文档文本内容
话题 15 社会交往和不同民族文化习俗与传统节日
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·华中师范大学第一附属中学适应性考试)
Filming Locations You Can Actually Visit
Mars (The Martian)
When you search for a location to stand in for the surface of another world，The
Wadi Rum Protected Area in far southern Jordan is a good place to start.With the
impressive “vast and echoing and God－like” landscape，it served as the background
of Matt Damon’s 18－month stay on the red planet in The Martian.
Jurassic Park
The Hawaiian islands were the locations for some of Jurassic Park’s most
memorable scenes.Kauai provides the rough coastline and some of the most
breathtaking features of the fictional Isla Nublar，while the rolling hills of Oahu’s
Kualoa Ranch function as the background of the Gallimimus stampede (逃亡).
Hobbiton
Unlike the other locations in this list，the Shire is a wholly artificial set，built on
a sheep farm on New Zealand’s North Island.Created for Peter Jackson’s big－screen
adaptation of J.R.R.Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy，Hobbiton began to
draw curious fans shortly after the release of the first film in the series.In time，what
began as a temporary location designed to host a three－month movie shoot has
evolved into a Tolkienesque theme park with over 350，000 visitors annually.
King’s Landing
The HBO series Game of Thrones brings to life the many locations of George
R.R.Martin’s fantasy world，but the conflict of sex，swords，and trickery reaches
its peak in the capital of King’s Landing.The “real” capital of Westeros can be found
in Dubrovnik，Croatia.The city’s 16th－century fortress walls overlook Blackwater
Bay，while the parks，avenues，and alleys of the old city have witnessed thetriumphs and tragedies of House Lannister.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍的是可以参观的电影拍摄地点的
相关信息。
1.Which of the four locations should you visit if you are a big fan of J.R.R.Tolkien?
A.Mars (The Martian). B.Jurassic Park.
C.Hobbiton. D.King’s Landing.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据Hobbiton部分的“Created for Peter Jackson’s big－
screen adaptation of J.R.R.Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy，Hobbiton
began to draw curious fans...”可知，如果你是J.R.R.Tolkien的忠实粉丝，你应该
去Hobbiton。]
2.What do the movie locations Mars and Jurassic Park have in common?
A.They are both on the coast.
B.They demonstrate magnificent views.
C.They can represent another world.
D.They are set for only one film.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据 Mars (The Martian)部分的“With the impressive
‘vast and echoing and God－like’ landscape，it served as the background...”和
Jurassic Park 部分的“Kauai provides the rough coastline and some of the most
breathtaking features of the fictional Isla Nublar，while the rolling hills of Oahu’s
Kualoa Ranch...”可知，Mars和Jurassic Park的拍摄地的共同之处是它们展示了
壮丽的景色。]
3.What can visitors do in King’s Landing?
A.See ancient fortress walls.
B.Play roles in Game of Thrones.
C.Visit George R.R.Martin.
D.Experience the triumphs and tragedies.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据King’s Landing部分的“The city’s 16th－century
fortress walls overlook Blackwater Bay...”可知，游客在King’s Landing可以看看古
老的堡垒城墙。]
B(2024·江苏南京市第一中学校考模拟预测)
We were standing at the top of a church tower.I saw twisting streets leading to the
square.“See，my dear，” Father said gently.“There is more than one way to the
square.”
Father’s words always guided me.Dreaming of becoming a fashion designer，I
came to Paris，but without luck.Then one day I met a friend wearing a beautiful
sweater.“What an interesting stitch！” I cried.“It was done by Mrs.Vidian，” my
friend explained.“She learned the stitch in Armenia，her native country.” Suddenly I
had a daring idea.Why not design，make and sell my own clothes?
I drew a butterfly pattern and asked Mrs.Vidian to knit it into a sweater.It proved
a success.A New York store wanted 40 sweaters to be ready in two weeks.I accepted
the order.My happiness disappeared，however，when Mrs.Vidian told me it took her
almost a week to knit one sweater.
I was crushed.Then I remembered Father’s words.There must be other Armenian
women in Paris who mastered the special stitch.Then I searched for any Armenians
living in Paris.At last I tracked down several.Two weeks later，the first shipment
was on its way to the United States!
From that day on orders poured in.Then came another test.As I was busy getting
ready to show my winter fashions，the sewing girls were called out on strike.Where
was the way out this time? I wondered and worried.Then it dawned on me.
I worked hurriedly.And right on time，my show took place.Some coats had no
sleeves；some were only patterns made of heavy cotton cloth ，but on these I
attached material to show what colors and textures the clothes would have when they
were finished.What a show! Once again Father’s words helped me.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了父亲说过的“通往广场的路不
止一条”的话一直在指引着作者，帮助作者渡过一次次难关。
4.What problem did the writer face after accepting the order?
A.It was impossible for Vidian to meet the deadline.
B.The sewing girls were called out on strike.
C.She found it hard to track Armenians living in Paris.D.There was a shortage of suitable cloth.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段的“My happiness disappeared...to knit one
sweater.”可知，作者在接受订单后，Vidian告诉作者织一件毛衣几乎要花一周时
间，所以Vidian不可能在最后期限前完成任务。]
5.What do the underlined words “the first shipment” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A.Raw materials. B.More orders.
C.The forty sweaters. D.The special stitch.
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据第三段的“A New York store wanted 40 sweaters to
be ready in two weeks.I accepted the order.”以及画线词上文“Then I searched for
any Armenians living in Paris.At last I tracked down several.”可知，作者找了几个
住在巴黎的亚美尼亚人来完成这四十件毛衣。故画线词指的是“四十件毛
衣”。]
6.How did the writer deal with the show problem?
A.She put off the show.
B.She showed the clothes unfinished.
C.She employed more sewing girls.
D.She completed the clothes in a hurry.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Some coats had no sleeves...when they
were finished.”可知，作者通过展示了未完成的衣服处理展览问题。]
7.Which of the following might the writer agree with?
A.Practice makes perfect. B.Like father，like son.
C.Easier said than done. D.All roads lead to Rome.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第一段的“‘See，my dear，’ Father said
gently.‘There is more than one way to the square.’”并结合文章主要讲述了父亲说过
的“通往广场的路不止一条”的话一直在指引着作者，帮助作者渡过一次次难
关，可推知，作者认同“条条大路通罗马”。]
C
If you want to succeed in life，you need to express the proper body language，
with or without having to say anything else.You will certainly notice a whole new
reaction from people if you use the power of body language.Relax your shoulders，keep your hands at your sides(never inside your pockets)
and breathe slowly.Have a warm ， welcoming facial expression as if you look
forward to communicating.Depending on the situation ， you may smile when
appropriate.
Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible
throughout the talk.Nodding and tilting(倾斜) your head closer can show that you are
listening.
Do not fold your arms，look down at the floor or put your hands in your
pockets.These can show that you are uninterested.If you have any comments，you
can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows.
A lot of your body language can show how confident，interested，bored，angry
or nervous you are.Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show
that you are very much into the conversation at hand.
You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize(强调) a point.If
you’re enumerating things，it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention
each item to help your audience keep track.
Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to
communicate with.It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more
things to say.
Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the
boundaries of body language through actual contact.Remember that in body
language，it is your body that does the talking for you.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些身体语言表示的意思，并提醒
我们利用好身体语言。
8.According to the text，if you find a listener raising his eyebrows，he may
.
A.try to show his anger
B.want to give his own opinion
C.not understand what you say
D.want to prove his confidence答案 B [细节理解题。由第四段最后一句可知B项正确。]
9.The underlined word “enumerating” in paragraph 6 may mean “ ”.
A.considering B.judging
C.numbering D.discussing
答案 C [词义猜测题。由第六段首句以及画线词后面的“...it’s better to use
each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track”可知
C项正确。]
10.What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with?
A.To walk at a slow pace.
B.To shake hands with every person.
C.To look down at the floor.
D.To fold your arms.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果与你交流的人比较
多，建议你慢慢移动步伐去跟不同的人交流。]
11.What is the most suitable title for the text?
A.The Power of Body Language
B.The Attraction of Body Language
C.The Origin of Body Language
D.The Understanding of Body Language
答案 A [标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句可知，A项正确。]
D
A simple gesture can be formed into a child’s memory so quickly that it will
cause the child to give a false answer to a question accompanied by that gesture.A
new finding suggests that parents，social workers，psychologists and lawyers should
be careful with their hands as well as their words.
Gestures can be as informative as speech，but hand gestures are so common that
we rarely notice we’re using them.
While the recall of both adults and children are easy to react to suggestion，the
memories of children are known to be particularly influenced，said lead researcher
Sara Broaders of Northwestern University.Kids are used to looking to adults to tellevents for them and can be misled even if not intentionally(故意地).
Previous research，for example，has shown that detail－loaded questions often
cause false answers; when asked，say “Did you drink juice at the picnic？”， the
child is likely to say “yes” even if no juice had been available.It is not that the child is
consciously lying，but rather the detail is quickly formed into his or her memory.
To avoid this problem，social workers have long been advised to ask children
only open－ended questions，such as“What did you have at the picnic？” But an
open－ended question paired with a gesture，briefly meaning a juice box，is treated
like a detailed question.That is，children become likely to answer falsely.
And it isn’t just a few kids: 77% of children gave at least one piece of false
information when a detail was suggested by an ordinary gesture.Gestures may also
become more popular when talking with non－fluent language users，such as little
kids，Broaders said as hand movements can impart meaning of unfamiliar words and
phrases.“It certainly seems reasonable that adults would gesture more with children.”
In general，Broaders advises parents and other adults to“Try to be aware of your
hands when questioning a child about an event.Otherwise，you might be getting
answers that don’t reflect what actually happened.”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了成年人的手势对孩子的影响。
12.What do we know about gestures according to the text?
A.They have a certain effect on children.
B.They are rarely used by people.
C.They have no function at all.
D.They are often used by social workers.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，手势对孩子有特定的影响。]
13.Why are kids easy to be misled by gestures according to Sara Broaders?
A.These gestures are very attractive.
B.Their memories are affected easily.
C.Children are easy to tell lies.
D.These gestures are used frequently.
答案 B [细节理解题。通读全文，并结合第三段第一句可知，孩子容易受手势影响的原因是孩子的记忆容易被影响。]
14.What does the underlined word “impart” in paragraph 6 mean?
A.Separate. B.Tell apart.
C.Confuse. D.Pass on.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据第六段画线词所在句的前半句“Gestures may also
become more popular when talking with non－fluent language users，such as little
kids...”可知，手势在语言沟通不顺畅时可以起到帮助作用；由后文可知，这也
是成年人在和孩子沟通时更喜欢用手势的原因。由此可推断，手势可以传递信
息。故画线词“impart”与“pass on”同义，表示“传递”。]
15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Gestures—A Useful Way of Education
B.Gestures Can Mislead Children
C.Gestures Mean Adult’s Directions
D.Gestures Affect Children Little
答案 B [标题归纳题。本文主要讲述的是手势对孩子的影响，结合第一段最
后一句及第三段最后一句可知，B项(手势会误导孩子)适合作为本文标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
Many Western cultures measure their days with the solar calendar.Therefore，
they 1 the coming of the New Year on 1 January.Cultures in Asia use other
calendars and celebrate the New Year at other times.Events and rituals 2 from
country to country.But in each place，New Year celebrations are a big 3 .
Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries.The
earliest New Year celebrations took place during spring or 4 time.With 5
weather ahead，or plenty of food to eat，people 6 felt like having a party！As
the days became longer and as nature renewed itself，people also felt like they could
have a new start.The New Year could bring better fortune，more opportunities and
new challenges.Such 7 ideas remain the same today.
Some cultures have 8 New Year traditions.Italians throw old things out of
their windows at midnight ，symbolizing the 9 of the old.People of the
Philippines fire guns into the air to ward off 10 .Danes jump off chairs exactly asthe clock 11 midnight，so they can“jump”into the New Year.Greek children
leave their shoes by the fireplace on New Year’s Day.They hope someone will come
and fill the shoes with 12 .In Vancouver，Canada，some people celebrate the
New Year by jumping into the ocean.The weather is freezing cold！As you might
expect，most people come to watch the swimmers 13 swim themselves.
London hosts an annual New Year’s Day parade that 14 nearly a million
spectators.It features bands，floats and enormous balloons.These balloons are so
huge that they 15 over nearby buildings!
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了多个国家庆祝新年的时间、由
来及一些文化中特别的庆祝传统。
1.A.observe B.notice
C.expect D.decide
答案 A [根据下文中的 celebrate 可知，此处意为“他们在 1 月 1 日庆祝
(observe)新年的到来”。]
2.A.happen B.develop
C.vary D.hold
答案 C [根据常识和第三段介绍的多个国家不同的庆祝新年的传统可知，此
处应为国家与国家之间的活动与习惯不同。]
3.A.burden B.reunion
C.deal D.success
答案 C [根据常识可知，在每个地方，庆祝新年都是一件重要的事情(deal)。
burden负担；reunion团聚，重逢；deal大量，交易；success成功。]
4.A.summer B.harvest
C.labor D.leisure
答案 B [根据下句中的“or plenty of food to eat”可知，此处表示最早的新年
庆祝活动是在春天或是收获(harvest)的时期举行。]
5.A.colder B.changeable
C.extreme D.better
答案 D [根据上句中的 during spring 可知，此处应为由于接下来天气转好
(better)。]6.A.eventually B.naturally
C.occasionally D.exactly
答案 B [此处表示由于接下来天气转好或有大量的食物吃，人们自然
(naturally)会想要有一个聚会。]
7.A.unique B.challenging
C.interesting D.universal
答案 D [根据上句并联系常识可知，此处表示这样共同的(universal)想法(新
年能带来更好的运气、更多的机会和新挑战)到如今仍然是一样的。unique独特
的；challenging有挑战性的；interesting有趣的；universal共同的。]
8.A.unusual B.shocking
C.silly D.typical
答案 A [根据下文对意大利人、菲律宾人、丹麦人、希腊人以及加拿大人的
特殊的新年庆祝活动的描述可知，此处表示一些国家的文化有自己特别的
(unusual)新年庆祝传统。unusual 特别的，不寻常的；shocking 令人吃惊的；
silly愚蠢的；typical典型的。]
9.A.coming B.departure
C.failure D.developing
答案 B [根据语境并结合常识可知，此处表示意大利人在半夜把旧东西扔到
窗外，象征着旧东西的离去(departure)。coming来临；departure分离，分开；
failure失败；developing发展中的。]
10.A.animals B.misfortune
C.enemies D.poverty
答案 B [根据上文中的“bring better fortune”并联系常识可知，菲律宾人朝天
鸣枪是为了避免厄运(misfortune)。]
11.A.reaches B.rings
C.strikes D.shows
答案 C [根据本句中的clock和midnight并结合常识可知，此处表示当时钟敲
响午夜十二点的时候。strike“钟敲几点”是固定搭配。]
12.A.kisses B.love
C.fortune D.gifts答案 D [根据常识并结合选项可知，此处表示用礼物塞满鞋子。]
13.A.as well as B.so as to
C.other than D.rather than
答案 D [天气极为寒冷，所以正如你可能预料的那样，大多数人来观看这些
游泳者游泳，而不是自己游泳。as well as也，和；so as to为了；other than除
了……之外；rather than而不是。]
14.A.draws B.requires
C.amuses D.provides
答案 A [根据语境可知，伦敦主办一年一度的新年游行，吸引近一百万观
众。draw吸引；require要求；amuse逗乐；逗笑；provide提供。]
15.A.watch B.go
C.tower D.take
答案 C [此处应为这些气球是如此之大，以至于它们超过了附近的建筑物。
watch over监视；照看；go over复习；检查；tower over高出；take over接管。]
Ⅲ.语法填空（1）
(2024·江苏省苏北七市高三二模)
Jingxi Taiping Drum is a traditional form of dancing.With its display of profound
cultural elements，it 1. (include) in the first batch (批次) of China’s
national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) items in 2006.
The 2. (early) historical references of this art date back to the
Spring and Autumn Period.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty，it started to gain 3.
(popular) in and around the capital，and then it was introduced to Mentougou District
of Beijing.
In ancient times，the drums were played 4. New Year’s Eve at the
imperial palace to bring peace.As a result，the performance also became known as
the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.This type of drum dance is commonly seen 5.
(perform) during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive
activities，thus expressing 6. (people) hope of a peaceful and
prosperous year to come.
During a given performance，drummers perform various dance moves while 7.(hold) the drum in their left hands and a mallet in their right hands.Traditional
Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing，all of 8.
represent distinctive local features.
In the past decades，efforts 9. (make) by Mentougou District to
preserve this signature folk dance culture.Today，the time－honored folk art of the
Jingxi Taiping Drum is being taken up by the young people 10. is
presenting its lively artistic charm (魅力) on a global stage.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了非物质文化遗产京西太平鼓这项民
间艺术。
1.was included [考查时态语态和主谓一致。include(把……列为一部分)是句中
谓语动词，与主语it之间是被动关系，结合时间状语in 2006可知，讲述过去的
事情，应使用一般过去时，又因主语是it，所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。故
填was included。]
2.earliest [考查比较等级。句中表示“最早的历史记载”，结合空格前定冠词
The 可知，应用形容词最高级形式 earliest 作定语，修饰名词 historical
references。故填earliest。]
3.popularity [考查词性转换。提示词作宾语，应用名词形式 popularity，意为
“流行，普及”，抽象名词不可数。故填popularity。]
4.on [考查介词。New Year’s Eve是“除夕”，是节日前用介词on。故填on。]
5.performed [考查非谓语动词。“(perform) during the last and first month of the
lunar year in many local festive activities”作主语补足语，perform是非谓语动词，
与其逻辑主语This type of drum dance之间是动宾关系，用过去分词表被动。故
填performed。]
6.people’s [考查名词的格。提示词与名词hope之间是所属关系，表示“人们
的期盼”，应用名词所有格people’s作定语。故填people’s。]
7.holding [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词perform，
此处应用非谓语动词。主语 drummers与动词hold之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，
应用现在分词holding。故填holding。]
8.which [考查定语从句。空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the drum
playing，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词 of的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。]
9.have been made [考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，make是句中谓
语动词，与主语 efforts 之间是被动关系，结合时间状语 In the past decades 可
知，应使用现在完成时，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形
式。故填have been made。]
10.and [考查并列连词。“is being taken up...”和“is presenting...”是并列谓语动
词，用并列连词and连接。故填and。]
语法填空（2）
(2024·辽宁省教研联盟高三一模)
Elderly people like to use technology to entertain themselves and keep in touch
with friends.They don’t want to rely on anyone.Instead，they just hope to remain 1.
(dependent).Plenty of time 2. (spend) in finding out new things or
writing down their experiences every day.Many social media sites 3.
(develop) for the younger generation are now being enjoyed by the elderly，too.“Our
granddaughter helped me set up 4. social media profile，” one
explained.“I soon found lots of people to chat 5. and some invited me
to join their online puzzle groups.6. keeps my brain active to
communicate with people online.” And for elderly people who may be unable to leave
their homes without 7. (assist)，communication with the outside
world is essential，to prevent loneliness and to allow them to call for help in many 8.
(emergency).In Singapore，the elderly are even turning to robots to keep them in
shape 9. (physical).These robots not only lead daily workouts，10.
can provide senior citizens with feedback on their performance，as well as sending
photos via social media.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了老年人喜欢用科技来娱乐自
己，与朋友保持联系。
1.independent [考查词形转换。空处应填形容词作表语，结合上一句“They
don’t want to rely on anyone.”可知，此处指他们想保持独立，应用 dependent的
否定形式，independent “独立的”。故填independent。]
2.is spent [考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据 every day可知，句子用一般现在时，主语time和动词spend之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主
语是不可数名词，be动词用is，故填is spent。]
3.developed [考查非谓语动词。动词develop和social media sites之间是逻辑上
的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填developed。]
4.a [考查冠词。profile是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且 social
的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]
5.with [考查介词。chat with sb “和某人聊天”为固定搭配，此处是动词短语的
不定式结构作后置定语，故填with。]
6.It [考查代词。分析句子可知，空处是形式主语，应用 it，动词不定式 to
communicate with people online是真正的主语，句子的首字母应大写。故填It。]
7.assistance [考查词性转换。此处应填名词作介词 without的宾语，assistance
帮助，不可数名词。故填assistance。]
8.emergencies [考查名词的数。emergency“紧急情况”，为可数名词，由many
可知，应用复数形式。故填emergencies。]
9.physically [考查词性转换。空处修饰动词短语 keep them in shape，应用副词
形式。故填physically。]
10.but [考查并列连词。句意：这些机器人不仅可以引导老年人进行日常锻
炼，还可以为他们的表现提供反馈，并通过社交媒体发送照片。not only...but
(also)...“不但……而且……”，是固定短语。故填but。]
