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高中英语语法精讲 ⑧|7 种被动式 + 10 个易错点,一篇理清

高中英语语法精讲 ⑧|7 种被动式 + 10 个易错点,一篇理清

被动语态|"The room is cleaning"——就差一个字母,一分就没了

高中英语语法精讲 · 第 8 期

导语

先看学生作业里的一句高频错句:

❌ The room is cleaning now.

每个词都对,时态也没错,但意思变成了"房间正在打扫别人"。就差一个 being,语态全错。

被动语态是高考语法填空的常客,也是少数"给了明确信号"的考点——只要主语是动作的承受者,就该想到它。今天把它一次讲透。

一、先建立地图:被动式长什么样

被动语态的构造只有一条:be + 过去分词(done)。时态变,变的只是 be;动作,永远落在分词上。

时态 / 结构
被动形式
例句
一般现在时
am / is / are done
English is spoken here.(这里讲英语。)
一般过去时
was / were done
The bridge was built in 2019.(这座桥建于 2019 年。)
一般将来时
will be done
The result will be announced soon.(结果很快会公布。)
现在进行时
am / is / are being done
The road is being repaired.(这条路正在修。)
现在完成时
have / has been done
The problem has been solved.(问题已经解决了。)
过去完成时
had been done
He said the work had been finished.(他说工作已经完成了。)
情态动词
can / must / should be done
The task must be done today.(任务必须今天完成。)

一句话定调:判断该不该用被动,先问一句——主语是"做动作的人",还是"被动作的对象"?

二、10 个高频易错点

1. 时态在 be 上,动作在分词上

  • ❌ The room is cleaning now.
  • ✅ The room is being cleaned now.(房间正在被打扫。)
  • ❌ The letter has wrote. → ✅ The letter has been written.(信已经写好了。)

口诀:be 负责"什么时候",分词负责"被谁做"。 现在进行被动 = is being done,别把 being 丢了。

2. 不及物动词,永远没有被动

happen, take place, occur, break out, come about, belong to, last, die 这些词没有宾语,谈不上"被"。

  • ❌ The accident was happened last night.
  • ✅ The accident happened last night.(事故是昨晚发生的。)
  • ❌ The car is belonged to my uncle. → ✅ The car belongs to my uncle.(这辆车是我叔叔的。)

口诀:无宾不成被动。 高考最爱拿 happen 和 belong to 设坑,见到"was happened / is belonged to"直接判错。

3. 短语动词变被动,介词副词不能丢

  • ✅ The patient was taken good care of.(病人得到了很好的照顾。)
  • ✅ The sports meet has been put off till next week.(运动会推迟到下周了。)
  • ❌ The boy was laughed. → ✅ The boy was laughed at.(那个男孩被嘲笑了。)

技巧:动词短语是"一个整体",变被动时尾巴必须跟着走——care of、put off、laugh at 一个都不能少。

4. 双宾语动词,两种被动都成立

give, send, show, teach, buy 等词带双宾语,被动时两个宾语都能当主语:

  • Someone gave him a medal.
  • He was given a medal.
    (他获得了一枚奖章。)✔ 更常用
  • A medal was given to him.
    (一枚奖章被颁给了他。)
  • 注意搭配:give / send / show + to;buy / make / get + for:A bike was bought for me.

技巧:高考语法填空里,"人"作被动主语(sb be given…)出现频率更高,先想到它。

5. 感官、使役动词:主动省 to,被动补 to

hear, see, watch, notice, make, let 这类词接不定式作宾补时,主动语态省 to,变被动后 to 必须回来

  • We heard him sing in the next room.(我们听见他在隔壁唱歌。)
  • → He was heard to sing in the next room.
  • The teacher made us recite the passage.(老师让我们背诵这篇课文。)
  • → We were made to recite the passage.

口诀:主动省 to,被动补 to。 let 的被动一般改用 be allowed to:He was allowed to go.(他被允许离开。)

6. get + done:口语里的"另一种被动"

get + 过去分词可以表示被动,多强调变化或意外,常见搭配要记牢:

  • get hurt
     受伤 / get lost 迷路 / get paid 领到工资 / get married 结婚 / get caught 被抓住
  • He got caught in the rain yesterday.(他昨天淋了雨。)

技巧:get 被动多用于口语和非正式语篇;正式书面语(尤其作文)还是老老实实用 be done。

7. 主动表被动(一):感官系动词 + 形容词

look, sound, smell, taste, feel 这些系动词,后面接形容词,永远用主动

  • ❌ The dish is tasted good. → ✅ The dish tastes good.(这菜尝起来不错。)
  • ✅ Your idea sounds great.(你的主意听起来很棒。)

口诀:"尝、闻、听、看、摸"五感官 + 形容词,不认被动。 见到 is tasted / is sounded 直接判错。

8. 主动表被动(二):物作主语的"好卖好写"句

sell, write, wash, wear, open, shut, drive, lock 等动词,主语是物、后面常跟一个好副词(well / easily / smoothly),用主动表被动:

  • This kind of shirt sells well.(这种衬衫很畅销。)——注意:不能说 is sold well
  • The pen writes smoothly.(这支笔写起来很流畅。)
  • The door won't open.(这扇门打不开。)

口诀:物作主语说性能,主动形式被动意,后面往往跟着 well / easily。

9. need / want / require + doing = 需要被做

主动的 doing,等于被动的 to be done,两种都对:

  • My hair needs cutting. = My hair needs to be cut.(我该理发了。)
  • The classroom requires cleaning.(教室需要打扫了。)

技巧:need 后面接 doing 表被动、接 to do 表主动去干——I need to clean it(我去打扫)vs It needs cleaning(它需要被打扫)。

10. be worth doing:worth 的专属被动

  • The book is worth reading.(这本书值得一读。)——worth 后面永远用 doing,主动形式被动含义
  • ❌ is worth being read / is worth to read
  • 类似表达:be worthy to be done / be worthy of being done(较正式,高中阶段记住 worth doing 就够用)

口诀:worth 一家子只认 doing:worth doing, worthy to be done。

三、高考风格演练(4 题)

1. 语法填空:Look! The new library ______ (build) in our school. It will be open next term.

答案:is being built 解析:Look 提示动作正在进行;图书馆是"被建",用现在进行时的被动 is being built。

2. Great changes ______ in my hometown in the past ten years. A. took place  B. have taken place  C. have been taken place  D. were taken place

答案:B 解析:in the past ten years 是现在完成时标志;take place 不及物,没有被动,排除 C、D。

3. The children ______ to obey the rules at school. A. are made  B. made  C. are making  D. are made to

答案:A 解析:make sb do 变被动要补 to:be made to do。D 选项多了一个 to(句中已有 to obey),故选 A。

4. 短文改错:This kind of shirt is sold well in our shop.

答案is sold well → sells well 解析:sells well 是主动表被动,表示"畅销";加 is sold 反而画蛇添足。

四、随堂练习(5 题)

1. Paper ______ (invent) in China about 2,000 years ago.

2. — What's that noise? — Oh, the windows of our classroom ______ (repair).

3. The soup ______ (taste) a bit salty. You'd better add some water.

4. My bike is broken. It needs ______ (repair).

5. 短文改错:The story was happened in a small village last year.

参考答案

  1. was invented
    。纸张是被"发明"的,ago 提示一般过去时被动。
  2. are being repaired
    。噪音提示"正在被修",现在进行时被动。
  3. tastes
    。感官系动词 taste + 形容词,永远用主动。
  4. repairing / to be repaired
    。need + doing 主动表被动,或 need to be repaired,两种都对。
  5. was happened → happened
    。happen 不及物动词,没有被动语态。

五、一句话总结

被动语态,三句话带走:

  1. be + done,时态变在 be 上;主语是承受者,才用被动。
  2. happen / take place / belong to 不及物,永远没有被动;短语动词变被动,介词别丢。
  3. 主动省 to 被动补 to;sells well、needs cutting、worth doing——主动形式也能表被动。

下期预告: 非谓语动词(一)——"I enjoy to read"错在哪?不定式和动名词的大战,只接 doing 的动词清单,下期一次背全。

如果这篇帮你把被动语态理顺了,收藏起来,把第二节 10 条再对照读一遍;身边还在 is sold well 里栽跟头的同学,转给他。

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