mr. Wang isn't here. He has gone to Qingdao. 王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。
3) have/has been in 表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。如：
I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了。
He has been in London for half a month．他来伦敦已有半个月了。
注意：
4) have been to，have gone to 和have been in 后接表示地点的副词there，here 等时，介词to 和in
常省略。
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You have never been there before，have you? 你以前从没有去过那儿，是吗？
They have gone there. 他们已去那儿了。
5) have been in 后面还可接表示组织、团体的名词，表示“某人加入某组织”。
He has been in the Party for two years. 他入党已经两年了。
3. yet 与already
1)already 通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”。有时already 用于疑问句中表示惊讶、怀疑等语气。
I have finished reading the book already．我已经读完这本书了。
Have you finished reading the book already？你真的已经读完这本书了？（表示惊讶）
2)yet 一般用在疑问句或否定句中：在疑问句中意为“已经”，在否定句中意为“还”，通常放
在句末。
—Have you found the book yet？你已经找到那本书了吗？ —Not yet．还没找到。
She hasn't finished her homework yet．她还没有做完作业。
单项选择
1.（2015 江苏连云港中考）In the past few years, great changes
in Lianyungang.
A. take place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. have been taken place
2.（2015 江西中考）---Ben and Sue aren't home, are they?
---No. They
to London on business.
A. have gone
B. go
C. have been
D. will go
3.（2014 福建福州中考）---Liu Ming, is that our head teacher Miss Chen over there?
---It can't be her. She
Xiamen for a meeting.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. has been away
4.（2014 南京中考）---Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour.
---Because I
my task yet. I still need one more hour.
A. won't finish
B. didn't finish
C. haven't finished
D. hadn't finished
5.（2015 天津蓟县期中）However, we have not found life on any other planets
.
A. already
B. yet
C. either
D. ever
6. It is said that there
lots of stars in the sky for millions of years. Do you think so?
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. have been
基础演练
一、按要求转换句型
1. I have already read this book. (改为一般疑问句)
you
this book
?
2. They haven't seen each other for two years. (对划线部分提问)
they seen each other?
3
3. The boy has ridden a horse several times. (对划线部分提问)
has the boy ridden a horse?
4. His father has been to Australia. (改为一般疑问句)
his father
to Australia?
5. The bridge was built 500 years ago. (对划线部分提问)
the bridge
?
6. I have already watered the plants. (改为否定句)
I
watered the plants
.
7. Did your uncle visit England last year? (改为现在完成时)
your uncle
England?
8. We have done something very special. (改为一般疑问句)
done
very special?
9. My parents have been to London. (对划线部分提问)
your parents
?
10. I have ever visited the Great Wall with my son. (改为否定句)
I
visited the Great Wall with my son.
巩固提高
二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)
1. 我刚刚给他写了一封信。
I
just
to him.
2. 你决定什么时候动身去上海了吗？
you
when to leave for Shanghai
?
3. 父母已经同意让我去承德旅游了。
My parents
me travel to
Chengde already.
4. 你去过北京香山吗？
you
to Mount Xiang in Beijing?
5. 我妈妈去青岛了。
My mother
Qingdao.
6. --- 孩子们已经回家了吗?
--- 还没有。
---
the children
home?
--- Not
.
7. --- 你已经读过《小妇人》了吗？
--- 不，我没读过。
---
you read Little Women
?
--- No, I
.
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8. 他们刚刚在火星着陆了。
They
on Mars.
9. 他已经读完了这本小说。
He has already
the novel.
10. 他们在一艘宇宙飞船上飞了好几天。
They
in a spaceship for several days.
11. 她以前从来没有考虑过这件事。
She
the thing before.
一、单项选择
1. ---
you
China for a long time?
--- Yes, I came here three years ago.
A.
Have; come to
B.
Did; come to
C.
Have; been in
D.
Have; gone to
2. He
Tokyo for long.
A.
has left
B.
has been away from
C.
has been away
D.
has gone away
3. They left for Beijing last week and we
them so far.
A.
don't hear from
B.
didn't hear from
C.
haven't heard from
D.
won't hear from
4. Tom's mother must be
at home now.
A.
still
B.
yet
C.
ever
D.
already
5. --- Where's your father?
--- He
to Singapore for a meeting. He
there twice.
A.
has gone; has been
B.
has been; has gone
C.
has gone; has gone
D.
has been; has been
6. --- Have you cooked supper
?
--- Yes, I have
finished it.
A.
yet; just
B.
yet; ever
C.
already; yet
D.
already; just
7. Tom hasn't been to Italy
, but he has
been to America. He
returned from New York City.
A.
already; yet; just
B.
yet; already; just
C.
already; never; just
D.
yet; already; never
8. I have
written a letter to my parents, but I haven't posted it
.
A.
yet; already
B.
already; already
C.
already; yet
D.
yet; yet
9. --- May I speak to John?
--- Sorry, he
Japan, and he
in two days.
A.
has gone to; won't come back
B.
has gone to; will be back
C.
has been in; would come back
D.
has been in; won't come back
10. --- Have you taken away the paper? But we will use it later.
5
--- Sorry. I'll
.
A.
bring back it
B.
bring back them
C.
bring it back
D.
bring them back
二、完形填空
Scientists think that there has been life for 1
of years. However we haven't found life
on other planets 2
. The earth is a planet and it 3
around the sun. Seven other
planets also go 4
the sun. The sun and its planets are 5
the solar system. The
solar system is a small part of our galaxy.
Scientists 6
lots of spacecraft to look at other planets in the solar system, and some
spacecraft have gone 7
the solar system. However, no one 8
any life in
space yet.
But why has no one from other planets sent us a message? Have they tried to send 9
to
us? 10
so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space? We
don't know.
1.
A.
thousands
B.
millions
C.
hundreds
D.
billion
2.
A.
already
B.
never
C.
yet
D.
just
3.
A.
go
B.
turn
C.
travel
D.
goes
4.
A.
to
B.
back
C.
around
D.
into
5.
A.
called
B.
call
C.
calling
D.
calls
6.
A.
send
B.
sent
C.
have sent
D.
will send
7.
A.
out
B.
beyond
C.
into
D.
up
8.
A.
discovered
B.
discovers
C.
has discovered
D.
have discovered
9.
A.
message
B.
informations
C.
information
D.
news
10.
A.
With
B.
Have
C.
Use
D.
Because
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阅读理解
A
In the universe, as we all know, there is the sun, the moon, the earth and a good many stars. Through
our geography lessons, we know the earth goes around the sun, and the moon goes around the earth. We
have day and night because the earth keeps turning all the time. When our part of the earth turns to the sun,
it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night.
Just because the moon is closer to the earth than the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun. Big things
will look smaller when they are further, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer.
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The sun is big enough to give out very strong light. The moon can't give any light at all, but it looks
quite bright, too. Why? In fact, the light from the moon comes from the sun. The moon looks much bigger
and brighter than the stars. But actually(事实上) the stars are much bigger and brighter than the moon.
They look smaller than the moon also because they are further away from the earth.
There are many other planets in the universe. But of all the planets, only on the earth there are living
things and people can only live on the earth, too. But at 9:00 a.m. on October 15th, 2003, Chinese pilot
Yang Liwei was sent up to space. He stayed there for 21 hours. It was the first time for Chinese to get into
space.
1. We find the sun is
than the moon because it is
to us.
A.
bigger; farther
B.
smaller; closer
C.
bigger; closer
D.
smaller; farther
2. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, the other part of the earth is
.
A.
night
B.
day
C.
evening
D.
Sunday
3. People and living things can live on the
.
A.
earth
B.
Mars
C.
moon
D.
sun
4. When did the pilot from our country return to the earth?
A.
On November 15th, 2002.
B.
On October 16th, 2003.
C.
On May 15th, 2004.
D.
On October 15th, 2003.
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.
The moon goes around the earth, and it can't give out any light at all.
B.
The moon goes around the sun, and its light is from the sun.
C.
The earth moves around the moon, and people can live only on the earth.
D.
Of all the planets, only the earth moves around the sun.
B（浙江杭州萧山区靖江初中2014 期中）
One day, I was cooking with my friend Sandy in the kitchen. Suddenly, Sandy cut her finger. I went
to her quickly. But to my surprise, I saw computer chips in her finger.
“Now you know my secret, you have to die！”Sandy said and picked up the knife.“No, please,
Sandy. Aren’t we good friends?”I shouted. But before Sandy could say anything, she fainted (昏厥）.
“Oh, Sandy，”I took her to hospital in a hurry. After a doctor checked her ,he said, “I’m afraid we
can’t help her. Maybe you should take her to a robot center.”
I hurried to a robot center. A few days later, Sandy was well. She asked, “Mary, why did you save
me even after I tried to kill you?”
“Because I’m sure you are my friend. Can you tell me where you are from?”
“I’m from another planet. It’s far from here. Thank you, my friend. Now I see how friendly people
are on the Earth.”
Two days later, a UFO came and picked her up. Since then, I’ve never seen her.
6. What was Sandy doing when she cut her finger?
A. She was watching a film named UFO.
B. She was cooking in the kitchen.
C. She was doing dishes.
D. She was doing some shopping with her friends.
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7. What did Sandy want to do when her friend knew her secret?
A. To kill her friend.
B. To run after her friend.
C. To go to the hospital.
D. To play with the knife.
8. Who saved Sandy’s life in the end?
A. The writer and the police.
B. The doctor in the hospital.
C. The doctors and the robots.
D. The writer and experts in the robot center.
9. Where was Sandy from?
A. Another country.
B. A robot center.
C. Another planet.
D. A hospital.
10. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Finally, Sandy told the writer her secret.
B. At last, Sandy thought the people on the earth were friendly.
C. Sandy was taken away by a UFO.
D. Sandy has returned to the earth several times.
C
What's the red star in the sky through a telescope(望远镜)? It is Mars. Do you want to know more
about it? Take the “Mars Orbit Express”!
“Mars Orbit Express” is a space probe(探测器). It was sent towards Mars by American scientists on
August 12th, 2005. Its tasks are to study Mars' atmosphere and return photos to Earth. But before that
“Mars Orbit Express” must travel about 100 hundred million kilometers and seven months. It reached Mars'
orbit(轨道) in March, 2006.
Mars and Earth have similar weight and size. However, Mars is closer to the sun than Earth. Mars is
very cold. The average temperature is below 50℃. The temperature at noon only reaches 20℃ during a
Mars day. Its atmosphere is mostly CO2. It has much sand and two moons—Phobos and Deimos.
Scientists think Earth and Mars had similar beginnings 4.6 billion years ago. But while Earth supports
millions of lives, Mars becomes bad. “Earth easily could have turned out like that.” said an scientist, “It is
important for us to find out why and Mars Orbit Express should do that.” “Mars Orbit Express” also would
help scientists to learn what might happen to Earth in the future. “Mars Orbit Express” would work for
about four years.
11. What can you see through a telescope when watching Mars?
A.
Much sand.
B.
A red star.
C.
Its atmosphere.
D.
Its size.
12. One of the tasks of Mars Orbit Express is
.
A.
taking pictures of Mars
B.
studying the weight of Mars
C.
finding out distance between Earth and Mars
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D.
telling the time it takes to go from Earth to Mars
13. Compared with Earth,
.
A.
Mars has a long history
B.
Mars is big and heavy
C.
Mars is close to the sun
D.
Mars' atmosphere is mainly CO[[sub]]2[[/sub]]
14. Which might be the proper title for the passage?
A.
Mars: Differences from Earth
B.
A probe: to Learn More About Mars
C.
Mars: Change of Temperature
D.
A probe: to Tell the Future of Earth
D
We have always been interested in the moon. 2000 years ago people already knew it moved around
the earth and where it would be in the sky at different times of the year. At that time, everything about the
moon was learned by watching it carefully in the sky.
When scientists could use telescopes to study the moon more closely, their ideas began to change.
They could see the moon was made of rocks. Most scientists thought moon rocks would be different from
those on Earth. This was because they believed the moon had once been a planet that had been caught in
the earth's gravity(引力) millions of years earlier.
In 1969 moon rocks were finally brought to the earth and studied. Much to their surprise, scientists
found that, except for water, the moon and the earth were made of the same things. Once again new ideas
were needed for this new information.
After years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of Earth. They believe
very early in its history, maybe 4 million years ago, something about the size of Mars hit Earth. This sent
billions of rocks into space around our planet. These rocks slowly joined together and after many years
became the moon.
In the future, even though our ideas about the moon may change again, we will still be interested in it.
15. Now, we're sure
A.
Moon rocks are quite different from those on Earth
B.
Moon was once a part of Earth
C.
Moon moves around Earth and it's the only satellite(卫星) of Earth
D.
Moon was once a planet caught in Earth's gravity
16. In 1969 there is a big event, that is
.
A.
humans found water in Moon rocks
B.
scientists made out a modern spaceship
C.
scientists invented an advanced telescope
D.
humans left their footprints on Moon
17. What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?
A.
Why people are interested in the moon
B.
How ideas about the moon have changed over time
C.
Where the moon came from in the past
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D.
That people have finally learned the truth about the moon
18. Before 1969 most scientists thought the moon was
.
A.
part of the earth billions of years earlier
B.
older than the earth
C.
a planet caught by the earth's gravity
D.
made of the same things as the earth
19. From this passage we can learn that
.
A.
scientists in the past were not clever
B.
the earth was once part of the moon
C.
new information brings new ideas
D.
we now know everything about the moon
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