必修一 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
I. 阅读单词
1. billion n. 十亿
2. dialect n. 地方话；方言
3. system n. 体系；制度；系统
4. carve vt. & vi. 雕刻
5. gap n. 间隔；开口；差距
6. dynasty n. 王朝；朝代
7. subway n.（underground）地铁
8. apartment n. 公寓套房
9. calligraphy n. 书法；书法艺术
10. affair n. 公共事务；事件；关系
11. semester n. 学期
II. 写作单词
1. attitude n. 态度；看法
2. factor n. 因素；要素
3. character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
4. despite prep. 即使；尽管
5. means n. 方式；方法；途径
6. regard n. 尊重；关注 vt. 把……视为；看待
7. struggle n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
8. vocabulary n. 词汇
9. native adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 n. 本地人
10. classic adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的n. 经典作品；名著
III. 拓展单词
1. refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；叫……求助于→_____________ n. 参考；指称关系
2. base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据→_____________ adj. 以（某事）为基础的；
以……为重要部分（或特征）的→_____________ n. 基础；基准→_____________ adj. 基础的
→_____________ adv. 大体上；从根本上说
3. variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；多样化→_____________ adj. 不同的；各种各样的
→_____________ vt. & vi. 使多样化；变化
4. major n. 主修课程；主修学生 adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 vi. 主修；专门研究→_____________ n.
大部分；大多数→【反】 _____________ adj. 次要的；轻微的；较小的→_____________ n. 少数
（人）；少数民族；少数群体
5. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→_____________ n. 欣赏；感激；感谢
→_____________ adj. 感激的；欣赏的
6. equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→_____________ n. 平等；相等→_____________
adv. 同样地；相等地；公平地
7. description n. 描写（文字）；形容→_____________ vt. 描述；形容；描绘
8. relate vt. 联系；讲述→_____________ adj. 相关的；有联系的→_____________ n. 关系
9. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→_____________ adv. 明确地；具体地；专门地
10. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→_____________ adj. 要求高的
11. symbol n. 符号；象征→_____________ adj. 象征性的；作为象征的→_____________ vt. 是……的
象征
IV. 记重点短语
1. _________________浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
2. relate to____________________
3. point of view____________________
4. __________________________追溯到
5. __________________________注意
6. ___________________指的是；描述；提到；查
阅
7. regard... as... __________________
8. _______________________为……而斗争
9. _______________________以……为基础
10. ______________________最初
11. ______________________在……中发挥作用
12. ______________________在……方面有困难
13. ______________________习惯于（做）某事
14. take on __________________
V. 经典句式
1. 句型公式: it/ there was a time when...
Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided
geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成不同的
形式，因为当时人们在地理上被分隔开，从而产生了许多不同的方言和文字。
2. 句型公式：“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate
in writing. 即使在今天，不管中国人生活在哪里，说何种方言，他们都仍然能用文字交流。
3. 句型公式:be of+抽象名词
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 这一书写系统对团结
中国人民和文化融合具有重要意义。
VI.语篇填空
As is known to all, English is 1. ________ (wide) used in global affairs. No matter what kind of English
people are speaking, native speakers have no trouble understanding the basic words like “gas”, “petrol”,
“subway”, “apartment”, “pants”, 2. ________ small differences in spelling and pronunciation. But students,
3. ________ mother tongue is not English, are struggling with billions of words. On 4. ________ other
hand, from foreigners’ point of view when they refer to learning a language, Chinese 5. ________ (regard)
as a demanding language. Firstly, the major language which is called Putonghua in China is hard enough 6.
________ (learn), let alone varieties of dialects and a large vocabulary. Secondly, Chinese characters are
abstract symbols for them. The writing system, 7. ________ (date) back to the Shang Dynasty when
people carved something with specific 8. ________ (meaning) on bones or shells, is like strange pictures.
However, based on the common 9. ________ (appreciate) of these characters, some classic works are still
read now. Besides, calligraphy is also an art form closely 10. ________ (relate) to Chinese culture. Both
languages are of equal importance. We should learn them well to bridge the gap between cultures.
核心考点 精讲精练
Part 1 重点单词
1. base vt. 以……为根据n. 基底；基地；基础
basis n. 基础；基本原则
basic adj. 基本的；基础的
basically adv. 基本上；总的来说
真题溯源
(2024·北京卷) Based on the information entered by
each student, potential pairs are identified. 根据每个
学生输入的信息，识别潜在的配对。
考点脉络
多维练透
① (外研·X3U4) Self-driving cars can learn to drive
in the same way that we do, and can make
judgements based ________ information.
Only through extensive reading can we accumulate
②
the ________ (base) knowledge of English and
broaden our horizons.
You can try doing sports
③
.
你可以试着定期做运动来保持健康。(建议信)
Just as the saying goes
④
, “One tree doesn’t make a
forest.” . 俗话
说：“独木不成林。”我们的成功是建立在与
他人合作的基础上的。(读后续写·主旨升华)
2. major adj. 主要的；重要的；大的vi. 主修n.
主修课程
majority n. 多数；成年的法定年龄
minor adj. 次要的；轻微的；较小的
minority n. 少数 (人)；少数民族；少数群体
真题溯源
(2023·全国甲卷) Apart from the knowledge and
skills related to my major, I’m really good with
computers. 除了与专业相关的知识和技能外，我还
很擅长使用电脑。
考点脉络
多维练透
① ( 译林·B3U3) No wonder the Internet has now
become the first place that the ________ (major)
of people turn to for information.
Those who have voted for me are
②
________ the
majority, so I am elected as chairman of the
Student Association.
As a graduate
③
, I
feel delighted to apply for the position. 作为一名
主修英语的毕业生，我很高兴申请这个职位。
(申请信)
3. means n. (单复数同形) 方式；方法；途径
mean v. 意思是；打算adj. 吝啬的；小气的
meaning n. 意义；意思
meaningful adj. 有意义的
meaningless adj. 无意义的；不重要的
教材溯源
( 人教·B1U5) Written Chinese has also become an
important means by which China’s present is
connected with its past. 汉字也成为连接中国现在与
过去的一个重要媒介。
考点脉络
多维练透
① (译林·X4U2) When spoken by a stranger, they
can function as a means of ________ (attract) your
attention.
Every possible means
②
________ (use) to prevent
the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
Email
③
is
______
effective
means
of
communication.
④ (2024·全国甲卷·应用文写作) Shared bicycles
have become a popular choice in cities,
of traveling short
distances. 共享自行车已经成为城市的热门选
择，为短距离出行提供了一种环保、经济实惠
的方式。
4. appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；意识到
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
appreciative adj. 欣赏的；感谢的 （〈近〉
grateful, thankful）
真题溯源
(2023·全国甲卷) This place is good for a candlelit
dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who
appreciate fine food. 这个地方很适合享用烛光晚
餐，或与喜欢美食的同事一起开工作会议。
考点脉络
多维练透
① (人教·X2U1) His deep ________ (appreciate) for
art often gave him inspiration in his scientific
research.
He appreciated
②
________ (give) such a hard-earned
chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar
on advanced literature.
I
③’d .
如果你能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。(建议
信)
I
④’m writing
during my stay in London. 我写信表达一下我对
你的感激之情，感谢你在我待在伦敦期间为我
所做的一切。(感谢信)
5. equal v. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的；
平等的n. 同等的人；相等物
equally adv. 同样地；相等地
equality n. 相等；平等
真题溯源
(2022·北京卷) More takeout and more food delivery
equal more waste, especially plastic waste. 更多的
外卖和送餐意味着更多的垃圾，尤其是塑料垃
圾。
考点脉络
多维练透
① (译林·B1U3) I know you value your friendship
and want your friend to value it ________ (equal).
We are committed to improving people
②
’s living
standards and achieving balanced development and
social ________ (equal).
From my point of view
③
, Michael Jordan is________
equal in playing basketball.
Firstly
④
, nobody can
in our school...So I hold the firm belief that I
the job as a volunteer. 首先，我们学校没人在英
语口语方面比得过我……因此，我坚信我能胜
任志愿者的工作。(申请信)
6. demand n. 要求；需求vt. 强烈要求
demanding adj. 苛求的；要求高的；吃力的
真题溯源
(2022·全国乙卷) The friend who is remaining needs
to be sensitive to all the additional time demands
placed on the friend who has moved. 留下来的朋友
需要体谅已搬走的朋友提出的所有额外的时间要
求。
考点脉络
多维练透
① (译林·X3U2) The routine tasks that occupy most
of the day are ________ (demand), but they can
also be extremely rewarding.
I demanded
②
________ (take) a horse ride in the
mountains. My uncle demanded that my father and
I _______ (keep) to the track in case we could get
lost.
More wind power stations will spring up to meet the
③
demand ________ clean energy.
As
④
in our
basketball club, I’m writing to invite you to join it.
由于我们的篮球俱乐部需要新成员，我写信邀
请你加入。(邀请信)
Part 2 短语句式
7. refer to 谈到；提到；参考；查阅；指的是
真题溯源
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) First, a girl I met one day told
me she was training for a “super”, referring to a
52.4-mile double marathon. 首先，有一天我遇到的
一个女孩告诉我，她正在为一场“超级马拉松”
训练，指的是52.4 英里的双程马拉松。
考点脉络
多维练透
① (译林·X4U2) In response, the receiver sends an
encoded message back, which is referred to
________ feedback.
My demand is that the information
②
________ (refer)
to in my report be emailed to Mr Brown without
delay.
③ (2023·新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·应用文写作)
, my suggestion is
to group students based on their language abilities.
关于有效的英语口语练习，我的建议是根据学
生的语言能力进行分组。
8. date back to 追溯到；始于；起源于
教材溯源
(外研·B2U4) Dating back to the 18th century,
Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
京剧的起源可追溯到18 世纪，距今已有两百多年
历史。
考点脉络
多维练透
You should constantly update your information so
①
that all information is up ________ date.
The engaged couple has finally set the date
②
________ their wedding—it will be on June 12th
of next year, in a beautiful garden venue.
③中国的饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到一千多
年前。
→ Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history
_______________________more than 1,000 years
ago. (定语从句)
→ Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history
___________________more than 1,000 years ago.
(动词-ing 形式)
9. be+ of+抽象名词
教材溯源
( 人教·B1U5) That writing system was of great
importance in uniting the Chinese people and
culture. 这个书写体系对中国人民与中国文化的统
一具有非凡的意义。
考点脉络
多维练透
① (译林·B3U4) The first way in which science is
________ value is familiar to everyone: scientific
knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of
things.
It is common for teenagers
②
________ your age to
come across similar challengers.
③ (2022·全国乙卷·应用文写作) Based on the above
chart,12% of the students suppose that visiting
English learning websites is ________ to their
English studies. 根据上面的图表，12%的学生认
为浏览英语学习网站对他们的英语学习非常有
益。
梯级训练 循序渐进
Part 1 基础达标练
维度一 语境辨义练
Ⅰ. 熟词生义
1. (2022·全国乙卷) They simply insist on mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
________
2. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned.
________
3. (牛津词典) People should pay according to their means.
________
4. (牛津词典) We’re going to base ourselves in Tokyo and make trips from there.
________
Ⅱ. 一词多义
1. relate to
A. 与……相关 B. 谈到；涉及 C. 理解
① (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we
can all relate to.
________
② (2023·浙江1 月卷) Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide
use.
________
The writer
③
related to his childhood in the first two chapters.
________
2. character
A. n. 性格 B. n. 特色；特征 C. n. 人物；角色 D. n. 符号；文字E. n. 勇气；毅
力
① (2023·全国乙卷) Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,
sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.
________
② (2023·浙江1 月卷) Yes, the employees dressed up as movie characters, and every customer received a
discount card.
________
The book gives a fascinating insight into Mrs Blair
③
’s character.
________
As we all know
④
, Chinese characters are quite difficult to memorize for foreigners.
________
Adventure camps can not only get us close to nature but also build up our
⑤
character.
________
维度二 考点强化练
1. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to
better ________ (globe) coverage.
2. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The reasons relate ________ a (various) of ________ (factor), including reduced
concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
3. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) During my first visit to Italy, I struggled ________ (ask) for directions or order in a
restaurant.
4. (2023·浙江1 月卷) But no matter ________ you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90
days in advance.
5. It is admitted that nowadays people’s attitude ________ the disabled has changed a lot.
6. She was good at physics ________ the fact that she found it a little boring.
Part 2 写作衔接练
写作一 应用文增分练 (演讲稿·如何提高英语听说能力)
假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为“如何提高英语听说能力”的演讲比赛，请你写一篇英文演讲稿
参赛。
When it comes to improving English listening and speaking skills, most of the students feel it difficult to
understand English and communicate with others in English. Here is my advice for improving English listening
and speaking abilities.
Firstly, we can improve English listening and speaking abilities by means of joining a variety of clubs, such
as oral English club and drama club. Secondly, speaking more English both in and out of class and
communicating with classmates in English as much as possible are of great benefit to us. In addition, when you
watch TV at home, pay more attention to and imitate the English TV host to improve your skills.Only by doing
these can you make great progress.
写作二 读后续写主题练 (心理描写·惊讶&震惊)
Ⅰ. 素材积累
单
词
astonish→astonishing→astonishment;
shock→shocked→shocking;
surprise→surprised
→
surprising→surprisingly;
amaze→amazing→amazingly→amazement;
stun→stunned;
unbelievable/incredible; disbelief; unexpected; jaw-dropping (令人震惊的); open- mouthed (瞠目
结舌的)
短
语
in astonishment/surprise/shock 惊讶地
to one’s shock/surprise/amazement 令人惊讶的是
wear a look of surprise on one’s face 面带惊讶的表情
a look of surprise spread over one’s face 脸上闪过惊讶的表情
too surprised to utter a word 惊讶得说不出话
eyes widen in surprise/astonishment 惊讶地瞪大眼睛
stare at sb with wide eyes 目瞪口呆地看着某人
one’s mouth drop/hang open in surprise 惊讶地张大嘴巴
(shake one’s head) in disbelief 难以置信地 (摇头)
beyond one’s expectation 出乎意料
freeze/stand still/be numb with shock 惊呆了
give sb a shock/come as a shock to sb 使某人震惊
句
子
① (人教·B3U1) However, I was surprised to see that the riders were boys and girls! 然而，看
到赛马选手们都是男孩和女孩，我十分惊讶！
② (人教·X4U1) I was stunned for a moment, and then heard the sound of thunder. 我一时惊呆
了，然后听到雷声。
③ (北师大·X2U4) When he looks at the menu, an astonished look quickly appears on his face.
看到菜单时，他的脸上立刻露出震惊的表情。
She stared at me when I described my adventurous travelling experience
④
, her eyes widening in
astonishment. 当我描述我的冒险旅行经历时，她震惊地瞪大了眼睛。
Ⅱ. 对点场景练
人与自然 (外研·B1U5 改编) Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path that took me through a dark
forest. When I finally stepped out of the trees, ①the
view
was
breathtaking
. An eagle flew over the snow-
capped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. While I was concentrating on photographing this
amazing scene, the sudden feeling that I was being watched ②gave me a shock. Slowly, and with the
camera still held to my eye, I turned...and ③my eyes widened in astonishment. Only metres away from me
was a bear. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear also stared back at me with wide eyes. Time
stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow, I
forced my finger to press the button. ④Beyond my expectation, a second later, the bear turned and ran back
into the forest. When I ⑤recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. ⑥My most frightening but
magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.
去年春天，我沿着黄石公园的一条小径穿过一片昏暗的森林。当我终于走出森林，眼前的景象令人
叹为观止。白雪皑皑的山峰倒映在山脚下平静的湖面上，一只鹰掠过山顶。我正聚精会神地拍摄这惊人
的景观，突然有什么在盯着我的感觉吓了我一跳。我慢慢地转身，相机还端在眼前……然后我惊讶地瞪
大眼睛。那是一头熊，就在几米开外。它也瞪大眼睛盯着我，厚厚的棕色皮毛滴着水珠。时间凝固了，
我和熊都等着看谁会先动。我的双腿开始颤抖。不知怎么地，我强迫自己按下了快门。出乎我意料的
是，一秒过后，那头熊转身跑回了森林。等我从震惊中缓过神来，我查看了相机。这个可怕至极却又如
此神奇的经历现在已经被永远定格在一张照片中。
UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
III. 拓展单词
1. refer vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt. 查询；叫……求助于→reference n. 参考；指称关系
2. base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据→based adj. 以（某事）为基础的；以……为重
要部分（或特征）的→basis n. 基础；基准→basic adj. 基础的→basically adv. 大体上；从根本上说
3. variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；多样化→various/varied adj. 不同的；各种各样的→vary vt. & vi.
使多样化；变化
4. major n. 主修课程；主修学生 adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 vi. 主修；专门研究→majority n. 大部分；
大多数→【反】 minor adj. 次要的；轻微的；较小的→minority n. 少数（人）；少数民族；少数群体
5. appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi. 增值→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；感谢→appreciative adj.
感激的；欣赏的
6. equal n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的→equality n. 平等；相等→equally adv. 同样地；相
等地；公平地
7. description n. 描写（文字）；形容→describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘
8. relate vt. 联系；讲述→related adj. 相关的；有联系的→relation n. 关系
9. specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv. 明确地；具体地；专门地
10. demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi. 查问→demanding adj. 要求高的
11. symbol n. 符号；象征→symbolic adj. 象征性的；作为象征的→symbolise vt. 是……的象征
IV. 重点短语
1. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
2. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到
3. point of view 观点；看法
4. date back（to...）追溯到
5. pay attention to 注意
6. refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
7. regard... as... 把……看作……
8. struggle for 为……而斗争
9. be based on 以……为基础
10. at the beginning 最初
11. play a role in 在……中发挥作用
12. have trouble/ difficulty with 在……方面有困难
13. get used to（doing）sth 习惯于（做）某事
14. take on 承担；呈现；雇用；装载
VI.语篇填空
1.widely 2.despite 3.whose 4.the 5.is regarded 6.to learn 7.dating 8.meanings 9.appreciation
10.related
OPart 1 重点单词
1.
on/upon
①
②basic ③on a regular basis to keep healthy
Our success is based on cooperating with others
④
2.
majority
①
②in ③majoring in English
3.
attracting
①
②has been used ③an ④providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective means
4.
appreciation
①
②being given ③appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration
to express/convey/show/extend my appreciation/gratitude/thanks to you for what you did for me
④
5.
equally
①
②equality ③without ④equal me in oral English;am equal to
6.
demanding
①
②to take;(should) keep ③for ④new members are in demand
OPart 2 短语句式
7.
as
①
②referred ③In/With reference to effective oral English practice
8.
to
① ②for ③which/that can date back to/date from;dating back to/dating from
9.
of
①
②of ③of great benefit/very beneficial
OPart 1 基础达标练
一、Ⅰ.1.n.尊重 2.v.重视;珍惜 3.n.财富;钱财 4.v.以……为据点(或总部等)
Ⅱ.1.
C
① ②A ③B 2.
B
① ②C ③A ④D ⑤E
二、1.global 2.to; variety; factors 3.to ask 4.when/where 5.towards/to 6.despite
