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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
考点分类练(八) 词句猜测题(2)
Passage 1 (2024 江苏南京、盐城二模)
主题:个人故事 词数:316 难度:★★★☆☆
Emest Owusu was 13 in 1980 when he was given the opportunity to appear in the
audience of a BBC show,and ask Thatcher how she felt about being called the Iron Lady.This
encounter re-emerged in a BBC’s programme recently.
At the time of their meeting,Owusu was on free school meals,living on a public estate in
Brixton,south London,where he and his sister were being raised by their mother Rose,a
struggling hairdresser.
Now 57,Owusu looks remarkably similar even with a greying beard.But his life has been
transformed.The father of three is a human resources director,and the first black captain of
the Addington golf club in its 110-year history.As a black guy,it is about breaking the glass
ceiling.Speaking in its clubhouse,Owusu describes his rise in social status (地位) as a
“Thatcherite Journey”.And he says it began by asking the woman herself.“To this day it still
has an impact.My confidence changed from that sliding-door moment.Something about her
connected with me.”
Thatcher told Owusu she enjoyed being called the Iron Lady.“I think it’s rather a
praise,don’t you?” she said,“because so often people have said to me,‘if you’re in your job
you’ve got to be soft and warm and human,but you’ve got to have a touch of steel.’” Owusu
recalls the moment,“I just remember her eye contact.She was answering me,not the
camera.She welcomed the question saying ‘you’ve got to be firm in this world’.And that
stuck with me.”
After the show was broadcast,Owusu said he became “a little hero in Brixton for a good
three months”.Owusu added,“It all gave me extra confidence.Doors might not have opened
so quickly.It was one of those key moments to make you do things maybe you wouldn’t
otherwise have done.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是Emest Owusu 受到Thatcher 夫人的
影响,从而改变了自己的人生。
1.What do we know about Owusu when he was 13?
A.He met with Thatcher twice.
B.He joined a famous golf club.
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
C.He hosted a BBC’s programme.
D.He lived at the bottom of society.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Owusu 13 岁时生活在社会的底层。
2.What do the underlined words “sliding-door moment” in paragraph 3 probably
mean?
A.Turning point.
B.Important decision.
C.Social status.
D.Remarkable achievement.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“To this day it still has an impact.My confidence
changed”可知,从那一刻Owusu 的信心改变了,说明那是一个转折点,sliding-door moment
的意思是“转折点”,和turning point 意思相近。
3.Based on the text,what made a big difference to Owusu?
A.Others’ treating him equally at work.
B.Others’ voting him a hero in Brixton.
C.Thatcher’s efforts to preserve his dignity.
D.Thatcher’s faith in the necessity of toughness.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Because so often people have said to me ‘if you’re
in your job you’ve got to be soft and warm and human,but you’ve got to have a touch of
steel.’”和“She welcomed the question saying ‘you’ve got to be firm in this world’.And that
stuck with me.”可知,Thatcher 夫人坚信强硬的必要性使Owusu 发生了巨大的变化。
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.The Art of Dialogue
B.The Power of Confidence
C.A Life-Changing Meeting
D.A Status-Improving Tale
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第三段中的“Speaking in its clubhouse,Owusu
describes his rise in social status as a ‘Thatcherite Journey’.And he says it began by asking
the woman herself.‘To this day it still has an impact.My confidence changed from that
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
sliding-door moment.Something about her connected with me.’”可知,本文主要讲的是
Emest Owusu 受到Thatcher 夫人的影响,从而改变了自己的人生,因此最恰当的标题是C
选项“A Life-changing Meeting”。
Passage 2 (2024 广东广州一模)
主题:研究发现 词数:307 难度:★★★☆☆
When adult humans meet a baby,many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched (更高音
的),sing-songy voice.This shift,known as parentese,is not unique to humans—it has also been
observed in animals like monkeys and gorillas.Now,scientists are adding one more species to
that list:bottlenose dolphins.
Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups.They communicate in a
unique way:every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID
card,usually by its first birthday.But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle? For
babies,it might have something to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery,researchers
examined the sounds mother dolphins make.
Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose
dolphins.When the mother dolphins were near their young,they continued to make their
signature sound,but at a higher frequency.They also used a wider range of frequencies than
they did when their babies were not nearby.
This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their
young in learning how to produce these calls themselves.Since dolphin babies often spend
some years with their mothers before living on their own,it makes sense that this adaptation
would help them learn to communicate.At the very least,the higher-pitched whistle likely gets
the babies’ attention.“It’s important for a baby to know,‘Oh,Mum’s talking to me now,’” says
marine biologist June Mann.
This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans.“It is
absolutely essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how they
communicate,” says Mann.“I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change
their sounds when interacting with babies of others,which is what happens in humans.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的
声音来教会幼崽说话。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。
5.What do the underlined words “this mystery” refer to in paragraph 2?
A.Why dolphins live and play in groups.
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B.How dolphins develop their unique sounds.
C.What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess.
D.Whether dolphins can use parentese like humans.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“But how does each come up with its distinctive
whistle? For babies,it might have something to do with listening to Mum.”以及下文
“researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make”可知,海豚发出独特的声音与听
到海豚妈妈的声音有关,所以为了解开“海豚如何发出独特的声音”这个谜团,研究人员
检查了海豚妈妈发出的声音。故画线词指的是“海豚如何发出独特的声音”。
6.How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins?
A.By analyzing mother dolphins’ sound features.
B.By recording parent-child interaction frequency.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D.By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of
sounds made by 19 female bottlenose dolphins.”可知,研究人员通过分析雌性海豚的声音
特征对海豚进行研究。
7.What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young?
A.To help them learn to talk.
B.To teach them hunting skills.
C.To express worry and care.
D.To distract their attention.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This discovery suggests that using these
modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls
themselves.”可知,海豚妈妈对幼崽使用父母语的原因是帮助它们学会说话。
8.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To compare the parentese of humans and dolphins.
B.To illustrate the development of dolphin intelligence.
C.To share new findings about dolphin communication.
D.To highlight the value of studying dolphins’ language.
答案 C
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
解析 推理判断题。文章主要说明了海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽
说话并解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义,由此可知,文章的目的是分享有关海豚交
流的新发现。
Passage 3 (2024 江西鹰潭一模)
主题:黄河数字孪生体 词数:386 难度:★★★☆☆
The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization.And flood control and
prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along
it.Now,scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin.
The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies,including big
data,artificial intelligence,and the internet of things.Devices set up along the river collect and
transmit information to the command center.Based on the information,a 3D model of the
river is presented on the computer screen.It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its
real conditions.
One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart
stones”.According to Wang Qin,a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River
Henan Bureau,a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips,a battery,and a
signal transmitter.They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the
movement of dike stones.“Upon feeling movement of the dike stones,the smart stone sends
an alarm to the command center for quick response,” Wang said.“In the past,researchers had
to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves,putting their lives at risk,” said
Zhao Xiaoxiong from the bureau.“Now the smart stones can do this for us,more
safely,quickly,and accurately.”
And in the sky,drones (无人机) are flying.On the routes designed by engineers,the
drones become expert patrollers of the river,looking at its dikes and flood prevention
projects.According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission,thanks to
the drones,researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and
information.“Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones
reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever
need to batten down the hatches,” said Shen.
Under the water and up in the sky,intelligent systems are helping to protect the Yellow
River Basin on all fronts.According to the Ministry of Water Resources,in the future,we can
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this
important river.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行
方式和发展。
9.What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River?
A.To conduct historical research.
B.To raise public awareness of river protection.
C.To improve flood control and prevention efforts.
D.To create a virtual tourist attraction.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And flood control and prevention have always been
key to the well-being of the people living along it.Now,scientists can better work on these
issues by giving the river a digital twin.”可知,创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪
工作。
10.How do the smart stones contribute to the river’s digital governance?
A.They record water quality.
B.They serve as markers for important locations.
C.They enhance the river’s beauty.
D.They monitor and report dike movements.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They are buried in important dike locations to
record and report the movement of dike stones.”可知,智能石头通过监测和报告堤坝的运动
来为河流的数字化治理做出贡献。
11.What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River?
A.Entertaining tourists.
B.Collecting information on dike conditions.
C.Patrolling and taking wildlife photos.
D.Giving warning of coming floods.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“On the routes designed by engineers,the drones
become expert patrollers of the river,looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects.”可知,
无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
12.What does the underlined phrase “batten down the hatches” in the fourth paragraph
mean?
A.Prepare for difficult times.
B.Foresee the future.
C.Work hard to achieve one’s goals.
D.Overcome challenges.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River
Conservancy Commission,thanks to the drones,researchers at the command center can get
first-hand photos and information.‘Researchers then update the 3D model according to the
changes the drones reported.The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release
plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches,’ said Shen.”可知,使用无人机可以获
得黄河水利情况的第一手资料,研究人员可以根据无人机发回的资料实时更新3D 模型,
这样做可以提早预防洪涝等紧急情况,以便做出快速回应。故推知batten down the
hatches 应表示“做好准备,未雨绸缪”之意,与A 项“Prepare for difficult times.”同义。
