考点分析
解题技巧
专题突破03 人物职业、身份及关系（听力专练）
人物职业、身份及关系类试题是高考英语听力测试中的核心题型之一，主要考查考生根据对话内容
中的关键信息、语气和上下文语境，推断出对话一方或双方的身份、职业以及他们之间关系的能力。这类
题目同样很少直接给出答案，需要考生进行逻辑推理和综合判断。其内容紧密围绕日常交际场景，要求考
生具备通过典型用语判断人物属性的能力。
常见的考查内容包括：
人物职业：如医生、护士、老师、学生、服务员、司机、警察、图书管理员、修理工等。
人物身份：如顾客、乘客、患者、游客、家庭成员 父子、母女、夫妻等、同学、朋友、同事等。
人物关系：明确对话双方的社会或角色关系，如店员与顾客、医生与病人、老师与学生、司机与乘客、
夫妻/情侣、朋友、同事等。
此类题型可分为两大类：
细节辨认类：对话中可能会出现直接表明身份或职业的词汇 如 sir, madam, professor, doctor，但更多
时候需要考生捕捉与特定职业或身份紧密相关的“标志性”词汇或表达。
推理判断类：对话中没有任何直接提示，需要考生根据谈话的语气、内容、涉及的问题以及双方的互
动方式 如是否客气、是否熟悉进行深层推理。
常见的提问方式有：
What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
Who is the man/woman speaking to?
What is the man’s/woman’s job/profession/occupation?
What do we know about the woman?
What does the man/woman do?
Who is the man/woman most likely to be?
与地点场景题捕捉“场景词”类似，人物职业、身份、及人物关系题的本质就是通过“场景词”来还
原对话发生的语境，从而推断出人物的角色和关系。
人物职业、身份及关系题基本解题技巧
核心思路： 听音时，快速捕捉与特定场景相关的“标志性词汇”，将这些词汇作为“线索”，并结
合对话的语气、态度进行综合推理，从而准确判断人物关系或身份。
解题三步法：
听前预测： 快速浏览问题和选项，预判对话可能涉及的主题。
听中抓取： 集中注意力捕捉场景相关的“场景词”和“语气词”。
听后推断： 将捕捉到的关键词汇进行逻辑整合，选出最符合场景逻辑的答案。
以下是特定职业或身份紧密相关的“标志性”词汇或表达：
1. 常见职业
职业
核心关键词
Teacher /
Professor 教师/教
授
homework 家庭作业, assignment 作业/任务, essay 论文, paper 论文/报告, exam 考
试, test 测验, quiz 小测, grade 成绩, mark 分数, class 班级/课堂, lesson 课, lecture
讲座, course 课程, subject 科目, semester 学期, due date 截止日期, extension 延期,
explain 解释, understand? 明白了吗？
Doctor / Surgeon
医生/外科医生
pain 疼痛, fever 发烧, cough 咳嗽, headache 头痛, stomachache 胃痛, symptom 症
状, examine 检查, diagnosis 诊断, prescription 处方, medicine 药, pill 药丸, tablet
药片, dosage 剂量, operation 手术, surgery 外科手术, recover 康复, patient 病人,
clinic 诊所
Nurse 护士
ward 病房, injection 注射, temperature 体温, blood pressure 血压, medicine 药,
doctor's order 医嘱, patient care 病人护理。
Waiter / Waitress
服务员
menu 菜单, order 点餐, dish 菜, specialty 特色菜, appetizer 开胃菜, main course 主
菜, dessert 甜点, drink 饮料, wine 葡萄酒, bill/check 账单, tip 小费, serve 服务,
"Are you ready to order?" 您准备好点餐了吗？, "How is everything?" 一切都还好
吗？/味道如何？
Shop/ sales
Assistant /
Salesperson 店
员/销售员
size 尺寸, color 颜色, price 价格, cost 花费, expensive 贵的, cheap 便宜的,
discount 折扣, on sale 打折中, try on 试穿, fit 合身, brand 品牌, cash 现金, credit
card 信用卡, receipt 收据, "Can I help you?" 需要帮忙吗？
Librarian 图书管
理员
book 书, borrow 借入, return 归还, due date 到期日, overdue 过期, fine 罚款,
renew 续借, magazine 杂志, journal 期刊, catalog 目录, search 搜索, quiet 安静的
Repairman /
Mechanic /
Plumber 修理
工/机修工/水管工
fix 修理, repair 维修, break down 坏了, something is wrong with... ...出问题了,
leak 泄漏, pipe 管子, tap 水龙头, sink 水槽, engine 引擎, tire 轮胎, check 检查,
tool 工具
Police Officer 警
察
license 执照, driver's license 驾照, speeding 超速, ticket 罚单, accident 事故, crime
犯罪, thief 贼, stolen 被偷的, report 报告, "What's the problem?" 有什么问题？
Postal Worker /
Mailman 邮政工
作人员/邮递员
mail 邮件, letter 信, package 包裹, parcel 包裹, postage 邮费, stamp 邮票, airmail
航空邮件, registered mail 挂号信, address 地址, deliver 递送
Publisher 出版
商/出版人
publish 出版, book 书籍, manuscript 手稿, contract 合同, author 作者, edition 版本,
printing 印刷
Junior specialist
初级专家
assistant 助理, report 报告, data 数据, research 研究, team 团队, project 项目, learn
学习
Department
manager/head
department 部门, team 团队, budget 预算, meeting 会议, strategy 策略, report 报告,
decision 决定
部门经理/主管
Employer/
Company director
雇主/公司董事
company 公司, business 业务, manage 管理, board 董事会, executive 执行官,
decision 决定, hire 雇佣
Engineer
工程师
engineer 工程师, design 设计, project 项目, technical 技术的, system 系统, build 建
造, problem-solving 解决问题
City offfcial
市政官员
city 城市, government 政府, public 公共的, policy 政策, community 社区, service
服务, official 官员
Bus driver
公交车司机
bus 公交车, drive 驾驶, passenger 乘客, stop 站点, route 路线, fare 车费, schedule
时刻表
News reporter
新闻记者
news 新闻, report 报道, interview 采访, story 故事, journalist 记者, camera 相机,
live 直播
Gardener 园丁
garden 花园, plant 植物, flower 花, tree 树, water 浇水, soil 土壤, grow 种植
Pop singer
流行歌手
sing 唱歌, song 歌曲, music 音乐, concert 音乐会, fan 粉丝, album 专辑,
performance 表演
Researcher
研究员
research 研究, experiment 实验, data 数据, analysis 分析, lab 实验室, result 结果,
paper 论文
Actress 女演员
act 表演, role 角色, movie 电影, theater 剧院, script 剧本, stage 舞台, character 角
色
Musician 音乐家
music 音乐, play 演奏, instrument 乐器, band 乐队, concert 音乐会, compose 作曲,
perform 表演
Designer 设计师
design 设计, creative 创意的, style 风格, project 项目, client 客户, concept 概念,
fashion 时尚
Photographer
摄影师
photo 照片, camera 相机, shoot 拍摄, picture 图片, lens 镜头, studio 摄影棚,
portrait 肖像
Art director
艺术总监
art 艺术, direct 指导, creative 创意的, team 团队, project 项目, visual 视觉的,
design 设计
Coach 教练
coach 教练, train 训练, team 团队, player 队员, game 比赛, practice 练习, strategy
策略
2. 常见身份
身份
核心关键词
Student
学生
study 学习, campus 校园, dormitory 宿舍, cafeteria 食堂, scholarship 奖学金,
graduate 毕业/毕业生, freshman 大一新生
Patient
病人
feel sick 感觉不舒服, uncomfortable 不适, appointment 预约, visiting hours 探
视时间
Customer / Passenger
buy 买, price 价格, destination 目的地, ticket 票, flight 航班, hotel 酒店,
/ Tourist 顾客/乘客/游
客
sightseeing 观光, map 地图, suitcase 行李箱
Sports club members.
运动俱乐部成员
club 俱乐部, team 队伍, exercise 锻炼, training 训练, coach 教练, match 比赛,
gym 健身房
Visitors
参观者/访客
visit 参观, museum 博物馆, exhibition 展览, gallery 美术馆, ticket 门票, guide
导游, tour 游览
Laid-off worker
下岗工人
laid-off 下岗, job 工作, unemployed 失业的, seek employment 找工作,
interview 面试, compensation 补偿金, training 培训
Job applicant
求职者
apply for 申请, position 职位, resume 简历, interview 面试, qualification 资格,
experience 经验, hire 雇佣
Volunteer
志愿者
volunteer 志愿者, help 帮助, community 社区, service 服务, charity 慈善,
unpaid 无报酬的, organize 组织
3. 常见人物关系
1 社会服务关系
这是考查频率最高的一类，特点是一方提供专业服务，另一方是接受服务的顾客或客户。关系较为正
式、短暂。
类别
人物关系
对话关键词句
购物消费
类
Salesperson
/
Shop assistant
and customer
(售货员/店员
与 顾客)
服务方
Can I help you? 需要帮忙吗？
What size do you wear? 您穿什么尺码？
It's on sale. 这个正在打折。
The fitting room is over there. 试衣间在那边。
That comes to $50. 一共50 美元。
客户方
I'm just looking. 我只是看看。
Do you have this in red? 这个有红色的吗？
Can I try it on? 我能试穿吗？
It's too expensive. 太贵了。
关键词
price 价格, size 尺码, color 颜色, discount 折扣, try on 试穿,
fitting room 试衣间, cash/credit 现金/信用卡
Hairdresser
and customer
(理发师 与 顾
客)
服务方
How would you like your hair done? 您想怎么做头发？
Shampoo? 要洗头吗？
Just a trim? 只是修一下？
Is the water temperature okay? 水温可以吗？
客户方
I'd like a haircut. 我想剪发。
Don't cut it too short. 别剪太短。
Can you thin it out? 能打薄一点吗？
关键词
haircut 理发, shampoo 洗头, trim 修剪, style 造型, mirror 镜子,
hairdryer 吹风机
Chef
and
customer ( 厨
师 与 顾客)
[通常通过对话
场景推断]
关键词常
围绕食物
口味
Is everything to your liking? 饭菜合您口味吗？
The steak is perfect. 牛排做得很好。
This is too salty. 这个太咸了。
关键词
taste 味道, dish 菜肴, delicious 美味的, salty/sweet 咸/甜, cook
烹饪, kitchen 厨房
餐饮住宿
类
Customer and
waiter ( 顾客
与 服务员)
服务方
Are you ready to order? 可以点餐了吗？
What would you like to drink? 想喝点什么？
I'll bring your bill. 我把账单拿来。
客户方
We need a menu. 我们需要菜单。
I'll have the fish. 我要鱼。
Check, please. 买单。
关键词
menu 菜单, order 点餐, dish 菜, bill/check 账单, tip 小费,
restaurant 餐厅
Hotel
Receptionist
and Guest
(酒店前台 与
客人)
服务方
Do you have a reservation? 您有预订吗？
Can I see your ID? 能看一下您的身份证吗？
Your room number is... 您的房间号是...
Check-out time is... 退房时间是...
客户方
I'd like to check in. 我想办理入住。
I have a reservation under the name of... 我以...的名字预订了房
间。
关键词
reservation 预订, check in/out 入住/退房, room key 房间钥匙,
luggage 行李, single/double room 单/双人间
交通旅游
类
Driver
and
passenger ( 司
机 与 乘客)
司机
Where to? 去哪儿？
That'll be $20. 车费20 美元。
Buckle up, please. 请系好安全带。
乘客
Take me to the airport. 带我去机场。
How long will it take? 要多久？
Can you stop here? 能在这里停吗？
关键词
taxi 出租车, fare 车费, destination 目的地, meter 计价器, get
in/off 上车/下车
Guide
and
tourist ( 导游
与 游客)
导游
Follow me, please. 请跟我来。
This building dates back to... 这栋建筑的历史可以追溯到...
We'll meet back here at 5 pm. 我们下午5 点在这里集合。
游客
Where is the restroom? 洗手间在哪儿？
How old is this place? 这地方有多久历史了？
关键词
sightseeing 观光, tour 旅行, historical 历史的, attraction 景点,
itinerary 行程
公共服务
类
Librarian and
library user (图
书管理员 与
借阅者)
管理员
Can I help you find something? 需要帮忙找书吗？
Your book is overdue. 您的书过期了。
The book is due in two weeks. 这本书两周后到期。
借阅者
I'd like to return these books. 我想还这些书。
Do you have this novel? 你们有这本小说吗？
关键词
borrow/return 借/还, due 到期, overdue 过期, fine 罚款, renew
续借, catalog 目录
Doctor
and
patient ( 医生
与 病人)
医生
What seems to be the problem? 您哪里不舒服？
Let me take your temperature. 我给您量下体温。
Take this medicine twice a day. 这个药一天吃两次。
病人
I have a fever and a cough. 我发烧咳嗽。
My stomach hurts. 我胃疼。
How long will it take to recover? 多久能康复？
关键词
pain 疼痛, fever 发烧, cough 咳嗽, medicine 药, prescription 处
方, examination 检查, recover 康复
2 工作与学习关系
这类关系发生在学校、 workplace 等固定场所，人物之间有稳定的社会角色联系。
类别
人物关系
对话关键词句
职场关系
Boss
and
secretary
/
Employer
and
employee (老
板 与 秘书
/ 雇主 与
员工)
上级
Please type this letter. 请把这封信打出来。
Schedule a meeting for me. 给我安排个会议。
This report needs to be done by Friday. 这份报告周五前要完
成。
下级
Yes, Mr. Smith. 好的，史密斯先生。
I'll get it done right away. 我马上就去办。
The client is on the line. 客户的电话接通了。
关键词
boss 老板, employer 雇主, secretary 秘书, employee 员工,
order 命令, task 任务, report 报告, schedule 日程安排,
appointment 预约, type 打字, arrange 安排, immediately 立即
Colleagues /
Fellow
workers
/
Fellow clerks
关键词体现平
等协作
Have you finished the report? 你的报告写完了吗？
The meeting is at 3 pm. 会议在下午3 点。
How is your project going? 你的项目进展如何？
(同事)
Let's work on this together. 我们一起做这个吧。
关键词
colleague 同事, coworker 同事, teammate 队友, project 项目,
deadline 截止日期, meeting 会议, client 客户, presentation 演
示, teamwork 团队合作, cooperate 协作
学业关系
Teacher and
student (老师
与 学生)
老师
Any questions? 有什么问题吗？
The exam will cover chapter 5. 考试会涵盖第5 章。
Your essay is due next Monday. 你的论文下周一交。
学生
I didn't understand the last point. 最后一点我没听懂。
Could you repeat that? 您能重复一遍吗？
When is the homework due? 作业什么时候交？
关键词
teacher 老师, professor 教授, student 学生, homework 作业,
assignment 任务, exam 考试, test 测验, grade 成绩, lecture
讲座, course 课程, chapter 章节, explain 解释, question 问题
Classmates /
Schoolmates
/
School
friends ( 同
学)
关键词围绕共
同学习生活
What did you get for question 2? 第二题你答案是什么？
Are you going to the lecture? 你去听讲座吗？
Let's study together for the final. 我们一起去复习备考期末
吧。
See you in the cafeteria. 食堂见。
关键词
classmate 同学, schoolmate 校友, lecture 讲座, exam 考试,
test 测验, study 学习, library 图书馆, cafeteria 食堂, dorm
宿舍, campus 校园, question 问题, answer 答案
3 个人与社会关系
这类关系基于血缘、地缘或友谊，关系亲密、随意。
类别
人物关系
对话关键词句
家庭关系
Husband
and
wife / Couple
(夫妻/情侣)
关键词亲密，
涉及共同生活
Honey, I'm home. 亲爱的，我回来了。
What should we have for dinner? 我们晚饭吃什么？
How was your day? 今天过得怎么样？
Let's visit our parents this weekend. 这周末去看看爸妈
吧。
关键词
husband 丈夫, wife 妻子, couple 情侣, darling 亲爱的,
honey 宝贝, dear 亲爱的, dinner 晚餐, home 家, family
家人, parents 父母, weekend 周末, plan 计划
Father
and
daughter
/
Mother and son
父母
Have you finished your homework? 你作业做完了吗？
Be home by 10 pm. 晚上10 点前到家。
Be careful! 小心点！
(父女 / 母子)
Brother
and
sister ( 兄妹/ 姐
弟)
Relatives (亲戚)
孩子
Mom, can I have some money? 妈，能给我点钱吗？
But all my friends are going! 但我所有的朋友都去！
关键词
parent 父母, father 父亲, mother 母亲, child 孩子, son 儿
子, daughter 女儿, homework 作业, money 钱, careful 小
心, safe 安全, curfew 宵禁, friends 朋友
朋友与熟
人关系
Friends (朋友)
关键词随意，
涉及休闲计划
What's up? 最近怎么样？
How about seeing a movie? 去看场电影怎么样？
Are you going to the party? 你去参加派对吗？
That was a great game! 那场比赛太精彩了！
关键词
friend 朋友, pal 伙伴, buddy 兄弟, movie 电影, party 派
对, game 比赛, fun 乐趣, hang out 闲逛, together 一起,
plan 计划, weekend 周末
Old classmates
(老同学)
回忆过去
Do you still remember our math teacher, Mr. Brown? 你
还记得我们的数学老师布朗先生吗？
Those high school days were unforgettable! 那些高中时光
真令人难忘！
We used to sit together in class. 我们过去上课常坐在一
起。
感慨现状与重
逢
I haven’seen you for ages! 我好多年没见你了！
What have you been up to since graduation? 毕业后你一
直在做什么？
关键词： reunion 同学会, graduation 毕业, used to 过去
常常, remember 记得, years ago 多年前。
关键词
old classmate 老同学, reunion 同学会, graduate 毕业,
graduation 毕业典礼, remember 记得, used to 过去常常,
years ago 多年前, catch up 叙旧
Neighbors ( 邻
居)
关键词围绕社
区生活
Did you hear the noise last night? 你昨晚听到噪音了吗？
Your dog was in my garden again. 你的狗又跑到我花园
里了。
Can you help me with this package? 你能帮我搬下这个包
裹吗？
关键词
neighbor 邻居, noise 噪音, dog 狗, garden 花园,
community 社区, help 帮助, package 包裹, apartment 公
寓, street 街道
强化训练
Travel
companions
/
Fellow-travelers
(旅伴)
商量旅行计划
Should we go to the museum first or the castle? 我们应
该先去博物馆还是城堡？
What time does our train leave? 我们的火车几点开？
分享旅行体验
The view from here is amazing! 这儿的景色太美了！
Could you take a photo for me? 你能帮我拍张照吗？
关键词
travel 旅行, trip 旅途, companion 同伴, itinerary 行程,
sightseeing 观光, train 火车, flight 航班, hotel 酒店, map
地图, photo 照片, view 风景
Hostess
and
guest
/
Host
and visitor ( 女
主人/ 主人 与
客人)
主人提供招待
Make yourself at home. 请像在自己家一样别客气。
Can I get you something to drink? 我给你拿点喝的好
吗？
Would you like to stay for dinner? 你想留下来吃晚饭
吗？
客人表达礼貌
Thank you for having me. 谢谢你的招待。
Your home is very cozy. 你的家很温馨。
I really should be going. 我确实该走了。
关键词
host 主人, hostess 女主人, guest 客人, visitor 访客,
welcome 欢迎, drink 饮料, dinner 晚餐, comfortable 舒适
的, thank you 谢谢, hospitality 好客
陌生人关
系
Strangers (陌生
人) [通常发生
在问路、初次见
面等场景]
对话简短、礼
貌，以寻求/提
供帮助为目的
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station? 打
扰一下，能告诉我去车站怎么走吗？
I think you dropped this. 我想你掉了这个。
Thank you so much. 非常感谢。
You're welcome. 不客气。
关键词
stranger 陌生人, excuse me 打扰一下, help 帮助,
direction 方向, way 道路, lost 迷路, thank you 谢谢,
welcome 不客气
练习 1 听音频，根据说出的句子判断该说话者可能的职业。难度：三星
A. Professor
B. Doctor
C. Waiter
D. Salesperson
E.
Librarian
F. Repairman
G. Police Officer
H. Mailman
I. Publisher
J.
Bus
driver
K. News reporter
L. Gardener M. Pop singer
N. Actress
O. Coach
1.______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
4.______________
5. ______________
6. ______________
7.______________
8. ______________
9. ______________
10.______________
11. ______________
12. ______________
13.______________
14. ______________
15. ______________
练习2 听音频中的对话，从方框中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。难度：四星
A. Customer
B. Student
C. Patient
D. Passenger
E. Tourist
F. Sports club member. G. Volunteer H. Visitor
I. Laid-off worker J. Job applicant
1. Who is the woman? ______________
2. Who is the woman? ______________
3. Who is the woman? ______________
4. Who is the man? ______________
5. Who is the woman? ______________
6. Who are the speakers? ______________
7. Who is the man? ______________
8. Who is the man? ______________
9. Who is the man? ______________
10. Who is the woman? ______________
练习 3 听下面30 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听
完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。难度：四星
1. Who is the woman most likely to be?
A. A doctor.
B.A teacher
C.A student.
2. What is Mike's job?
A. A taxi driver.
B.A car repairman.
C. A traffic policeman.
3. What's the probable relationship between the woman and Tom?
A. Teacher and student.
B. Doctor and patient.
C. Brother and sister.
4．What is the probable relationship between the man and Kate?
A．Boss and employee.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Workmates.
5. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
A．Shopkeeper and customer.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Mother and son.
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Colleagues
B．Brother and sister
C．Teacher and student
7. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Teacher and student.
B．Manager and employee.
C．Classmates.
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Teacher and student.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Customer and waitress.
9. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Neighbors.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Grandfather and granddaughter.
10. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Boss and secretary.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Customer and waitress.
11. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A．Husband and wife.
B．Mother and son.
C．Boss and secretary.
12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Boss and secretary.
B．Waitress and customer.
C．Father and daughter.
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter.
C. Classmates.
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Colleagues.
B．Classmates.
C．Teacher and student.
15. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Doctor and patient.
B. Journalist and player.
C. Teacher and student.
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Mother and son.
B. Doctor and patient.
C. Teacher and student.
17. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student.
B. Repairman and customer.
C. Classmates.
18. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Delivery man and shop assistant. B. Baker and customer.
C. Co-workers.
19. What is the probable relationship between the man and the woman?
A. Consumer and salesman
B. Husband and wife.
C. Manager and worker
20. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B. Brother and sister.
C. Salesperson and customer.
21. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Student and professor.
B．Doctor and patient.
C．Boss and employee.
22. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Strangers.
B. Neighbors.
C. Co-workers.
23. .What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and patient.
B. Boss and worker.
C.Husband and wife.
24. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B. Neighbors.
C. Teacher and student.
25. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife.
B. Waitress and customer. C. Mother and son.
26. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. A couple.
B. Co-workers.
C. Boss and worker
27. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Doctor and patient.
B. Teacher and student.
C.Customer and waiter.
28. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Salesman and customer.
B. Householder and renter.
C. Colleagues.
29. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Mother and son.
B.Hostess and housekeeper
C.Manager and assistant.
30. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Customer and clerk.
B. Tourist and guide.
C. Passenger and driver.
