第三章 位置与坐标(举一反三讲义)全章题型归纳
2024
...................................................................................................................................................................3
1 !" ............................................................................................................................3
2 #$%& ............................................................................................................................3
3 '()*% ................................................................................................................3
4 +,-./012 ........................................................................................................................4
5 34567 ............................................................................................................................5
89 ...................................................................................................................................................................6
6 :/;<=>? ....................................................................................................................6
7 :,-@A<=>? ....................................................................................................................7
8 34;7>? ....................................................................................................................9
9 34BC37>? ..............................................................................................................11
知识点1 有序数对的概念
DEFGHIJKL ɑ : b MNL1OPQGIL1ORS(𝑎O𝑏)T
知识点2 平面直角坐标系及有关概念
1. .5UB3
V.5WOJXYZ[U0\]^L(OMN.5UB3T_`JXL(abcde.fcgh
UfcOijk:jlmjabnJXL(omjT
2. (
e.L(2n x (+p(OhUL(2n y (+q(Trst2n(OJ(u O 2n.
5UB3\T
3. !"
.5vJX(aNwKxa
klxaPQyz!"O{|}Kxa~mjabPQyr
!"0y}!"0yw!".T
知识点3 建立平面直角坐标系
1. .5UB3
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
教辅资源,关注公众号•全科AA+
1aXOSn\
2\VJKYZ[UmjlabS x (0y (
3omjgfCT
2. `3m
}B-4n\OlVUn(T
知识点4 平面直角坐标系内点的坐标
1. ¡
.5W¢£zKGIL1¤ ¡T1d.5W¥¦z PO P abj x (0y (S[O[§
V x (0y (l1¨©L a,b abPQ P p0qOGIL1(𝑎O𝑏) ªPQ P .
.5W:GI©L1«zz1¨T
2. ¬¦®
1 P(𝑎O𝑏)' x ()*n|𝒃|2 P(𝑎O𝑏)' y ()*n|𝒂|T
3. #$
1¯!"W#$
yz°yw!"W± ²³n( + O + )0(−O + )0(−O−)0( +
O−)T
2´!"W#$
x (lqn 0y (lpn 0\p0q
µn 0\¶V x (lO·V y (lT
3:(.¸Ul#$
: x (.¸UlGqZ¹O: y (.¸
UlGpZ¹T
知识点5 用坐标表示平移
1./
./º»@¼<=
V.5UB4O½(xOy)jk(+¾)./ a Kf
CO¢¿'1¨(x+aOy)+(x-aOy)½(xOy)jl(+À)./ b KfCO¢¿'1¨(xO
y+b)+(xOy-b)T
2,-./
V.5UB3WOÁÂFzK,-¯KpµÃ(+ÄÅ)zKoL aOZ¨
Æ,-ª«F\,-jk(+j¾)./ a KfCÁÂFǯKqµÃ(+ÄÅ)zKoL
aOZ¨Æ,-ª«F\,-jl(+jÀ)./ a KfCT
知识点6 轴对称与坐标变化
1d x (12JKOpZ¹OqYnZÈL;ȤOpZ¹0qYnZ
ÈLJKd x (12T
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
2d y (12JKOqZ¹OpYnZÈL;ȤOqZ¹0pYnZ
ÈLJKd y (12T
【培优篇】
【题型1 由点的坐标判断象限】
É 1Á,«Ê;ËÌ.5¡¦,OÍÎn\Ojkmjn𝑥(omjOjlmjn𝑦(om
j.5UB3OÏÐÑV!"«( )
ATyz!"
BTyr!"
CTy}!"
DTyw!"
@ 1-124-25 ÒÓÔÀ·]Õ·Ö×V.5UB34O(2025,2025)V!"«
ATyz!"
BTyr!"
CTy}!"
DTyw!"
@ 1-224-25 ØÓÔÀ·ÙÚÛÜ·Ö4V.5UB34O𝑃(−𝑎2−1,3)V!"«ÝÝ
ATyz!"
BTyr!"
CTy}!"
DTyw!"
@ 1-324-25 ØÓÔÀ·Þß·Ö4V.5UB3𝑥𝑂𝑦4O𝐴(𝑥,𝑥+ 1)zàVy
!"T
【题型2 由点的坐标特征求值】
É 224-25 ØÓÔÀ·]ÕáÚ·Ö4V.5UB34OÍ𝐴(𝑛−2,7)V𝑦(lOÏ𝐵(𝑛−3,𝑛+ 1)
Vy
!"T
@ 2-12025·Ùâã·äåæçÍyr!"W𝑃(𝑚,𝑛)è§𝑛−𝑚= 2OézKè§X𝑃
T
@ 2-224-25 ØÓÔÀ·êÚë·Ö×ìí.5UB34GJ𝑀(2𝑚−3,𝑚+ 1)0𝑁(−5,−1)O
î𝑀𝑁∥𝑥(OÏ𝑚=
T
@ 2-324-25 ÒÓÔÀ·Ùïð·Ö4V.5UB34Oìí𝑃(𝑎,𝑎+ 1)O𝑄(−1,2)TÍU
𝑃𝑄:𝑥(.¸OÏ𝑎&n T
【题型3 由点到坐标轴的距离求坐标】
É 324-25 ØÓÔÀ·Ùñò·óôõö𝐴(2,𝑚)Vyw!"Oî'JX()*÷gn 5OÏ
𝐴n
T
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
@ 3-124-25 ÒÓÔl·øù·úçûìí𝐴(3𝑎,2𝑏)V𝑥(lmOV𝑦(¾üOÏ𝐴'𝑥(0𝑦(
)*abn
AT3𝑎,−2𝑏
BT−3𝑎,2𝑏
CT2𝑏,−3𝑎
DT−2𝑏,3𝑎
@ 3-2ìí𝑃(𝑎,𝑏)Vyw!"Oî P ' x ()*n 5O' y ()*n 3OÏ P
n
T
@ 3-324-25 ÒÓÔl·ýþýÕ·Ö×V.5UB34Oìí A n(2−𝑎,2𝑎)OF A
' x ()*RS mO' y ()*RS nT
(1)Í𝑎= 5O%𝑚𝑛&
(2)Í𝑎> 2,𝑚+ 𝑛= 7O% A T
【题型4 点或图形的平移、对称】
É 424-25 ØÓÔÀ·ÿĀāã·Ö×Á,OÍVĂăl.5UB3OĄ“ą”fd(2,0)OÏ
½ĂĆ“ć”jl./ 2 KfCĈ«
T
@ 4-124-25 ĉÓÔl·ĊċċĀ·Ö×V.5UB34O𝐴(−2,1)d\12 B Vy
!"T
@ 4-224-25 ÒÓÔÀ·]Õ·Ö4V.5UB34OÍ𝐴(−7,6):𝐵(𝑎,𝑏)d𝑥(12OÏ
𝑎+ 𝑏=
T
@ 4-324-25 ØÓÔÀ·ČčηÖ×V.5UB34ORpqµ«ĎLnĎT½
zKĎďĐ¥z(mj./ 2 KfOđĐ:Ēz³./[Umj./ 1 KfOPQz³ “ēć
Ĕ;”TÉÁ∶Á,O A Qz³“ēćĔ;”O¢'ĕ BOĖ«'ĕàė CT P Ę\ęĚěQ“ē
ćĔ;”OÀ5}KĜĝ4OGoĜĝI «
T
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
教辅资源,关注公众号•全科AA+
① P иz³“ēćĔ;”¢ğ'ĕG 8 K
② P и}³“ēćĔ;”Ĉ¢'ĕ(1,0)
③ P иw³“ēćĔ;”Ĉ¢'ĕ(0,3)T
【题型5 坐标系中的面积问题】
É 524-25 ØÓÔÀ·êĠġ·óôõöÁ,OV.5UB34Om-𝐴𝐵𝐶𝑂𝐴𝑂n4OĢ𝐴𝐵
n3O;𝑃Ę𝐴ģĐ𝐴𝐵→𝐵𝐶→𝐶𝑂Ĕ;O △𝑃𝑂𝐴56dw-𝐴𝐵𝐶𝑂56
1
6O𝑃
n
T
@ 5-124-25 ÒÓÔl·ðĀĊĤ·Ö4VÁ,¡UB34Ow-𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷¯Kĥ
ab«𝐴(0,2)O𝐵(5,5)O𝐶(8,0)O𝐷(2,−2)OÏĦKw-56«
T
@ 5-2V.5UB3𝑥𝑂𝑦4O1d¥¦}𝐴O𝐵O𝐶“ħ56”OĨÁÀ®
“e.”𝑎
¥
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
¦JpĩĪ&O“ī[”ℎ
¥¦JqĩĪ&OÏ“ħ56”𝑆= 𝑎ℎTÉÁ
}
abn𝐴(1,2)O𝐵(−3,1)O𝐶(2,−2)OÏ“e.”𝑎= 5O“ī[”ℎ= 4O“ħ56”𝑆= 𝑎ℎ= 20TÍ𝐷(1,2)O
𝐸(−2,1)O𝐹(0,𝑡)}“ħ56”n18OÏ𝑡&n
AT−3+7
BT−4+6
CT−4+7
DT−3+6
@ 5-324-25 ØÓÔÀ·WĬĭĮįİı·Ö4Á,OV.5UB34Oìí𝐴(𝑎,0)O𝐵(𝑏,0)O
{4 aOb è§|𝑎+ 1| + (𝑏−3)2 = 0T M (−2,−1)OV y (oIJ(lGz POĄ¿ △𝐵𝑀𝑃5
6: △𝐴𝐵𝑀56ZOÏ P n
AT(2,0)
BT 0,
2
5
CT 0,
1
5
DT 0,
3
4
【拔尖篇】
【题型6 坐标与点的移动规律探究】
É 624-25 ØÓÔÀ·ÿijÚĴ·Ö×Á,OV.5UB34O A Ę\ O ģOĐ x (om
j~IJĵ-Ķà jĒĔ;O{/;ķÁ,¡O{4IJĵIJĸn 1 KfCOĦ𝐴1O𝐴2O
𝐴3O𝐴4…abn𝐴1(0,0)O𝐴2(1,1)O𝐴3(2,0)O𝐴4(3,−1)…O~ĹĦĺ<=ÀÅO𝐴2025
n
T
@ 6-124-25 ÒÓÔÀ·ĻijÚÜ·Ö×Á,OļĽ»ěfd(3,0)ęOĐ,4¡mjľĽOļĽ
VĽĿlĔ;ŀŁÁ,¡TÁÂļĽ»ěfd(2,0)ęOł~\¤mjľĽOļĽy 1 ³Ń'ĽĿ
OļĽfc«(0,2) OńŅļĽy 2025 ³Ń'ĽĿOļĽfc«ÝÝ
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
AT(2,4)
BT(6,0)
CT(8,2)
DT(6,4)
@ 6-224-25 ØÓÔÀ·ņŇĻ·óôõöÁ,Oìí𝐴1(1,1)O𝐴2(2,−1)O𝐴3(4,4)O𝐴4(6,−4)O𝐴5(7,1)
O𝐴6(8,−1)O𝐴7(10,4)O𝐴8(12,−4)⋯⋯O~Ħĺ<=OÏ𝐴2025nÝÝ
AT(3038,−1)
BT(3037,−1)
CT(3037,1)
DT(3038,1)
@ 6-324-25 ĉÓÔÀ·ňĴʼnH·óôõöÁ,OV.5UB34Om-𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷wKĥ
abn𝐴−1O2 O𝐵−1O−1 O𝐶(1,−1)O𝐷(1,2)𝑃Ę𝐴ģOĐm-𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷HĔ;OŊ
CnŋŌ 2 KfCO𝑄Ę𝐴ģOĐm-𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷Ĕ;OŊCnŋŌ 3 KfCOR
𝑃O𝑄Vm-𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷ly 1 ³Zōn𝑀1Oyr³Zōn𝑀2Oy}³Zōn𝑀3O
⋯⋯OÏ𝑀2025n
AT(1,0)
BT(−1,0)
CT(−1,2)
DT(0,−1)
【题型7 坐标与图形变换规律探究】
É 724-25 ÒÓÔÀ·ðĀŎŏ·óôõöÁ,OVUB34OŋKŐőļom-Œn 1 K
fCO𝑃nĥSom-𝑃𝐴1𝐴2𝐴3Oom-𝑃𝐴4𝐴5𝐴6O…O~œ<=SÀÅOSom-ĥŒ
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
VőlO{4om-𝑃𝐴1𝐴2𝐴3ĥabn𝑃(−3,0)O𝐴1(−2,1)O𝐴2(−1,0)O𝐴3(−2,−1)OÏĥ𝐴100
n
T
@ 7-124-25 ÒÓÔÀ·ÙÚ.ĥð·Ö4Á,OV.5UB34O △𝐴1𝐴2𝐴3O △𝐴3𝐴4𝐴5O △
𝐴5𝐴6𝐴7O △𝐴7𝐴8𝐴9O⋯µ«}B-Oî𝐴1O𝐴3O𝐴5O𝐴7O𝐴9ab« 𝐴1(3,0)O𝐴3(2,0)O 𝐴5
(4,0)O𝐴7(1,0)O𝐴9(5,0)T²Ŕ,-Èŕ<=OÏ𝐴2025«( )
AT(509,0)
BT(508,0)
CT(−509,0)
DT(−505,0)
@ 7-22025 ÒÓÔl·øù·ŖõöÁÀ,OV.5UB34Oyz³½}B-𝑂𝐴𝐵@AN
}B-𝑂𝐴1𝐵1Oyr³½}B-𝑂𝐴1𝐵1@AN}B-𝑂𝐴2𝐵2Oy}³½}B-𝑂𝐴2𝐵2@AN}B-𝑂𝐴3𝐵3
,⋯⋯O²œ@AÀÅTìí𝐴(1,3),𝐴1(2,3),𝐴2(4,3),𝐴3(8,3),𝐵(2,0),𝐵1(4,0),𝐵2(8,0),𝐵3(16,0)T
(1)%}B-𝑂𝐴4𝐵4¯KĥT
(2)~œ,-@¼<=OŗŘ%}B-𝑂𝐴𝑛𝐵𝑛56:}B-𝑂𝐴𝐵56ļ3T
@ 7-3Á,OV.5UB3𝑥𝑂𝑦4O𝐴1(1,0)O𝐴2(3,0)O𝐴3(6,0)O𝐴4(10,0)O…O𝐴1𝐴2n1B
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
SyzKom-𝐴1𝐶1𝐴2𝐵1O𝐴2𝐴3n1BSyrKom-𝐴2𝐶2𝐴3𝐵2O𝐴3𝐴4n1BSy}Kom
-𝐴3𝐶3𝐴4𝐵3…ĥ𝐵1O𝐵2O𝐵3O…µVyz!"O~ĹĦĺ<=²³Ğ¸ÀÅO𝐵𝑛n
T
【题型8 坐标系中的动点问题探究】
É 824-25 ØÓÔÀ·Þß·Ö×Á,OV.5UB34Om-𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶𝑂𝐶0𝑂𝐴abV x (0y
(lOB Vyz!"O A «(0,4)O𝑂𝐶= 8T
(1)Uřé B0 C T
(2) P Ę\ O ģOV𝑂𝐶lŋŌ 1 KfCŊCŚŊj C Ĕ;O¹ Q Ę B ģOV
𝐵𝐴lŋŌ 2 KfCŊCŚŊj A Ĕ;OzK'ĕśOŜzKŝ÷ŞşĔ;OŠĔ
;šn t ŌO>?ÀŢ7
① t nţŤOU𝑃𝑄∥𝑦(ť
②VĔ;Ŧ4O Q ' y ()*n 2 KfCO% P0Q JT
③VĎKĔ;Ŧ4OğŧĄ¿w-𝐵𝐶𝑃𝑄56«m-𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶56
5
8ťÍğOŗUřé P0Q J
ÍàğOŨũŪT
@ 8-1Á, 1OìíO𝐴(1,4)O𝐴𝐻⊥𝑥(O[§n𝐻O½ô𝐴𝑂./°ô𝐵𝐶O𝐵(3,0)O{4𝐴
:𝐵1¨O𝑂:𝐶1¨T
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
教辅资源,关注公众号•全科AA+
(1)}B-𝐴𝑂𝐻56n__________T
(2)Á, 1OÍ𝐷(𝑚,𝑛)Vô𝑂𝐴lOŗŘūř𝐷𝐻OŬ£,-563Ũũ𝑛= 4𝑚T
(3)Á, 2Oū𝑂𝐶O;𝑃Ę𝐵ĚěV𝑥(lŋŌ 2 KfŊCj¾Ĕ;O¹𝑄Ę𝑂ĚěV𝑦(l
ŋŌ 1 KfŊCjÀĔ;TÍŭ𝑡ŌO}B-𝐴𝑂𝑃:}B-𝐶𝑂𝑄56ZOû%𝑡&𝑃T
@ 8-224-25 ØÓÔÀ·]ÕĻŮ·Ö×Á,OV.5UB34O𝐴𝐵∥𝐶𝐷∥𝑥(O𝐵𝐶∥𝐷𝐸∥𝑦(O
î𝐴𝐵= 𝐶𝐷= 3,𝑂𝐴= 4,𝐷𝐸= 2O; P Ę A ģOŋŌ 1 KfCŊCOĐ𝐴→𝐵→𝐶ķj C
Ĕ;; Q Ę O ģOŋŌ 2 KfCŊCOĐķ𝑂→𝐸→𝐷j D Ĕ;TÍ POQ J¹
ģO{4z'ĕśOJµŞşĔ;T
(1)Uřé BOCOD }K
(2) POQ Jģ2sO%}B-𝑂𝑃𝑄56
(3)Š POQ JĔ;šn𝑡sO}B-𝑂𝑃𝑄56n 6 O% t &T
@ 8-3ůzů
L-Ĝ^SnzŰLűŲmųO{¨£Ŵ·¢anJŰŵ-
+sŶŷdLŸŹ¤źũ-ÊŻ
żŹO+sŶŷ-¬UŽŹ¤źũL÷šÊŰ3OžL-Ĝ^ſƀJKm5
yzŰŵ-«“LƁ
-”OƂyrŰŵ-«“-ŷL”TÉÁ
VDEöL(ƃOL(l¥¦JO𝐴 ¡Ln𝑎O𝐵
¡Ln𝑏OÏ𝐴O𝐵J)*¢£Ć|𝑎−𝑏| ¡OÉÁ
5 gƄ2 )*¢£|5−(−2)|+|−2−5| ¡T
ƅzƅ
Á,OV.5UB34OU𝐴𝐵ab:𝑥(oIJ(0𝑦(oIJ(ud𝐴(𝑎,0)0𝐵(0,𝑏)Oî𝑎0𝑏è§
(𝑎−6)2 + |𝑏−4| = 0T
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
(1)UřéÀ
𝐴______O0O𝐵0O______T
(2)Í𝑃0𝑄ab«𝑦(oIJ(à:𝐵]^0𝑥(ƆIJ(l;O𝑄S𝑄𝐶∥𝐴𝐵Oūř𝑃𝑄Tìí
∠𝐵𝐴𝑂= 34°Ƈƈ&Oŗ>Ɖ∠𝐵𝑃𝑄:∠𝑃𝑄𝐶÷šLƊ3OƋŨũŪT
(3)ìí𝐷(3,2)«ô𝐴𝐵4OÍ𝐻n𝑦(lzOî𝑆△𝐴𝐻𝐷=
2
3𝑆△𝐴𝑂𝐵O%𝐻T
【题型9 坐标系中角度关系问题探究】
É 9V.5UB34O A0B abV x (0y (oIJ(lO𝑂𝐴:𝑂𝐵= 5:4O △𝐴𝑂𝐵56n 10O
𝐶(𝑚,4)Vyr!"O P «ƌ CB lz;O∠𝐶= ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵T
(1)% B
(2)ô OC ğŧ_./ AB ¿'ťû% C
(3)∠𝑂𝑃𝐴0∠𝑃𝑂𝐶0∠𝑃𝐴𝐵÷šG3ťŗŨũŪT
@ 9-1ÊƍиƎƏƐƑƒO½ƓaN 5 KöļMOƔiƕƕmTÁ,¡OĦ«ÊƖ
Ò(1)ƗƐƘƙ,O𝐴0𝐵0𝐶0𝐷0𝐸abƚ ƛKöļMfcTìí𝐴n(-1O3)T
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
(1)ŗ~¦.5UB3p(gq(Œnļom-VUOŋKļom-n 1 Kf
COé,4{|¬KöļM
(2)Í(1)4.5UB3\n𝑂O𝐹V𝐷𝐵ƜlOŗé∠𝐹𝐴𝐵0∠𝐴𝐹𝑂0∠𝐹𝑂𝐷÷š
Ɗ3OƋŨũ\ƝT
@ 9-224-25 ØÓÔÀ·ňĴăƞ·óôõöÁ,OV.5UB34Oìí △𝐴𝐵𝐶O A
«(4,0)O B «(2,3)O C V x (ƆIJ(lOî𝐴𝐶= 6T
(1)é C
(2)V y (l«ŧƟV POĄ¿}B-𝑃𝑂𝐵56d}B-𝐴𝐵𝐶56
2
3OÍƟVO% P Í
àƟVOŗŨũŪ
(3)F C Ơl./ 3 Kf¿' HOSƌ𝐶𝐻Oūř𝐵𝐻O M Vƌ𝐶𝐻lĔ;à: C0H ]
^OŗUřé∠𝐵𝑀𝐴O∠𝐻𝐵𝑀O∠𝑀𝐴𝐶÷šLƊ3T
@ 9-3Á, 1OVm-𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶4O𝑂n.5UB3\O𝑂𝐴= 2O𝑂𝐶= 4O𝐵Vyz!"T
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+
教辅资源,关注公众号•全科AA+
(1)𝐵n______
(2)Á, 2O𝑃«ô𝐶𝐵ƜlOūř𝐴𝑃O𝑂𝑃OÏ∠𝑃𝑂𝐶O∠𝐴𝑃𝑂O∠𝑃𝐴𝐵}KBè§3«ơ
ŅťƋŨũŪ
(3)V2ƢƣlOìí
∠𝑃𝐴𝐵= 20°O∠𝑃𝑂𝐶= 50°OVyz!"Wiz𝐹Oūř𝑂𝐹O𝐴𝐹Oè§
∠𝑃𝐴𝐵= 2∠𝐹𝐴𝑃O∠𝑃𝑂𝐶= 2∠𝐹𝑂𝑃OŗUřé
∠𝐴𝑃𝑂
∠𝐴𝐹𝑂&T
教辅资源,关注公众号★全科AA+