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考点分类练(九) 词句猜测题(3)
Passage 1 (2024 山东德州一模)
主题:英文句子 词数:372 难度:★★☆☆☆
Think you have a good grasp of English? Good.Read the six sentences below,then.
Sentence 1:The old man the boat.
Sentence 2:The cotton clothing is made of grows in Mississippi.
Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.
Sentence 4:Fat people eat collects.
Sentence 5:The man who hunts ducks out on weekends.
Sentence 6:The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families.
Linguists (语言学家) call these “garden path sentences”,which take you by the hand and
lead you down a winding path to a dead end.Despite this,they’re all grammatically
correct.Let’s see why.
Sentence 1:The old man the boat.
Besides sounding like a rejected Hemingway title,this sentence is indeed grammatically
correct thanks to some well-placed homonyms—words that share the same spellings but have
different meanings.Homonym 1 here is “old”,used as a noun,meaning “old people”;homonym
2 is “man”,used as a verb,meaning “to serve in/on”.With that in mind,the sentence means
“The old people serve on the boat.”
Sentence 2:The cotton clothing is made of grows in Mississippi.
At first read,you’d think “is made of” is the main verb of this sentence.But it’s not.The
simplest form of this sentence is “The cotton grows in Mississippi”;confusingly,“clothing is
made of” is used to tell us what cotton we’re talking about.This sentence would make way
more sense if written “The cotton that clothing is made of grows in Mississippi”,but English
allows us to remove certain conjunctions like “that”,with its meaning maintained.
Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.
The first half of this sentence is easy to catch.So when dealing with the other half,people
usually follow the structure of the first half,and it’d be understood as “fruits fly like
bananas”.This is obviously unreasonable.Only when people rethink can they recognize the
true meaning of the sentence.Therefore,such sentences manage to make people ignore the
structure of the sentence itself,thus departing from its original meaning.
Come on!Take a walk down the garden path with the rest of the sentences.
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对特殊的英文句子的理解。
1.What’s the characteristic of “garden path sentences” according to linguists?
A.Misleading but error-free.
B.Accurate and plain.
C.Improperly-worded and meaningless.
D.Ungrammatical but comprehensible.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由文章第八段“Linguists call these ‘garden path sentences’,which take
you by the hand and lead you down a winding path to a dead end.Despite this,they’re all
grammatically correct.Let’s see why.”可知,这些句子的特点是误导但没有错误。
2.Which word is an example similar to the homonym of “man” in sentence 1?
A.“grows” in sentence 2.
B.“eat” in sentence 4.
C.“hunts” in sentence 5.
D.“houses” in sentence 6.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一个标题“Sentence 1:The old man the boat.”下的
“Homonym 1 here is ‘old’,used as a noun,meaning ‘old people’;homonym 2 is ‘man’,used
as a verb,meaning ‘to serve in/on’.”和第七段“Sentence 6:The complex houses married and
single soldiers and their families.”可知,第6 句中的“houses”可以是名词“房子”,本句中
用作动词“给(某人)提供住处”与第1 句中“man”都是具有名词词性,在句子中用作动
词。
3.Which of the following correctly interprets “fruit flies like a banana” in sentence 3?
A.“fruit flies” refers to a sort of insect.
B.“flies” serves as the verb of the sentence.
C.“flies like” explains what fruit is talked about.
D.“like” has the same meaning as the “like” before it.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。由文章第三个标题“Sentence 3:Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies
like a banana.”下的内容可知,句子应该理解为“fruit flies”为句子主语,意为“果蝇”,指
的是一种昆虫;谓语是“like”意为“喜欢”;宾语是“a banana”,意为“香蕉”。
4.What can be the troublemaker in sentence 4?
A.The ill-placed verbs.
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B.The removal of “that”.
C.The grammar mistakes.
D.The lack of noun behind “collects”.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Sentence 4:Fat people eat collects.”可知,people 前
省略了that,that people eat 为定语从句,修饰先行词Fat,“Fat”此处作名词,意为“脂肪;肥
肉”,所以“that”的省略导致句子不好理解。
Passage 2 (2024 贵州贵阳一模)
主题:蜜蜂 词数:303 难度:★★★☆☆
Bees are more than just honey-makers.They are essential pollinators (传粉者) that help
maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops.Bees are among the
most diverse and plentiful insects on Earth,with over 20,000 species worldwide.They belong
to the order Hymenoptera (膜翅目昆虫),which also includes wasps,ants,and sawflies.
Bees have evolved to feed on nectar (花蜜) and pollen from flowers,and in doing so,they
transfer pollen from one flower to another,enabling fertilization (受精) and reproduction.This
process,called pollination,is essential for the survival of many plants,especially those that
produce fruits,nuts,seeds,and vegetables that we eat.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),bees and other pollinators
affect 35% of global agricultural land,supporting the production of 87% of the leading food
crops worldwide.
Pollination also enhances the quality and quantity of the crops,as well as their resistance
to pests and diseases.Without bees and other pollinators,our food supply and our biodiversity
would be at risk.
Unfortunately,bees are facing many threats,such as habitat loss,pesticide use,climate
change,diseases,and invasive species.The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate (脊椎动
物) pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators,such as bees,are facing extinction.This
could have serious consequences for our food security,our livelihoods,and our environment.
Therefore,it is important to protect the bees and their habitats,and to raise awareness
about their role and value.
One way to appreciate and support the bees is to learn how to identify them and observe
their behavior.You might be surprised by the diversity and beauty of the bees that visit your
backyard,garden,or balcony.
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂不仅是蜂蜜制造者,更是至关重
要的传粉者,对于维护生态系统平衡、丰富农作物多样性起着不可或缺的作用,同时指出
蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及保护蜜蜂的紧迫性。
5.Why are pollinators important?
A.They help the bees fertilize.
B.They keep the crops diverse.
C.They support the bees to make honey.
D.They protect insects such as wasps.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Bees are more than just honey-makers.They are
essential pollinators that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our
crops.”可知,传粉昆虫很重要是因为它们在维持生态系统平衡和农作物多样性方面至关
重要。
6.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.How pollination works.
B.How the flowers attract bees.
C.How the bees reproduce.
D.How the plants produce fruits.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要介绍了蜜蜂通过取食花蜜和花粉
进行传粉,从而帮助植物受精和繁殖的过程,即“传粉是如何运作的”。
7.What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 5 probably refer to?
A.Climate change.
B.Pesticide use.
C.Pollinators’ survival crisis.
D.Bees’ habitat loss.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据第五段的“The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate
pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators,such as bees,are facing extinction.”可知,蜜蜂
和其他传粉者面临灭绝的危机,“这种危机”可能导致严重的后果,因此,“This”指代的是
“传粉者生存危机”。
8.Which would be the best title for the text?
A.A duty:Protect Bees’ Habitat
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B.A Means:Observe Bees’ Behaviour
C.Bees:Maintainers of the Ecosystem
D.Bees:Consumers at the Top of the Food Chain
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段以及倒数第二段内容可知,文章主要围绕
蜜蜂作为生态系统维护者的核心角色展开,论述了其传粉功能对农业生产、生物多样性
和环境稳定性的重大意义,同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及其保护的紧迫性。所以“蜜
蜂:生态系统维护者”适合作本文的标题。
Passage 3 (2024 四川成都二模)
主题:保护个人隐私 词数:303 难度:★★★☆☆
There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into
digital monitors,health apps,search engines and other online tools.If the same information
were provided in your doctor’s office,your privacy would be safeguarded.But that’s not how
the digitized health world works.
Instead,we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate
largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel,hospitals and
insurers to protect an individual’s health information.
That means technology companies can—and do—dig your digital data for clues about
your health status,accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other
health services you might have sought,and potentially link this information to your
name,address,email address and other personally identifying information.The data can then
be used by platforms including Meta and Google to help advertisers target promotions or
other communications to you.
It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law,which
protects interactions between patients,medical professionals and insurers but does not,in most
cases,protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.
Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should-be a priority for lawmakers.The
consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn
significant concern and attention.These worries are reasonable.But reproductive care is only
one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed.
Therefore,lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now
online for all manners of personal,professional and other reasons.Until then,a narrowly
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targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into
effect.The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the
past few years require it greatly.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕数字化健康世界中个人隐私保护的问
题展开论述,分析了当前健康技术公司在处理个人健康信息时存在的法律漏洞和滥用现
象,并强调了立法者需要采取行动来保护个人隐私的重要性。
9.What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world?
A.Personal health data is used for other purposes.
B.Personal health information is difficult to identify.
C.Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health.
D.Medical personnel protect the personal health information well.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段和第三段内容可知,现在我们的个人健康信息没有
得到应有的保护,这些数据反而被包括Meta 和谷歌在内的平台使用,以帮助广告商向你
定向促销或其他通信。
10.What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law?
A.Approving.
B.Critical.
C.Cautious.
D.Ambiguous.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,作者认为现行的隐私法存在巨大漏洞。
由此推知,他对现行隐私法是持批评态度的。
11.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 6 refer to?
A.The spread of health service.
B.People’s privacy.
C.A narrowly targeted approach.
D.The explosion of digital technology.
答案 C
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线单词上一句“Until then,a narrowly targeted approach that
protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect.”以及画线单词所在句
“The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past
few years require it greatly.”可推测,画线词it 指的是上文提到的“targeted approach”。
12.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To advocate improvement in the privacy law.
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B.To report cases of illegal information exposure.
C.To explain how the digitized health world works.
D.To introduce a debate on the effect of technology.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段以及全文内容可知,文章主要讨论了数字化健康
世界中个人隐私保护的问题,特别指出了当前隐私法存在的漏洞以及健康技术公司如何
滥用个人健康信息。作者强调了这一问题的严重性,并呼吁立法者采取行动来弥补这一
漏洞,保护个人隐私。由此推知,文章的目的是倡导改进隐私法,以确保个人健康信息得
到妥善保护。
